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Banerjee A, Roychoudhury A. Dissecting the phytohormonal, genomic and proteomic regulation of micronutrient deficiency during abiotic stresses in plants. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Growth, Gas Exchange, and Boron Distribution Characteristics in Two Grape Species Plants under Boron Deficiency Condition. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The boron (B) deficiency tolerance capacity of two grape materials, ‘Xishui-4’ (Vitis flexuosa) and ‘Crystal’ (V. vinifera × V. labrusca), were evaluated using a potted experiment in order to identify the B-use efficiency of grape and screen B-efficient grape resources. The sterile lines of two genotypes of grape were used as test materials, and a large number of test-tube seedlings were obtained through rapid propagation. The test-tube seedlings were acclimatization and transplanted, and the tested seedlings were treated with B stress after survival. In this experiment, the materials were cultured in nutrient solution, which contained 0.00 (B0), 0.25 (B1), and 0.50 (control) mg·L−1 B concentrations, and the two genotypes of grape seedlings were cultured in vitro. The results were counted after 60 days of culture. The results showed that the B deficiency significantly reduced the growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, total root length, and dry biomass of the two genotypes, and the inhibition of ‘Crystal’ growth parameters was greater than that of ‘Xishui-4’. Moreover, the B deficiency also affected photosynthesis of the two genotypes, such as decreased leaf photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and stomatal density. Interestingly, the decrease ranges of ‘Crystal’ were greater than those of ‘Xishui-4’, indicating that ‘Crystal’ photosynthesis was more susceptible to B deficiency. Under the control condition, the concentration and accumulation of B in ‘Crystal’ were significantly higher than those in ‘Xishui-4’. However, under the condition of B deficiency, the B concentration, accumulation amount, accumulation rate, utilization index, and tolerance index of ‘Xishui-4’ were higher than those of ‘Crystal’, and the B transport capacity of ‘Xishui-4’ was more stable, indicating that ‘Xishui-4’ had a better tolerance against B-deficient stress than ‘Crystal’ did. Therefore, ‘Xishui-4’ is a plant with strong adaptability to B deficiency stress, which can be used as B efficient grape resources and a genetic improvement of B efficient grape.
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Wu X, Riaz M, Yan L, Zhang Z, Jiang C. How the cells were injured and the secondary metabolites in the shikimate pathway were changed by boron deficiency in trifoliate orange root. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:630-639. [PMID: 32335386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) deficiency is frequently observed in citrus orchards as a major cause for loss of productivity and quality. The structural and morphological responses of roots to B deficiency have been reported in some plants. The study was conducted to get novel information about the B-deficient-induced cellular injuries and target secondary metabolites in the shikimate pathway. Fluorescent vital staining, paraffin section, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and target metabolomics were to investigate the responses of the cell viability and structure, and target aromatic metabolites in the shikimate pathway in B-deficient trifoliate orange roots. Boron deprivation-induced ROS accumulation accelerated the membrane peroxidation, resulting in weakened cell vitality and cell rupture in roots. In addition, B deficiency increased phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Try) in roots, thereby promoting the biosynthesis of salicylic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid. B-starvation up-regulated salicylic acid and lignin while reduced 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) content. These adverse effects might be involved in the structural and morphological changes in B-deficient roots. What is more, the results provide a new insight into the mechanism of B deficiency-induced structural damage and elongation inhibition on roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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Yang LT, Liu JW, Wu YM, Qi YP, Wang JL, Lai NW, Ye X, Chen LS. Proteome profile analysis of boron-induced alleviation of aluminum-toxicity in Citrus grandis roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:488-498. [PMID: 30015195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al)-toxicity and boron (B)-deficiency are two major factors limiting crop production in tropical and subtropical areas. Elevating B supply can alleviate the Al-induced inhibition of growth in Citrus grandis. Seedlings of C. grandis were irrigated for 18 weeks with nutrient solutions containing two B levels (2.5 and 20 μM H3BO3) and two Al levels (0 and 1.2 mM AlCl3·6H2O). By using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) based MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS method, this study successfully identified and quantified sixty-one differentially abundant proteins in Citrus roots in response to B-Al interactions. The mechanisms underlying the B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity unveiled by 2-DE technique could be summarized as follows: a) remodeling of cell wall by reducing the synthesis of lignin (sugar ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter ATPase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) and increasing the modification of cell wall (UDP-forming); b) enhancing the abundances of proteasomes and turnover of dysfunctional proteins (proteasome or protease); c) increasing the abundance of stress response proteins, such as alcohol dehydrogenase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) and glycosyl hydrolase; d) reinforcing cellular biological regulation and signal transduction (calreticulin-1). For the first time, some proteins, such as cell division protein 48 (CDC48), calreticulin and phospholipase, which might be involved in the downstream signaling of Al in Citrus plants, were successfully identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Agricultural Bureau of Tianmen City, Tianmen 431700, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wu
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jin-Ling Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ning-Wei Lai
