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Bernacki MJ, Mielecki J, Antczak A, Drożdżek M, Witoń D, Dąbrowska-Bronk J, Gawroński P, Burdiak P, Marchwicka M, Rusaczonek A, Dąbkowska-Susfał K, Strobel WR, Mellerowicz EJ, Zawadzki J, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. Biotechnological Potential of the Stress Response and Plant Cell Death Regulators Proteins in the Biofuel Industry. Cells 2023; 12:2018. [PMID: 37626829 PMCID: PMC10453534 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of biofuel from lignocellulosic biomass is relatively low due to the limited knowledge about natural cell wall loosening and cellulolytic processes in plants. Industrial separation of cellulose fiber mass from lignin, its saccharification and alcoholic fermentation is still cost-ineffective and environmentally unfriendly. Assuming that the green transformation is inevitable and that new sources of raw materials for biofuels are needed, we decided to study cell death-a natural process occurring in plants in the context of reducing the recalcitrance of lignocellulose for the production of second-generation bioethanol. "Members of the enzyme families responsible for lysigenous aerenchyma formation were identified during the root hypoxia stress in Arabidopsis thaliana cell death mutants. The cell death regulatory genes, LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1), PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) conditionally regulate the cell wall when suppressed in transgenic aspen. During four years of growth in the field, the following effects were observed: lignin content was reduced, the cellulose fiber polymerization degree increased and the growth itself was unaffected. The wood of transgenic trees was more efficient as a substrate for saccharification, alcoholic fermentation and bioethanol production. The presented results may trigger the development of novel biotechnologies in the biofuel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Jakub Mielecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Andrzej Antczak
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.); (M.D.); (M.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Michał Drożdżek
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.); (M.D.); (M.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Joanna Dąbrowska-Bronk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Paweł Burdiak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Monika Marchwicka
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.); (M.D.); (M.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Wacław Roman Strobel
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa J. Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Janusz Zawadzki
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.); (M.D.); (M.M.); (J.Z.)
| | | | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
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Flannery SE, Pastorelli F, Wood WHJ, Hunter CN, Dickman MJ, Jackson PJ, Johnson MP. Comparative proteomics of thylakoids from Arabidopsis grown in laboratory and field conditions. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e355. [PMID: 34712896 PMCID: PMC8528093 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Compared to controlled laboratory conditions, plant growth in the field is rarely optimal since it is frequently challenged by large fluctuations in light and temperature which lower the efficiency of photosynthesis and lead to photo-oxidative stress. Plants grown under natural conditions therefore place an increased onus on the regulatory mechanisms that protect and repair the delicate photosynthetic machinery. Yet, the exact changes in thylakoid proteome composition which allow plants to acclimate to the natural environment remain largely unexplored. Here, we use quantitative label-free proteomics to demonstrate that field-grown Arabidopsis plants incorporate aspects of both the low and high light acclimation strategies previously observed in laboratory-grown plants. Field plants showed increases in the relative abundance of ATP synthase, cytochrome b 6 f, ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (FNR1 and FNR2) and their membrane tethers TIC62 and TROL, thylakoid architecture proteins CURT1A, CURT1B, RIQ1, and RIQ2, the minor monomeric antenna complex CP29.3, rapidly-relaxing non-photochemical quenching (qE)-related proteins PSBS and VDE, the photosystem II (PSII) repair machinery and the cyclic electron transfer complexes NDH, PGRL1B, and PGR5, in addition to decreases in the amounts of LHCII trimers composed of LHCB1.1, LHCB1.2, LHCB1.4, and LHCB2 proteins and CP29.2, all features typical of a laboratory high light acclimation response. Conversely, field plants also showed increases in the abundance of light harvesting proteins LHCB1.3 and CP29.1, zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and the slowly-relaxing non-photochemical quenching (qI)-related protein LCNP, changes previously associated with a laboratory low light acclimation response. Field plants also showed distinct changes to the proteome including the appearance of stress-related proteins ELIP1 and ELIP2 and changes to proteins that are largely invariant under laboratory conditions such as state transition related proteins STN7 and TAP38. We discuss the significance of these alterations in the thylakoid proteome considering the unique set of challenges faced by plants growing under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Flannery
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Federica Pastorelli
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - William H. J. Wood
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - C. Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Mark J. Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Philip J. Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Matthew P. