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Liu J, Li J, Xia C, He W, Li X, Shen S, Zhou X, Tong N, Peng L. The effect of hyperlipidemia and body fat distribution on subclinical left ventricular function in obesity: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:120. [PMID: 38566090 PMCID: PMC10985902 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is often associated with multiple comorbidities. However, whether obese subjects with hyperlipidemia in the absence of other complications have worse cardiac indices than metabolically healthy obese subjects is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of hyperlipidemia on subclinical left ventricular (LV) function in obesity and to evaluate the association of cardiac parameters with body fat distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two adults were recruited and divided into 3 groups: obesity with hyperlipidemia (n = 24, 14 males), obesity without hyperlipidemia (n = 25, 13 males), and c ntrols (n = 43, 25 males). LV strain parameters (peak strain (PS), peak diastolic strain rate (PDSR), peak systolic strain rate) derived from cardiovascular magnetic resonance tissue tracking were measured and compared. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer was used to measure body fat distribution. Correlations of hyperlipidemia and body fat distribution with LV strain were assessed by multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Obese individuals with preserved LV ejection fraction showed lower global LV longitudinal, circumferential, and radial PS and longitudinal and circumferential PDSR than controls (all P < 0.05). Among obese patients, those with hyperlipidemia had lower longitudinal PS and PDSR and circumferential PDSR than those without hyperlipidemia (- 12.8 ± 2.9% vs. - 14.2 ± 2.7%, 0.8 ± 0.1 s-1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 s-1, 1.2 ± 0.2 s-1 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2 s-1; all P < 0.05). Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that hyperlipidemia was independently associated with circumferential PDSR (β = - 0.477, P < 0.05) in obesity after controlling for growth differences, other cardiovascular risk factors, and central fat distribution. In addition, android fat had an independently negative relationship with longitudinal and radial PS (β = - 0.486 and β = - 0.408, respectively; all P < 0.05); and visceral fat was negatively associated with longitudinal PDSR (β = - 0.563, P < 0.05). Differently, gynoid fat was positively correlated with circumferential PS and PDSR and radial PDSR (β = 0.490, β = 0.481, and β = 0.413, respectively; all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hyperlipidemia is independently associated with subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction in obesity. Central fat distribution (android and visceral fat) has a negative association, while peripheral fat distribution (gynoid fat) has a positive association on subclinical LV function. These results suggest that appropriate management of hyperlipidemia may be beneficial for obese patients, and that the differentiation of fat distribution in different regions may facilitate the precise management of obese patients. Clinical trials registration Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolism of obese patients based on smart phone software (ChiCTR1900026476).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenzhang He
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sumin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liqing Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Fernandez-Mendoza J, Calhoun SL, Bixler EO. Edward O. Bixler, PhD: from the Apollo project and chimpanzees to sleep epidemiology. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae020. [PMID: 38562675 PMCID: PMC10983785 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
What an honor to write about Dr. Edward O. Bixler's contributions to the sleep field. In 1967, Dr. Bixler published a case report on a chimpanzee with implanted brain electrodes while working at an Air Force base in New Mexico. A few years later, in 1971, he published on the sleep effects of flurazepam in individuals with insomnia together with Dr. Anthony Kales, data that he had collected when the Sleep Research & Treatment Center (SRTC) was housed at the University of California Los Angeles. Dr. Bixler, a meticulous scientist, learned from Dr. Kales, a devoted clinician, to study "the whole patient, and all aspects of sleep," a legacy that continued when the SRTC moved to Penn State in Hershey. Indeed, Dr. Bixler's tenure at Penn State from 1971 until 2019 kept the science of the SRTC focused on that premise and helped translate scientific evidence into clinical care. He not only contributed early to the pharmacology of sleep and the effects of hypnotics, but he was also a pioneer in "sleep epidemiology." His "Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area" study of 1979 was the first rigorous epidemiological study on sleep disturbances. Starting in 1990, he established the Penn State Adult Cohort to estimate the prevalence and natural history of sleep-disordered breathing and other sleep disorders in adults. Inspired by life-course epidemiology, he established in 2001 the Penn State Child Cohort to estimate the same phenomena in children. This Living Legend paper captures and highlights Dr. Bixler's enduring legacy to sleep science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Calhoun
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Edward O Bixler
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Sedaghat Z, Khodakarim S, Nejadghaderi SA, Sabour S. Association between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction among patients with excess body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:444. [PMID: 38347488 PMCID: PMC10863149 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Controversial views exist over the effects of metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes on CVDs. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and myocardial infarction (MI) among individuals with excess body weight (EBW). METHODS We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases as of December 9, 2023. Cohort studies involving patients with overweight or obesity that reported the relevant effect measures for the association between metabolic syndrome and MI were included. We excluded studies with incomplete or unavailable original data, reanalysis of previously published data, and those that did not report the adjusted effect sizes. We used the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for quality assessment. Random-effect model meta-analysis was performed. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's test. RESULTS Overall, nine studies comprising a total of 61,104 participants were included. There was a significant positive association between metabolic syndrome and MI among those with obesity (hazard ratio (HR): 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 2.22). Subgroup analysis showed higher HRs for obesity (1.72; 1.03, 2.88) than overweight (1.58; 1.-13-2.21). Meta-regression revealed no significant association between nationality and risk of MI (p = 0.75). All studies had high qualities. There was no significant publication bias (p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome increased the risk of MI in those with EBW. Further studies are recommended to investigate other risk factors of CVDs in EBW, in order to implement preventive programs to reduce the burden of CVD in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sedaghat
- Student Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Morales-Ghinaglia N, He F, Calhoun SL, Vgontzas AN, Liao J, Liao D, Bixler EO, Fernandez-Mendoza J. Circadian misalignment impacts the association of visceral adiposity with metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad262. [PMID: 37792965 PMCID: PMC10782492 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Although insufficient sleep is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS), the circadian timing of sleep (CTS) is also involved in cardiac and metabolic regulation. We examined whether delays and deviations in the sleep midpoint (SM), a measure of CTS, modify the association between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and MetS in adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 277 adolescents (median 16 years) who had at least 5 nights of at-home actigraphy (ACT), in-lab polysomnography (PSG), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, and MetS score data. Sleep midpoint (SM), sleep irregularity (SI), and social jetlag (SJL) were examined as effect modifiers of the association between VAT and MetS, including waist circumference, blood pressure, insulin resistance, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Linear regression models adjusted for demographics, ACT-sleep duration, ACT-sleep variability, and PSG-apnea-hypopnea index. RESULTS The association between VAT and MetS was significantly stronger (p-values for interactions < 0.001) among adolescents with a schooldays SM later than 4:00 (2.66 [0.30] points increase in MetS score), a SI higher than 1 hour (2.49 [0.30]) or a SJL greater than 1.5 hours (2.15 [0.36]), than in those with an earlier SM (<3:00; 1.76 [0.28]), lower SI (<30 minutes; 0.98 [0.70]), or optimal SJL (<30 minutes; 1.08 [0.45]). CONCLUSIONS A delayed sleep phase, an irregular sleep-wake cycle, and greater social jetlag on schooldays identified adolescents in whom VAT had a stronger association with MetS. Circadian misalignment is a risk factor that enhances the impact of visceral obesity on cardiometabolic morbidity and should be a target of preventative strategies in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Morales-Ghinaglia
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fan He
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Susan L Calhoun
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Alexandros N Vgontzas
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jason Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Edward O Bixler
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Sleep Research and Treatment Center, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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Alowairdhi Y, Alrasheed F, Alghubaywi F, Alqirnas MQ, Alajroush WA. Association Between Acne Vulgaris and Body Mass Index in Adult Population: A Tertiary Hospital-Based Retrospective Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e32867. [PMID: 36699779 PMCID: PMC9870603 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acne vulgaris (AV) is the common form of acne, characterized by a polymorphic eruption of inflammatory non-papules, pustules, nodules, blackheads, and whiteheads. Acne was eighth among the top 10 disorders in terms of prevalence in 2010. The objective of this study was to see if there was any association between acne vulgaris and BMI in the young adult population. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective study conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Adult patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris from January 2017 to June 2022 were enrolled. The estimated sample size was reached using consecutive, non-probability sampling. RESULTS A total of 596 participants were selected as a match to the criteria of the research objectives. Of the participants, slightly more than half were males (52.5%) and the rest were females (47.5%). There was a nearly equal number of cases and controls, around 48.7% of the patients had acne while the rest did not. The majority were of the age group 18 to 19 years followed by 22 to 23 years (25.2%). A majority had a normal BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 (40.4%). A significant difference was found between the means of the BMI of the participants who had acne and those who did not (p<0.05). Conclusion: No significant association was found between age group, gender, BMI, and acne. To fully comprehend how dietary factors affect the severity of acne, more studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed Alowairdhi
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Faisal Alrasheed
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Faisal Alghubaywi
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Muhannad Q Alqirnas
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Waleed A Alajroush
- Pediatric Dermatology, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
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Fu L, Cheng H, Zhao X, Hou D, Xie X, Mi J. Distinct causal effects of body fat distribution on cardiometabolic traits among children: Findings from the BCAMS study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1753-1765. [PMID: 35599089 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies reveal that different body fat measures are associated with cardiometabolic disease with different effects. However, causality is not reflected by such observations. To explore and compare the causal relationships of general obesity (measured by body mass index (BMI)), adipose obesity (measured by fat mass percentage (FMP)) and central obesity (measured by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) with cardiometabolic traits among children. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted one sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in 3266 children from Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome Study. Genetic instruments based on 28 SNPs were performed to explore and compare the causal associations of genetically BMI, FMP and WHtR with cardiometabolic traits. The genetic instruments were robustly correlated with observed BMI, FMP and WHtR. Each genetically 1-SD increment in BMI, FMP and WHtR were causally associated with increment in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), log-transformed fasting plasma glucose (FPG), log-transformed HOMA-β, and decrease in log-transformed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), respectively (all P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that BMI and FMP showed stronger effects on SBP, DBP, HOMA-β and HDL than WHtR (all P < 0.05). We also observed causal associations of BMI and FMP with log-transformed fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS The MR analysis based on population-based cohort indicated a causal relationship of adiposity and body fat distribution with cardiometabolic traits. When compared with central obesity, general obesity and adipose obesity might own stronger effects on blood pressure and blood lipids among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwan Fu
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqing Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Xie
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Mi
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, China.
