1
|
Hashemzadeh V, Hashemzadeh A, Mohebbati R, Arefi RG, Yazdi MET. Fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles using alginate: In vitro and in vivo assessment of its administration effects with swimming exercise on diabetic rats. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220869. [PMID: 38645750 PMCID: PMC11032099 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique features that might lead to the development of a new class of diabetic medicines. AuNPs were biosynthesized utilizing sodium-alginate. UV-Vis-spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray were used to examine the particles. The potential of AuNPs for improving the diabetes condition was examined along with swimming in rats. FESEM image revealed the spherical morphology with an average particle size of 106.6 ± 20.8 nm. In the diabetic group, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher than the control group. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower in the diabetic group compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly higher in the D group. However, in the groups treated with swimming and gold, these parameters were significantly improved. Specifically, serum-glucose, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, and TG levels were significantly reduced, while LDL was significantly decreased in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group and HDL was significantly increased in the diabetic + AuNPs group. MDA levels were significantly decreased in the treated groups, and other antioxidants were significantly improved in the diabetic + swimming + AuNPs group. Catalase levels were also significantly improved in the D + gold group. It can be concluded that both AuNPs and swimming can decrease diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Hashemzadeh
- Department of Sport Science, Binaloud Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Hashemzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Pharmacological Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Reza Gharari Arefi
- Department of Sport Science, Binaloud Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Pharmacological Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bian J, Liebert A, Bicknell B, Chen X, Huang C, Pollock CA. Therapeutic Potential of Photobiomodulation for Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8043. [PMID: 35887386 PMCID: PMC9320354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global public health problem. The implementation of evidence-based clinical practices only defers the development of kidney failure. Death, transplantation, or dialysis are the consequences of kidney failure, resulting in a significant burden on the health system. Hence, innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed due to the limitations of current interventions. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a form of non-thermal light therapy, effectively mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, all of which are inherent in CKD. Preliminary studies suggest the benefits of PBM in multiple diseases, including CKD. Hence, this review will provide a concise summary of the underlying action mechanisms of PBM and its potential therapeutic effects on CKD. Based on the findings, PBM may represent a novel, non-invasive and non-pharmacological therapy for CKD, although more studies are necessary before PBM can be widely recommended.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wada Y, Suzuki A, Ishiguro H, Murakashi E, Numabe Y. Chronological Gene Expression of Human Gingival Fibroblasts with Low Reactive Level Laser (LLL) Irradiation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091952. [PMID: 34062904 PMCID: PMC8125544 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though previously studies have reported that Low reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) promotes wound healing, molecular level evidence was uncleared. The purpose of this study is to examine the temporal molecular processes of human immortalized gingival fibroblasts (HGF) by LLLT by the comprehensive analysis of gene expression. HGF was seeded, cultured for 24 h, and then irradiated with a Nd: YAG laser at 0.5 W for 30 s. After that, gene differential expression analysis and functional analysis were performed with DNA microarray at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after the irradiation. The number of genes with up- and downregulated differentially expression genes (DEGs) compared to the nonirradiated group was large at 6 and 12 h after the irradiation. From the functional analysis results of DEGs, Biological Process (BP) based Gene Ontology (GO), BP ‘the defense response’ is considered to be an important process with DAVID. Additionally, the results of PPI analysis of DEGs involved in the defense response with STRING, we found that the upregulated DEGs such as CXCL8 and NFKB1, and the downregulated DEGs such as NFKBIA and STAT1 were correlated with multiple genes. We estimate that these genes are key genes on the defense response after LLLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Wada
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan; (Y.W.); (H.I.); (E.M.); (Y.N.)
| | - Asami Suzuki
- Division of General Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, 2-3-16 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3261-5511
| | - Hitomi Ishiguro
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan; (Y.W.); (H.I.); (E.M.); (Y.N.)
- Dental Education Support Center, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Etsuko Murakashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan; (Y.W.); (H.I.); (E.M.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan; (Y.W.); (H.I.); (E.M.); (Y.N.)
