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Ntorkou M, Kabir A, Furton KG, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Sol-gel Carbowax 20M-zwitterionic ionic liquid composite sorbent-based capsule phase microextraction device combined with HPLC/post-column derivatization for the determination of lanreotide, a human somatostatin analogue in urine. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464674. [PMID: 38290172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this research, a sol-gel Carbowax 20M-zwitterionic ionic liquid composite sorbent-based capsule phase microextraction (CPME) device was developed in combination with liquid chromatography-post column derivatization for the first ever reported determination of a somatostatin analogue - lanreotide in human urine. The sol-gel Carbowax 20M-zwitterionic ionic liquid composite sorbent was encapsulated in the lumen of a polypropylene capillary tube and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The main steps of the CPME workflow were optimized to obtain high extraction efficiency for the target analyte. After the separation of the analyte on a C8 stationary phase, the peptide was derivatized online with o-phthalaldehyde before the fluorescence detection. The main experimental parameters of CPME and the post-column procedures were systematically investigated and optimized. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection (LOD), and limits of quantification (LOQ). The relative bias ranged between 88.8 and 115.6 % for the peptide, while the RSD values for repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 14.3 %. The achieved limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 μΜ while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was established as 0.9 μΜ. Finally, the sol-gel Carbowax 20M-zwitterionic ionic liquid composite sorbent-based microextraction capsules were found to be reusable for at least 20 extractions. The developed method presented adequate overall performance, and it could be applied in the analysis of selected peptide in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ntorkou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, 54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Martin PR, Buchner D, Jochmann MA, Haderlein SB. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a novel enrichment approach for compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of chlorinated phenols. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:919-929. [PMID: 38258526 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01981k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) via gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) is a potent tool to elucidate the fate of (semi-)volatile organic contaminants in technical and environmental systems. Yet, due to the comparatively low sensitivity of IRMS, an enrichment step prior to analysis often is inevitable. A promising approach for fast as well as economic analyte extraction and preconcentration prior to CSIA is dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) - a well-established technique in concentration analysis of contaminants from aqueous samples. Here, we present and evaluate the first DLLME method for GC-IRMS exemplified by the analysis of chlorinated phenols (4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) as model compounds. The analytes were simultaneously acetylated with acetic anhydride and extracted from the aqueous phase using a binary solvent mixture of acetone and tetrachloroethylene. With this method, reproducible δ13C values were achieved with errors ≤ 0.6‰ (n = 3) for aqueous concentrations down to 100 μg L-1. With preconcentration factors between 130 and 220, the method outperformed conventional liquid-liquid extraction in terms of sample preparation time and resource consumption with comparable reproducibility. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the suitability of the method (i) for the extraction of the analytes from a spiked river water sample and (ii) to quantify kinetic carbon isotope effect for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol during reduction with zero-valent zinc in a laboratory batch experiment. The presented work shows for the first time the potential of DLLME for analyte enrichment prior to CSIA and paves the way for further developments, such as the extraction of other compounds or scaling up to larger sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R Martin
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Buchner
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Rao W, Li L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Wei X, Wu Z, Qiu M, Wu S, Qi C, Zheng J, Cai S, Wang Z. Degradation Mechanism Study for Secondary Degradants in Rosuvastatin Calcium and Determination of Degradant Acetaldehyde Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography Coupled with Matrix Precipitation. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:493-501. [PMID: 38043685 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
During the development of headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) method for assessing residual solvents in rosuvastatin calcium (RSV) drug substance, acetaldehyde (AA) was detected in obtained chromatograms, with a calculated concentration of up to 226 ppm. After a series of experiments, it was established that acetaldehyde originates from matrix interference due to direct degradation of Imp-C, which is accompanied by the formation of impurity at relative retention time (RRT) 2.18, without the involvement of impurity at RRT 2.31. The thermal instability of Imp-C also results in the formation of impurity at RRT 2.31 through dehydration and decarboxylation. In addition, cyclization reaction of degradant at RRT 2.18 further resulted in the generation of impurity at RRT 2.22. The structure of these three degradants, were confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement. In order to minimize the said matrix interference, a simple precipitation procedure was proposed as a pretreatment to mitigate the impact of Imp-C. Subsequently, an HSGC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the degradant AA and the other five residual solvents used in RSV synthetic process. The final method was validated concerning precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbing Rao
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Lijun Li
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Yuting Liu
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Chenxia Zhang
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Wei
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Zeyi Wu
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Meiyan Qiu
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Shuming Wu
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Chunhui Qi
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Jinfu Zheng
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Shaoyu Cai
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China
| | - Zhongqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000 Hunan, China; HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, PR China.