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Shah A, Wu X, Ullah A, Fahad S, Muhammad R, Yan L, Jiang C. Deficiency and toxicity of boron: Alterations in growth, oxidative damage and uptake by citrange orange plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:575-582. [PMID: 28800533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) deficiency and toxicity are the major factors that affect plant growth and yield. The present study revealed the effect of B deficiency and toxicity on plant growth, morphology, physiology, and cell structure. A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted with five B levels, B deficient (B0), sufficient (B20, B10, B40) and toxic (B100). Our results show that both B deficient as well as excess level inhibit plant growth. In B deficiency, the major visible symptoms were appeared in roots, while B excess burned the leaf margin of older leaves. The antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) decreased at B deficiency and also decreased up to some extent at B excess, while in sufficient treatments, the higher antioxidant enzymes were found at B20. In addition, the MDA concentration decreased at B deficiency and increased with B concentration. Moreover, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf gas exchange and intercellular CO2 were reduced at both B deficiency as well as excess and higher at sufficient B20 treatment significantly. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content increased at B20 treatment, while decreased at B deficiency and excess. The middle lamellae of cell wall were found thick at B excess and normal at B20. The current study revealed that B deficiency as well as excess concentration affect plant growth and various morpho-physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Shah
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Plant Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Muhammad
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Dong X, Liu G, Wu X, Lu X, Yan L, Muhammad R, Shah A, Wu L, Jiang C. Different metabolite profile and metabolic pathway with leaves and roots in response to boron deficiency at the initial stage of citrus rootstock growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:121-131. [PMID: 27428366 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is a microelement required for higher plants, and B deficiency has serious negative effect on metabolic processes. We concentrated on the changes in metabolite profiles of trifoliate orange leaves and roots as a consequence of B deficiency at the initial stage of growth by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics. Enlargement and browning of root tips were observed in B-deficient plants, while any obvious symptom was not recorded in the leaves after 30 days of B deprivation. The distinct patterns of alterations in metabolites observed in leaves and roots due to B deficiency suggest the presence of specific organ responses to B starvation. The accumulation of soluble sugars was occurred in leaves, which may be attributed to down-regulated pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and amino acid biosynthesis under B deficiency, while the amount of most amino acids in roots was increased, indicating that the effects of B deficiency on amino acids metabolism in trifoliate orange may be a consequence of disruptions in root tissues and decreased protein biosynthesis. Several important products of shikimate pathway were also significantly affected by B deficiency, which may be related to abnormal growth of roots induced by B deficiency. Conclusively, our results revealed a global perspective of the discriminative metabolism responses appearing between B-deprived leaves and roots and provided new insight into the relationship between B deficiency symptom in roots and the altered amino acids profiling and shikimate pathway induced by B deficiency during seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Dong
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Guidong Liu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Riaz Muhammad
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Asad Shah
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Lishu Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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Peng HY, Qi YP, Lee J, Yang LT, Guo P, Jiang HX, Chen LS. Proteomic analysis of Citrus sinensis roots and leaves in response to long-term magnesium-deficiency. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:253. [PMID: 25887480 PMCID: PMC4383213 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg)-deficiency is frequently observed in Citrus plantations and is responsible for the loss of productivity and poor fruit quality. Knowledge on the effects of Mg-deficiency on upstream targets is scarce. Seedlings of 'Xuegan' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were irrigated with Mg-deficient (0 mM MgSO4) or Mg-sufficient (1 mM MgSO4) nutrient solution for 16 weeks. Thereafter, we first investigated the proteomic responses of C. sinensis roots and leaves to Mg-deficiency using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in order to (a) enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plants to deal with Mg-deficiency and (b) understand the molecular mechanisms by which Mg-deficiency lead to a decrease in photosynthesis. RESULTS Fifty-nine upregulated and 31 downregulated protein spots were isolated in Mg-deficient leaves, while only 19 upregulated and 12 downregulated protein spots in Mg-deficient roots. Many Mg-deficiency-responsive proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, followed by protein metabolism, stress responses, nucleic acid metabolism, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, lipid metabolism and cell transport. The larger changes in leaf proteome versus root one in response to Mg-deficiency was further supported by our observation that total soluble protein concentration was decreased by Mg-deficiency in leaves, but unaffected in roots. Mg-deficiency had decreased levels of proteins [i.e. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), rubisco activase, oxygen evolving enhancer protein 1, photosynthetic electron transfer-like protein, ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), aldolase] involved in photosynthesis, thus decreasing leaf photosynthesis. To cope with Mg-deficiency, C. sinensis leaves and roots might respond adaptively to Mg-deficiency through: improving leaf respiration and lowering root respiration, but increasing (decreasing) the levels of proteins related to ATP synthase in roots (leaves); enhancing the levels of proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and other stress-responsive proteins; accelerating proteolytic cleavage of proteins by proteases, protein transport and amino acid metabolism; and upregulating the levels of proteins involved in cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that proteomics were more affected by long-term Mg-deficiency in leaves than in roots, and that the adaptive responses differed between roots and leaves when exposed to long-term Mg-deficiency. Mg-deficiency decreased the levels of many proteins involved in photosynthesis, thus decreasing leaf photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Peng
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, ROK.
