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Rudra S, McManus S, Hassiotis A, Ali A. Mental health and service use of parents with and without borderline intellectual functioning. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1294-1308. [PMID: 37877259 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) encounter greater social adversities than the general population and have an increased prevalence of mental illness. However, little is known about the socio-demographic characteristics and mental health of parents with BIF. METHODS A secondary data analysis of the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014 was conducted. Logistic regression models were fitted to compare differences in socio-demographic, mental health and service-use characteristics between parents and non-parents with and without BIF, and to investigate if the relationship between parent status and mental health outcomes was modified by BIF status, sex, and employment. RESULTS Data from 6872 participants was analyzed; 69.1% were parents. BIF parents had higher odds of common mental disorder, severe mental illness, post-traumatic stress disorder, self-harm/suicide and were more likely to see their General Practitioner (GP) and to receive mental health treatment than non-BIF parents. BIF parents did not have a higher prevalence of mental health problems than BIF non-parents. Being a parent, after adjusting for BIF status and other confounders, was associated with increased odds of having a common mental disorder, visits to see a GP and treatment for mental health. Female parents had higher odds of treatment for mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS Being a parent is associated with elevated rates of common mental disorders. There is a higher burden of mental health problems and service use in people with BIF. A greater provision of specialist support services including ascertainment is indicated for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally McManus
- City University and NatCen Associate; NatCen Social Research, London, UK
| | | | - Afia Ali
- Queen Mary University of London, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, London, UK
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Douglass E, Johnson C, Lucas G, Dowling S. "Work with us… to make it more accessible". What women with intellectual disabilities want from infant-feeding health resources: an exploratory study. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:67. [PMID: 38066508 PMCID: PMC10704706 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More women with intellectual disabilities are becoming mothers but fewer are known to breastfeed compared with other women. Women with intellectual disabilities are entitled to accessible antenatal and infant feeding information, yet are rarely asked for their views on available resources. This article reports on the final stage of a UK project exploring how women with intellectual disabilities are supported to make infant feeding decisions. The wider project includes a scoping review and interviews with healthcare professionals, here we focus on the voices of the women themselves. METHODS Four women with an intellectual disability participated in a focus group where they were asked to give their views on the accessibility of currently available infant feeding resources and on alternative representations of infant feeding. All were interested in women's health issues, including infant feeding. Photo-elicitation was used to gather views on videos, bespoke 'Easy Read' material and several alternative representations of infant feeding. A transcription of the discussion was thematically analysed whilst a critical visual analysis was undertaken of the women's preferred images/resources. The study took place in Bristol, UK, during 2022. RESULTS Two themes were identified from the group discussion: 'The desire for choice' and 'How easy is 'Easy Read'?' The desire for choice was expressed in terms through agreements and disagreements about preferred imagery, differing tastes, and reasons for these preferences. We identified a challenge to 'Easy Read' as a default standard and concerns that some forms of 'Easy Read' can confuse rather than inform. Critical visual analysis identified the importance of the story and social setting of the preferred infant feeding image. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a need for a suite of resources, avoiding the one-size-fits-all approach, including people with an intellectual disability at every stage of the design and production process. Resources should recognise and embrace differences in terms of understanding, visual literacy and cultural taste, as well as being freely available to support women with intellectual disabilities to make informed infant feeding decisions. An accessible film was co-produced, to disseminate the findings from all three stages of the completed project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Douglass
- School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 1DD, UK
| | - Clare Johnson
- School of Arts, College of Arts, Technology and Environment, University of the West of England Bristol, City Campus, Arnolfini, 6 Narrow Quay, Bristol, BS1 4QA, UK
| | - Geraldine Lucas
- School of Health and Social Wellbeing, College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 1DD, UK
| | - Sally Dowling
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 69 St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK.
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Mitchell L, Vellanki B, Tang L, Hunter K, Finnegan A, Swartz JJ, Huchko M. Contraceptive Provision to Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Enrolled in Medicaid. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 142:1477-1485. [PMID: 38051293 PMCID: PMC10642699 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare contraceptive provision to women with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid. METHODS Our retrospective cohort study used 2019 North Carolina Medicaid claims to identify women aged 15-44 years with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities at risk for pregnancy who were continuously enrolled during 2019 or had Family Planning Medicaid with at least one claim. We calculated the proportion in each cohort who received 1) most or moderately effective contraception, 2) long-acting reversible contraception, 3) short-acting contraception, and 4) individual methods. We classified contraceptive receipt by procedure type and disaggregated across sociodemographic characteristics. Adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, and urban or rural setting, we constructed logistic regression models to estimate most or moderately effective contraceptive provision odds by intellectual and developmental disability status and by level or type of intellectual and developmental disability. We performed subanalyses to estimate co-occurrence of provision and menstrual disorders. RESULTS Among 9,508 women with intellectual and developmental disabilities and 299,978 without, a significantly smaller proportion with intellectual and developmental disabilities received most or moderately effective contraception (30.1% vs 36.3%, P <.001). With the exception of injectable contraception, this trend was consistent across all measures and remained statistically significant after controlling for race, ethnicity, age, and urban or rural status (adjusted odds ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.72-0.79; P <.001). Among those who received most or moderately effective contraception, a significantly greater proportion of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities had co-occurring menstrual disorders (31.3% vs 24.3%, P <.001). CONCLUSION These findings suggest disparities in contraceptive provision and potential differences in clinical indication by intellectual and developmental disability status. Future studies should investigate reasons for and barriers to contraceptive use among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Mitchell
- Duke Global Health Institute, the Sanford School of Public Policy, the Department of Political Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Center for Global Reproductive Health, Duke University, Durham, and IntraHealth International, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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4
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Booth EJ, Kitsantas P, Min H, Pollack AZ. Opioids and Disability Among Women of Reproductive Age. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:1751-1762. [PMID: 36126295 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite nearly one in five U.S. women of reproductive age reporting a disability, limited research exists on opioid behaviors in this vulnerable population. This study examined associations between disability and past-year prescription opioid use and misuse, and described types of opioids, sources, and motives for opioid misuse among nonpregnant women of reproductive age. In addition, the effects of social, medical, and behavioral determinants of health on opioid use and misuse were assessed in this population of women with disabilities. Materials and Methods: Data were used from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 93,679). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used in the analyses. Results: Overall, 48.0% of women with a disability reported past-year prescription of any opioid use compared to 32.3% of women without disabilities, and 10.4% of women with disabilities reported opioid misuse relative to 4.2% of women without disabilities. Hydrocodone was the most used (29.3%) and misused (5.87%) opioid. Women with disabilities had higher adjusted odds of opioid use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-1.67) and misuse (AOR 2.01; 95% CI, 1.82-2.21) than those without disabilities. Tobacco, alcohol use, and poor to fair health were all associated with higher odds of opioid misuse. For their last opioid misuse, 5.2% attained the opioids from a dealer or stranger, and 22.1% used opioids to get high. Conclusion: Women with disabilities are at an amplified risk for prescription opioid use and misuse. Improved medical provider education, training and capacity, and reinforcing related community-based support programs for this population are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Booth
- Department of Health Administration and Policy and George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Panagiota Kitsantas
- Department of Health Administration and Policy and George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Hua Min
- Department of Health Administration and Policy and George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna Z Pollack
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Khanna A, Smith LD, Parish SL, Mitra M. Pregnancy recommendations from women with intellectual and developmental disabilities to their peers. Disabil Health J 2022; 15:101343. [PMID: 35739053 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As recent as the mid-twentieth century, eugenics practices on women with intellectual and developmental disabilities were commonplace. Deinstitutionalization has led to an increasing proportion of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities living in the community and becoming pregnant. Previous research has reported barriers to maternal health care (i.e., perceived provider stigma, inadequate communication, stress surrounding child protective services involvement, and financial strain). Research shows that this population is at increased risk of adverse outcomes including preterm delivery, low birth weight babies, and maternal mortality. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to explore recommendations from mothers with intellectual and developmental disabilities for other women to potentially improve pregnancy experiences for this population. METHODS We conducted semi-structured individual interviews among 16 women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Data were coded using a content analysis process and iteratively analyzed using inductive and deductive techniques to determine emergent themes. RESULTS Participants offered recommendations for navigating pregnancy to their peers who are pregnant, or thinking about becoming pregnant. Themes included: (1) planning for birth; (2) advocating at the point-of-care; (3) seeking supports and services; (4) interacting with child protective services; (5) communicating with providers; and (6) exhibiting resilience. CONCLUSION Our study highlights recommendations for improving pregnancy experiences of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Informed by the lived pregnancy experiences of our participants, these recommendations can inform clinician training, new guidelines, and services to support and improve pregnancy experiences for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Khanna