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El-Deen AK, Magdy G, Shimizu K. A reverse micelle-mediated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of agomelatine and venlafaxine in pharmaceuticals and human plasma. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464441. [PMID: 37832460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction mediated with a reverse micelle and coupled to an HPLC-DAD was developed for the simultaneous determination of venlafaxine and agomelatine in dosage forms and human plasma. All the parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies of both drugs were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, an effective analytes' preconcentration with enrichment factors (EFs) up to 72 was achieved. The linearity of the method was established over the concentration range of 0.50-70.0 and 3.0-100.0 ng/mL for venlafaxine and agomelatine, respectively with good correlation coefficients > 0.998. The method exhibited low detection limits in the range of 0.15-0.89 ng/mL and excellent precisions expressed in %RSD < 3% with average recoveries between 95.0 to 101.0%. The proposed method was employed to analyze the targeted analytes in dosage forms and human plasma samples with favorable characteristics like excellent enrichment, high sensitivity, great accuracy, and high precision. Finally, the greenness of the developed method was assessed using three distinct metric tools, confirming the greenness of the proposed method. The findings of this research could have more general implications for the extraction of other analytes from various matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Kamal El-Deen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Galal Magdy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33511, Egypt
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
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5
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Zhang Y, Ren T, Fu R, Lu Q, Guo X, Di X. An effervescence-assisted switchable deep eutectic solvent based liquid-phase microextraction of triazole fungicides in drinking water and beverage. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464149. [PMID: 37343404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A new effervescence-assisted switchable deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase microextraction (EA-SDES-LPME) combined with HPLC-UV was developed for determination of common triazole fungicides in drinking water and beverages, including myclobutanil, flusilazole, hexaconazole and bitertanol. The alternative extraction solvent was prepared with hexafluoroisopropanol and dipropylamine with the merits of time-saving, easy to collect and cost-effectiveness. The SDES can be reversibly switched between hydrophilic and hydrophobic states by pH adjustment. The homogeneous extraction was achieved under the hydrophilic form of SDES, and the bi-phase separation was obtained easily by adjusting pH value to restore the original hydrophobicity. Moreover, the characterization of SDES was investigated by FTIR and 1H NMR. The main variables affecting extraction efficiency were optimized in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method shows desirable precision (RSDs less than 18.5%) and acceptable recovery (72.6-95.4%). The lower limits of detection and limits of quantitation were found to be in the range of 1-2 μg L-1 and 5-10 μg L-1, respectively. The formation mechanism of SDES and the extraction mechanism for target analytes were investigated by density functional theory. The proposed methodology was simplicity, sensitive, time-saving and successfully applied to determine triazole fungicides in drinking water and beverages, making it an alternative technique for the analysis of trace analytes with satisfactory sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Tingze Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ruiyu Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qingxin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xin Di
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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6
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Turković L, Koraj N, Mlinarić Z, Silovski T, Crnković S, Sertić M. Optimisation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for plasma sample preparation in bioanalysis of CDK4/6 inhibitors in therapeutic combinations for breast cancer treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18880. [PMID: 37593626 PMCID: PMC10432171 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors are novel anticancer drugs used in therapeutic combinations with endocrine therapy for breast cancer treatment. Their determination in patient plasma is of high interest as a prerequisite for possible therapeutic drug monitoring. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) shows great potential in bioanalytical sample preparation. Its simplicity and speed, along with the suitability for using small amounts of sample and hazardous solvents are some of its main advantages. However, its application on plasma samples is scarce and requires further development. The aim of this work was to explore the applicability of DLLME in the simultaneous extraction of six drugs of interest from human plasma, with an emphasis placed on achieving high extraction recoveries with low sample and solvent consumption. To tackle the low availability and amount of the plasma sample, as well as the complexity of the biological matrix, three novel DLLME modes are proposed: organic sample DLLME (OrS-DLLME), aqueous sample DLLME (AqS-DLLME), and a modified air-assisted DLLME (AA-DLLME). The extractant and disperser type and volume, volume ratios of all the components in the ternary system, effect of pH and salting out were optimised for all three proposed modes of DLLME. Optimised representative DLLME-HPLC-DAD-FLD method was validated and shown to be linear (R > 0.994), precise (RSD ≤13.8%, interday), accurate (bias -13.1-13.1%, interday) and robust (relative effect -3.34-6.08%). Simultaneous extraction of all six drugs with high recoveries (81.65-95.58%) was achieved. Sample volumes used were as low as 50-100 μL, with necessary organic solvent volumes in μL ranges. Greenness scores obtained using the AGREE software were between 0.63 and 0.66, demonstrating compliance with green analytical chemistry principles. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied on breast cancer patient plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Turković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natan Koraj
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Silovski
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Crnković
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Miranda Sertić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Shah PA, Shrivastav PS, Sharma VS, Chavda V. Uncovering the green frontier: harnessing deep eutectic solvents for sustainable bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:815-821. [PMID: 37551894 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Vinay S Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Vishwajit Chavda
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, India
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8
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Demirel R, Erarpat S, Bodur S, Günkara ÖT, Bakırdere S, Turak F. Synthesis of Isotopic Labelled Paracetamol Benzoate‐
d3
and Its Application in the Determination of Paracetamol. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Demirel
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
| | - Sezin Erarpat
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
- İstinye University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry 34010 İstanbul Türkiye
- İstinye University Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center 34010 İstanbul Türkiye
| | - Ömer Tahir Günkara
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA) Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112 06670, Çankaya Ankara Türkiye
| | - Fatma Turak
- Yıldız Technical University Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry 34220 İstanbul Türkiye
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Mahdavi R, Talebpour Z. Analytical approaches for determination of COVID-19 candidate drugs in human biological matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 160:116964. [PMID: 36816451 PMCID: PMC9922681 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of antiviral and other available drugs has been considered to combat or reduce the clinical symptoms of patients. In this regard, it would be necessary to choose sensitive and selective analytical techniques for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, monitoring of drug concentration in biological fluids, and determination of the most appropriate dose to achieve the desired effect on the disease. In the present study, the analytical techniques based on spectroscopy and chromatography with different detectors for diagnosis and determination of candidate drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 in human biological fluids are reviewed during the period 2015-2022. Moreover, various sample preparation and extraction techniques, are being used for this purpose, such as protein precipitation (PP), solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabee Mahdavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Talebpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran,Analytical and Bioanalytical Research Centre, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Xu XL, Wang B, Liu YW, Li WX, Wu JY, Yuan H, Xu X, Chen D. In-pipette-tip natural-feather-supported liquid microextraction for conveniently extracting hydrophobic compounds in aqueous samples: A proof-of-concept study. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Kannouma RE, Hammad MA, Kamal AH, Mansour FR. Miniaturization of Liquid-Liquid extraction; the barriers and the enablers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Chang J, Zhou J, Gao M, Zhang H, Wang T. Research Advances in the Analysis of Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Milk and Dairy Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193057. [PMID: 36230133 PMCID: PMC9563511 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are sources of exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (e-EDCs). Estrogenic disruptors can accumulate in organisms through the food chain and may negatively affect ecosystems and organisms even at low concentrations. Therefore, the analysis of e-EDCs in dairy products is of practical significance. Continuous efforts have been made to establish effective methods to detect e-EDCs, using convenient sample pretreatments and simple steps. This review aims to summarize the recently reported pretreatment methods for estrogenic disruptors, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid phase microextraction (LPME), determination methods including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Raman spectroscopy, and biosensors, to provide a reliable theoretical basis and operational method for e-EDC analysis in the future.