- Dental Education Support Center, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heiskanen V, Pfiffner M, Partonen T. Sunlight and health: shifting the focus from vitamin D3 to photobiomodulation by red and near-infrared light. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101089. [PMID: 32464190 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Both sun exposure and serum vitamin D levels have been associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and chronic age-related diseases, e.g., cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, in epidemiological studies. These associations have mainly been ascribed to beneficial effects of vitamin D. However, a vast body of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Mendelian randomization studies have failed to confirm any major health benefits from vitamin D supplementation. In this review, we present tentative evidence showing that red and near-infrared light, both being present in sunlight, could explain the associations between sunlight exposure and better health status. Body irradiation with red and near-infrared light, usually termed as photobiomodulation (PBM), has demonstrated beneficial effects in animal models of chronic diseases. Beyond this, preliminary evidence from RCTs suggest potential clinical benefit from PBM for chronic diseases. PBM is currently being investigated in many pre-registered clinical trials, results of which will eventually clarify the role of red and near-infrared light in the prevention and treatment of common age-related chronic diseases.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahrabi B, Bahrami M, Moghadasali R, Zamanian-Azodi M, Khoramgah MS, Tabatabaei Mirakabad FS, Darabi S, Abbaszadeh HA. The Effect of Low-Power Laser Therapy on the TGF/β Signaling Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:220-225. [PMID: 32273966 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease by investigating several studies. Methods: A number of articles from 1998 to 2019 were chosen from the sources of PubMed, Scopus, and only the articles studying the effect of low-power lasers on kidney disease were investigated. Results: After reviewing the literature, 21 articles examining only the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease were found. The results of these studies showed that the parameter of the lowpower laser would result in different outcomes. So, a low-power laser with various parameters can be effective in the treatment of kidney diseases such as acute kidney disease, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, nephrectomy, metabolic syndrome, and kidney fibrosis. Most studies have shown that low-power lasers can affect TGFβ1 signaling which is the most important signaling in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Conclusion: Lasers can be effective in reducing or enhancing inflammatory responses, reducing fibrosis factors, and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in kidney disease and glomerular cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ahrabi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahrami
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Zamanian-Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Khoramgah
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahram Darabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beirne K, Rozanowska M, Votruba M. Photostimulation of mitochondria as a treatment for retinal neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:85-95. [PMID: 28499983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of photon energy by neuronal mitochondria leads to numerous downstream neuroprotective effects. Red and near infrared (NIR) light are associated with significantly less safety concerns than light of shorter wavelengths and they are therefore, the optimal choice for irradiating the retina. Potent neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in various models of retinal damage, by red/NIR light, with limited data from human studies showing its ability to improve visual function. Improved neuronal mitochondrial function, increased blood flow to neural tissue, upregulation of cell survival mediators and restoration of normal microglial function have all been proposed as potential underlying mechanisms of red/NIR light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Beirne
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Malgorzata Rozanowska
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Marcela Votruba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Cardiff Institute for Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ranjbar R, Takhtfooladi MA. The effects of photobiomodulation therapy on Staphylococcus aureus infected surgical wounds in diabetic rats. A microbiological, histopathological, and biomechanical study. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 31:498-504. [PMID: 27579876 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160080000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at 685 nm on diabetic wound healing in rats suffering from bacterial infection induced by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). METHODS Thirty streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were allocated into two groups: control and PBMT. A 4-cm full-thickness linear-incision was made on the dorsal midline and was contaminated with S. aureus. The wounds in the PBMT group were irradiated daily for 5 consecutive days, starting 3 days after the induction and always in the mornings. RESULTS The result revealed that PBMT resulted in a significant decrease in S. aureus CFU in the PBMT group in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). The length of wounds, in the 2nd and 3rd weeks, in the PBMT group were significantly shorter compared to the control group (P<0.05). PBMT caused a significant increase in the histological parameters in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, PBMT significantly increased the breaking strength of the surgical scars produced in the skin of the PBMT group when compared to the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Photobiomodulation therapy may be useful in the management of wound infection through a significant bacterial growth inhibition and an acceleration of wound healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Full professor, Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Design and supervised all phases of the study