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Grootjen LN, Trueba-Timmermans DJ, Damen L, Mahabier EF, Kerkhof GF, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment of Children with PWS: The Earlier the Start, the Better the Outcomes? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092496. [PMID: 35566622 PMCID: PMC9105093 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment in young children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have never been compared with untreated age-matched controls with PWS, and it is unclear if starting GH in the first year of life is safe and more effective than starting GH in early childhood. We investigated the effects of long-term GH on body composition, anthropometrics and cognition in young children with PWS compared to untreated controls and assessed whether starting GH in the first year of life is optimal and safe. An open-label, prospective study was performed, comparing GH-treated children with untreated controls, and comparing children who started GH in the first year of life (subgroup A) with children who started between 2–5 years (subgroup C). A total of 82 GH-treated children with PWS and 22 age-matched controls with PWS were included. The main outcome measures were body composition, anthropometrics, IQ, and safety parameters. After 8 years, GH-treated children had significantly better body composition and were taller than age-matched controls. Subgroup A had a lower FM% trajectory during treatment than subgroup C and showed a greater and longer-term increase in the LBM index. After 8 years, subgroup A had a lower trunk/peripheral fat ratio (p = 0.043) and higher IQ (p = 0.043). No adverse effects of starting GH in the first year were found. Children with PWS who received long-term GH had a better body composition and growth than untreated age-matched controls and starting GH in the first year of life was optimal and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionne N. Grootjen
- Dutch Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.T.-T.); (L.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.F.K.); (A.C.S.H.-K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Growth Research Foundation, 3016 AH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-102-251-533
| | - Demi J. Trueba-Timmermans
- Dutch Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.T.-T.); (L.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.F.K.); (A.C.S.H.-K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Growth Research Foundation, 3016 AH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Layla Damen
- Dutch Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.T.-T.); (L.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.F.K.); (A.C.S.H.-K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Growth Research Foundation, 3016 AH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva F. Mahabier
- Dutch Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.T.-T.); (L.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.F.K.); (A.C.S.H.-K.)
- Dutch Growth Research Foundation, 3016 AH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerthe F. Kerkhof
- Dutch Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.T.-T.); (L.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.F.K.); (A.C.S.H.-K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita C. S. Hokken-Koelega
- Dutch Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.J.T.-T.); (L.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.F.K.); (A.C.S.H.-K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Growth Research Foundation, 3016 AH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu J, Li J, Yu J, Xia C, Pu H, He W, Li X, Zhou X, Tong N, Peng L. Regional Fat Distributions Are Associated With Subclinical Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Adults With Uncomplicated Obesity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:814505. [PMID: 35548430 PMCID: PMC9081765 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.814505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is a prominent public health problem that has increased cardiovascular mortality risks. However, the specific effects of obesity, independent of comorbidities, on cardiac structure and function have not been well clarified, especially those effects on the right ventricle (RV). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue tracking can assess detailed RV mechanical features. This study aimed to evaluate RV strain using CMR in uncomplicated obese adults and assess its association with fat distributions. Methods A total of 49 obese patients and 30 healthy controls were included. The RV global systolic function and strain parameters based on CMR were assessed. Body fat distributions were measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry. RV function indices of obese patients were compared with those of healthy controls. Correlations among related body fat distribution parameters and RV function indices were conducted with multivariable linear regression. Results Compared with healthy controls, the obese group had impaired RV strain with lower global longitudinal peak strain (PS), longitudinal peak systolic strain rate (PSSR), circumferential and longitudinal peak diastolic strain rates (PDSR) (all P < 0.05), while LV and RV ejection fractions were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that android fat% was independently associated with longitudinal PS (β = −0.468, model R2 = 0.219), longitudinal PDSR (β = −0.487, model R2 = 0.237), and circumferential PSSR (β = −0.293, model R2 = 0.086). Trunk fat% was independently associated with longitudinal PSSR (β = −0.457, model R2 = 0.209). In addition, the strongest correlations of circumferential PDSR were BMI and gynoid fat% (β = −0.278, β = 0.369, model R2 = 0.324). Conclusions Extensive subclinical RV dysfunction is found in uncomplicated obese adults. BMI, as an index of overall obesity, is independently associated with subclinical RV dysfunction. In addition, central obesity (android fat and trunk fat distributions) has a negative effect on subclinical RV function, while peripheral obesity (gynoid fat distribution) may have a positive effect on it. Clinical Trials Registration Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolism of obese patients based on smart phone software (ChiCTR1900026476).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianqun Yu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaxia Pu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenzhang He
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Nanwei Tong
| | - Liqing Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liqing Peng
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Musa S, Elyamani R, Dergaa I. COVID-19 and screen-based sedentary behaviour: Systematic review of digital screen time and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265560. [PMID: 35312701 PMCID: PMC8936454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted governments around the globe to implement various restriction policies, including lockdown, social distancing, and school closures. Subsequently, there has been a surge in sedentary behaviour particularly screen time (ST) together with a significant decline in physical activity that was more marked amongst children and adolescents. Excessive screen exposure in adolescents has been correlated with cardio-metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and glucose intolerance that may have adverse morbidity and mortality implications in adulthood. Thus, the current study aimed to synthesize the literature on the relationship between ST of various types and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In August 2021, a systematic search of the literature was undertaken using electronic databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochran library. Studies were considered if they met the following key eligibility criteria: (i) Measure of ST as an exposure (TV, computer, videogames, internet, smartphone, tablet), using quantified duration/frequency either self-reported or observed; (ii) Measure of MetS as an outcome with standard definition and/or criteria required to establish MetS diagnosis. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Results A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria, and the majority were cross sectional studies. Most studies met fair bias scoring. Overall, the review revealed considerable evidence that suggests a significant negative association between ST and components of MetS among adolescents with dose-response association. Conclusion During the pandemic, screen usage may become more prevalent through periods of school closures, lockdowns, social isolation, and online learning classes. Public health policies and health promotion strategies targeting parents are needed to raise awareness of the adverse health effects associated with screen-based sedentary behaviour as a precursor of NCDs. Parent or home focused interventions might be effective in limiting adolescents’ screen exposure, alternatively substituted with an appropriate level of physical activity. PROSPERO registration number PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021272436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - Rowaida Elyamani
- Department of Medical Education, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Department of Preventative Health, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Muhanna RG, Aljuraiban GS, Almadani NK, Alquraishi M, El-Sharkawy MS, Abulmeaty MMA. Value of Adding Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Anthropometric Indices in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in 10–16 Years Old Schoolgirls. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030419. [PMID: 35326897 PMCID: PMC8950802 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in clinical settings is common. However, the value of BIA-based parameters in diagnosing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children is under-investigated. Herein, we aimed to study the usefulness of BIA-indices in the diagnoses of MetS in 6–10-year-old girls. Therefore, a diagnostic accuracy case-control study was conducted, which included 75 girls aged 10–16 years, divided into three age-matched groups (normal, None-MetS, and MetS). Anthropometric indices, BIA parameters (including fat-free mass (FFM), body fat percent (BFP), and total body water (TBW)), blood pressure (BP), and blood samples were collected. Our main findings show that for girls in None-MetS and MetS groups, the waist circumference (WC) correlated positively with waist-hip ratio and mid-arm circumference (r = 0.58, 0.47, respectively), but not with BFP based on skinfold thickness (SFT), or mid-arm muscle area. WC was positively correlated with FFM and TBW, while high-density lipoprotein was inversely correlated with FFM. However, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and BP showed no association with anthropometric measurements and BIA components. WC was the best indicator of MetS (AUC = 0.88, cut-off = 81.5 cm), followed by BMI (AUC = 0.84, cut-off = 26.9 kg/m2), while BFP based on SFT was the least sensitive (62.5%). In conclusion, apart from the FM index, anthropometric parameters such as WC are more valuable in diagnosing MetS in young adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan G. Muhanna
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.G.M.); (G.S.A.); (N.K.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.G.M.); (G.S.A.); (N.K.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Najwa K. Almadani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.G.M.); (G.S.A.); (N.K.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Alquraishi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.G.M.); (G.S.A.); (N.K.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed S. El-Sharkawy