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Witoń D, Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Dąbrowska-Bronk J, Czarnocka W, Bernacki M, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 impacts leaf development, temperature, and stomatal movement in hybrid aspen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2190-2204. [PMID: 34010410 PMCID: PMC8331162 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement and density influence plant water use efficiency and thus biomass production. Studies in model plants within controlled environments suggest MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 (MPK4) may be crucial for stomatal regulation. We present functional analysis of MPK4 for hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) grown under natural field conditions for several seasons. We provide evidence of the role of MPK4 in the genetic and environmental regulation of stomatal formation, differentiation, signaling, and function; control of the photosynthetic and thermal status of leaves; and growth and acclimation responses. The long-term acclimation manifested as variations in stomatal density and distribution. Short-term acclimation responses were derived from changes in the stomatal aperture. MPK4 localized in the cytoplasm of guard cells (GCs) was a positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent stomatal closure and nitric oxide metabolism in the ABA-dependent pathways, while to a lesser extent, it was involved in ABA-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation. MPK4 also affected the stomatal aperture through deregulation of microtubule patterns and cell wall structure and composition, including via pectin methyl-esterification, and extensin levels in the GC wall. Deregulation of leaf anatomy (cell compaction) and stomatal movement, together with increased light energy absorption, resulted in altered leaf temperature, photosynthesis, cell death, and biomass accumulation in mpk4 transgenic plants. Divergence between absorbed energy and assimilated energy is a bottleneck, and MPK4 can participate in the control of energy dissipation (thermal effects). Furthermore, MPK4 can participate in balancing the photosynthetic energy distribution via its effective use in growth or redirection to acclimation/defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02776, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Dąbrowska-Bronk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02776, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02776, Poland
| | - Maciej Bernacki
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Raszyn 05090, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow 30239, Poland
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Błonie 05870, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02776, Poland
- Author for communication:
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Rusaczonek A, Czarnocka W, Willems P, Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. Phototropin 1 and 2 Influence Photosynthesis, UV-C Induced Photooxidative Stress Responses, and Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020200. [PMID: 33498294 PMCID: PMC7909289 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototropins are plasma membrane-associated photoreceptors of blue light and UV-A/B radiation. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes two phototropins, PHOT1 and PHOT2, that mediate phototropism, chloroplast positioning, and stomatal opening. They are well characterized in terms of photomorphogenetic processes, but so far, little was known about their involvement in photosynthesis, oxidative stress responses, and cell death. By analyzing phot1, phot2 single, and phot1phot2 double mutants, we demonstrated that both phototropins influence the photochemical and non-photochemical reactions, photosynthetic pigments composition, stomata conductance, and water-use efficiency. After oxidative stress caused by UV-C treatment, phot1 and phot2 single and double mutants showed a significantly reduced accumulation of H2O2 and more efficient photosynthetic electron transport compared to the wild type. However, all phot mutants exhibited higher levels of cell death four days after UV-C treatment, as well as deregulated gene expression. Taken together, our results reveal that on the one hand, both phot1 and phot2 contribute to the inhibition of UV-C-induced foliar cell death, but on the other hand, they also contribute to the maintenance of foliar H2O2 levels and optimal intensity of photochemical reactions and non-photochemical quenching after an exposure to UV-C stress. Our data indicate a novel role for phototropins in the condition-dependent optimization of photosynthesis, growth, and water-use efficiency as well as oxidative stress and cell death response after UV-C exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (F.V.B.)
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (F.V.B.)
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.K.)
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Moreau S, van Aubel G, Janky R, Van Cutsem P. Chloroplast Electron Chain, ROS Production, and Redox Homeostasis Are Modulated by COS-OGA Elicitation in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:597589. [PMID: 33381134 PMCID: PMC7768011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.597589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The stimulation of plant innate immunity by elicitors is an emerging technique in agriculture that contributes more and more to residue-free crop protection. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to study gene transcription in tomato leaves treated three times with the chitooligosaccharides-oligogalacturonides (COS-OGA) elicitor FytoSave® that induces plants to fend off against biotrophic pathogens. Results showed a clear upregulation of sequences that code for chloroplast proteins of the electron transport chain, especially Photosystem I (PSI) and ferredoxin. Concomitantly, stomatal conductance decreased by half, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] content and reactive oxygen species production doubled, but fresh and dry weights were unaffected. Chlorophyll, β-carotene, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin contents decreased consistently upon repeated elicitations. Fluorescence measurements indicated a transient decrease of the effective PSII quantum yield and a non-photochemical quenching increase but only after the first spraying. Taken together, this suggests that plant defense induction by COS-OGA induces a long-term acclimation mechanism and increases the role of the electron transport chain of the chloroplast to supply electrons needed to mount defenses targeted to the apoplast without compromising biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Moreau
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Géraldine van Aubel
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- FytoFend S.A., Isnes, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Van Cutsem
- Research Unit in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Department, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- FytoFend S.A., Isnes, Belgium
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6