| | - Mohammad Ashrafzadeh Takhtfooladi
- PhD, Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; statistical analysis; manuscript writing
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Costa Carvalho JL, de Brito AA, de Oliveira APL, de Castro Faria Neto HC, Pereira TM, de Carvalho RA, Anatriello E, Aimbire F. The chemokines secretion and the oxidative stress are targets of low-level laser therapy in allergic lung inflammation. J Biophotonics 2016; 9:1208-1221. [PMID: 27649282 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has an important anti-inflammatory action in acute lung inflammation. The present work explored if laser therapy is able to antagonize eosinophils and allergic inflammation induced by oxidative stress in Balb/c mice. Forty-eight hours after challenge, the leukocyte counting, ROS and nitrite/nitrate level, RANTES, CCL3, CCL8 as well as eotaxins were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of laser-treated mice or not. Into the lung, some chemokines receptors, the iNOS activity and mRNA expression, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, gluthatione, NADPH oxidase activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (T-Bars) were measured. Laser-treated allergic mice presented reduction of both the ICAM-1 and eosinophil in the lungs. RANTES, CCL8, CCL3 and eotaxins were reduced in BALF of laser-treated allergic mice. In allergic mice lung LLLT decreased the CCR1 and CCR3 and restored the oxidative stress balance as well. Laser decreased the lipidic peroxidation in allergic mice lung as much as increased SOD, GPx and GR. It shows that LLLT on allergic lung inflammation involves leukocyte-attractant chemokines and endogenous antioxidant. Based on results, LLLT may ultimately become a non- invasive option in allergic lung disease treatment. The top figure illustrates the laser decreasing the eosinophils migration into BALF and the bottom figure shows the laser upregulating the expression of heme-oxygenase (anti-oxidant enzyme) in lung tissue anti-oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Costa Carvalho
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, PO Box 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Auriléia Aparecida de Brito
- Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology-LABPEI, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Martini Pereira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology-LABPEI, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regiane Albertini de Carvalho
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, PO Box 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen Anatriello
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, PO Box 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Aimbire
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, PO Box 12231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roy S, Kern TS, Song B, Stuebe C. Mechanistic Insights into Pathological Changes in the Diabetic Retina: Implications for Targeting Diabetic Retinopathy. Am J Pathol 2016; 187:9-19. [PMID: 27846381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to inflammation as one of the key players in diabetes-mediating adverse effects to the neuronal and vascular components of the retina. Sustained inflammation induces biochemical and molecular changes, ultimately contributing to retinal complications and vision loss in diabetic retinopathy. In this review, we describe changes involving metabolic abnormalities secondary to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and activation of transcription factors, together with neuroglial alterations in the diabetic retina. Changes in biochemical pathways and how they promote pathophysiologic developments involving proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules are discussed. Inflammation-mediated leukostasis, retinal ischemia, and neovascularization and their contribution to pathological and clinical stages leading to vision loss in diabetic retinopathy (DR) are highlighted. In addition, potential treatment strategies involving fibrates, connexins, neuroprotectants, photobiomodulation, and anti-inflammatory agents against the development and progression of DR lesions are reviewed. The importance of appropriate animal models for testing novel strategies against DR lesions is discussed; in particular, a novel nonhuman primate model of DR and the suitability of rodent models are weighed. The purpose of this review is to highlight our current understanding of the pathogenesis of DR and to summarize recent advances using novel approaches or targets to investigate and inhibit the retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayon Roy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Brian Song
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caren Stuebe
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ranjbar R, Takhtfooladi MA. The effects of low level laser therapy on Staphylococcus aureus infected third-degree burns in diabetic rats. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:250-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160040000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li F, Lei T, Xie K, Wu X, Tang C, Jiang M, Liu J, Luo E, Shen G. Effects of extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic fields on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-treated rats. Biomed Eng Online 2016; 15:8. [PMID: 26786255 PMCID: PMC4717615 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic fields (ELFPMF) have been shown to induce Faraday currents and measurable effects on biological systems. A kind of very high frequency electromagnetic field was reported that it improved the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy (DN) which is a major complication of diabetes. However, few studies have examined the effects of ELFPMF DN at the present. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ELFPMF on DN in streptozotocin (STZ)–induced type 1 diabetic rats. Methods Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three weight-matched groups: Control (non-diabetic rats without DN), DN + ELFPMF (diabetic rats with DN exposed to ELFPMF, 8 h/days, 6 weeks) and DN (diabetic rats with DN exposed to sham ELFPMF). Renal morphology was examined by light and electron microscopy, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were measured by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay. Results After 6 weeks’ ELFPMF exposure, alterations of hyperglycemia and weight loss in STZ-treated rats with DN were not found, while both positive and negative effects of ELFPMF on the development of DN in diabetic rats were observed. The positive one was that ELFPMF exposure attenuated the pathological alterations in renal structure observed in STZ-treated rats with DN, which were demonstrated by slighter glomerular and tubule-interstitial lesions examined by light microscopy and slighter damage to glomerular basement membrane and podocyte foot processes examined by electron microscopy. And then, the negative one was that ELFPMF stimulation statistically significantly decreased renal expression of VEGF-A and statistically significantly increased renal expression of CTGF in diabetic rats with DN, which might partially aggravate the symptoms of DN. Conclusion Both positive and negative effects of ELFPMF on the development of DN in diabetic rats were observed. The positive effect induced by ELFPMF might play a dominant role in the procession of DN in diabetic rats, and it is suggested that the positive effect should be derived from the correction of pathogenic diabetes-induced mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feijiang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Tao Lei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kangning Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Chi Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Maogang Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Erping Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Guanghao Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saliba A, Du Y, Liu H, Patel S, Roberts R, Berkowitz BA, Kern TS. Photobiomodulation Mitigates Diabetes-Induced Retinopathy by Direct and Indirect Mechanisms: Evidence from Intervention Studies in Pigmented Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139003. [PMID: 26426815 PMCID: PMC4591336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Daily application of far-red light from the onset of diabetes mitigated diabetes-induced abnormalities in retinas of albino rats. Here, we test the hypothesis that photobiomodulation (PBM) is effective in diabetic, pigmented mice, even when delayed until weeks after onset of diabetes. Direct and indirect effects of PBM on the retina also were studied. Methods Diabetes was induced in C57Bl/6J mice using streptozotocin. Some diabetics were exposed to PBM therapy (4 min/day; 670 nm) daily. In one study, mice were diabetic for 4 weeks before initiation of PBM for an additional 10 weeks. Retinal oxidative stress, inflammation, and retinal function were measured. In some mice, heads were covered with a lead shield during PBM to prevent direct illumination of the eye, or animals were treated with an inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1. In a second study, PBM was initiated immediately after onset of diabetes, and administered daily for 2 months. These mice were examined using manganese-enhanced MRI to assess effects of PBM on transretinal calcium channel function in vivo. Results PBM intervention improved diabetes-induced changes in superoxide generation, leukostasis, expression of ICAM-1, and visual performance. PBM acted in part remotely from the retina because the beneficial effects were achieved even with the head shielded from the light therapy, and because leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of retinal endothelial cells was less in diabetics treated with PBM. SnPP+PBM significantly reduced iNOS expression compared to PBM alone, but significantly exacerbated leukostasis. In study 2, PBM largely mitigated diabetes-induced retinal calcium channel dysfunction in all retinal layers. Conclusions PBM induces retinal protection against abnormalities induced by diabetes in pigmented animals, and even as an intervention. Beneficial effects on the retina likely are mediated by both direct and indirect mechanisms. PBM is a novel non-pharmacologic treatment strategy to inhibit early changes of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Saliba
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haitao Liu
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shyam Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robin Roberts
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Berkowitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Timothy S. Kern
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Research Service 151, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kushibiki T, Hirasawa T, Okawa S, Ishihara M. Low Reactive Level Laser Therapy for Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:974864. [PMID: 26273309 DOI: 10.1155/2015/974864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT) is mainly focused on the activation of intracellular or extracellular chromophore and the initiation of cellular signaling by using low power lasers. Over the past forty years, it was realized that the laser therapy had the potential to improve wound healing and reduce pain and inflammation. In recent years, the term LLLT has become widely recognized in the field of regenerative medicine. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of action of LLLT at a cellular level and introduce the application to mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) therapies. Finally, our recent research results that LLLT enhanced the MSCs differentiation to osteoblast will also be described.