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.G.M.); (G.S.A.); (N.K.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Hajhashemy Z, Lotfi K, Heidari Z, Saneei P. Serum Vitamin D Levels in Relation to Abdominal Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:806459. [PMID: 35252295 PMCID: PMC8888413 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.806459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Findings of epidemiological studies that investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and abdominal obesity were inconsistent. To evaluate the relationship between blood vitamin D levels and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents, we did a comprehensive review and dose-response meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive search in electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), MEDLINE (Pubmed), EMBASE, and Google Scholar was conducted, up to May 2021, for epidemiological studies that investigated the linkage between serum vitamin D levels (as the exposure) and abdominal obesity (as the outcome) in children and adolescents. Results Combining 19 effect sizes from 14 cross-sectional studies that included 29,353 apparently healthy children illustrated that the highest vs. lowest level of serum vitamin D was related to a 35% reduced odds of abdominal obesity [odds ratio (OR): 0.65; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.84]. Linear dose-response analysis revealed that each 10 ng/ml increase in serum vitamin D levels was related to a 7% decrease in odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.95), only among investigations that used percentiles of waist circumference (>75th or 90th) to define the disorder (including 6,868 total subjects and 1,075 cases with abdominal obesity). Increasing serum vitamin D levels from 20 to 40 ng/ml was related to reduce odds of abdominal obesity in children. Conclusion A negative relationship between blood vitamin D levels and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents was discovered in this meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Among investigations that used waist circumference percentiles to define the disorder, the relationship was in a dose-response manner. To affirm this relationship, more research studies are needed, particularly using a prospective design. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021261319, PROSPERO 2021, identifier: CRD42021261319.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parvane Saneei ;
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12
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English L, Carmona YR, Peterson KE, Jansen EC, Téllez Rojo MM, Torres Olascoaga L, Cantoral A. Changes in Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake Are Associated with Changes in Body Composition in Mexican Adolescents: Findings from the ELEMENT Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:719. [PMID: 35277078 PMCID: PMC8839416 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in consumption of sugar sweetened beverage (SSBs) have been associated with increased body mass index (BMI), but little work has evaluated the effect on waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage during adolescence, a period characterized by rapid growth and change in dietary behaviors. We examined the relationship of changes in SSB intake and changes in adiposity over two years in 464 Mexican adolescents. Food frequency questionnaires were used to sum intake of regular soda, coffee with sugar, tea with sugar, sweetened water with fruit, chocolate milk, corn atole, and a sweetened probiotic milk beverage. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of changes in SSBs with changes in BMI, body fat percentage, and WC, adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, screen time, physical activity, age, and change in age. Adolescents who increased their daily SSB intake by >2 serving had a −2.72% higher body fat percentage (95% CI: 0.61, 4.82); a 1−2 serving increase was associated with a 2.49 cm increase (95% CI: 0.21, 4.76) in WC compared with those with no change in intake. Within an adolescent sample, changes in SSB intake were related to concomitant changes in body fat percentage and WC, but not BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey English
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Yanelli R. Carmona
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.R.C.); (K.E.P.); (E.C.J.)
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.R.C.); (K.E.P.); (E.C.J.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.R.C.); (K.E.P.); (E.C.J.)
| | - Martha María Téllez Rojo
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health in Mexico, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (M.M.T.R.); (L.T.O.)
| | - Libni Torres Olascoaga
- Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health in Mexico, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (M.M.T.R.); (L.T.O.)
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Health, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Mexico City 01219, Mexico
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13
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Wu AJ, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Taveras EM, Chavarro JE, Hivert MF. Associations of midchildhood to early adolescence central adiposity gain with cardiometabolic health in early adolescence. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1882-1891. [PMID: 34529343 PMCID: PMC8571062 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations of central adiposity gain from midchildhood to early adolescence with cardiometabolic health markers in early adolescence. METHODS A total of 620 participants were studied in Project Viva. In midchildhood (mean age = 7.8 years) and early adolescence (12.9 years), waist circumference and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-measured visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, and trunk fat were obtained. Central adiposity gain was calculated as change per year between visits. Cardiometabolic health markers, including blood pressure, lipids, markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and adipokines, were collected in early adolescence. RESULTS Greater waist circumference gain was associated with higher log triglycerides (β 0.07 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.02-0.13), log alanine aminotransferase (0.07 U/L; 95% CI: 0.03-0.12), log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (0.43 mg/L; 95% CI: 0.28-0.58), and other cardiometabolic markers in early adolescence. Directly measured central adiposity gains were associated with higher systolic blood pressure z score in early adolescence (visceral adipose tissue [0.13 SD units; 95% CI: 0.04-0.23], subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue [0.18 SD units; 95% CI: 0.04-0.31], and trunk fat [0.21 SD units; 95% CI: 0.06-0.36]). These associations were independent of baseline and change in total adiposity from midchildhood to early adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring central adiposity gain may enable identification and intervention in children vulnerable to developing cardiometabolic health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Wu
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Izzuddin M. Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Domingo-Bolio V, Medina-Vera I, Shamah-Levy T, Moreno-Macías L, Avila-Nava A. Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk by Waist-to-Height Ratio in School-Age Children. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:531-536. [PMID: 34520256 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are among the major public health problems worldwide. In Mexico, it has been reported in 2018 that 35.6% of children between 5 and 11 years old were overweight or obese. Central obesity is associated with the development of different complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). An important tool used to evaluate obesity is the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and values higher than 0.5 suggest the existence of cardiovascular risk (CVR). The aim of this study was to evaluate CVR by the WHtR in school-age children from Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: This study included a sample of school-age children between the ages of 10 and 13 years from public schools in Yucatan, Mexico. Anthropometric parameters such as body weight, height, body mass index z-score (zBMI), waist circumference, WHtR, and CVR were evaluated. Results: A total of 2559 children with a median age of 12.1 ± 0.57 years old were evaluated. The classification by height z score showed that 26.8% were of short height, 73.1% were of normal height, and 0.1% were of tall height. The prevalence of body weight excess determined by zBMI was 48%. The prevalence of normal weight was 44%, and the prevalence of body weight deficiencies was 8%. The CVR determined by WHtR was 47.5%. In the population with obesity, 63.3% had an increased risk of CVDs and 30.7% had a very high risk. Moreover, it was observed that 13.2% of the population with normal weight had an increased risk of CVDs. Conclusion: One out of two child 10 to 13 years of age is overweight or obese as defined with zBMI in Mexico. According to WHtR, almost half of this population is at increased CVR, while near two-third of child with obesity are at high or very high CVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Domingo-Bolio
- Dirección de Nutrición de los Servicios de Salud de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.,Escuela de Salud, Universidad Modelo, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, CDMX, México
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Lidia Moreno-Macías
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatán, México
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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15
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Corrêa MM, Borges MADS, Oliveira ERAD. Sleep duration and overweight: is there a relationship in adolescence? REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2021; 24:e210031. [PMID: 34076093 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720210031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and excess weight in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 65,837 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, enrolled in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Sleep duration was assessed by means of a questionnaire focusing on weekday and weekend hours of sleep. Nutritional status was assessed based on body mass index, and participants were classified according to age and gender. The statistical analysis was performed with the Stata 13 software, using the survey command. Poisson regression was used to determine the association of excess weight with sleep duration categories. RESULTS A decline in sleep duration was associated with advancing age. The prevalence of short and long-term sleep among adolescents was 17.9 and 3.6%, respectively, while overweight was diagnosed in 25.5% of the sample. Adolescents who reported having short sleep had 10% (PR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.06 - 1.15) more overweight, while those who reported sleeping more than 11 hours had approximately 12% (PR = 0.88; 95%CI 0.78 - 0.99) less excess weight. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce the assumption that insufficient sleep poses health risks, and encouraging regular and sufficient sleep may be a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of overweight in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Mara Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Collective Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Vitória (ES), Brazil.,Universitary Hospital Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - Vitória (ES), Brazil
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16
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Reproductive disorders in male rats induced by high-fructose consumption from juvenile age to puberty. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2021; 71:78-86. [PMID: 32597133 PMCID: PMC7837242 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that a hypercaloric, high-fructose diet can cause metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a whole range of other metabolic changes. In the context of androgen deficiency, MetS in boys merits special attention, but the effects of fructose-rich diet in youth on future male reproductive function are still poorly evidenced. The aim of this study was to address this issue and analyse the effects of high-fructose intake starting from weaning to puberty (postnatal day 23 up to 83) on the reproductive function of male rats. For this purpose juvenile male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: control and the group receiving 10 % fructose solution instead of drinking water. Reproductive function was evaluated in terms of fertility, sperm count, testes/epididymis morphology, and serum sex hormones. The fructose-treated group showed a decrease in testosterone and twofold increase in luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the serum. This was accompanied with lower testis/epididymis weights, sperm count, and changed testis/epididymis morphology. Their fertility remained unchanged, but the fertility of females mating with these males diminished. In addition, pre-implantation and post-implantation embryonic death rate rose in these females. Our results have confirmed that high fructose consumption from early age until puberty can impair the reproductive function of male rats, and call for further animal and epidemiological investigation.