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA; Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), Bedford VA Healthcare System, 200 Spring Rd, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Lauren D Smith
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
| | - Susan L Parish
- College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, 907 Floyd Ave, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Monika Mitra
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
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Rosenthal E, Parish SL, Ransom C, Smith LD, Mitra M. Formal and Informal Supports for Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities During Pregnancy. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 60:261-272. [PMID: 35868299 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-60.4.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the role of formal and informal supports for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) throughout their pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences. Data from qualitative interviews with women with IDD (n = 16) were analyzed. Results showed that formal supports aided in planning, transportation, advocacy, and providing emotional support throughout pregnancy. Informal supports helped with errands, comfort, and emotional encouragement. The community surrounding these women facilitated communication with providers, self-empowerment regarding health choices, and increased preparedness for parenthood. Findings indicate the importance of encouraging and sustaining both formal and informal supports during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum to improve pregnancy and parenting experiences for women with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Monika Mitra
- Lauren D. Smith and Monika Mitra, Brandeis University
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Brown HK, Tint A, Heifetz M, Chacra MA, Bluestein D, Vigod S, Lunsky Y. Barriers and requirements for parenting supports and mental health care among mothers with intellectual disabilities: Health and social service-provider perspectives. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 126:104237. [PMID: 35487050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers with intellectual disability (ID) experience high rates of mental illness, but these needs are not adequately addressed. AIMS We examined health and social service-provider perceptions of barriers to parenting and mental health care among mothers with ID and strategies for building good practice capacity. METHODS AND PROCEDURES In this qualitative study in Ontario, Canada, we interviewed 13 service-providers working with mothers with ID about their experiences supporting parenting and mental health in mothers with ID, including barriers to services and strategies for building good practice capacity. Data were analyzed via inductive, semantic-level thematic analysis. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Perceived barriers to care provision were the vulnerable social context of women with ID, distrust of "the system" by women with ID, and siloed services. Increased training of service-providers, making accommodations in existing services, and building a community of support for women with ID were offered as strategies for good practice capacity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Efforts to improve mental health among mothers with ID should focus on improving service-provider capacity and accommodations in existing services, and enhancing coordination of care. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS?: Mothers with intellectual disability (ID) experience high rates of mental illness, but supports for mothers with ID typically focus on parenting skills, and women's mental health care services do not consider the unique needs of those with ID. Health and social service-providers have reported inadequate training, fragmented services, high caseloads, and lack of practical supports as barriers to providing quality care to mothers with ID. However, no studies have examined service-providers' perceptions of needs related specifically to parenting and mental health among mothers with ID. This study provides new information on barriers to parenting and mental health care among mothers with ID and strategies for good practice capacity, from the perspectives of service-providers. Perceived barriers to care provision include social determinants of health, a distrust of "the system" by women with ID, and siloed services. Providers recommended that providing better training, including accommodations in existing services, and building a community of support could be beneficial to improving practice capacity in the context of mental health care and parenting supports. These factors need to be addressed to improve mental health among mothers with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K Brown
- Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ami Tint
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marina Heifetz
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Simone Vigod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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García MH, Petersen JM, Parker SE, Rubenstein E, Werler MM. Medication use during pregnancy among women with congenital physical disabilities. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:785-796. [PMID: 35652163 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication use during pregnancy is common, with up to 90% of pregnant women taking at least one medication. Women with congenital physical disabilities often report co-occurring conditions during pregnancy that may warrant pharmaceutical treatment, however, research is limited. We aim to describe medication use during pregnancy including: pain, psychotropic, and antibacterial medication, among women with and without congenital physical disabilities. METHODS We used data from the Slone Birth Defects Study (1976-2015), a case-control study that collected information on pre-pregnancy health conditions and exposures among participating mothers. Women with congenital physical disabilities (n = 132) included women with spina bifida, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, limb deficiencies, and other skeletal/connective tissue conditions and were matched by interview year and study site to women without congenital physical disabilities (n = 528). Proportions and difference in proportions for each medication were compared between groups. Simple proportions were also calculated for duration and multiple medication use variables. RESULTS Women with congenital physical disabilities more frequently reported use of pain (acetaminophen and opioids), psychotropic (antidepressants), and antibacterial medications during pregnancy. Women with congenital physical disabilities used pain and psychotropic medications for longer, frequent durations, and more frequently reported haven taken multiple medications during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Women with congenital physical disabilities report higher medication use during pregnancy compared to women without physical disabilities. Patterns may be attributable to co-occurring conditions or increased risk of pregnancy complications in this population. Further research is needed to describe the patterns of medication use for clinical decisions regarding treatment of pregnant women with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Huezo García
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie M Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha E Parker
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Rubenstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martha M Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ransohoff JI, Sujin Kumar P, Flynn D, Rubenstein E. Reproductive and pregnancy health care for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:655-674. [PMID: 35064736 PMCID: PMC10119781 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities face poorer reproductive and pregnancy outcomes partially due to health care inequity. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review of reproductive and pregnancy related health care among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. METHODS We systematically reviewed three databases for keywords pertaining to pregnancy, reproductive health, and intellectual and developmental disabilities. Two reviewers screened abstracts and extracted full text. We synthesised included papers, identifying common themes. RESULTS Thirty-six papers met review criteria. Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities had lower fertility rates and were less likely to receive adequate sexual education compared to peers. While most women received prenatal care, uptake was lower and received later than women without intellectual and developmental disabilities. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy-related health care is often lacking for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. There are gaps inhibiting our understanding which prevents action to reduce health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prisha Sujin Kumar
- School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- Boston University Medical Campus Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - David Flynn
- Boston University Medical Campus Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Eric Rubenstein
- School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
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10
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Prenatal Care Adequacy Among Women With Disabilities: A Population-Based Study. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:39-49. [PMID: 34426058 PMCID: PMC9762461 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines prenatal care adequacy among women with physical, sensory, and intellectual/developmental disabilities, compared with that among women without disabilities. METHODS A population-based cohort study using linked health administrative data in Ontario, Canada was completed. The study population comprised women with physical (n=83,752), sensory (n=25,685), intellectual/developmental (n=1,219), and multiple (n=4,966) disabilities and women without disabilities (n=953,766), with a birth in 2003-2017. Analyses were conducted in 2020. Women with disabilities were identified using algorithms applied to healthcare encounters before conception. The main outcome was prenatal care adequacy, measured using the Revised Graduated Prenatal Care Utilization Index. Multivariable nominal logistic regression was used to compute the AORs and 95% CIs for no, inadequate, and intensive (versus adequate) care comparing each disability group with women without disabilities, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. RESULTS Women with physical disabilities, compared with those without disabilities, had increased odds of intensive prenatal care (AOR=1.22, 95% CI=1.19, 1.24) and decreased odds of no prenatal care (AOR=0.94, 95% CI=0.89, 0.99) versus adequate care. Women with sensory disabilities had increased odds of intensive (AOR=1.11, 95% CI=1.08, 1.14), inadequate (AOR=1.06, 95% CI=1.02, 1.09), and no (AOR=1.24, 95% CI=1.14, 1.35) prenatal care. Women with intellectual/developmental disabilities had increased odds of inadequate (AOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.08, 1.44) and no (AOR=1.64, 95% CI=1.16, 2.34) prenatal care. Women with multiple disabilities had increased odds of intensive (AOR=1.41, 95% CI=1.32, 1.51) and inadequate (AOR=1.14, 95% CI=1.05, 1.22) prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS There are variations in prenatal care adequacy by maternal disability status. Disparities in prenatal care access for women with disabilities, particularly those with intellectual/developmental disabilities, need to be addressed.