Collapse
|
14
|
Giacci MK, Wheeler L, Lovett S, Dishington E, Majda B, Bartlett CA, Thornton E, Harford-Wright E, Leonard A, Vink R, Harvey AR, Provis J, Dunlop SA, Hart NS, Hodgetts S, Natoli R, Van Den Heuvel C, Fitzgerald M. Differential effects of 670 and 830 nm red near infrared irradiation therapy: a comparative study of optic nerve injury, retinal degeneration, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104565. [PMID: 25105800 PMCID: PMC4126771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Red/near-infrared irradiation therapy (R/NIR-IT) delivered by laser or light-emitting diode (LED) has improved functional outcomes in a range of CNS injuries. However, translation of R/NIR-IT to the clinic for treatment of neurotrauma has been hampered by lack of comparative information regarding the degree of penetration of the delivered irradiation to the injury site and the optimal treatment parameters for different CNS injuries. We compared the treatment efficacy of R/NIR-IT at 670 nm and 830 nm, provided by narrow-band LED arrays adjusted to produce equal irradiance, in four in vivo rat models of CNS injury: partial optic nerve transection, light-induced retinal degeneration, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). The number of photons of 670 nm or 830 nm light reaching the SCI injury site was 6.6% and 11.3% of emitted light respectively. Treatment of rats with 670 nm R/NIR-IT following partial optic nerve transection significantly increased the number of visual responses at 7 days after injury (P ≤ 0.05); 830 nm R/NIR-IT was partially effective. 670 nm R/NIR-IT also significantly reduced reactive species and both 670 nm and 830 nm R/NIR-IT reduced hydroxynonenal immunoreactivity (P ≤ 0.05) in this model. Pre-treatment of light-induced retinal degeneration with 670 nm R/NIR-IT significantly reduced the number of Tunel+ cells and 8-hydroxyguanosine immunoreactivity (P ≤ 0.05); outcomes in 830 nm R/NIR-IT treated animals were not significantly different to controls. Treatment of fluid-percussion TBI with 670 nm or 830 nm R/NIR-IT did not result in improvements in motor or sensory function or lesion size at 7 days (P>0.05). Similarly, treatment of contusive SCI with 670 nm or 830 nm R/NIR-IT did not result in significant improvements in functional recovery or reduced cyst size at 28 days (P>0.05). Outcomes from this comparative study indicate that it will be necessary to optimise delivery devices, wavelength, intensity and duration of R/NIR-IT individually for different CNS injury types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K. Giacci
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Lachlan Wheeler
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Sarah Lovett
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Emma Dishington
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Bernadette Majda
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Carole A. Bartlett
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Emma Thornton
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Anna Leonard
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert Vink
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jan Provis
- ANU Medical School and John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Dunlop
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nathan S. Hart
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Neuroecology Group, The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Stuart Hodgetts
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- ANU Medical School and John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang YY, Nagata K, Tedford CE, McCarthy T, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) reduces oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons in vitro. J Biophotonics 2013; 6:829-38. [PMID: 23281261 PMCID: PMC3651776 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) involves absorption of photons being in the mitochondria of cells leading to improvement in electron transport, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and greater ATP production. Low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by LLLT in normal cells that are beneficial. We exposed primary cultured murine cortical neurons to oxidative stressors: hydrogen peroxide, cobalt chloride and rotenone in the presence or absence of LLLT (3 J/cm², CW, 810 nm wavelength laser, 20 mW/cm²). Cell viability was determined by Prestoblue™ assay. ROS in mitochondria was detected using Mito-sox, while ROS in cytoplasm was detected with CellRox™. MMP was measured with tetramethylrhodamine. In normal neurons LLLT elevated MMP and increased ROS. In oxidatively-stressed cells LLLT increased MMP but reduced high ROS levels and protected cultured cortical neurons from death. Although LLLT increases ROS in normal neurons, it reduces ROS in oxidatively-stressed neurons. In both cases MMP is increased. These data may explain how LLLT can reduce clinical oxidative stress in various lesions while increasing ROS in cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kazuya Nagata