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17
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Doom JR, Reid BM, Nagel E, Gahagan S, Demerath EW, Lumeng JC. Integrating anthropometric and cardiometabolic health methods in stress, early experiences, and development (SEED) science. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:593-621. [PMID: 32901949 PMCID: PMC8113013 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Within Stress, Early Experiences, and Development (SEED) science, there is a growing body of research demonstrating complex associations not only between stress, development, and psychopathology, but also with chronic disease risk factors. We argue that it is important for SEED researchers to consider including child anthropometric and physical health measures to more comprehensively capture processes of risk and resilience. Broader adoption of harmonized anthropometry and health measures in SEED research will facilitate collaborations, yielding larger datasets for research in high-risk populations, and greater opportunity to replicate existing findings. In this review, we identify optimal anthropometric and cardiometabolic health measurement methods used from infancy through adolescence, including those that are low-burden and inexpensive. Methods covered include: waist, hip, and head circumference, height, length, weight, pubertal development, body composition, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, carotid intima media thickness, and serum measures of cardiometabolic risk and inflammation. We provide resources for SEED researchers to integrate these methods into projects or to better understand these methods when reading the literature as well as where to find collaborators for more in-depth studies incorporating these measures. With broader integration of psychological and physical health measures in SEED research, we can better inform theory and interventions to promote health and resilience in individuals who have experienced early stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenalee R Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Brie M Reid
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emily Nagel
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Wu AJ, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Taveras EM, Hivert MF. Longitudinal associations of fruit juice intake in infancy with DXA-measured abdominal adiposity in mid-childhood and early adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:117-123. [PMID: 33829237 PMCID: PMC8246602 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive abdominal adiposity is associated with health risks in children and adults. Higher consumption of fruit juice and other sources of fructose has been shown to promote weight gain and specifically visceral adiposity in adulthood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of fruit juice intake in infancy with visceral adiposity in mid-childhood and early adolescence. METHODS We analyzed data from 783 participants in Project Viva, a US prebirth cohort. Our exposure was fruit juice intake at 1 y old. We measured visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT), and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT) in mid-childhood (mean age 7.8 ± 0.7 y) and early adolescence (13 ± 0.8 y) using DXA. We examined longitudinal associations of fruit juice intake at 1 y with VAT, SAAT, and TAAT area sex-specific standard deviation scores (SDSs) in mid-childhood and early adolescence using linear mixed models. We adjusted for child age at outcome, sex, race/ethnicity, age and BMI z-score at 1 y-questionnaire, maternal prepregnancy BMI, level of education, and prenatal sugar-sweetened beverage intake, paternal BMI, and median household income at birth. RESULTS After adjusting for child and parental covariates, each serving (120 mL) per day of fruit juice intake at 1 y was associated with persistently greater VAT area SDS (β = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.13) at both timepoints in boys and girls. The association of fruit juice intake with VAT appeared stronger than that with SAAT (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.09) and TAAT (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Higher fruit juice intake in infancy was associated with greater abdominal adiposity, particularly VAT, in mid-childhood and early adolescence. Our findings support limiting fruit juice intake in infancy, which can have later impact on visceral adiposity in childhood and adolescence.Clinical Trial Registry number: NCT02820402 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02820402).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li H, Ni L, Liu X. Age-specific markers of adiposity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 2021; 83:196-203. [PMID: 34044357 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adiposity can have varying effects on the individual depending upon its distribution pattern. We assessed age-related distribution of adipose tissue by anthropometric measures and bioelectrical impedance analysis, as well as their association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. METHODS Participants were 169 elderly (aged ≥ 65 years) and 142 non-elderly (aged < 65 years) referred for overnight polysomnography. The associations between obesity parameters and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were determine by univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to access the predicting performance of some parameters. RESULTS Compared with non-elderly, elderly showed higher conicity index and visceral adiposity (VA)/subcutaneous adiposity (SA), lower body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and SA. Multiple regression analyses revealed that VA and VA/SA were independently associated with AHI in elderly (explained 17.2% of the AHI 0.5 variability), while BMI and VA/SA were independently associated with AHI in non-elderly (explained 25.9% of the AHI 0.5 variability), after adjusting for age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and main comorbidities. In elderly, VA over 128 cm2 and VA/SA less than 0.41 resulted in sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 0.382, 0.790, 0.580 and 0.176, 0.947, 0.553 in predicting moderate-to-severe OSA, respectively. In non-elderly, BMI over 24.7 kg/m2 and VA/SA over 0.54 resulted in sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 0.883, 0.484, 0.704 and 0.550, 0.710, 0.667 in predicting moderate-to-severe OSA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS VA is strongly associated with OSA severity in elderly, independently of general obesity as per BMI standards, while general adiposity appears to be more strongly associated with OSA severity in non-elderly. Our study supports age-specific approaches should be developed with respect to prediction and treatment of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lianfang Ni
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
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Wu AJ, Rifas-Shiman SL, Taveras EM, Oken E, Hivert MF. Associations of DXA-measured abdominal adiposity with cardio-metabolic risk and related markers in early adolescence in Project Viva. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12704. [PMID: 32761791 PMCID: PMC7790849 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) precedes development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in adults. The associations of abdominal adiposity derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), including VAT, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT) with cardio-metabolic risk in adolescents are understudied. OBJECTIVES We examined the cross-sectional associations of DXA-measured abdominal adiposity with cardio-metabolic risk and related markers in early adolescence (mean [SD] age 13.0 [0.7] years). METHODS We collected data from 740 adolescents (374 girls and 366 boys) in Project Viva, a U.S. pre-birth cohort. We used DXA estimates of VAT, SAAT and TAAT area. We conducted overall and sex-stratified linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex (in overall models), race/ethnicity, puberty score and body mass index (BMI) z-score. RESULTS Mean BMI z-score was 0.59 (1.28). After adjustment, greater VAT (per 1 SD score) was associated with higher metabolic risk z-score (β 0.14 units; 95% CI 0.08, 0.20), higher log high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (β 0.51 mg/L; 0.36, 0.66) and log leptin (β 0.36 ng/mL; 0.27, 0.44), and lower log adiponectin (β -0.08 ug/mL; -0.13, -0.02). SAAT and TAAT showed similar associations as VAT with comparable or greater effect sizes. CONCLUSION In early adolescence, DXA-measured VAT, SAAT and TAAT are associated with cardio-metabolic risk and related markers, independent of current BMI. Among two adolescents with the same BMI, there is an associated higher cardio-metabolic risk in the adolescent with greater DXA-measured abdominal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Wu
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elsie M. Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Gao D, Li Y, Yang Z, Ma Y, Chen M, Dong Y, Zou Z, Ma J. The Association Between Single-Child Status and Risk of Abdominal Obesity: Result From a Cross-Sectional Study of China. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:697047. [PMID: 34490158 PMCID: PMC8417322 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.697047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity has become a serious problem threatening the health of children and adolescents, and China's one-child policy has affected family structure and parenting practice, which may result in several adverse health outcomes. The present study aims to investigate the association between single-child status and the risk of abdominal obesity in Chinese adolescents and also to compare the differences in the risk of unideal energy-related behaviors. Methods: Data were obtained from a school-based cross-sectional survey conducted in seven provinces of China, in 2012. A total of 31,291 students aged 7-17 years were recruited in this study. Anthropometric measurements were conducted to assess height and waist circumference, and questionnaires were used to obtain information of single-child status, parental educational attainment, parental weight status, and offspring energy-related behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of single-child status and odds of childhood abdominal obesity and energy-related behaviors. Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 18.2% in single children, which was higher than that of non-single children (13.7%). The prevalence was also higher in single children in different sex and residence subgroups. Logistic regression models showed that single children had 1.33 times (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.24-1.43, P < 0.001) higher odds of abdominal obesity compared to non-single children. Single children had 1.08 times higher odds of physical inactivity (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14, P = 0.004), 1.13 times higher odds of excessive sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.23, P = 0.002), and 1.08 times more likely to eat out (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13, P = 0.006). Those associations were more remarkable in single girls. Conclusion: Being a single child may be associated with a higher odds of childhood abdominal obesity and unhealthy energy-related behaviors. Future interventions and strategies to prevent abdominal obesity should focus on this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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RIBEIRO ARDAB, CARVALHO DFD, CANTALICE ADSC, SIMÕES MODS, TEIXEIRA A, MEDEIROS CCM. Association between breakfast omission and abdominal adiposity in low-income adolescents. REV NUTR 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202134e190245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To assess the association between breakfast omission, overweight/obesity, abdominal adiposity, and unhealthy lifestyle of low-income adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional population study involving 571 public school students aged between 15 and 19 years old. The habit of having breakfast was assessed using a form, checking the weekly frequency of a given meal and considered as breakfast omission when these adolescents did not have breakfast for at least 5 days in the past week. Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (sedentarism, physical activity level, and sleep duration) were also assessed. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index above a Z-score of +1, and the presence of abdominal adiposity was determined by a waist circumference/height ratio greater than 0.5. The association between breakfast omission and lifestyle variables was assessed using the chi-square test and a multivariate logistic regression of the anthropometric indicators. Results The omission of breakfast was found in 31% of the adolescents and was associated with physical inactivity (p<0.001). Regarding anthropometric indicators, breakfast omission was an independent factor for determining abdominal adiposity, with a 1.8 times greater chance of having this condition among those who omitted breakfast (p=0.037). Conclusions Omitting breakfast was frequent among the students assessed, and was associated with abdominal adiposity, a cardiometabolic risk factor. Investigation and early intervention are fundamental to change this behavior.