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Czarnocka W, Rusaczonek A, Willems P, Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. Novel Role of JAC1 in Influencing Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, and Photooxidative Stress Signalling Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1124. [PMID: 32849690 PMCID: PMC7403226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of light absorption under variable light conditions is essential to optimize photosynthetic and acclimatory processes in plants. Light energy absorbed in excess has a damaging effect on chloroplasts and can lead to cell death. Therefore, plants have evolved protective mechanisms against excess excitation energy that include chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses. One of the proteins involved in facilitating chloroplast movements in Arabidopsis thaliana is the J domain-containing protein required for chloroplast accumulation response 1 (JAC1). The function of JAC1 relates to the chloroplast actin filaments appearance and disappearance. So far, the role of JAC1 was studied mainly in terms of chloroplasts photorelocation. Here, we demonstrate that the function of JAC1 is more complex, since it influences the composition of photosynthetic pigments, the efficiency of photosynthesis, and the CO2 uptake rate. JAC1 has positive effect on water use efficiency (WUE) by reducing stomatal aperture and water vapor conductance. Importantly, we show that the stomatal aperture regulation is genetically coupled with JAC1 activity. In addition, our data demonstrate that JAC1 is involved in the fine-tuning of H2O2 foliar levels, antioxidant enzymes activities and cell death after UV-C photooxidative stress. This work uncovers a novel function for JAC1 in affecting photosynthesis, CO2 uptake, and photooxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Weronika Czarnocka,
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Tshabuse F, Farrant JM, Humbert L, Moura D, Rainteau D, Espinasse C, Idrissi A, Merlier F, Acket S, Rafudeen MS, Thomasset B, Ruelland E. Glycerolipid analysis during desiccation and recovery of the resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis (Bak) Dur and Schinz. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:533-547. [PMID: 28865108 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Xerophyta humilis is a poikilochlorophyllous monocot resurrection plant used as a model to study vegetative desiccation tolerance. Dehydration imposes tension and ultimate loss of integrity of membranes in desiccation sensitive species. We investigated the predominant molecular species of glycerolipids present in root and leaf tissues, using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, and then analysed changes therein during dehydration and subsequent rehydration of whole plants. The presence of fatty acids with long carbon chains and with odd numbers of carbons were detected and confirmed by gas chromatography. Dehydration of both leaves and roots resulted in an increase in species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in disaturated species. Upon rehydration, lipid saturation was reversed, with this being initiated immediately upon watering in roots but only 12-24 hr later in leaves. Relative levels of species with short-chained odd-numbered saturated fatty acids decreased during dehydration and increased during rehydration, whereas the reverse trend was observed for long-chained fatty acids. X. humilis has a unique lipid composition, this report being one of the few to demonstrate the presence of odd-numbered fatty acids in plant phosphoglycerolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freedom Tshabuse
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Lydie Humbert
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, CNRS UMR7203, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Faculté de Médecine-Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Deborah Moura
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Laboratoire des BioMolécules, CNRS UMR7203, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Faculté de Médecine-Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Christophe Espinasse
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Abdelghani Idrissi
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Franck Merlier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Acket
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Mohamad S Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Technologique de Compiegne (UTC), Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire (GEC), FRE-CNRS 3580, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Université Paris-Est, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
- CNRS, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences Environnementales de Paris, UMR7618, 94010, Créteil cedex, France
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8
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Chojak-Koźniewska J, Kuźniak E, Linkiewicz A, Sowa S. Primary carbon metabolism-related changes in cucumber exposed to single and sequential treatments with salt stress and bacterial infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:160-169. [PMID: 29247936 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how salt stress interacts with bacterial infection at the metabolic level. We measured chlorophyll a fluorescence as well as profiles of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH) and fumarase activities, malic and citric acids contents and the expression of NADP-ICDH and NADP-ME in the organ-dependent (root vs leaves) response of cucumber plants exposed to individual or sequential action of salt stress (50 mM or 100 mM NaCl) and Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans (Psl). NaCl treatment, Psl infection and the combination of these stresses caused disturbances in the activity of photosystem II which were suggested to specifically transmit the stress signals. PEPC and NADP-ME were induced in cucumber plants under stress, confirming that in C3 plants they function in defence responses. The profiles of malate and citrate contents, PEPC as well as NADP-ICDH and NADP-ME activities and gene expression in response to a combination of salt and pathogen stresses differed from those provoked by individual stress with respect to the direction, intensity and timing. The results indicated that the most pronounced defence response related to the readjustment of the carbon metabolism was observed in the leaves of plants exposed to combined stress. Intense activity changes of NADPH-generating enzymes, NADP-ICDH and NADP-ME, characterized the tailored response to combined stress and could be important for the integration of defence mechanisms between organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chojak-Koźniewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland; Genetically Modified Organisms Controlling Laboratory, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anna Linkiewicz