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston MA 02114, USA
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yur F, Dede S, Karaca T, Çiftçi Yegin S, Değer Y, Özdemir H. The Effect of Glutathione Treatment on the Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Profile in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:427-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
17
|
Tang J, Du Y, Lee CA, Talahalli R, Eells JT, Kern TS. Low-intensity far-red light inhibits early lesions that contribute to diabetic retinopathy: in vivo and in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:3681-90. [PMID: 23557732 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment with light in the far-red to near-infrared region of the spectrum (photobiomodulation [PBM]) has beneficial effects in tissue injury. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of 670-nm PBM in rodent and cultured cell models of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Studies were conducted in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in cultured retinal cells. Diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities were assessed functionally, biochemically, and histologically in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We observed beneficial effects of PBM on the neural and vascular elements of retina. Daily 670-nm PBM treatment (6 J/cm(2)) resulted in significant inhibition in the diabetes-induced death of retinal ganglion cells, as well as a 50% improvement of the ERG amplitude (photopic b wave responses) (both P < 0.01). To explore the mechanism for these beneficial effects, we examined physiologic and molecular changes related to cell survival, oxidative stress, and inflammation. PBM did not alter cytochrome oxidase activity in the retina or in cultured retinal cells. PBM inhibited diabetes-induced superoxide production and preserved MnSOD expression in vivo. Diabetes significantly increased both leukostasis and expression of ICAM-1, and PBM essentially prevented both of these abnormalities. In cultured retinal cells, 30-mM glucose exposure increased superoxide production, inflammatory biomarker expression, and cell death. PBM inhibited all of these abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS PBM ameliorated lesions of diabetic retinopathy in vivo and reduced oxidative stress and cell death in vitro. PBM has been documented to have minimal risk. PBM is noninvasive, inexpensive, and easy to administer. We conclude that PBM is a simple adjunct therapy to attenuate the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Tang
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ucero AC, Sabban B, Benito-Martin A, Carrasco S, Joeken S, Ortiz A. Laser Therapy in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Kidney Injury. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:953-60. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
19
|
Begum R, Powner MB, Hudson N, Hogg C, Jeffery G. Treatment with 670 nm light up regulates cytochrome C oxidase expression and reduces inflammation in an age-related macular degeneration model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57828. [PMID: 23469078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an umbrella feature of ageing. It is present in the aged retina and many retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In ageing and in AMD mitochondrial function declines. In normal ageing this can be manipulated by brief exposure to 670 nm light on the retina, which increases mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces inflammation. Here we ask if 670 nm exposure has the same ability in an aged mouse model of AMD, the complement factor H knockout (CFH−/−) where inflammation is a key feature. Further, we ask whether this occurs when 670 nm is delivered briefly in environmental lighting rather than directly focussed on the retina. Mice were exposed to 670 nm for 6 minutes twice a day for 14 days in the form of supplemented environmental light. Exposed animals had significant increase in cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which is a mitochondrial enzyme regulating oxidative phosphorylation.There was a significant reduction in complement component C3, an inflammatory marker in the outer retina. Vimetin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, which reflect retinal stress in Muller glia, were also significantly down regulated. There were also significant changes in outer retinal macrophage morphology. However, amyloid beta (Aβ) load, which also increases with age in the outer retina and is pro-inflammatory, did not change. Hence, 670 nm is effective in reducing inflammation probably via COX activation in mice with a genotype similar to that in 50% of AMD patients even when brief exposures are delivered via environmental lighting. Further, inflammation can be reduced independent of Aβ. The efficacy revealed here supports current early stage clinical trials of 670 nm in AMD patients.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kokkinopoulos I, Colman A, Hogg C, Heckenlively J, Jeffery G. Age-related retinal inflammation is reduced by 670 nm light via increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:602-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