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Body Composition and a School Day Hydration State among Polish Children-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197181. [PMID: 33008100 PMCID: PMC7579491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Little is known on the relationship between obesity and hydration level in children. To explore the possible association between children’s hydration status and body composition, we conducted this cross-sectional study. Methods: The survey was carried out in 2018 in Preliminary and High Schools from the Malopolska Province, Poland. The study group consisted of 264 children aged 7–15 years. The level of hydration was assessed based on urine osmolality during a school day. The examined had anthropometric tests and body composition assessment (FM, BF%, FFM, TBW, TBW%). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a logistic regression analysis. Results: In the study group, 9.5% of the examined were overweight, 7.2% obese, and it referred more to the country than towns (p < 0.05). Improper hydration was found in 53% of children, and 16.3% of them were severely dehydrated during a school day (urine osmolality > 1000 mOsm/kgH2O). The level of dehydration was higher in children with excessive body fat (BF%) than in children with normal BF% [903.00 vs. 775 mOsm/kgH2O]. Older age (>10 y) showed inverse association with dehydration [OR 0.52 (95% CI; 0.28–0.99)] and excessed BF% showed 2.3-fold increase in odds of dehydration during a school day [OR 2.39 (95% CI; 1.15–4.94)]. Improper hydration was a risk factor of difficulties with concentration declared by students during a school day OR 2.85 (95% CI; 1.16–6.99). Conclusions: Attention should be paid to appropriate hydration especially in children with excessive body fat content who feature a higher risk of dehydration and fluid demand.
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Song Q, Huang T, Song J, Meng X, Li C, Wang Y, Wang H. Causal associations of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio with cardiometabolic traits among Chinese children: A Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1554-1563. [PMID: 32636122 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) have been reported to be causally associated with cardiometabolic diseases in adults in European populations. However, this causality was less explored in East Asian populations and in children. Our study aimed to explore and compare the causal associations of general obesity (measured by BMI) and central obesity (measured by WHR) with cardiometabolic traits. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in 2030 unrelated children from two independent case-control studies in Beijing, China. BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and WHR-SNPs identified by previous genome-wide association studies were used as genetic instruments to examine the casual associations of BMI and WHR with cardiometabolic traits, including glycemic traits, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Each 1-SD increase in BMI and WHR were significantly associated with 0.111 mmol/L and 0.110 mmol/L increase in log-transformed fasting insulin (FINS), 0.049 and 0.060 increase in log-transformed HOMA-β, 0.112 and 0.108 increase in log-transformed HOMA-IR, 0.009 mmol/L and 0.015 mmol/L increase in log-transformed triglyceride, and 15.527 mmHg and 7.277 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure, respectively (all P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that WHR had a stronger effect on FINS, HOMA-β, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride than BMI (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Using the MR method, we found that the genetic predisposition to higher BMI or WHR was associated with altered cardiometabolic traits in Chinese children. When compared with general obesity, central obesity might have stronger effects on glycemic traits and blood lipids among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jieyun Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Center for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population and Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Chenxiong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Danisi JM, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Vgontzas AN, Calhoun SL, He F, Liao D, Bixler EO. Association of visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation with sleep disordered breathing in normal weight, never obese adolescents. Sleep Med 2020; 69:103-108. [PMID: 32062036 PMCID: PMC7200279 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND While obesity is a known risk factor for sleep disordered breathing (SDB), a large proportion of children with SDB are not overweight as per body mass index percentile (BMI%) criteria. This study aimed to examine whether premorbid or concurrent adiposity phenotypes and inflammation are associated with SDB in normal weight youth. PATIENTS/METHODS A total of 242 persistently non-overweight (BMI%<85) subjects from the Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC, N = 421, 5-12 y at baseline and 12-23 y at follow-up), were studied. The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was ascertained via polysomnography (PSG) at both time points. At follow-up, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan assessed android and gynoid distribution and subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adiposity composition, while a fasting blood draw was assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Multivariable linear regression models with AHI at follow-up as primary outcome were adjusted for sex, race, adenotonsillectomy, age and AHI at baseline. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Increased waist circumference (β = 0.227, p = 0.001) at baseline, but not BMI%, neck or hip circumference, was significantly associated with a higher AHI at follow-up. VAT (β = 0.309, p < 0.001), IL-6 (β = 0.243, p < 0.001), SAT (β = 0.235, p = 0.013), CRP (β = 0.221, p = 0.001), and an android distribution (β = 0.196, p = 0.003) at follow-up were significantly associated with a higher AHI at follow-up. Childhood central adiposity predicts SDB in adolescence, even in individuals who have never been overweight since childhood as per BMI criteria. Visceral adiposity and inflammation are concurrent to adolescent SDB, which supports the clinical utility of these biomarkers in predicting its associated cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Danisi
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.
| | - Alexandros N Vgontzas
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Susan L Calhoun
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Fan He
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Edward O Bixler
- Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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AHMADI N, SADR SM, MOHAMMADI MR, MIRZAEI M, MEHRPARVAR AH, YASSINI ARDEKANI SM, SAREBANHASSANABADI M, NILFOROSHAN N, MOSTAFAVI SA. Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:360-368. [PMID: 32461944 PMCID: PMC7231702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome has been widely studied in the adult population, little is known about it in children and adolescents especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in Yazd Greater Area, Iran; over the period of 2016-2017. METHODS This study was part of a larger national study with a cross-sectional design. Using multistage cluster random sampling method, 1035 children, and adolescents of both sexes aged 6-18 yr were randomly selected from rural and urban districts in Yazd Greater Area, Iran. Components of metabolic syndrome, and anthropometry measured in the standard situation. RESULTS The prevalence of abdominal obesity in children 6-10 yr old was 13.2% in boys versus 24.7% in girls. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria in adolescents aged 10-18 yr old was 7.6% (9.4% in boys). The most prevalent metabolic syndrome components were low HDL-cholesterol (56.2%) and abdominal obesity (27.8%). CONCLUSION Comparatively, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Yazd is high. Low HDL-cholesterol levels and abdominal obesity were the most common component, and family history of heart disease, BMI, and male gender were the main determinants of metabolic syndrome in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran AHMADI
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmood SADR
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza MOHAMMADI
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud MIRZAEI
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang MEHRPARVAR
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Seyed-Ali MOSTAFAVI
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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Yang X, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Zhen S, Wen D. Complement C1q as a Potential Biomarker for Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:586440. [PMID: 33329392 PMCID: PMC7735390 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.586440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement C1q (C1q) has been confirmed to be related to obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and its components. However, human data regarding the associations are relatively scarce. This study aimed to investigate associations of C1q with obesity as well as MetS in Chinese adolescents. METHODS A total of 1,191 Chinese adolescents aged 13-18 years were enrolled in this study. The biochemical and anthropometric variables of all the subjects were evaluated using standardized procedures. C1q was measured using the immunoturbidometric assay. The relationship between C1q and obesity or MetS was analyzed using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Obesity was more prevalent among participants in the highest tertile than in the lowest tertile of C1q levels. The highest tertile of C1q was related to a greater effect on the risk of MetS, and its trend test was statistically significant. Except for hyperglycemia, the prevalence of other components of MetS significantly increased relative to an increase in C1q tertile. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of C1q for predicting adolescents with MetS illustrated that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76, 0.88; P<0.001] in the total population after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS This study observed a significantly higher prevalence of obesity and MetS features in adolescents with high C1q. The findings of the current study also reported a significant relationship between C1q levels and MetS components [except for fasting plasma glucose (FPG)] in Chinese adolescents. C1q may represent a biomarker for predicting obesity or MetS in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Yang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shihan Zhen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jin B, Lin H, Yuan J, Dong G, Huang K, Wu W, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang J, Liang X, Dai Y, Xu X, Zhou X, Zhu M, Li G, Cutfield WS, Hofman PL, Derraik JGB, Fu J. Abdominal Adiposity and Total Body Fat as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:579. [PMID: 33013688 PMCID: PMC7498567 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to assess the role of adipose tissue distribution in cardiometabolic risk (in particular insulin sensitivity) in a population of children and adolescents with obesity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 479 children and adolescents with obesity (322 boys and 157 girls) aged 3 to 18 years attending the Children's Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China). Clinical assessments included anthropometry, body composition (DXA scans), carotid artery ultrasounds, and OGTT. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the Matsuda index. Participants were stratified into groups by sex and pubertal stage. Key predictors were DXA-derived android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G) and total body fat percentage (TBF%). Results: Irrespective of sex and pubertal stage, there was a strong association between increasing A/G (i.e., greater abdominal adiposity) and lower insulin sensitivity. In multivariable models, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with a reduction in insulin sensitivity in prepubertal boys [-29% (95% CI -36%, -20%); p < 0.0001], pubertal boys [-13% (95% CI -21%, -6%); p = 0.001], and pubertal girls [-16% (95% CI -24%, -6%); p = 0.002]. In contrast, TBF% was not associated with insulin sensitivity when A/G was adjusted for, irrespective of pubertal stage or sex. In addition, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with increased likelihood of dyslipidemia in prepubertal boys [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.62 (95% CI 1.05, 2.49)], impaired glucose tolerance in pubertal boys [aOR 1.64 (95% CI 1.07, 2.51)] and pubertal girls [aOR 1.81 (95% CI 1.10, 2.98)], and odds of NAFLD in both prepubertal [aOR 2.57 (95% CI 1.56, 4.21)] and pubertal [aOR 1.69 (95% CI 1.18, 2.40)] boys. In contrast, higher TBF% was only associated with higher fasting insulin and ALT in pubertal boys, being also predictive of NAFLD in this group [aOR 1.15 per percentage point (95% CI 1.06, 1.26)], but was not associated with the likelihood of other cardiometabolic outcomes assessed in any group. Conclusions: A/G is a much stronger independent predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity in China, particularly glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinna Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangli Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wayne S. Cutfield