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13
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Li Z, Wu H, You JB, Wang X, Zeng H, Lohse D, Zhang X. Surface Nanodroplet-Based Extraction Combined with Offline Analytic Techniques for Chemical Detection and Quantification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11227-11235. [PMID: 36067516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction based on surface nanodroplets can be a green and sustainable technique to extract and concentrate analytes from a sample flow. However, because of the extremely small volume of each droplet (<10 fL, tens of micrometers in base radius and a few or less than 1 μm in height), only a few in situ analytical techniques, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, were applicable for the online detection and analysis based on nanodroplet extraction. To demonstrate the versatility of surface nanodroplet-based extraction, in this work, the formation of octanol surface nanodroplets and extraction were performed inside a 3 m Teflon capillary tube. After extraction, surface nanodroplets were collected by injecting air into the tube, by which the contact line of surface droplets was collected by the capillary force. As the capillary allows for the formation of ∼1012 surface nanodroplets on the capillary wall, ≥2 mL of octanol can be collected after extraction. The volume of the collected octanol was enough for the analysis of offline analytical techniques such as UV-vis, GC-MS, and others. Coupled with UV-vis, reliable extraction and detection of two common water pollutants, triclosan and chlorpyrifos, was shown by a linear relationship between the analyte concentration in the sample solution and UV-vis absorbance. Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 2 × 10-9 M for triclosan (∼0.58 μg/L) and 3 × 10-9 M for chlorpyrifos (∼1.05 μg/L) could be achieved. The collected surface droplets were also analyzed via gas chromatography (GC) and fluorescence microscopy. Our work shows that surface nanodroplet extraction may potentially streamline the process in sample pretreatment for sensitive chemical detection and quantification by using common analytic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jae Bem You
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY Devon, Alberta T9G 1A8, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, JM Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, JM Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
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14
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Overview of Different Modes and Applications of Liquid Phase-Based Microextraction Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid phase-based microextraction techniques (LPµETs) have attracted great attention from the scientific community since their invention and implementation mainly due to their high efficiency, low solvent and sample amount, enhanced selectivity and precision, and good reproducibility for a wide range of analytes. This review explores the different possibilities and applications of LPμETs including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and single-drop microextraction (SDME), highlighting its two main approaches, direct immersion-SDME and headspace-SDME, hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) in its two- and three-phase device modes using the donor–acceptor interactions, and electro membrane extraction (EME). Currently, these LPμETs are used in very different areas of interest, from the environment to food and beverages, pharmaceutical, clinical, and forensic analysis. Several important potential applications of each technique will be reported, highlighting its advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, the use of alternative and efficient “green” extraction solvents including nanostructured supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs, deep eutectic solvents (DES), and ionic liquids (ILs)) will be discussed.
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15
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Consolación Rodríguez-Palazón M, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Viñas P, Campillo N. Metabolomic study of capsaicinoid compounds in urine samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Olasupo A, Suah FBM. Trends in hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction for the preconcentration of pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous solution: A case for polymer inclusion membrane. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128573. [PMID: 35278960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds have been reported in samples from highly complex aqueous environments. Due to their low concentrations, efficient sample pretreatment methods are needed to clean samples and concentrate the compounds of interest prior to instrumental analysis. Hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) is an effective alternative to conventional techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) because it consumes less organic solvent and is less labour intensive with a short extraction time. HF-LPME involves the preconcentration and mass transfer of target analytes from an aqueous sample into an acceptor solution in the lumen of the fibre using a supported liquid membrane (SLM) impregnated in the hollow fibre pores. However, despite the high contaminant selectivity, reproducibility, and enrichment that HF-LPME offers, this technique is limited by membrane instability. Although several advances have been made to address membrane instability, they are either too costly or not feasible for industrial application. Hence, hollow fibre polymer inclusion membrane liquid-phase microextraction (HF-PIM-LPME) was introduced to ameliorate membrane instability. This new approach uses ionic liquids (ILs) as a green solvent, and has demonstrated high membrane stability, good contaminant enrichment, and similar selectivity and reproducibility to HF-SLM-LPME. Hence, this review aims to raise awareness of HF-PIM-LPME as a viable alternative for the selectivity and preconcentration of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayo Olasupo
- Green Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah
- Green Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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17
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A mixed deep eutectic solvents-based air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction of surfactants from exhaled breath condensate samples prior to HPLC-MS/MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1204:123289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Roszkowska A, Plenis A, Kowalski P, Bączek T, Olędzka I. Recent advancements in techniques for analyzing modern, atypical antidepressants in complex biological matrices and their application in biomedical studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Omotola EO, Oluwole AO, Oladoye PO, Olatunji OS. Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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20
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Application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as trace level drug extractants and drug solubility enhancers: State-of-the-art, prospects and challenges. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Ingle RG, Zeng S, Jiang H, Fang WJ. Current development of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:517-529. [PMID: 36105159 PMCID: PMC9463481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck step in bioanalysis because each biological matrix has its own unique challenges and complexity. Competent sample preparation to extract the desired analytes and remove redundant components is a crucial step in each bioanalytical approach. The matrix effect is a key hurdle in bioanalytical sample preparation, which has gained extensive consideration. Novel sample preparation techniques have advantages over classical techniques in terms of accuracy, automation, ease of sample preparation, storage, and shipment and have become increasingly popular over the past decade. Our objective is to provide a broad outline of current developments in various bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in chromatographic and spectroscopic examinations. In addition, how these techniques have gained considerable attention over the past decade in bioanalytical research is mentioned with preferred examples. Modern trends in bioanalytical sample preparation techniques, including sorbent-based microextraction techniques, are primarily emphasized. Bioanalytical sampling techniques are described with suitable applications in pharmaceuticals. The pros and cons of each bioanalytical sampling techniques are described. Relevant biological matrices are outlined.