- Genetically Modified Organisms Controlling Laboratory, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
| | - Sławomir Sowa
- Genetically Modified Organisms Controlling Laboratory, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland
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Cetner MD, Kalaji HM, Goltsev V, Aleksandrov V, Kowalczyk K, Borucki W, Jajoo A. Effects of nitrogen-deficiency on efficiency of light-harvesting apparatus in radish. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:81-92. [PMID: 28850868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen starvation has been stated to reduce chlorophyll a and accessory pigments, decrease photosynthetic efficiency, as well as modify chloroplast thylakoid membranes. However, the impact of N-deficiency on light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis has not been well understood. In this study, efficiency and structure of light-harvesting complex under N-deficiency conditions were investigated in two radish cultivars (Raphanus sativus var. sativus 'Fluo HF1' and 'Suntella F1'). Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis were investigated by measuring in vivo chlorophyll a prompt fluorescence signal. Acquired data were utilised in two ways: by plotting fast induction curves and calculating OJIP-test biophysical parameters. Detailed analysis of difference curves as well as OJIP-test results showed that major disturbances were associated with photosystem II and its subunits, including decoupling of light-harvesting complexes, dysfunction of oxygen-evolving complex, and reaction centres inactivation. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II primary photochemistry was severely restricted, causing an inhibition in electron transport through successive protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane. Structural changes were demonstrated by recording images using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). TEM investigations showed intensive starch accumulation under N-deficiency. Rare thylakoid stacks distributed in tiny layers of stroma around grains and chloroplast periphery were observed in cells of N-deficient plants. The application of principal component analysis (PCA) on OJIP-test results allowed characterizing the dynamics of stress response and separating parameters according to their influence on plants stress response. 'Suntella F1' genotype was found to be more sensitive to nitrogen deficiency as compared to 'Fluo HF1' genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Cetner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - H M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - V Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kl. Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 DraganTzankov Blvd., Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - V Aleksandrov
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kl. Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 DraganTzankov Blvd., Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
| | - K Kowalczyk
- Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Borucki
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452017, India.
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10
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Rozpądek P, Rąpała-Kozik M, Wężowicz K, Grandin A, Karlsson S, Ważny R, Anielska T, Turnau K. Arbuscular mycorrhiza improves yield and nutritional properties of onion (Allium cepa). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 107:264-272. [PMID: 27318800 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Improving the nutritional value of commonly cultivated crops is one of the most pending problems for modern agriculture. In natural environments plants associate with a multitude of fungal microorganisms that improve plant fitness. The best described group are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These fungi have been previously shown to improve the quality and yield of several common crops. In this study we tested the potential utilization of Rhizophagus irregularis in accelerating growth and increasing the content of important dietary phytochemicals in onion (Allium cepa). Our results clearly indicate that biomass production, the abundance of vitamin B1 and its analogues and organic acid concentration can be improved by inoculating the plant with AM fungi. We have shown that improved growth is accompanied with up-regulated electron transport in PSII and antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rozpądek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rąpała-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wężowicz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Grandin
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rafał Ważny
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Teresa Anielska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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11
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Szechyńska-Hebda M, Czarnocka W, Hebda M, Bernacki MJ, Karpiński S. PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 regulate drought tolerance, plant biomass production, and cell wall properties. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:527-39. [PMID: 26754794 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis and poplar with modified PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 genes exhibit successful growth under drought stress. The acclimatory strategies depend on cell division/cell death control and altered cell wall composition. The increase of plant tolerance towards environmental stresses would open much opportunity for successful plant cultivation in these areas that were previously considered as ineligible, e.g. in areas with poor irrigation. In this study, we performed functional analysis of proteins encoded by PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4), LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) genes to explain their role in drought tolerance and biomass production in two different species: Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus tremula × tremuloides. Arabidopsis mutants pad4-5, lsd1-1, eds1-1 and transgenic poplar lines PAD4-RNAi, LSD1-RNAi and ESD1-RNAi were examined in terms of different morphological and physiological parameters. Our experiments proved that Arabidopsis PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 play an important role in survival under drought stress and regulate plant vegetative and generative growth. Biomass production and acclimatory strategies in poplar were also orchestrated via a genetic system of PAD4 and LSD1 which balanced the cell division and cell death processes. Furthermore, improved rate of cell division/cell differentiation and altered physical properties of poplar wood were the outcome of PAD4- and LSD1-dependent changes in cell wall structure and composition. Our results demonstrate that PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 constitute a molecular hub, which integrates plant responses to water stress, vegetative biomass production and generative development. The applicable goal of our research was to generate transgenic plants with regulatory mechanism that perceives stress signals to optimize plant growth and biomass production in semi-stress field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Hebda