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Kirkpatrick L, Collins A, Harrison E, Miller E, Patterson C, Sogawa Y, Van Cott AC, Kazmerski TM. Pediatric Neurologists' Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for Adolescent and Young Adult Women With Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability. J Child Neurol 2022; 37:56-63. [PMID: 34657501 DOI: 10.1177/08830738211041824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore perspectives of pediatric neurologists regarding sexual and reproductive health care for adolescent women with epilepsy (WWE) and intellectual disability. METHODS We interviewed pediatric neurologists regarding sexual and reproductive health for WWE with intellectual disability. We audio-recorded and transcribed interviews and conducted qualitative analysis. RESULTS 16 pediatric neurologists participated. Themes included the following: (1) Pediatric neurologists have differing perspectives about how intellectual disability affects WWE's sexual and reproductive health needs, (2) pediatric neurologists provide sexual and reproductive health counseling variable in content and frequency to this population, (3) pediatric neurologists tend to recommend longer-term methods of contraception for this population, and (4) pediatric neurologists are asked to be involved in decision-making around sterilization, yet express ethico-legal reservations. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest pediatric neurologists provide variable, often suboptimal, sexual and reproductive health care for WWE and intellectual disability. Themes reveal ethical concerns among neurologists about sexual and reproductive health practices including sterilization. More tailored clinical guidelines and provider training on sexual and reproductive health for this population may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kirkpatrick
- Division of Child Neurology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Collins
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Allegheny Reproductive Health Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Harrison
- Division of Child Neurology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christina Patterson
- Division of Child Neurology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoshimi Sogawa
- Division of Child Neurology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne C Van Cott
- Department of Neurology, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Traci M Kazmerski
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Women's Health Research and Innovation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Amir N, Smith L, Valentine AM, Mitra M, Parish SL, Moore Simas TA. Clinician perspectives on the need for training on caring for pregnant women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Disabil Health J 2021; 15:101262. [PMID: 35031269 PMCID: PMC8983509 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) experience disparities in obstetric care access and quality, in addition to communication gaps with healthcare providers. Many obstetric providers are untrained and uneducated about critical aspects of providing care to persons with IDDs. OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to describe obstetric clinicians' training experiences related to providing obstetric care to women with IDDs, to assess the perceived need for formalized training, and to identify recommendations for training content. METHODS This study involved qualitative individual interviews (n = 9) and one focus group (n = 8) with obstetric clinicians who self-reported experience caring for women with IDDs during pregnancy. Descriptive coding and content analysis techniques were used to develop an iterative codebook related to education and training; codes were applied to the data. Coded data were analyzed for larger themes and relationships. RESULTS Analysis revealed three main themes: 1. Need for obstetric training and education: No participant reported receiving any training in caring for pregnant women with IDDs. Participants expressed a need for formal education. 2. Recommendations for formal training: Participants noted the need for training during residency and beyond, and all healthcare staff members should be included in training. 3. Training outcomes should increase knowledge, enhance attitudes, and develop practical skills related to care for pregnant women with IDDs. CONCLUSION Results indicate a need for systematic training efforts regarding obstetric care for women with IDDs. Improved training and education may decrease health inequities and improve the quality of care, and thus pregnancy outcomes, for women with IDDs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Amir
- University of Connecticut Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 200 Academic Way, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; University of Masachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave North Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Lauren Smith
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Anne M Valentine
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Monika Mitra
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Susan L Parish
- Virginia Commonwealth University, College of Health Professions, 900 E. Leigh Street, Box 980233 Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Tiffany A Moore Simas
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Memorial Campus, 119 Belmont Street, Jaquith Building Floor 2, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Mitra M, Akobirshoev I, Valentine A, Brown HK, Moore Simas TA. Severe Maternal Morbidity and Maternal Mortality in Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:872-881. [PMID: 34579985 PMCID: PMC8608722 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite increased attention on severe maternal morbidity and maternal mortality, scant research exists on adverse maternal outcomes in women with disabilities. This study compares the rates of severe maternal morbidity and maternal mortality in women with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities. METHODS This study used 2004-2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample data. Analyses were conducted in 2019‒2020. The risk of severe maternal morbidity with and without blood transfusion and maternal mortality during delivery among women with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities were compared using modified Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS This study identified 32,324 deliveries to women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Per 10,000 deliveries, 566 deliveries with severe maternal morbidity occurred in women with intellectual and developmental disabilities compared with 239 in women without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities had greater risk of both severe maternal morbidity (risk ratio=2.36, 95% CI=2.06, 2.69) and nontransfusion severe maternal morbidity (risk ratio=2.95, 95% CI=2.42, 3.61) in unadjusted analyses, which was mitigated in adjusted analyses for sociodemographic characteristics (risk ratio=1.74, 95% CI=1.47, 2.06; risk ratio=1.85, 95% CI=1.42, 2.41) and the expanded obstetric comorbidity index (risk ratio=1.23, 95% CI=1.04, 1.44; risk ratio=1.31, 95% CI=1.02, 1.68). The unadjusted incidence of maternal mortality in women with intellectual and developmental disabilities was 284 per 100,000 deliveries, nearly 4-fold higher than in women without intellectual and developmental disabilities (69 per 100,000 deliveries; risk ratio=4.07, 95% CI=2.04, 8.12), and the risk remained almost 3-fold higher after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics (risk ratio=2.86, 95% CI=1.30, 6.29) and the expanded obstetric comorbidity index (risk ratio=2.30, 95% CI=1.05, 5.29). CONCLUSIONS Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at increased risk of severe maternal morbidity and maternal mortality. These findings underscore the need for enhanced monitoring of the needs and maternal outcomes of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities in efforts to improve maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mitra
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts.
| | - Ilhom Akobirshoev
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Valentine
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary K Brown
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiffany A Moore Simas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Kirkpatrick L, Harrison E, Khalil S, Miller E, Patterson C, Sogawa Y, Van Cott AC, Kazmerski TM. A survey of child neurologists about reproductive healthcare for adolescent women with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 120:108001. [PMID: 33964536 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate child neurologists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care for adolescent and young adult women with epilepsy (WWE). METHODS Child neurologists (including attending physicians, residents, fellows, and advanced practitioners) completed an online survey distributed through subspecialty listservs. We analyzed results using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and logistic regression. RESULTS Two hundred eight child neurologists completed the survey. Most believed that child neurologists should counsel young WWE on: teratogenesis (99%, n = 206/207), contraception-antiseizure medication interactions (96%, n = 194/202), pregnancy (95%, n = 198/206), contraception (89%, n = 184/206) and folic acid supplementation (70%, n = 144/205). Fewer respondents felt confident with such counseling (teratogenesis: 90%, n = 188/208, drug interactions: 65%, n = 133/208, pregnancy 75%, n = 156/208, contraception: 47-64%, n = 96-134/208, p < 0.05). Ninety-five percent (n = 172/181) reported ever discussing SRH with typically developing young WWE, compared to 78% (n = 141/181) for young WWE with mild intellectual disability (p < 0.01). One third (n = 56/170) who ever discussed SRH did not do so routinely. Respondents correctly answered 87% ± 5% of knowledge questions about SRH for WWE, 80% ± 4% of questions about teratogenic antiseizure medications, and 61% ± 7% of questions about contraception-antiseizure drug interactions. The greatest barrier to SRH care was time constraints (80%, n = 149/186). The majority (64%, n = 119/186) identified solutions including longer appointment times and co-managing SRH care with other specialties. CONCLUSIONS Findings reveal gaps in SRH care by child neurologists for adolescent and young adult WWE, especially those with mild intellectual disability. Provider-identified barriers and solutions may serve as targets to improve SRH care for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kirkpatrick
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Child Neurology, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Harrison
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Child Neurology, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Suad Khalil
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Department of Neurology, 965 Fee Road A110, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Christina Patterson
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Child Neurology, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Yoshimi Sogawa
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Child Neurology, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Anne C Van Cott
- UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Neurology, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Department of Neurology, 4100 Allequippa Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, United States
| | - Traci M Kazmerski
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Women's Health Research and Innovation, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
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Wos K, Baczała D. Parenting by mothers with intellectual disabilities in Poland: A photovoice study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 34:1452-1462. [PMID: 33823563 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diverse nature of parenting among people with intellectual disabilities can be affected by many factors, including stereotypes, experiencing social isolation, living in poverty, suffering from chronic diseases and limited access to health care. Because of these factors, people with intellectual disabilities are not readily viewed as potential parents by society. METHOD The research was conducted using the photovoice method, which analyses photographs taken by participants-seven mothers with intellectual disabilities (aged 22-43). RESULTS Thematic analysis yielded six main areas: pregnancy and childbirth, household duties-everyday life, caring for children, the importance of motherhood for a woman, parenting problems and difficulties, and types and forms of assistance. CONCLUSION Raising a child has become a life goal for the interviewed women. However, there were also difficulties in their lives, which have not been solved by formal and informal support. Individual support for mothers should include tailor-made sexual education, access to gynaecological care or long-term family support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Wos
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ditta Baczała
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Recent Trends and Future Directions in Research Regarding Parents with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2020; 7:173-181. [PMID: 32837826 PMCID: PMC7324308 DOI: 10.1007/s40474-020-00204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This report updates research on parents with IDD and their children published since 2014. Recent Findings Since 2014, a plethora of studies using large administrative databases in different countries support a contextual approach to understand why parents with IDD and their children may have worse outcomes than other families. In most studies, increased risk of ill health in women with IDD and health and developmental problems in their children were fully or partially accounted for by socioeconomic and psychosocial hardships. New research has found that pregnant women with IDD tend to have risk factors for pregnancy, birth, and postpartum complications that may contribute to adverse child outcomes. Intervention research is gradually becoming more contextualized. Summary More studies are needed on multicultural aspects of parenting, programs that could help parents with IDD overcome social and health disadvantages, comprehensive and coordinated service models that start during pregnancy, innovative parent support arrangements, parenting education for teens and young adults with IDD, use of technology, and dissemination and implementation of evidence-based programs.