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22
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Jiménez-Skrzypek G, Ortega-Zamora C, González-Sálamo J, Hernández-Borges J. Miniaturized green sample preparation approaches for pharmaceutical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114405. [PMID: 34653744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of green sample preparation procedures is an extremely important research field in which more and more applications are constantly being proposed in different areas, including pharmaceutical analysis. This review article is aimed at providing a general overview of the development of miniaturized green analytical sample preparation procedures in the pharmaceutical analysis field, with special focus on the works published between January 2017 and July 2021. Particular attention has been paid to the application of environmentally friendly solvents and sorbents as well as nanomaterials or high extraction capacity sorbents in which the solvent volumes and reagents amounts are drastically reduced, with their subsequent advantages from the sustainability point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Jiménez-Skrzypek
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Cecilia Ortega-Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España
| | - Javier González-Sálamo
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España.
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23
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Si-Hung L, Bamba T. Current state and future perspectives of supercritical fluid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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25
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Jouyban A, Ali Farajzadeh M, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Khodadadeian F, Nemati M, Khoubnasabjafari M. In-situ formation of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based on alpha terpineol and its application in liquid-liquid microextraction of three β-blockers from plasma samples. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Dowlatshah S, Saraji M, Fernández-Torres R, Ramos-Payán M. A microfluidic liquid phase microextraction method for drugs and parabens monitoring in human urine. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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A low-voltage electro-membrane extraction for quantification of imatinib and sunitinib in biological fluids. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1401-1413. [PMID: 34517777 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hollow-fiber-based supported liquid membrane was modified utilizing nanostructures such as graphite, graphene oxide or nitrogen-doped graphene oxide, for electro-membrane extraction (EME) of imatinib and sunitinib from biological fluids. By applying these conductive nanostructures, a low-voltage EME device (6.0 V) was fabricated. Materials & methods: A response surface methodology through central composite design was used to evaluate and optimize effects of various essential factors that influence on normalized recovery. Results: Optimal extraction conditions were set as, 1-octanol with 0.01 % (w/v) graphene oxide functioning as the supported liquid membrane, an extraction time of 17.0 min, pH of the acceptor and the donor phase of 2.8 and 7.9, respectively. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied to quantify imatinib and sunitinib in biological fluids.
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28
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Bilgin ZD, Evcil I, Yazgi D, Binay G, Okuyucu Genc C, Gulsen B, Huseynova A, Ozdemir AZ, Ozmen E, Usta Y, Ustun S, Caglar Andac S. Liquid Chromatographic Methods for COVID-19 Drugs, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:748-757. [PMID: 33336246 PMCID: PMC7799265 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been a threat throughout the world since December 2019. In attempts to discover an urgent treatment regime for COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been on solidarity clinical trial. However, many countries have pulled HCQ and CQ from their COVID-19 treatment regimens recently, some countries still continue using them for patients who have previously started HCQ and CQ and they may complete their course under the supervision of a doctor. HCQ and CQ are 4-aminoquinoline drugs and it is safe to use them for autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria as well. Determination of CQ, HCQ and their metabolites in biologic fluids and in pharmaceuticals has great importance, especially for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and epidemiological studies. In this review, liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years were summarized focusing on sample preparation and detection methods for HCQ and CQ determination in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations. It is hoped that this article could be helpful to facilitate the use of these drugs in clinical trials or drug research studies as it provides comprehensive information on the reported analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Derya Bilgin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Evcil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Yazgi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Binay
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Okuyucu Genc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Gulsen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aytaj Huseynova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Zehra Ozdemir
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Ozmen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yakup Usta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suade Ustun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sena Caglar Andac
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Analytical challenges and recent advances in the identification and quantitation of extractables and leachables in pharmaceutical and medical products. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Ouranidis A, Tsiaxerli A, Vardaka E, Markopoulou CK, Zacharis CK, Nicolaou I, Hatzichristou D, Haidich AB, Kostomitsopoulos N, Kachrimanis K. Sildenafil 4.0-Integrated Synthetic Chemistry, Formulation and Analytical Strategies Effecting Immense Therapeutic and Societal Impact in the Fourth Industrial Era. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:365. [PMID: 33920975 PMCID: PMC8071249 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a potent selective, reversible inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whilst twenty years have passed since its original approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), sildenafil enters the fourth industrial era catalyzing the treatment advances against erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. The plethora of detailed clinical data accumulated and the two sildenafil analogues marketed, namely tadalafil and vardenafil, signify the relevant therapeutic and commercial achievements. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior of the drug appears complex, interdependent and of critical importance whereas the treatment of special population cohorts is considered. The diversity of the available formulation strategies and their compatible administration routes, extend from tablets to bolus suspensions and from per os to intravenous, respectively, inheriting the associated strengths and weaknesses. In this comprehensive review, we attempt to elucidate the multi-disciplinary elements spanning the knowledge fields of chemical synthesis, physicochemical properties, pharmacology, clinical applications, biopharmaceutical profile, formulation approaches for different routes of administration and analytical strategies, currently employed to guide the development of sildenafil-based compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ouranidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiaxerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisavet Vardaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
| | - Catherine K. Markopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.K.M.); (C.K.Z.)