21
|
Tsai PY, Chen SM, Chen HY, Li YC, Imai K, Hsu KY, Lee JA. Proteome analysis of altered proteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidney using the fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:382-9. [PMID: 22972526 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To find new molecular markers for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, we applied fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the kidney of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with the sodium citrate buffer or streptozotocin and then killed after 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks. The results showed that seven proteins were significantly changed after 1 week of injection. Only one protein had significantly changed after 4 weeks of injection. However, after 12 weeks of injection, the number of altered proteins rose to 10. After 24 weeks of injection, 18 proteins had altered significantly. Five common proteins were significantly altered at week 12 and 24 after injection, respectively. Importantly, these proteins appeared prior to microalbuminuria and may serve as new biomarkers that are able to improve early detection of and new drug development for diabetic-related nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lim J, Gattone VH, Sinders R, Miller CA, Liang Y, Harris P, Watkins JB, Henshel DS. Acceleration of the meckel syndrome by near-infrared light therapy. Nephron Extra 2011; 1:224-34. [PMID: 22470396 PMCID: PMC3290858 DOI: 10.1159/000332046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background/Aims Phototherapy using a narrow-band, near-infrared (NIR) light (using a light-emitting diode, LED) is being used to treat certain medical conditions. This narrow-band red light has been shown to stimulate cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) in mitochondria that would stimulate ATP production and has the ability to stimulate wound healing. LED treatment also decreases chemical-induced oxidative stress in tested systems. As renal cystic diseases are known to have evidence of oxidative stress with reduced antioxidant protection, we hypothesized that NIR light therapy might ameliorate the renal pathology in renal cystic disease. Methods Wistar-Wpk/Wpk rats with Meckel syndrome (MKS) were treated with light therapy on days 10–18 at which time disease severity was evaluated. Wpk rats were either treated daily for 80 s with narrow-band red light (640–690 nm wavelength) or sham treated. At termination, renal and cerebral pathology was evaluated, and renal expression and activity of enzymes were assessed to evaluate oxidative stress. Blood was collected for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) determination, the left kidney frozen for biochemical evaluation, and the right kidney and head fixed for morphological evaluation. Results There were no significant effects of LED treatment on body weight (BW) or total kidney weight in non-cystic rats. Total kidney weight was increased and anephric BW was decreased in cystic versus non-cystic controls. LED reduced BW and total kidney weight in cystic rats compared to non-light-treated cystic (control) rats. BUN was already increased almost 6-fold in cystic rats compared to control rats. BUN was further increased almost 2-fold with NIR treatment in both non-cystic and cystic rats compared to cystic and control rats. The hydrocephalus associated with Wpk/Wpk (ventricular volume expressed as total volume and as percent of anephric BW) was also more severe in NIR-treated cystic rats compared to the normal control rats. Renal glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT) were reduced in the cystic kidney while superoxide dismutase and CCO were increased. NIR increased CAT and CCO, marginally decreased glutathione S-transferase and slightly decreased glutathione reductase in cystic rats compared to the normal control rats. The detrimental effects of NIR may be related to reduced renal blood flow associated with progression of cystic pathology. Compression by cysts may not allow sufficient oxygen or nutrient supply necessary to support the increased oxidative phosphorylation-associated cellular activity, and the increased demand induced by NIR-increased CCO may have created further oxidative stress. Conclusion LED phototherapy initiated after the onset of symptoms was detrimental to MKS-induced pathology. NIR stimulates CCO thereby increasing the kidney's need for oxygen. We hypothesize that cystic compression of the vasculature impairs oxygen availability and the enhanced CCO activity produces more radicals, which are not sufficiently detoxified by the increased CAT activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- Department of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carroll JD. Photomedicine and LLLT literature watch. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:445-6. [PMID: 20545525 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.9936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|