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Prolonged postpartum length of hospital stay among women with disabilities. Disabil Health J 2020; 13:100934. [PMID: 32402792 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have found higher proportions of cesarean deliveries and longer postpartum hospital stays among women with disabilities compared to women without disabilities. However, no research has assessed how length of stay may differ for women with different types of disability while also considering mode of delivery. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of disability status and disability type with length of stay, taking into account disability-related differences in mode of delivery. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked maternal and infant hospital discharge and vital records data for all births in California between 2000 and 2012 (n = 6,745,201). We used multivariable regression analyses to assess association of disability status and type with prolonged length of stay (>2 days for vaginal delivery or >4 days for cesarean) while controlling for covariates. RESULTS Women with disabilities had significantly elevated adjusted odds of prolonged length of stay compared to women without disabilities (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.32-1.49). Adjusted odds were highest for women with vision disabilities (aOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.46-1.90), followed by women with IDD (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.30-1.80), and women with physical disabilities (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.32-1.50). Women with hearing disability had the lowest adjusted odds of prolonged length of stay (aOR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03-1.33). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged length of stay did not appear to be due solely to the higher proportion of cesarean deliveries in this population. Further research is needed to better understand the reasons for prolonged length of stay among women with disabilities and develop strategies to assist women with disabilities in preparing for and recovering from childbirth.
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Salaeva D, Tarasoff LA, Brown HK. Health care utilisation in infants and young children born to women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:303-310. [PMID: 31997428 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience socio-economic and health disparities which could impact their offspring's health care utilisation. We systematically reviewed evidence on health care utilisation in infants and young children of women with and without IDD. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to October 2019 for studies examining preventive care, immunisations, emergency department visits, and hospitalisations. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using standardised tools. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated using random effects models for outcomes with data available from ≥3 studies. RESULTS Four articles describing three cohort studies and one cross-sectional study met our criteria. Maternal IDD status was associated with increased neonatal intensive care unit admission rates (pooled OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.31, 3.13). There were no differences in immunisation rates or hospitalisations. CONCLUSIONS Few studies have examined the impact of maternal IDD status on health care utilisation in their infants and young children. More high-quality studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Salaeva
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L A Tarasoff
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H K Brown
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Akobirshoev I, Mitra M, Parish SL, Valentine A, Simas TAM. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Birth Outcomes and Labor and Delivery Charges Among Massachusetts Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 58:126-138. [PMID: 32240049 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-58.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the pregnancy experiences of racial and ethnic minority women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is critical to ensuring that policies can effectively support these women. This research analyzed data from the 1998-2013 Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal (PELL) data system to examine the racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and labor and delivery charges of U.S. women with IDD. There was significant preterm birth disparity among non-Hispanic Black women with IDD compared to their non-Hispanic White peers. There were also significant racial and ethnic differences in associated labor and delivery-related charges. Further research, examining potential mechanisms behind the observed racial and ethnic differences in labor and delivery-related charges in Massachusetts' women with IDD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhom Akobirshoev
- Ilhom Akobirshoev and Monika Mitra, Brandeis University; Susan L. Parish, Virginia Commonwealth University; Anne Valentine, Brandeis University; and Tiffany A. Moore Simas, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Monika Mitra
- Ilhom Akobirshoev and Monika Mitra, Brandeis University; Susan L. Parish, Virginia Commonwealth University; Anne Valentine, Brandeis University; and Tiffany A. Moore Simas, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Susan L Parish
- Ilhom Akobirshoev and Monika Mitra, Brandeis University; Susan L. Parish, Virginia Commonwealth University; Anne Valentine, Brandeis University; and Tiffany A. Moore Simas, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Anne Valentine
- Ilhom Akobirshoev and Monika Mitra, Brandeis University; Susan L. Parish, Virginia Commonwealth University; Anne Valentine, Brandeis University; and Tiffany A. Moore Simas, University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | - Tiffany A Moore Simas
- Ilhom Akobirshoev and Monika Mitra, Brandeis University; Susan L. Parish, Virginia Commonwealth University; Anne Valentine, Brandeis University; and Tiffany A. Moore Simas, University of Massachusetts Medical School
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Powell RM, Parish SL, Mitra M, Rosenthal E. Role of family caregivers regarding sexual and reproductive health for women and girls with intellectual disability: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:131-157. [PMID: 31808223 PMCID: PMC9016753 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While people with intellectual disability (ID) face disparities relating to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, little is known about the role of family caregivers who assist women and girls with ID access SRH services. This scoping review examined the findings of studies to elucidate the role of family caregivers with regard to SRH for women and girls with ID. METHOD We used Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage scoping framework, with Levac, Colquhoun and O'Brien's revisions, to evaluate identified sources. We searched three electronic databases, six ID journals and reference lists in full-text articles. Inclusion criteria included (1) primary and secondary source research studies in peer-reviewed journals; (2) published in English; (3) all research methodologies (i.e. qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods and systematic reviews or commentaries); (4) published between 2000 and 2016; and (5) studies from any country. RESULTS The search yielded 2062 studies; 57 articles met inclusion criteria. Most studies employed purposive, convenience or criterion sampling. Participants included people with ID, family caregivers, paid caregivers and health-care professionals. Findings were summarised thematically: (1) menstruation and menopause; (2) vaccinations and preventive screenings; (3) supporting sexuality and healthy relationships; (4) coordinating with health-care providers and (5) contraception and sterilisation. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this scoping review underscore the need for more and better-quality research, including how family caregivers assist women and girls with ID access perinatal and preventive SRH services and sexual abuse education. Family caregivers, women and girls with ID and health-care providers need increased access to information about SRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Powell
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - S L Parish
- The College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - M Mitra
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - E Rosenthal
- School Psychology, College of Education, Lehigh University Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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Balogh R, Leonard H, Bourke J, Brameld K, Downs J, Hansen M, Glasson E, Lin E, Lloyd M, Lunsky Y, O'Donnell M, Shooshtari S, Wong K, Krahn G. Data Linkage: Canadian and Australian Perspectives on a Valuable Methodology for Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research. INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 57:439-462. [PMID: 31568733 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-57.5.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Data linkage holds great promise for generating new information about people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) as a population, yet few centers have developed the infrastructure to utilize this methodology. Two examples, from Canada and Australia, describe their efforts in building data linkage capabilities, and how linked databases can be used to identify persons with IDD and used for population-based research. The value of data linkage is illustrated through new estimates of prevalence of IDD; health service utilization patterns; associations with sociodemographic characteristics, and with physical and mental health conditions (e.g., chronic diseases, injury, fertility, and depression); and findings on equity in medical treatments. Examples are provided of findings used for governmental policy and program planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Balogh
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Helen Leonard
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Jenny Bourke
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Kate Brameld
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Jenny Downs
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Michele Hansen
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Emma Glasson
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Elizabeth Lin
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Meghann Lloyd
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Shahin Shooshtari
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Kingsley Wong
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Gloria Krahn
- Robert Balogh, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Helen Leonard and Jenny Bourke, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Kate Brameld, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia; Jenny Downs, Michele Hansen, and Emma Glasson, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Elizabeth Lin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Meghann Lloyd, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Yona Lunsky, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Melissa O'Donnell, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; Shahin Shooshtari, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Kingsley Wong, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth; and Gloria Krahn, Oregon State University, Corvallis