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Hatzichristou
- Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anna-Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.T.); (E.V.)
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31
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Daryanavard SM, Zolfaghari H, Abdel-Rehim A, Abdel-Rehim M. Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5105. [PMID: 33660303 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of biological samples is affected by interfering substances with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes, such as drugs. Biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, urine and saliva must be properly processed for separation, purification, enrichment and chemical modification to meet the requirements of the analytical instruments. This causes the sample preparation stage to be of undeniable importance in the analysis of such samples through methods such as microextraction techniques. The scope of this review will cover a comprehensive summary of available literature data on microextraction techniques playing a key role for analytical purposes, methods of their implementation in common biological samples, and finally, the most recent examples of application of microextraction techniques in preconcentration of analytes from urine, blood and saliva samples. The objectives and merits of each microextration technique are carefully described in detail with respect to the nature of the biological samples. This review presents the most recent and innovative work published on microextraction application in common biological samples, mostly focused on original studies reported from 2017 to date. The main sections of this review comprise an introduction to the microextraction techniques supported by recent application studies involving quantitative and qualitative results and summaries of the most significant, recently published applications of microextracion methods in biological samples. This article considers recent applications of several microextraction techniques in the field of sample preparation for biological samples including urine, blood and saliva, with consideration for extraction techniques, sample preparation and instrumental detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hesane Zolfaghari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Iran
| | - Abbi Abdel-Rehim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Functional Materials Division, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Dmitrieva E, Temerdashev A, Azaryan A, Gashimova E. Quantification of steroid hormones in human urine by DLLME and UHPLC-HRMS detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1159:122390. [PMID: 33126074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the quantification of steroid hormones of various classes in human urine (androgens, estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids) has been described consisting of sample preparation by means of dispersive liquid-liquid extraction after enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase from E. Coli followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (quadrupole time-of-flight) detection. Both one-variable-at-a-time and multivariate approaches (full factorial and Box-Behnken designs) were applied to optimize sample preparation conditions. The procedure was validated using synthetic urine in the concentration range of 0.25-500 ng/mL. Then, it was applied to the analysis of real urine samples and the results were compared with those of a common liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The results obtained proved its applicability to the quantification of steroid hormones in human urine with high sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dmitrieva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Azamat Temerdashev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russia.
| | - Alice Azaryan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Elina Gashimova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya St., Krasnodar 350040, Russia
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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Denghel H, Göen T. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and external real matrix calibration for the determination of the UV absorber 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV 328) and its metabolites in human blood. Talanta 2020; 223:121699. [PMID: 33303151 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV 328; CAS: 25973-55-1) is a benzotriazole ultraviolet light (BUV) absorber which is applied to plastics and other organic substances to prevent discoloration and enhance product stability. Therefore, UV 328 is frequently used as a plastic additive and may lead to an exposure of consumers. For a reliable assessment of UV 328 metabolism, an analytical method applying dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and advanced electron ionization was developed which allows the determination of UV 328 and six of its metabolites in human whole blood. Sample preparation was optimized with respect to DLLME parameters. A critical aspect of the procedure was the application of spiked human blood for calibration, which proved to be essential for achieving accurate results. Validation of the method resulted in limits of detection of 0.1 μg/L for all analytes. Variation coefficients ranged from 2 to 9% for intraday precision and from 3 to 11% for interday precision. Furthermore, relative recovery rates between 80 and 100% were calculated. Afterwards, the procedure was successfully applied to blood samples collected from a volunteer orally exposed to a single dose of UV 328. The method proved to be highly sensitive, repeatable and robust for all compounds and may further be used for studies to elucidate the human metabolism and kinetics of UV 328 and for biomonitoring of specific, environmental and occupational exposure to this UV stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Denghel
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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