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej J Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Rusaczonek A, Czarnocka W, Kacprzak S, Witoń D, Ślesak I, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Gawroński P, Karpiński S. Role of phytochromes A and B in the regulation of cell death and acclimatory responses to UV stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6679-95. [PMID: 26385378 PMCID: PMC4623682 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants coordinate their responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses in order to optimize their developmental and acclimatory programmes. The ultimate response to an excessive amount of stress is local induction of cell death mechanisms. The death of certain cells can help to maintain tissue homeostasis and enable nutrient remobilization, thus increasing the survival chances of the whole organism in unfavourable environmental conditions. UV radiation is one of the environmental factors that negatively affects the photosynthetic process and triggers cell death. The aim of this work was to evaluate a possible role of the red/far-red light photoreceptors phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) and their interrelations during acclimatory responses to UV stress. We showed that UV-C treatment caused a disturbance in photosystem II and a deregulation of photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzymes activities, followed by increased cell mortality rate in phyB and phyAB null mutants. We also propose a regulatory role of phyA and phyB in CO2 assimilation, non-photochemical quenching, reactive oxygen species accumulation and salicylic acid content. Taken together, our results suggest a novel role of phytochromes as putative regulators of cell death and acclimatory responses to UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kacprzak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Ireneusz Ślesak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
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13
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Micol-Ponce R, Sánchez-García AB, Xu Q, Barrero JM, Micol JL, Ponce MR. Arabidopsis INCURVATA2 Regulates Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Signaling, and Oxidative Stress Responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:2207-2219. [PMID: 26423959 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory states can persist through mitosis and meiosis, but the connection between chromatin structure and DNA replication remains unclear. Arabidopsis INCURVATA2 (ICU2) encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α, and null alleles of ICU2 have an embryo-lethal phenotype. Analysis of icu2-1, a hypomorphic allele of ICU2, demonstrated that ICU2 functions in chromatin-mediated cellular memory; icu2-1 strongly impairs ICU2 function in the maintenance of repressive epigenetic marks but does not seem to affect ICU2 polymerase activity. To better understand the global function of ICU2 in epigenetic regulation, here we performed a microarray analysis of icu2-1 mutant plants. We found that the genes up-regulated in the icu2-1 mutant included genes encoding transcription factors and targets of the Polycomb Repressive Complexes. The down-regulated genes included many known players in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and accumulation, ABA signaling and ABA-mediated responses. In addition, we found that icu2-1 plants had reduced SA levels in normal conditions; infection by Fusarium oxysporum induced SA accumulation in the En-2 wild type but not in the icu2-1 mutant. The icu2-1 plants were also hypersensitive to salt stress and exogenous ABA in seedling establishment, post-germination growth and stomatal closure, and accumulated more ABA than the wild type in response to salt stress. The icu2-1 mutant also showed high tolerance to the oxidative stress produced by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT). Our results uncover a role for ICU2 in the regulation of genes involved in ABA signaling as well as in SA biosynthesis and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sánchez-García
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Qian Xu
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - José María Barrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
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14
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Ślesak I, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Fedak H, Sidoruk N, Dąbrowska-Bronk J, Witoń D, Rusaczonek A, Antczak A, Drożdżek M, Karpińska B, Karpiński S. PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 affects reactive oxygen species metabolism, cell wall and wood properties in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × tremuloides). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1275-84. [PMID: 24943986 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAD4) is involved in the regulation of plant--pathogen interactions. The role of PAD4 in woody plants is not known; therefore, we characterized its function in hybrid aspen and its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signalling and wood development. Three independent transgenic lines with different suppression levels of poplar PAD expression were generated. All these lines displayed deregulated ROS metabolism, which was manifested by an increased H2O2 level in the leaves and shoots, and higher activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT) in the leaves in comparison to the wild-type plants. However, no changes in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) between the transgenic lines and wild type were observed in the leaves. Moreover, changes in the ROS metabolism in the pad4 transgenic lines positively correlated with wood formation. A higher rate of cell division, decreased tracheid average size and numbers, and increased cell wall thickness were observed. The results presented here suggest that the Populus tremula × tremuloides PAD gene might be involved in the regulation of cellular ROS homeostasis and in the cell division--cell death balance that is associated with wood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Ślesak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Fedak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Natalia Sidoruk