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Brown HK, Ray JG, Liu N, Lunsky Y, Vigod SN. Rapid repeat pregnancy among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ 2019; 190:E949-E956. [PMID: 30104188 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.170932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid repeat pregnancy within 12 months of a live birth is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. We evaluated the risk for rapid repeat pregnancy among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities, with whom sharing of information about pregnancy planning and contraception may be inadequate. METHODS We accessed population-based health administrative data for all women with an index live birth in Ontario, Canada, for the period 2002-2013. We used modified Poisson regression to compare relative risks (RRs) for a rapid repeat pregnancy within 12 months of the index live birth in women with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities, first adjusting for demographic factors and then additionally adjusting for social, health and health care disparities. RESULTS We compared 2855 women with intellectual and developmental disabilities and 923 367 women without such disabilities. At the index live birth, women with intellectual and developmental disabilities were more likely to be younger than 25 years of age (46.8% v. 18.2%) and to be disadvantaged on each measure of social, health and health care disparities. These women had a higher rate of rapid repeat pregnancy than those without such disabilities (7.6% v. 3.9%; adjusted RR 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.54, after controlling for demographic factors). This risk was attenuated upon further adjustment for social, health and health care disparities (adjusted RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.87-1.14). INTERPRETATION Rapid repeat pregnancy, which was more common among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities, may be explained by social, health and health care disparities. To optimize reproductive health, multifactorial approaches to address the marginalization experienced by this population are likely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K Brown
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough (Brown), Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Brown, Liu), Department of Medicine (Ray) and Department of Psychiatry (Lunsky, Vigod), University of Toronto; Women's College Research Institute (Vigod), Women's College Hospital; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Brown, Ray, Liu, Lunsky, Vigod); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Lunsky), Toronto, Ont.
| | - Joel G Ray
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough (Brown), Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Brown, Liu), Department of Medicine (Ray) and Department of Psychiatry (Lunsky, Vigod), University of Toronto; Women's College Research Institute (Vigod), Women's College Hospital; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Brown, Ray, Liu, Lunsky, Vigod); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Lunsky), Toronto, Ont
| | - Ning Liu
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough (Brown), Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Brown, Liu), Department of Medicine (Ray) and Department of Psychiatry (Lunsky, Vigod), University of Toronto; Women's College Research Institute (Vigod), Women's College Hospital; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Brown, Ray, Liu, Lunsky, Vigod); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Lunsky), Toronto, Ont
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough (Brown), Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Brown, Liu), Department of Medicine (Ray) and Department of Psychiatry (Lunsky, Vigod), University of Toronto; Women's College Research Institute (Vigod), Women's College Hospital; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Brown, Ray, Liu, Lunsky, Vigod); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Lunsky), Toronto, Ont
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough (Brown), Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Brown, Liu), Department of Medicine (Ray) and Department of Psychiatry (Lunsky, Vigod), University of Toronto; Women's College Research Institute (Vigod), Women's College Hospital; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Brown, Ray, Liu, Lunsky, Vigod); Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Ray), St. Michael's Hospital; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Lunsky), Toronto, Ont
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23
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Heifetz M, Brown HK, Chacra MA, Tint A, Vigod S, Bluestein D, Lunsky Y. Mental health challenges and resilience among mothers with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Disabil Health J 2019; 12:602-607. [PMID: 31235446 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) frequently experience mental health problems. Yet, they are excluded from broader women's mental health efforts, and few services exist to support their unique mental health needs. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to identify key risk, protective, and resilience factors that affect mental health among mothers with IDD. METHODS We interviewed mothers with IDD on: (1) a quantitative measure to assess demographics and depressive symptoms and (2) qualitative focus groups on parenting and mental health (analyzed through thematic analysis). There were three focus groups, for a total sample of 12 mothers with IDD. RESULTS The 12 women in the sample had a total of 28 children, with a mean age of 11.3 years (SD = 9.9). The mean depressive symptom score in the sample was 13.8 (SD = 5.5), with 7 women scoring above the cut-off for clinically significant symptoms. Nine thematic categories were identified, organized into risks, protective factors, and resilience factors. Risks were parenting stress, life stressors, feelings of powerlessness with the child welfare system, and feeling judged. Protective factors were formal and informal supports. Resilience factors were motherhood enjoyment, having a good family life, and wishing to be independent. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to improve mental health among mothers with IDD should minimize risks that undermine adaptive capabilities and promote resilience to restore efficacy of protective systems. Better training of service-providers working with individuals with IDD, using strength-based approaches and developing alternative, autonomy-building sources of support in the form of peer support groups is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Heifetz
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hilary K Brown
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Abou Chacra
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ami Tint
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone Vigod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yona Lunsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Horner-Johnson W, Moe EL, Stoner RC, Klein KA, Edelman AB, Eden KB, Andresen EM, Caughey AB, Guise JM. Contraceptive knowledge and use among women with intellectual, physical, or sensory disabilities: A systematic review. Disabil Health J 2019; 12:139-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Akobirshoev I, Mitra M, Parish SL, Moore Simas TA, Dembo R, Ncube CN. Racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and labour and delivery-related charges among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:313-326. [PMID: 30576027 PMCID: PMC7271252 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the USA are bearing children at increasing rates. However, very little is known whether racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and labour and delivery-related charges exist in this population. This study investigated racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes and labour and delivery-related charges among women with IDD. METHODS The study employed secondary analysis of the 2004-2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, the largest all-payer, publicly available US inpatient healthcare database. Hierarchical mixed-effect logistic and linear regression models were used to compare the study outcomes. RESULTS We identified 2110 delivery-associated hospitalisations among women with IDD including 1275 among non-Hispanic White women, 527 among non-Hispanic Black women and 308 among Hispanic women. We found significant disparities in stillbirth among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women with IDD compared with their non-Hispanic White peers [odds ratio = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-5.28, P < 0.01 and odds ratio = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.08-5.92, P < 0.01, respectively]. There were no racial and ethnic disparities in caesarean delivery, preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age neonates among women with IDD. The average labour and delivery-related charges for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Women with IDD ($18 889 and $22 481, respectively) exceeded those for non-Hispanic White women with IDD ($14 886) by $4003 and $7595 or by 27% and 51%, respectively. The significant racial and ethnic differences in charges persisted even after controlling for a range of individual-level and institutional-level characteristics and were 6% (ln(β) = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.11, P < 0.05) and 9% (ln(β) = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03-0.14, P < 0.01) higher for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Women with IDD compared with non-Hispanic White women with IDD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for an integrated approach to the delivery of comprehensive perinatal services for racial and ethnic minority women with IDD to reduce their risk of having a stillbirth. Additionally, further research is needed to examine the causes of racial and ethnic disparities in hospital charges for labour and delivery admission among women with IDD and ascertain whether price discrimination exists based on patients' racial or ethnic identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Akobirshoev
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - M Mitra
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - S L Parish
- Bouvé College of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T A Moore Simas
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - R Dembo
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - C N Ncube
- Bouvé College of Health Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Valentine A, Akobirshoev I, Mitra M. Intimate Partner Violence among Women with Disabilities in Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060947. [PMID: 30884787 PMCID: PMC6466247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Violence against women with disabilities is pervasive, yet a paucity of research examines intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by women with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study is to document the prevalence and consequences of IPV exposure among Ugandan women with disabilities. Cross sectional data from the 2011 and 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (UDHS) were used to study married and/or partnered women aged 15⁻49 who answered specific questions about lifetime intimate partner violence (N = 8592). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between disability, IPV, and indicators of maternal and child health. Compared to women without disabilities, women with disabilities were more likely to experience lifetime physical violence (odds ratio (OR) 1.4, p < 0.01), sexual violence (OR = 1.7, p < 0.01), and emotional abuse (1.4, p < 0.01) after controlling for sociodemographic and household characteristics. Study findings suggest that women with disabilities in Uganda may experience increased risk for IPV compared to women without disabilities, with concomitant risks to their health and the survival of their infants. Further research examining the prevalence and correlates of IPV in low- and middle-income countries is needed to address the needs and rights of women with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Valentine