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start – National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul L. Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G. B. Derraik
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start – National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: José G. B. Derraik
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Junfen Fu ;
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Šoštarič A, Jenko B, Kozjek NR, Ovijač D, Šuput D, Milisav I, Dolžan V. Detection of metabolic syndrome burden in healthy young adults may enable timely introduction of disease prevention. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1184-1194. [PMID: 31572463 PMCID: PMC6764305 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome and associated diseases are a global health problem. Detection of early metabolic modifications that may lead to metabolic syndrome would enable timely introduction of preventive lifestyle modifications. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total 103 young, healthy adults were assessed for indicators of metabolic alterations. Anthropometric, lifestyle, genetic and biochemical parameters were assessed. Individuals who fulfilled at least one criterion for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were assigned to the group with the higher metabolic syndrome burden (B-MeS). RESULTS The 34 young healthy individuals who were assigned to the B-MeS group had lower fat-free mass, higher body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and blood pressure, more visceral fat, they were less physically active, had higher C-reactive protein values and higher catalase activity. Their phenotype was more similar to that of patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome than the rest of the population. CONCLUSIONS Simple anthropometric measurements, lifestyle assessment and basic biochemical measurements can be used to identify young healthy individuals with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. These assessments can be performed at periodic check-ups of the healthy population so that timely diagnosis of B-MeS can be made. As lifestyle factors have a big influence on development or improvement of the MeS, the timely diagnosis for B-MeS would enable an early opportunity for intervention for lifestyle modification in the still healthy population, saving costs and reducing disability adjusted life years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Šoštarič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Rotovnik Kozjek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Ovijač
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušan Šuput
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irina Milisav
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Cioffi CE, Alvarez JA, Welsh JA, Vos MB. Truncal-to-leg fat ratio and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in US adolescents: NHANES 2003-2006. Pediatr Obes 2019; 14:e12509. [PMID: 30682733 PMCID: PMC6546534 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to describe patterns of truncal versus peripheral fat deposition measured by truncal-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) in adolescents and examine associations of TLR with cardiometabolic (CMD) risk factors. METHODS Data were from 3810 adolescents (12-19 years old) in the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006. Body fat was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and CMD risk factors were determined by blood samples and physical examination. Linear and logistic regressions adjusted for BMI z-score and other covariates were used to examine associations of TLR with CMD risk factors as continuous and dichotomized outcomes, respectively. RESULTS Adolescents who were Mexican American, who have lower income, and with obesity had the highest mean TLR (all p < 0.05). In linear regression, increasing TLR was associated positively with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (BP), c-reactive protein, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in both sexes (p < 0.05). TLR was also associated with diastolic BP in boys and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in girls (p < 0.05). A similar pattern of findings resulted from logistic regression. When further stratified by race/ethnicity, TLR was positively associated with high triglycerides, total cholesterol, and ALT for White and/or Mexican American (p < 0.05), but not Black adolescents, while associations with HOMA-IR and HDL were significant for all race/ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of adolescents, TLR was associated with several risk factors independent of BMI z-score, although some findings were sex or race/ethnicity specific. Body fat distribution may be an important determinant of future CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Cioffi
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; Laney Graduate
School; Emory University; Atlanta, GA, 30322,CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Catherine Cioffi, RD; 1760
Haygood Drive NE; Health Sciences Research Building; Suite W-440B; Emory
University; Atlanta, GA, 30322.
| | - Jessica A. Alvarez
- Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes
and Lipids; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Jean A. Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics; Emory University School of
Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30322,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta; Atlanta, GA,
30322
| | - Miriam B. Vos
- Department of Pediatrics; Emory University School of
Medicine; Atlanta, GA, 30322,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta; Atlanta, GA,
30322
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Khan MA, Shah SM, Shehab A, Ghosal S, Muhairi SJ, Al-Rifai RH, Al Maskari F, Alkaabi J, Nauman J. Screen time and metabolic syndrome among expatriate adolescents in the United Arab Emirates. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2565-2569. [PMID: 31405677 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both screen time and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with health outcomes. However, limited data exist on the association between screen time and MetS among expatriate adolescents living in United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional school-based study on 473 expatriate adolescents (47% girls) aged 12-18 years in Al-Ain district of Abu Dhabi Emirates in the UAE. Data was collected with the expertise of trained nurses & IDF criteria was used to define MetS. Information on screen time (computer, television, and video game use combined) during a regular day was self-reported, and divided into two categories: <2, or ≥2 h per day. Using logistic regression analyses, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association between screen time and MetS. RESULTS A high proportion of adolescents (75.3%) spent ≥2 h daily on screen. The prevalence of MetS was 8.5% in those with <2 h per day of screen time compared with 13.5% in those who reported ≥2 h per day. There was a graded positive association between screen time and MetS (P-trend = 0.01). Each hour increase in screen time was associated with 21% (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.35) greater likelihood of having MetS. The adjusted OR value associated with ≥2 h of daily screen time was 2.20 (95% CI, 1.04-4.67), compared with adolescents who spent less than 2 h of daily screen time. CONCLUSION Higher screen time by expatriate adolescents was associated with increased likelihood of having MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moien Ab Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed M Shah
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Shehab
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shamma J Muhairi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami H Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Al Maskari
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juma Alkaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javaid Nauman
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Mastroeni SSDBS, Mastroeni MF, Ekwaru JP, Setayeshgar S, Veugelers PJ, Gonçalves MDC, Rondó PHDC. Anthropometric measurements as a potential non-invasive alternative for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:30-39. [PMID: 30864629 PMCID: PMC10118845 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify which anthropometric measurement would be the best predictor of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Brazilian adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted on 222 adolescents (15-17 years) from a city in southern Brazil. Anthropometric, physical activity, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were investigated. MetS criteria were transformed into a continuous variable (MetS score). Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of BMI, hip circumference, neck circumference (NC), triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and body fat percentage with MetS score. ROC curves were constructed to determine the cutoff for each anthropometric measurement. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 7.2%. Each anthropometric measurement was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with MetS score. After adjusting for potential confounding variables (age, sex, physical activity, and maternal education), the standardized coefficients of NC and body fat percentage appeared to have the strongest association (beta = 0.69 standard deviation) with MetS score. The regression of BMI provided the best model fit (adjusted R2 = 0.31). BMI predicted MetS with high sensitivity (100.0%) and specificity (86.4%). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BMI and NC are effective screening tools for MetS in adolescents. The early diagnosis of MetS combined with targeted lifestyle interventions in adolescence may help reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara Salete de Barros Silva Mastroeni
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille), Joinville, SC, Brasil.,Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco Fabio Mastroeni
- Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille), Joinville, SC, Brasil
| | - John Paul Ekwaru
- Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Solmaz Setayeshgar
- Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul J Veugelers
- Population Health Intervention Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Risk Factors and Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity among Upper-Secondary Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101750. [PMID: 31108859 PMCID: PMC6572187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate eating habits, as well as a low level of physical activity, influence adipose tissue deposition. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of central obesity in upper-secondary students and to determine the factors related to its occurrence. The survey included 309 participants, aged 16 to 18 years from Krakow (Poland). Anthropometric measurements were taken during the periodic assessment of students’ health status. An anonymous questionnaire was used to assess the nutritional and non-nutritional risk factors of participants. According to different methods of measurement, abdominal obesity (AO) was observed in 15.5% (WC—waist circumference), 10.7% (WHtR—waist to height ratio) or 21.7% (WHR—waist to hip ratio) participants. Abdominal obesity (WC) was significantly associated with family history of excess body weight and higher economic status of the family. The risk of AO (WC) was significantly lower among adolescents who declared higher physical activity. Boys who eat first breakfasts have lower AO risk according to WHtR interpretation. Abdominal obesity in gender group was related to the self-esteem of one’s own appearance according to WHtR and WC. Abdominal obesity was associated with the family environment and modifiable lifestyle factors and was dependent on gender.