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Dąbrowska-Bronk
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Antczak
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Preservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michał Drożdżek
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Preservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Karpińska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
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15
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Burdiak P, Rusaczonek A, Witoń D, Głów D, Karpiński S. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase CRK5 as a regulator of growth, development, and ultraviolet radiation responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3325-37. [PMID: 25969551 PMCID: PMC4449547 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, receptor-like protein kinases play essential roles in signal transduction by recognizing extracellular stimuli and activating the downstream signalling pathways. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) constitute a large subfamily of receptor-like protein kinases, with 44 members in Arabidopsis thaliana. They are distinguished by the novel C-X8-C-X2-C motif (DUF26) in the extracellular domains. One of them, CRK5, is an important component of the biochemical machinery involved in the regulation of essential physiological processes. Functional characterization of crk5 mutant plants showed their clear phenotype, manifested by impaired stomatal conductance and accelerated senescence. This phenotype correlated with accumulation of reactive oxygen species, higher foliar levels of ethylene and salicylic acid, and increased transcript abundance for genes associated with signalling pathways corresponding to these hormones. Moreover, the crk5 plants displayed enhanced cell death and oxidative damage in response to ultraviolet radiation. Complementation of CRK5 mutation managed to recover the wild-type phenotype, indicating an essential role of this gene in the regulation of growth, development, and acclimatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Burdiak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Głów
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Waszczak C, Akter S, Jacques S, Huang J, Messens J, Van Breusegem F. Oxidative post-translational modifications of cysteine residues in plant signal transduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2923-34. [PMID: 25750423 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, fluctuation of the redox balance by altered levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect many aspects of cellular physiology. ROS homeostasis is governed by a diversified set of antioxidant systems. Perturbation of this homeostasis leads to transient or permanent changes in the redox status and is exploited by plants in different stress signalling mechanisms. Understanding how plants sense ROS and transduce these stimuli into downstream biological responses is still a major challenge. ROS can provoke reversible and irreversible modifications to proteins that act in diverse signalling pathways. These oxidative post-translational modifications (Ox-PTMs) lead to oxidative damage and/or trigger structural alterations in these target proteins. Characterization of the effect of individual Ox-PTMs on individual proteins is the key to a better understanding of how cells interpret the oxidative signals that arise from developmental cues and stress conditions. This review focuses on ROS-mediated Ox-PTMs on cysteine (Cys) residues. The Cys side chain, with its high nucleophilic capacity, appears to be the principle target of ROS. Ox-PTMs on Cys residues participate in various signalling cascades initiated by plant stress hormones. We review the mechanistic aspects and functional consequences of Cys Ox-PTMs on specific target proteins in view of stress signalling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Waszczak
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium * Present address: Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, 1000 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Silke Jacques
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Wituszyńska W, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Sobczak M, Rusaczonek A, Kozłowska-Makulska A, Witoń D, Karpiński S. Lesion simulating disease 1 and enhanced disease susceptibility 1 differentially regulate UV-C-induced photooxidative stress signalling and programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:315-30. [PMID: 24471507 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As obligate photoautotrophs, plants are inevitably exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Because of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV has become more and more dangerous to the biosphere. Therefore, it is important to understand UV perception and signal transduction in plants. In the present study, we show that lesion simulating disease 1 (LSD1) and enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) are antagonistic regulators of UV-C-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis thaliana. This regulatory dependence is manifested by a complex deregulation of photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, antioxidative enzyme activity and UV-responsive genes expression. We also prove that a UV-C radiation episode triggers apoptotic-like morphological changes within the mesophyll cells. Interestingly, chloroplasts are the first organelles that show features of UV-C-induced damage, which may indicate their primary role in PCD development. Moreover, we show that Arabidopsis Bax inhibitor 1 (AtBI1), which has been described as a negative regulator of plant PCD, is involved in LSD1-dependent cell death in response to UV-C. Our results imply that LSD1 and EDS1 regulate processes extinguishing excessive energy, reactive oxygen species formation and subsequent PCD in response to different stresses related to impaired electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wituszyńska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-776, Warszawa, Poland