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
| | - Ilhom Akobirshoev
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
| | - Monika Mitra
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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27
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Litchman ML, Tran MJ, Dearden SE, Guo JW, Simonsen SE, Clark L. What Women With Disabilities Write in Personal Blogs About Pregnancy and Early Motherhood: Qualitative Analysis of Blogs. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2019; 2:e12355. [PMID: 31518332 PMCID: PMC6715048 DOI: 10.2196/12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 1 in 10 women of reproductive age identify as having some type of disability. Most of these women are able to become pregnant and have similar desires for motherhood as women without disability. Women with disability, however, face greater stigma and stereotyping, additional risk factors, and may be less likely to receive adequate reproductive health care compared with their peers without disability. More and more individuals, including those with disability, are utilizing the internet to seek information and peer support. Blogs are one source of peer-to-peer social media engagement that may provide a forum for women with disability to both share and obtain peer-to-peer information and support. Nevertheless, it is not clear what content about reproductive health and pregnancy and/or motherhood is featured in personal blogs authored by women with spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), spina bifida, and autism. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the information being shared in blogs by women with 4 types of disabilities, namely, SCI, TBI, spina bifida, and autism, about reproductive health, disability, health care, pregnancy, and motherhood; and (2) to classify the content of reproductive health experiences addressed by bloggers to better understand what they viewed as important. METHODS Personal blogs were identified by searching Google with keywords related to disabilities, SCI, TBI, spina bifida, and autism, and a variety of keywords related to reproductive health. The first 10 pages of each database search in Google, based on the relevance of the search terms, were reviewed and all blogs in these pages were included. Blog inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) written by a woman or care partner (ie, parent or spouse) of a woman with a self-identified diagnosis of SCI, TBI, spina bifida, or autism; (2) focused on the personal experience of health and health care during the prepregnancy, prenatal, antepartum, intrapartum, and/or postpartum periods; (3) written in English; and (4) published between 2013 and 2017. A descriptive and thematic qualitative analysis of blogs and corresponding comments was facilitated with NVivo software and matrix analysis. RESULTS Our search strategy identified 125 blogs that met all the inclusion criteria; no blogs written by women with spina bifida were identified. We identified 4 reproductive health themes featured in the blog of women with disabilities: (1) (in)accessible motherhood, (2) (un)supportive others, (3) different, but not different, and (4) society questioning motherhood. CONCLUSIONS This analysis of personal blogs about pregnancy and health care written by women with SCI, TBI, and autism provides a glimpse into their experiences. The challenges faced by these women and the adaptations they made to successfully navigate pregnancy and early motherhood provide insights that can be used to shape future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M J Tran
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Susan E Dearden
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jia-Wen Guo
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sara E Simonsen
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lauren Clark
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Differences in Prenatal Care by Presence and Type of Maternal Disability. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:376-382. [PMID: 30777157 PMCID: PMC6402767 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior studies have found that women with disabilities are less likely to receive adequate prenatal care than women without disabilities. However, little is known about differences in patterns of prenatal care by type of disability. Therefore, this study examined timing and frequency of prenatal care among women with physical, sensory, or intellectual/developmental disabilities compared with women without disabilities. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study using linked maternal and infant hospital discharge and birth certificate data for all births in California in 2000-2012 (N=6,745,201). Analyses were conducted in 2017-2018. Modified Poisson regression analyses compared women with each type of disability with women without disabilities on trimester of prenatal care initiation and number of prenatal care visits. RESULTS Women with intellectual/developmental disabilities or with limited hearing had significantly higher RR of delaying prenatal care initiation until the second or third trimester (intellectual/developmental disabilities: adjusted RR=1.21, 95% CI=1.09, 1.33; hearing: adjusted RR=1.11, 95% CI=1.02, 1.21), whereas women with physical disabilities and limited vision had lower risk of delaying care (physical: adjusted RR=0.91, 95% CI=0.88, 0.94; vision: adjusted RR=0.85, 95% CI=0.73, 0.99). Women with limited hearing or vision or intellectual/developmental disabilities had higher risk of receiving fewer prenatal visits than recommended, compared with women without disabilities. Women with physical disabilities or intellectual/developmental disabilities had higher RR of receiving more than the typical number of visits. CONCLUSIONS There were key differences in prenatal care utilization by disability type, reflective of particularly pronounced disparities for women with intellectual/developmental disabilities and women with limited hearing. Delays in receipt of prenatal care and low numbers of prenatal care visits may contribute to the poorer birth outcomes that have been observed previously in these groups. Targeted interventions are needed to improve uptake of prenatal care in these vulnerable populations.
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Mueller BA, Crane D, Doody DR, Stuart SN, Schiff MA. Pregnancy course, infant outcomes, rehospitalization, and mortality among women with intellectual disability. Disabil Health J 2019; 12:452-459. [PMID: 30692054 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women with intellectual disability (ID) may have greater levels of comorbidity and decreased care access, social support, or ability to monitor their status and communicate needs, but few studies have examined their pregnancy course and outcome, and little is known about their longer-term maternal and infant health. OBJECTIVE We compared pre-pregnancy characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and rehospitalization <2 years after delivery among women with and without ID. METHOD We identified all women with ID and randomly selected a 10:1 comparison group of women without ID with singleton live birth deliveries in Washington State population-based linked birth-hospital discharge data 1987-2012. Multivariable regressions estimated adjusted odds ratios comparing pre-pregnancy characteristics. In cohort analyses, we estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes. RESULTS Women with ID (N = 103) more often had gestational diabetes (RR 3.39, 95% CI 1.81-6.37), preeclampsia (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.03-3.42), and inadequate prenatal care (RR 2.48, 95% CI 1.67-3.70). Their infants more often were small for gestational age (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.10-2.89). Need for rehospitalization postpartum was not increased among women with ID or their infants. CONCLUSION Reasons for increased preeclampsia and gestational diabetes among pregnant women with ID are unclear. Barriers to inadequate prenatal care are multifactorial and warrant further study, with consideration that wellness during pregnancy and other times involves social, familial and clinical support systems responsive to each woman's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Mueller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Deborah Crane
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Doody
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sally N Stuart
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa A Schiff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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30
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Potvin LA, Barnett BM, Brown HK, Cobigo V. "I Didn't Need People's Negative Thoughts": Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Reporting Attitudes Toward Their Pregnancy. Can J Nurs Res 2019; 51:154-167. [PMID: 30602298 DOI: 10.1177/0844562118819924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the illegalization of involuntary sterilization of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities, there has been an increase in childbearing in this population. However, women with intellectual and developmental disabilities continue to experience prejudicial attitudes toward their pregnancies. Objective To analyze the experiences of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities regarding their perceptions of support persons’ attitudes toward their pregnancies. Methods Three case studies derived from grounded theory research exploring perinatal social support received by women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Using inductive content analysis, we further analyzed the perceptions of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities regarding support persons’ attitudes toward their pregnancies. Findings: The nature of interactions with support persons and women’s characteristics, such as help-seeking behaviors, disability, mental illness, and age, influenced support persons’ attitudes toward childbearing. Women preferred support from caregivers perceived as nonjudgmental and tended to restrict contact with persons perceived as prejudicial. However, some attitudes improved following positive interactions with the women. The relationship between support persons’ attitudes and the women’s help-seeking behaviors is thus complex. Conclusions Education of families and medical and social services practitioners and opportunities for positive contact should be further explored. Caseworkers of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities may have invaluable roles in facilitating positive interactions between women with intellectual and developmental disabilities and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hilary K Brown
- 2 Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,3 Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- 1 School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Canada.,4 Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, University of Ottawa, Canada.,5 Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