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Lätt E, Mäestu J, Jürimäe J. Longitudinal associations of android and gynoid fat mass on cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal weight and overweight boys during puberty. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23171. [PMID: 30099806 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess associations between android and gynoid fat distribution and different cardiovascular disease risk factors in normal weight as well as overweight/obese boys during the pubertal period. METHODS In total, 146 boys (baseline age 11.9 ±0.6 years) were recruited for a 2-year longitudinal study. Total body fat percentage and android-gynoid fat distribution were measured using DXA. In addition, waist and hip circumference was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and glucose were measured, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Tanner stage and physical activity were assessed as covariates. RESULTS Overweight subjects had worse values for most of the measured blood parameters (P <0.05). Higher android, gynoid fat mass (FM), and android/gynoid FM ratio were longitudinally associated with higher insulin and HOMA-IR values in both normal weight and overweight boys (P <0.05). In addition, higher android FM and gynoid FM were associated with worse values in HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in overweight boys (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher android as well as gynoid fat have a strong impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in both normal weight and overweight boys during the pubertal period. It can be suggested that measurement of fat distribution as android and gynoid fat is important for the assessment of the development or burden of metabolic diseases in boys with different weight statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lätt
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Lim HH. Sleep duration independently influences metabolic body size phenotype in children and adolescents: a population-based study. Sleep Med 2018; 42:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mellendick K, Shanahan L, Wideman L, Calkins S, Keane S, Lovelady C. Diets Rich in Fruits and Vegetables Are Associated with Lower Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescents. Nutrients 2018; 10:E136. [PMID: 29382069 PMCID: PMC5852712 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are public health concerns in adolescents, yet few studies have examined the association of their diet to CVD risk factors. This study investigated associations between diet, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), and blood lipids in 163 16-17 year olds. Diet recall data were converted into Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI) to assess diet quality. Differences in diet between groups with normal or obese BMI, normal or hypertensive BP, and normal or altered lipids were determined. Associations between diet and BMI, WC, BP, and lipids, controlling for race, gender, and socioeconomic status, were examined. Mean HEI was 49.2 (±12.0), with no differences observed between groups. HEI was not associated with any CVD risk. Sweetened beverage consumption was higher in obese adolescents, and positively related to total cholesterol (TC). Fruit intake was negatively related to BMI and diastolic BP. Total vegetable intake was negatively related to systolic BP. Greens and beans were negatively related to TC and LDL. Whole grains were negatively related to HDL. This research suggests a cardioprotective effect of diets rich in fruits and vegetables, as well as low in sweetened beverages in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan Mellendick
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Susan Calkins
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Susan Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Cheryl Lovelady
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
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Wu YT, Luo QQ, Li X, Arshad B, Xu Z, Ran L, Zhao CX, Wu H, Shi YL, Chen HR, Li H, Li HY, Wu KN, Kong LQ. Clinical study on the prevalence and comparative analysis of metabolic syndrome and its components among Chinese breast cancer women and control population. J Cancer 2018; 9:548-555. [PMID: 29483960 PMCID: PMC5820922 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has been previously identified as a risk factor for breast cancer and is increasingly a public health concern. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among primary breast cancer and control population. The clinical data of metabolic syndrome and its components in the breast cancer (605 cases) and control population (3212 cases), from Breast Cancer Center and Physical Examination Center of Chongqing, China, from July 2015 to February 2017, were collected for comparative analysis. This study was prospectively registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/, number: ChiCTR-OOB-15007543). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in breast cancer (32.6%) was obviously higher than that in control population (18.2%) (p<0.001; OR: 2.173, 95%CI: 1.793 to 2.633). With age stratification, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in breast cancer group aged below 60 years (24.9%, p<0.001; OR: 2.216, 95%CI: 1.744 to 2.816) and equal/above 60 years (58.3%, p<0.001; OR: 2.291, 95%CI: 1.580 to 3.322) were also statistically higher than those (13.0% & 37.9%) in control population, respectively. Breast cancer women were more likely to have preobese (BMI 25.0-29.9) or obesity (BMI ≥30.0), broader waist circumference, lower HDL-C level, higher systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure and higher fasting blood glucose level compared to the control population, corresponding prevalence were 31.7%vs.19.4%, 76.0%vs.29.6%, 37.4%vs.30.4%, 34.2%/27.3%vs.27.6%/14.2% and 25.0%vs.20.1%, respectively (p<0.01). In summary, there is high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese breast cancer women, and metabolic syndrome is closely related with breast cancer. Therefore, screening and prevention strategy of metabolic syndrome should be carried out in the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tuan Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bilal Arshad
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liang Ran
- Department of Physical Examination, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - He Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan-Ling Shi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao-Ran Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai-Nan Wu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling-Quan Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Casagrande D, Waib PH, Sgarbi JA. Increase in the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Brazilian school children (2000-2015). Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2017; 4:133-137. [PMID: 30805517 PMCID: PMC6372567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents is a public health concern. Few studies have critically evaluated this problem in a Brazilian population, despite the growth of community-based programs to combat childhood obesity in this country. OBJECTIVE To study the anthropometrics of Brazilian adolescents over a fifteen-year period. METHODS In a cross-sectional analysis, we investigated the anthropometric status of male and female adolescents in Brazil. The anthropometric data and nutritional status of 595 schoolchildren in the year 2000 were compared to 636 schoolchildren in 2015. RESULTS We found a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight or obese adolescents in 2015 compared to 2000 (23.4% vs. 18.3%, p = .027). A sub-analysis stratified by sex showed that this increase only occurred in females. No statistically significant difference was observed in body mass index between the groups. Waist circumference (73.5 cm vs. 77 cm, p < .001) and the prevalence of abdominal obesity (30% vs. 47.9%, p < .001) were significantly greater in 2015, regardless of sex. CONCLUSION Overweight or obese children, as well as abdominal obesity were more prevalent in 2015 than in preceding decades. This is a worrying trend as abdominal obesity increases the risk for cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Casagrande
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Marília Medical School, SP, Brazil
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Alves Junior CA, Mocellin MC, Gonçalves ECA, Silva DA, Trindade EB. Anthropometric Indicators as Body Fat Discriminators in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:718-727. [PMID: 28916572 PMCID: PMC5593108 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the discriminatory capacity of anthropometric indicators for body fat in children and adolescents. This systematic review and meta-analysis included cross-sectional and clinical studies comprising children and adolescents aged 2-19 y that tested the discriminatory value for body fat measured by anthropometric methods or indexes generated by anthropometric variables compared with precision methods in the diagnosis of body fat [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography, air displacement plethysmography (ADP), or MRI]. Five studies met the eligibility criteria and presented high methodologic quality. The anthropometric indicators that had high discriminatory power to identify high body fat were body mass index (BMI) in males [area under the curve (AUC): 0.975] and females (AUC: 0.947), waist circumference (WC) in males (AUC: 0.975) and females (AUC: 0.959), and the waist-to-height ratio (WTHR) in males (AUC: 0.897) and females (AUC: 0.914). BMI, WC, and WTHR can be used by health professionals to assess body fat in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos As Alves Junior
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Michel C Mocellin
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eliane C Andrade Gonçalves
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diego As Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Erasmo Bsm Trindade
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Association between individual fat depots and cardio-metabolic traits in normal- and overweight children, adolescents and adults. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e267. [PMID: 28481336 PMCID: PMC5518802 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine age-related associations between fat mass (FM), regional fat depots and cardiometabolic traits in normal- and overweight children, adolescents and adults. METHODS Detailed body composition (regional subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue; SAT, VAT) by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), FM and fat-free mass by air-displacement plethysmography, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), plasma glucose and plasma insulin were measured in 433 subjects (BMI: 23.6 (21.0-27.7); 151 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years, 150 young adults, aged 18-30 years and 132 adults, aged 30-60 years). Data were derived from pooled data of the 'Reference Center for Body Composition' in Kiel, Germany. Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Partial correlations and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between body composition and cardiometabolic traits. A descriptive approach was used to demonstrate age-dependent differences in associations between body fat depots and insulin resistance, independent of BMI. RESULTS FM, SAT, and VAT increased from childhood to adulthood with low VAT in children and adolescents. When compared to children, TG was higher in adults. HDL and DBP did not differ between age groups. Insulin resistance was highest in male adolescents and female young adults. Associations between body fat depots and cardiometabolic traits were seen after puberty with no associations in pre- and intrapubertal children. When compared to FM, SAT and VAT had the strongest association with insulin resistance in adults. This association was independent of BMI. CONCLUSIONS Associations between individual body fat depots and most cardiometabolic traits became evident after puberty only. The strongest associations were observed between insulin resistance and abdominal fat in adults. The impact of VAT was independent of BMI.
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Association of body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis with metabolic risk factor clustering among middle-aged Chinese. Prev Med Rep 2017; 6:191-196. [PMID: 28367400 PMCID: PMC5369856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Body composition monitor (BCM) based on the bioelectric impedance analysis is very convenient to use. However, whether percentage body fat (PBF) and visceral fat index (VFI) that acquired by BCM are superior to anthropometric measures is unknown. The study explored whether PBF and VFI are better than anthropometric indexes [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist circumference to height ratio(WHtR)] in predicating metabolic risk factor clustering in a representive sample across China which included 9574 Chinese men and women that were investigated in 2009–2010. PBF and VFI were compared with the BMI, WC, and WHtR through the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression. The results showed that the AUC for VFI was higher than BMI and PBF but lower than WHtR and WC in both men and Women. The AUC for WHtR, WC, VFI, BMI and PBF was 0.710, 0.706, 0.700, 0.693, 0.656 in men and 0.705, 0.699, 0.698, 0.675, 0.657 in women, respectively. After adjusting for the potential confounding factors, the odds ratios (ORs) tended to increase with all the indexes. The curve of ORs for WHtR was steepest and the curve for PBF was flattest in both men and women; the curve for VFI was similar to WC in women, but flatter than WC in men. From the data we concluded that VFI seems better than BMI and PBF, but not superior to WC and WHtR in predicating metabolic risk factor clustering in the middle-aged Chinese. Controversy remains with regard to the best index for diagnosis of obesity. A representive sample of 9574 middle-aged Chinese across China were analyzed. The value of Visceral fat index (VFI) and percentage body fat (PBF) were explored. VFI seems better than BMI and PBF in predicating metabolic risk factor clustering. VFI is not superior to WC and WHtR in predicating metabolic risk factor clustering.