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18
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Obrępalska-Stęplowska A, Renaut J, Planchon S, Przybylska A, Wieczorek P, Barylski J, Palukaitis P. Effect of temperature on the pathogenesis, accumulation of viral and satellite RNAs and on plant proteome in peanut stunt virus and satellite RNA-infected plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:903. [PMID: 26579153 PMCID: PMC4625170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor influencing plant development in natural and diseased conditions. The growth rate of plants grown at C27°C is more rapid than for plants grown at 21°C. Thus, temperature affects the rate of pathogenesis progression in individual plants. We have analyzed the effect of temperature conditions (either 21°C or 27°C during the day) on the accumulation rate of the virus and satellite RNA (satRNA) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected by peanut stunt virus (PSV) with and without its satRNA, at four time points. In addition, we extracted proteins from PSV and PSV plus satRNA-infected plants harvested at 21 dpi, when disease symptoms began to appear on plants grown at 21°C and were well developed on those grown at 27°C, to assess the proteome profile in infected plants compared to mock-inoculated plants grown at these two temperatures, using 2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry approaches. The accumulation rate of the viral RNAs and satRNA was more rapid at 27°C at the beginning of the infection and then rapidly decreased in PSV-infected plants. At 21 dpi, PSV and satRNA accumulation was higher at 21°C and had a tendency to increase further. In all studied plants grown at 27°C, we observed a significant drop in the identified proteins participating in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism at the proteome level, in comparison to plants maintained at 21°C. On the other hand, the proteins involved in protein metabolic processes were all more abundant in plants grown at 27°C. This was especially evident when PSV-infected plants were analyzed, where increase in abundance of proteins involved in protein synthesis, degradation, and folding was revealed. In mock-inoculated and PSV-infected plants we found an increase in abundance of the majority of stress-related differently-regulated proteins and those associated with protein metabolism. In contrast, in PSV plus satRNA-infected plants the shift in the temperature barely increased the level of stress-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research InstitutePoznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Department Environmental Research and Innovation, Integrative Biology Facility, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastien Planchon
- Department Environmental Research and Innovation, Integrative Biology Facility, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arnika Przybylska
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research InstitutePoznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wieczorek
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research InstitutePoznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Barylski
- Department of Molecular Virology, Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznań, Poland
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Seoul Women UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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Ciszak K, Kulasek M, Barczak A, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Karpiński S. PsbS is required for systemic acquired acclimation and post-excess-light-stress optimization of chlorophyll fluorescence decay times in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e982018. [PMID: 25654166 PMCID: PMC4622620 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.982018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) is an important light acclimatory mechanism that depends on the global adjustments of non-photochemical quenching and chloroplast retrograde signaling. As the exact regulation of these processes is not known, we measured time-resolved fluorescence of chlorophyll a in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves exposed to excess light, in leaves undergoing SAA, and in leaves after excess light episode. We compare the behavior induced in wild-type plants with null mutant of non-photochemical quenching (npq4-1). The wild type rosettes exhibit a small reduction of fluorescence decay times in leaves directly exposed to excess light and in leaves undergoing SAA in ambient low light. However in npq4-1 exposition to excess light results in much faster fluorescence decay, which is insensitive to excitation power. At the same time npq4-1 leaves undergoing SAA displayed intermediate fluorescence decay. The npq4-1 plants also lost the ability to optimize florescence decay, and thus chlorophyll a dynamics up to 2 h after excess light episode. The fluorescence decay dynamics in both WT and npq4-1 can be described by a set of 3 maximum decay times. Based on the results, we concluded that functional PsbS is required for optimization of absorbed photon fate and optimal light acclimatory responses such as SAA or after excess light stress.
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Key Words
- DCMU, 3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
- EEE, Excess Excitation Energy
- EL, Excess Light
- F0, chlorophyll fluorescence zero
- FD, chlorophyll fluorescence decay
- Fm, chlorophyll fluorescence maximum
- Fv, chlorophyll fluorescence variable
- Fv/Fm, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII
- LED, Light Emitting Diode
- LHC, chlorophyll a/b/xanthophyll-binding proteins
- NPQ, Non-Photochemical Quenching
- PSII, Photosystem II
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SAA, Systemic Acquired Acclimation
- WT, Wild Type
- dynamics of chlorophyll fluorescence
- excess excitation energy dissipation
- light acclimation
- non-photochemical quenching
- photosystem II
- qE, EEE thermal dissipation
- qI, photoinhibition
- qT, state transition
- qZ, zeaxanthin formation
- systemic acquired acclimation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ciszak
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
| | - Milena Kulasek
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Barczak
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence to: Stanisław Karpiński; ; Sebastian Maćkowski;
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence to: Stanisław Karpiński; ; Sebastian Maćkowski;
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20