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Brown HK, Potvin LA, Lunsky Y, Vigod SN. Maternal Intellectual or Developmental Disability and Newborn Discharge to Protective Services. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-1416. [PMID: 30401790 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately half of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) lose custody of their children at some point in their child's development, but their rates of and risk factors for newborn discharge to child protective services from the birth hospitalization are relatively unknown. METHODS We conducted a population-based study of newborns of 3845 women with IDDs and 379 834 women without IDDs in Ontario, Canada (2002-2012). We used modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for discharge to child protective services directly from the birth hospitalization (1) comparing newborns of women with and without IDDs and (2) among newborns of women with IDDs according to sociodemographic, health, service, and perinatal characteristics. RESULTS Approximately 5.7% of newborns of women with IDDs, compared with 0.2% of newborns of women without IDDs, were discharged to child protective services (aRR 8.10; 95% CI 6.51-10.09). Among newborns of women with IDDs, risk factors were maternal psychotic disorder (aRR 2.58; 95% CI 1.90-3.50), social assistance receipt (aRR 2.55; 95% CI 1.87-3.47), failure to receive an ultrasound by 20 weeks' gestation (aRR 1.76; 95% CI 1.32-2.34), and receipt of <4 prenatal visits by 36 weeks' gestation (aRR 1.71; 95% CI 1.05-2.78). CONCLUSIONS Although women with IDDs are at risk for custody loss immediately postdelivery, certain subgroups are at higher risk than others. Women with vulnerabilities related to comorbid psychotic disorders, poverty, and inadequate prenatal care may benefit from tailored, behavior-based parenting interventions before and during pregnancy to prevent maternal-newborn separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K Brown
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health & Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada; .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lynne A Potvin
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
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32
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Mitra M, Parish SL, Akobirshoev I, Rosenthal E, Moore Simas TA. Postpartum Hospital Utilization among Massachusetts Women with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:1492-1501. [PMID: 29948759 PMCID: PMC6150791 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the risk of postpartum hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits among US women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Methods We used the 2002-2012 Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal Data System and identified deliveries to women with and without IDD. Women with IDD (n = 1104) or case subjects were identified from the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 9th Revision (ICD-9 CM) codes. The study primary outcome measures were any postpartum hospital admission and any ED visit during three critical postpartum periods (1-42, 43-90, and 1-365 days). We conducted unadjusted and adjusted survival analysis using Cox proportional hazard models to compare the occurrence of first hospital admission or ED visits between women with and without IDD. Results We found that women with IDD had markedly higher rates of postpartum hospital admissions and ED visits during the critical postpartum periods (within 1-42, 43-90, and 91-365 days) after a childbirth. Conclusion for Practice Given the heightened risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes and the findings of this study, there is an urgent need for clinical guidelines related to the frequency and timing of postpartum care among new mothers with IDD. Further, this study provides evidence of the need for evidence-based interventions for new mothers with IDD to provide preventive care and routine assessments that would identify and manage complications for both the mother and the infant outside of the traditional postpartum health care framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mitra
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Mailstop 035, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
| | - Susan L Parish
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ilhom Akobirshoev
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Mailstop 035, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Eliana Rosenthal
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tiffany A Moore Simas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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Mitra M, Parish SL, Clements KM, Zhang J, Simas TAM. Antenatal Hospitalization Among U.S. Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Retrospective Cohort Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 123:399-411. [PMID: 30198766 PMCID: PMC9014374 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-123.5.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This population-based retrospective cohort study examines the prevalence of hospital utilization during pregnancy and the primary reason for antenatal hospital utilization among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Massachusetts residents with in-state deliveries that were ≥ 20 weeks gestational age were included via data from the 2002-2009 Massachusetts Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal Data System. Among women with IDD, 54.8% had at least one emergency department (ED) visit during pregnancy, compared to 23% of women without IDD. Women with IDD were more likely to have an antenatal ED visit, observational stays, and non-delivery hospital stays. This study highlights the need for further understanding of the health care needs of women with IDD during pregnancy.
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Brown HK, Kirkham YA, Lunsky Y, Cobigo V, Vigod SN. Contraceptive Provision to Postpartum Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Population-Based Cohort Study. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2018; 50:93-99. [PMID: 29809297 DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities who experience pregnancy, like all women, require postpartum care that supports their contraceptive knowledge and decision making. Yet, little is known about the postpartum contraceptive care these women receive, or how it compares with care given to other women. METHODS A population-based study using linked health and social services administrative data examined provision of postpartum contraceptive care to women who had a live birth in Ontario, Canada, in 2002-2014 and were beneficiaries of Ontario's publicly funded drug plan. Modified Poisson regression was used to compare care between 1,181 women with and 36,259 women without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Outcomes were provision of any nonbarrier contraceptive in the year following the birth and type of method provided. RESULTS In the first year postpartum, women with intellectual and developmental disabilities were provided with contraceptives at a higher rate than were other women (relative risk 1.3); the difference was significant for both nonsurgical and surgical methods (1.2 and 1.8, respectively). The higher rate of nonsurgical contraceptive provision was explained by provision of injectables (1.9); there were no differences for pills or IUDs. CONCLUSION Nonbarrier contraceptives may be the most appropriate methods for some women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, future research should investigate why women with such disabilities are more likely than others to receive injectable contraceptives, which have possible negative side effects, and surgical contraception, which is irreversible. Research also should investigate how these women perceive their participation in contraceptive decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K Brown
- Assistant professor, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, and Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, Ontario
| | - Yolanda A Kirkham
- Assistant professor, Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Professor, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and ICES, Toronto
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- Associate professor, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, and ICES, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Associate professor, Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, and ICES, Toronto
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Walters FP, Gray SH. Addressing sexual and reproductive health in adolescents and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Curr Opin Pediatr 2018; 30:451-458. [PMID: 29846252 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides support for promoting the sexual health of adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities, and particularly those with intellectual disabilities. It offers guidance for pediatricians on incorporating counseling on sexuality and reproductive healthcare, socially appropriate behavior, and sexual abuse prevention for adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities into healthcare visits. Additionally, it provides resources for developmentally appropriate sexuality education in the home and community to allow access to the comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare patients deserve. RECENT FINDINGS Adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities often do not receive developmentally appropriate sexual health education, and this is associated with poor sexual health outcomes and increased rates of sexual abuse in this population. SUMMARY Pediatricians should discuss sexual health with all patients, including adolescents and young adults with developmental disabilities. They are well suited to provide sexual health education and inform families about appropriate sexual health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Hayden Gray
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Xavier CG, Brown HK, Benoit AC. Teenage pregnancy and long-term mental health outcomes among Indigenous women in Canada. Arch Womens Ment Health 2018; 21:333-340. [PMID: 29168024 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to (1) compare the risks for poor long-term mental health outcomes among indigenous women with and without a teenage pregnancy and (2) determine if community and cultural factors modify this risk. We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Respondents were women aged 25 to 49 years who had given birth to at least one child. Teenage mothers (age at first birth 13 to 19 years; n = 1330) were compared to adult mothers (age at first birth 20 years or older; n = 2630). Mental health outcomes were psychological distress, mental health status, suicide ideation/attempt, and alcohol consumption. To address objective 1, we used binary logistic regression analyses before and after controlling for covariates. To address objective 2, we tested the significance of interaction terms between teenage pregnancy status and effect measure modifiers. In unadjusted analyses, teenage pregnancy was associated with increased risk for poor/fair mental health [odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-2.53] and suicide attempt/ideation (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.07-3.54). However, the associations were not statistically significant after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and health covariates. Teenage pregnancy was not associated with increased risk for high psychological distress or heavy alcohol consumption in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. The interaction term for involvement in cultural activities was statistically significant for poor/fair mental health; however, after stratification, ORs were non-significant. Among indigenous mothers, teenage pregnancy was less important than broader social and health circumstances in predicting long-term mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé G Xavier
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Hilary K Brown
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Anthropology Department (Health Studies Program), University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Anita C Benoit
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 5th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada. .,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1B2, Canada.