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Delgado-Floody P, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Jérez-Mayorga D, Cofré-Lizama A, Osorio-Poblete A, Campos-Jara C, Guzmán-Guzmán I, Martínez-Salazar C, Carcamo-Oyarzun J. Obesidad, autoestima y condición física en escolares. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v65n1.57063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un problema grave de salud pública, ya que genera resultados adversos para la salud física y mental.Objetivo. Relacionar el estado nutricional con los niveles de autoestima y rendimiento físico en escolares de 8 a 10 años de edad.Materiales y métodos. Participaron 236 escolares: 117 hombres y 119 mujeres, de entre 8 y 10 años de edad, pertenecientes a dos colegios del municipio de Temuco con carácter estatal-municipal. Se evaluó peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de masa/grasa, contorno cintura, condición física, horas de ejercicio físico a la semana y autoestima.Resultados. El 43.6% de los escolares presentó malnutrición por exceso. Los categorizados como obesos (19%) presentaron niveles superiores en masa grasa y contorno cintura (p<0.001), además obtuvieron un rendimiento físico menor (p<0.05). Las horas realizadas de ejercicio físico a la semana y el nivel de autoestima fueron menores en lo escolares obesos, pero estos no alcanzaron significancia (p≥ 0.05).Conclusiones. La obesidad en edad escolar pone de manifiesto alteraciones asociadas con el rendimiento físico, la masa grasa y las tendencias negativas sobre la autoestima. A pesar de ser una etapa temprana, se pueden apreciar las consecuencias asociadas a esta condición.
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Abstract
Insufficient hepatic O2 in animal and human studies has been shown to elicit a hepatorenal reflex in response to increased hepatic adenosine, resulting in the stimulation of renal as well as muscle sympathetic nerve activity and activating the renin angiotensin system. Low hepatic ATP, hyperuricemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation reported in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients may reflect insufficient hepatic O2 delivery, potentially accounting for the sympathetic overdrive associated with MetS. This theoretical concept is supported by experimental results in animals fed a high fructose diet to induce MetS. Hepatic fructose metabolism rapidly consumes ATP resulting in increased adenosine production and hyperuricemia as well as elevated renin release and sympathetic activity. This review makes the case for the hepatorenal reflex causing sympathetic overdrive and metabolic syndrome in response to exaggerated splanchnic oxygen consumption from excessive eating. This is strongly reinforced by the fact that MetS is cured in a matter of days in a significant percentage of patients by diet, bariatric surgery, or endoluminal sleeve, all of which would decrease splanchnic oxygen demand by limiting nutrient contact with the mucosa and reducing the nutrient load due to loss of appetite or dietary restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wider
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
Insufficient hepatic O2 in animal and human studies has been shown to elicit a hepatorenal reflex in response to increased hepatic adenosine, resulting in stimulation of renal as well as muscle sympathetic nerve activity and activating the renin angiotensin system. Low hepatic ATP, hyperuricemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation reported in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients may reflect insufficient hepatic O2 delivery, potentially accounting for the sympathetic overdrive associated with MetS. This theoretical concept is supported by experimental results in animals fed a high fructose diet to induce MetS. Hepatic fructose metabolism rapidly consumes ATP resulting in increased adenosine production and hyperuricemia as well as elevated renin release and sympathetic activity. This review makes the case for the hepatorenal reflex causing sympathetic overdrive and metabolic syndrome in response to exaggerated splanchnic oxygen consumption from excessive eating. This is strongly reinforced by the fact that MetS is cured in a matter of days in a significant percentage of patients by diet, bariatric surgery, or endoluminal sleeve, all of which would decrease splanchnic oxygen demand by limiting nutrient contact with the mucosa and reducing the nutrient load due to the loss of appetite or dietary restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wider
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Poulimeneas D, Grammatikopoulou MG, Dimitrakopoulos L, Kotsias E, Gerothanasi D, Kiranas ER, Tsigga M. Regional differences in the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among 13-year-old adolescents in Greece. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2016; 3:153-161. [PMID: 30805486 PMCID: PMC6372457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives To assess regional differences in the weight status and abdominal obesity among 13-year-old Greek adolescents. Design and setting Cross-sectional, nationwide study in Greece. Patients and methods A representative sample of 4833 13-year-old adolescents (50.7% boys) was recruited throughout the nine regional districts of Greece from 2010 to 2012. Basic anthropometry measurements (weight, height, and waist circumference) were obtained. Abdominal obesity and weight status were assessed according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Results The majority of the sample had a healthy body weight (60.3%), 4.1% were underweight, 27.2% were overweight, and 8.5% were obese. For boys, the highest prevalence of underweight was recorded in Epirus, normal body weight on the Ionian Islands, overweight in Central Greece and Macedonia, and obesity on the Ionian Islands. Among girls, the highest underweight prevalence was on the Ionian Islands, normal body weight in Macedonia, overweight in Central Greece and Macedonia, and obesity in Crete. Abdominal obesity affected 12.9% of the sample, with the greatest prevalence among Cretan boys and Thracian girls. Additionally, residing on the Greek islands was associated with a higher prevalence of central adiposity. Conclusion Greek 13-year-old adolescents who are subjected to geographical changes exhibit high obesity and abdominal obesity rates. This study provides evidence to design regionally tailored interventions that aim to tackle and prevent the disease among the nine regional districts in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Poulimeneas
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Corresponding author. Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Sindos PO Box 141, Thessaloniki, GR57400, Greece. Tel.: +30 2310013584.
| | | | - Emma Kotsias
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dina Gerothanasi
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios R. Kiranas
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Tsigga
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Castro JAC, Nunes HEG, Silva DAS. Prevalence of abdominal obesity in adolescents: association between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2016. [PMID: 26993748 PMCID: PMC5178121 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppede.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Chula Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Heloyse Elaine Gimenes Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
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Assessment of body composition in Wistar rat offspring by DXA in relation to prenatal and postnatal nutritional manipulation. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:319-25. [PMID: 27057736 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experimental study aims to investigate the impact of combinations of prenatal and postnatal food manipulation on body composition in rat offspring. METHODS On day 12 of gestation, 100 timed pregnant rats were randomized into two nutritional groups: standard laboratory and 50% starved. Pups born to starved mothers were subdivided, based on birthweight (BiW), into fetal growth restricted (FGR) and non-FGR. Pups were born on day 21, cross-fostered, then left undisturbed lactating until the 26th postnatal day when they underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination. RESULTS Prenatally control-fed animals had a significantly greater body weight at 26 d postnatally than the prenatally starved groups, irrespective of their postnatal diet (P < 0.001). Postnatal control diet was associated with significantly increased abdominal and total fat in non-FGR compared to FGR rats (P < 0.001). non-FGR/CONTROL rats showed higher values of abdominal fat than prenatally starved animals that were starved postnatally irrespective of their birth weight (P < 0.001). Postnatal control diet significantly increased total bone mineral content (BMC), head BMC, head area, abdominal BMC in non-FGR compared to FGR rats (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Interaction between prenatal and postnatal nutrition affects growth, abdominal adiposity, and bone accrual in Wistar rats' offspring at 26 d of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hind
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure (ISPAL), Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
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VISSERS DIRK, HENS WENDY, HANSEN DOMINIQUE, TAEYMANS JAN. The Effect of Diet or Exercise on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Overweight Youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1415-24. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Castro JAC, Nunes HEG, Silva DAS. Prevalence of abdominal obesity in adolescents: association between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2016; 34:343-51. [PMID: 26993748 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of abdominal obesity and verify the association with sociodemographic factors (gender, school shift, ethnicity, age, maternal education and economic status) and lifestyle (alcohol consumption, sleep, soft drink consumption, level of physical activity and sedentary behavior) in adolescents in Southern Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 930 adolescents (490 girls) aged 14 to 19 years, living in the city of São José, SC, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Abdominal obesity was measured through the waist circumference and analyzed according to gender and age. Descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean and standard deviation) and binary logistic regression, expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were employed, with p<0.05 being considered statistically significant; the SPSS 17.0 software was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 10.6% for the total sample (10.5% male, 10.8% female). Adolescents that watched television daily for two or more hours (OR=2.11, 95%CI 1.08 to 4.13) had a higher chance of having abdominal obesity and adolescents whose mothers had fewer than eight years of schooling (OR=0.56; 95%CI from 0.35 to 0.91) had a lower chance of having abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one in 10 adolescents had abdominal obesity; the associated factors were maternal schooling (≥8 years) and television screen time (≥2hours/day).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Chula Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Heloyse Elaine Gimenes Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
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