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Gawroński P, Witoń D, Vashutina K, Bederska M, Betliński B, Rusaczonek A, Karpiński S. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is a salicylic acid-independent regulator of growth but not of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1151-66. [PMID: 24874867 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate signal transduction from different cellular compartments and from the extracellular environment to the nucleus in all eukaryotes. One of the best-characterized MAPKs in Arabidopsis thaliana is MPK4, which was shown to be a negative regulator of systemic-acquired resistance. The mpk4 mutant accumulates salicylic acid (SA), possesses constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and has an extremely dwarf phenotype. We show that suppression of SA and phylloquinone synthesis in chloroplasts by knocking down the ICS1 gene (by crossing it with the ics1 mutant) in the mpk4 mutant background did not revert mpk4-impaired growth. However, it did cause changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and severely impaired the quantum yield of photosystem II. Transmission microscopy analysis revealed that the chloroplasts' structure was strongly altered in the mpk4 and mpk4/ics1 double mutant. Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes expression showed that suppression of SA and phylloquinone synthesis in the chloroplasts of the mpk4 mutant caused imbalances in ROS homeostasis which were more pronounced in mpk4/ics1 than in mpk4. Taken together, the presented results strongly suggest that MPK4 is an ROS/hormonal rheostat hub that negatively, in an SA-dependent manner, regulates immune defenses, but at the same time positively regulates photosynthesis, ROS metabolism, and growth. Therefore, we concluded that MPK4 is a complex regulator of chloroplastic retrograde signaling for photosynthesis, growth, and immune defenses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Kateryna Vashutina
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bederska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Błażej Betliński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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Sperdouli I, Moustakas M. A better energy allocation of absorbed light in photosystem II and less photooxidative damage contribute to acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana young leaves to water deficit. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:587-93. [PMID: 24709149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit stress promotes excitation pressure and photooxidative damage due to an imbalance between light capture and energy use. Young leaves (YL) of Arabidopsis thaliana plants acclimate better to the onset of water deficit (OnsWD) than do mature leaves (ML). To obtain a better understanding of this differential response, we evaluated whether YL and ML of A. thaliana exposed to the OnsWD, mild water deficit (MiWD) and moderate water deficit (MoWD), show differences in their photosynthetic performance, and whether photosynthetic acclimation correlates with leaf developmental stage. Water deficit (WD) resulted in greater photooxidative damage in ML compared to YL, but the latter could not be protected under the OnsWD or MiWD, but only under MoWD. YL of A. thaliana with signs of photosynthetic acclimation under MoWD retained higher maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. YL under MoWD, show a reduced excitation pressure and a better balance between light capture and photochemical energy use, which contributed to their photoprotection, but only under low light intensity (LL, 130μmolphotonsm(-2)s(-1)) and not under high light (HL, 1200μmolphotonsm(-2)s(-1)). In conclusion, leaf developmental stage was correlated with photo-oxidative damage and a differential allocation of absorbed light energy in photosystem II (PSII) of Arabidopsis leaves under WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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22
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Gawroński P, Górecka M, Bederska M, Rusaczonek A, Ślesak I, Kruk J, Karpiński S. Isochorismate synthase 1 is required for thylakoid organization, optimal plastoquinone redox status, and state transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3669-79. [PMID: 23956412 PMCID: PMC3745728 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) is a crucial enzyme in the salicylic acid (SA) synthesis pathway, and thus it is important for immune defences. The ics1 mutant is used in experiments on plant-pathogen interactions, and ICS1 is required for the appropriate hypersensitive disease defence response. However, ICS1 also takes part in the synthesis of phylloquinone, which is incorporated into photosystem I and is an important component of photosynthetic electron transport in plants. Therefore, photosynthetic and molecular analysis of the ics1 mutant in comparison with wild-type and SA-degrading transgenic NahG Arabidopsis thaliana plants was performed. Photosynthetic parameters in the ics1 mutant, when compared with the wild type, were changed in a manner observed previously for state transition-impaired plants (STN7 kinase recessive mutant, stn7). In contrast to stn7, deregulation of the redox status of the plastoquinone pool (measured as 1-q p) in ics1 showed significant variation depending on the leaf age. SA-degrading transgenic NahG plants targeted to the cytoplasm or chloroplasts displayed normal (wild-type-like) state transition. However, ics1 plants treated with a phylloquinone precursor displayed symptoms of phenotypic reversion towards the wild type. ics1 also showed altered thylakoid structure with an increased number of stacked thylakoids per granum which indicates the role of ICS1 in regulation of state transition. The results presented here suggest the role of ICS1 in integration of the chloroplast ultrastructure, the redox status of the plastoquinone pool, and organization of the photosystems, which all are important for optimal immune defence and light acclimatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776Poland
- * These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Magdalena Górecka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776Poland
- * These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Magdalena Bederska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776Poland
| | - Ireneusz Ślesak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776Poland
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, Kraków, 30-239Poland
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776Poland
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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