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Review of gynecologic and reproductive care for women with developmental disabilities. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2018; 28:350-8. [PMID: 27379438 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Care for women with developmental disabilities requires special consideration for unique needs related to their cognitive and physical abilities. These women and their caregivers require more support and guidance during reproductive health care. We review the literature and provide expert opinion surrounding gynecological issues for women with developmental disabilities to support healthcare providers better understand and care for this population. RECENT FINDINGS Women with developmental disabilities are more vulnerable to abuse and experience poorer gynecological healthcare outcomes. Many women with developmental disabilities are fertile and participate in sexual activity without adequate knowledge. They are at higher risk of pregnancy and birth complications. They are less likely to receive appropriate preventive screening. SUMMARY The review highlights important issues and practice suggestions related to the reproductive health care of women with developmental disabilities. Topics include clinic visits, menstruation, sexuality, sexual abuse, sexual health education, contraception, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, labor and delivery, and cancer screening/prevention. We emphasize the need for an individualized, comprehensive approach for these patients and review perceived and actual barriers to care. More education is needed on the aforementioned topics for women with developmental disabilities, their caregivers, and their providers.
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Nunes FRP, Neves FAD, Geraldes FDPB, Águas Lopes MFR. Contraception in adolescents with intellectual disability. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2017; 22:401-406. [PMID: 29188744 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2017.1402875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to investigate the reasons for first gynaecological consultation in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) and assess how contraception is prescribed with regard to the different contraceptive methods, their medical indications, adverse effects and compliance, in comparison with a group of adolescents without ID. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted among 200 adolescents with ID (group A) and a control group of 200 adolescents without ID (group B). RESULTS The main reasons for gynaecological consultation in group A were 'need for contraception' (46.5% in group A vs 32.0% in group B, p = .003) and abnormal uterine bleeding (42.0% in group A vs 27.0% in group B, p = .002). Contraception was prescribed in 80.0% of the adolescents in both groups. Combined oral contraception was prescribed in 83.1% in group A vs. 91.3% in group B (p = .03). The transdermal patch was more prevalent in group A (6.3% vs. 0.6% in group B, p = .006). Other contraceptive methods were similar between the two groups. In group B there were 5.0% unintended pregnancies vs no cases in group A (p = .001). Sexual abuse occurred similarly in both groups (2.5% in group A vs 2.0% in group B, p = not significant). CONCLUSION The need for contraception in adolescents with ID is a frequent reason for gynaecological consultation, despite their younger age and lower number who are sexually active. Combined oral contraception is the most prescribed method in adolescents with ID; however, the transdermal patch also plays an important role in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Raquel Pereira Nunes
- a Department of Gynaecology , Maternidade Bissaya Barreto, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Fabiane Amaral das Neves
- a Department of Gynaecology , Maternidade Bissaya Barreto, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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Akobirshoev I, Parish SL, Mitra M, Rosenthal E. Birth outcomes among US women with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Disabil Health J 2017; 10:406-412. [PMID: 28404230 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are bearing children at increasing rates. However, there is very little research about pregnancy experiences and birth outcomes among women with IDD. No studies to date have examined birth outcomes with a US population-based sample. OBJECTIVE The main objective was to estimate the national occurrence of deliveries in women with IDD and to compare their birth outcomes to women without IDD. METHODS We examined the 2007-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to compare birth outcomes in women with and without IDD. Birth outcomes included preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Multivariable regression analyses compared birth outcomes between women with and without IDD controlling for race/ethnicity, maternal age, household income, health insurance status and type, comorbidity, region and hospital location, teaching status, ownership, and year. RESULTS Of an estimated 20.6 million deliveries identified through the HCUP 2007-2011 data 10,275 occurred in women with IDD. In adjusted regression analyses, women with IDD compared to those without IDD were significantly more likely to have preterm birth (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.26-1.69, p < 0.001), low birth weight (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.27-2.05, p < 0.001), and stillbirth (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.70-3.40, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study provides a first examination of the birth outcomes among women with IDD in the United States using a largest population-based sample. There are significant differences in birth outcomes between women with and without IDD. Understanding the causes of these differences and addressing these causes are critical to improving pregnancy outcomes among women with IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhom Akobirshoev
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA.
| | - Susan L Parish
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Monika Mitra
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Eliana Rosenthal
- Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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Brown HK, Cobigo V, Lunsky Y, Vigod S. Postpartum Acute Care Utilization Among Women with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:329-337. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K. Brown
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simone Vigod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada
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Mitra M. Postpartum Health of Women with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Call to Action. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:303-304. [PMID: 28355095 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mitra
- The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University , Waltham, Massachusetts
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Brown HK, Cobigo V, Lunsky Y, Dennis CL, Vigod S. Perinatal Health of Women with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Comorbid Mental Illness. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:714-723. [PMID: 27310242 PMCID: PMC5066551 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716649188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have high rates of adverse perinatal outcomes. However, the perinatal health of women with co-occurring IDD and mental illness (dual diagnosis) is largely unknown. Our objectives were to 1) describe a cohort of women with dual diagnosis in terms of their social and health characteristics and 2) compare their risks for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes to those of women with IDD only. METHOD We conducted a population-based study using linked Ontario (Canada) health and social services administrative data to identify singleton obstetric deliveries to women with dual diagnosis (n = 2080) and women with IDD only (n = 1852; 2002-2012). Primary maternal outcomes were gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and venous thromboembolism. Primary neonatal outcomes were preterm birth, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age. We also examined several secondary outcomes. RESULTS Women with dual diagnosis were more likely than women with IDD only to live in poor neighborhoods and to have prepregnancy health conditions; however, they had more frequent prenatal care. Infants born to women with dual diagnosis had increased risks for preterm birth (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08 to 1.59) and neonatal morbidity (aRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.76) compared with infants born to women with IDD only. All other primary and secondary outcomes were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Comorbid mental illness contributes little additional risk for adverse perinatal outcomes among women with IDD. Women with dual diagnosis and women with IDD alone require increased surveillance for maternal and neonatal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary K Brown
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yona Lunsky
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simone Vigod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Brown HK, Cobigo V, Lunsky Y, Vigod SN. Maternal and offspring outcomes in women with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a population-based cohort study. BJOG 2016; 124:757-765. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HK Brown
- Women's College Research Institute and University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto ON Canada
| | - V Cobigo
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto ON Canada
- School of Psychology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Y Lunsky
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto ON Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - SN Vigod
- Women's College Research Institute and University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto ON Canada
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Potvin LA, Brown HK, Cobigo V. Social support received by women with intellectual and developmental disabilities during pregnancy and childbirth: An exploratory qualitative study. Midwifery 2016; 37:57-64. [PMID: 27217238 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE this study aims to contribute to the development of a conceptual framework that will inform maternity care improvements for expectant mothers with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) by exploring the structure, functions, and perceived quality of social support received by women with IDD during pregnancy and childbirth. DESIGN/SETTING using a grounded theory approach, we conducted an exploratory study set in Ontario, Canada in 2015. PARTICIPANTS the sample included four adult women with IDD who had given birth in the last five years. MEASUREMENTS data were collected using semi-structured interviews. FINDINGS the structure of social support received by women with IDD consisted of both formal and informal sources, but few or no friendships. Women with IDD reported high levels of informational and instrumental support and low levels of emotional support and social companionship. However, a high level of available support was not always perceived as beneficial. Emergent core categories suggest that social support is perceived as most effective when three conditions are met: (1) support is accessible, (2) support is provided by individuals expressing positive attitudes towards the pregnancy, and (3) autonomy is valued. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE our study confirms and identifies important gaps in the social support received by expectant mothers with IDD. Women with IDD currently lack accessible informational support, emotional support, and social companionship during pregnancy and childbirth. Additional findings regarding the structure and functions of social support are presented, and a preliminary conceptual framework of effective social support during pregnancy and childbirth, as perceived by women with IDD is also proposed. Findings suggest that increasing support accessibility should be a social and clinical priority; however, maternity care providers should be aware of stigmatizing attitudes and respect the autonomy of pregnant women with IDD as they prepare for motherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A Potvin
- University of Ottawa, School of Psychology, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier (5078), Ottawa, Canada ON K1N 6N5.
| | - Hilary K Brown
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, 76 Grenville Street, Toronto, Canada ON M5S 1B2.
| | - Virginie Cobigo
- University of Ottawa, School of Psychology, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier (5083), Ottawa, Canada ON K1N 6N5.
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