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Huan-Xin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Enhanced lipid accumulation and biodiesel production by oleaginous Chlorella protothecoides under a structured heterotrophic-iron (II) induction strategy. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:773-83. [PMID: 25724298 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A structured heterotrophic-iron (II) induction (HII) strategy was proposed to enhance lipid accumulation in oleaginous Chlorella protothecoides. C. protothecoides subjected to heterotrophic-iron (II) induction achieved a favorable lipid accumulation up to 62 % and a maximum lipid productivity of 820.17 mg/day, representing 2.78-fold and 3.64-fold increase respectively over heterotrophic cultivation alone. HII-induced cells produced significantly elevated levels of 16:0, 18:1(Δ9), and 18:2(Δ9,12) fatty acids (over 90 %). The lipid contents and plant lipid-like fatty acid compositions exhibit the potential of HII-induced C. protothecoides as biodiesel feedstock. Furthermore, 31 altered proteins in HII-induced algal cells were successfully identified. These differentially expressed proteins were assigned into nine molecular function categories, including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, Calvin cycle, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, energy and transport, protein biosynthesis, regulate and defense, and unclassified. Analysis using the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology annotation showed that malic enzyme, acyltransferase, and ACP were key metabolic checkpoints found to modulate lipid accumulation in C. protothecoides. The results provided possible applications of HII cultivation strategy in other microalgal species and new possibilities in developing genetic and metabolic engineering microalgae for desirable lipid productivity.
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Lu YB, Yang LT, Li Y, Xu J, Liao TT, Chen YB, Chen LS. Effects of boron deficiency on major metabolites, key enzymes and gas exchange in leaves and roots of Citrus sinensis seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:608-18. [PMID: 24957048 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) deficiency is a widespread problem in many crops, including Citrus. The effects of B-deficiency on gas exchange, carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, total soluble proteins and phenolics, and the activities of key enzymes involved in organic acid and amino acid metabolism in 'Xuegan' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] leaves and roots were investigated. Boron-deficient leaves displayed excessive accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates and much lower CO2 assimilation, demonstrating feedback inhibition of photosynthesis. Dark respiration, concentrations of most organic acids [i.e., malate, citrate, oxaloacetate (OAA), pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate] and activities of enzymes [i.e., phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NAD-malate dehydrogenase, NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME), NADP-ME, pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase (PEPP), citrate synthase (CS), aconitase (ACO), NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH) and hexokinase] involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the anapleurotic reaction were higher in B-deficient leaves than in controls. Also, total free amino acid (TFAA) concentration and related enzyme [i.e., NADH-dependent glutamate 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (NADH-GOGAT) and glutamate OAA transaminase (GOT)] activities were enhanced in B-deficient leaves. By contrast, respiration, concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates and three organic acids (malate, citrate and pyruvate), and activities of most enzymes [i.e., PEPC, NADP-ME, PK, PEPP, CS, ACO, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADP-IDH and hexokinase] involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle and the anapleurotic reaction, as well as concentration of TFAA and activities of related enzymes (i.e., nitrate reductase, NADH-GOGAT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamine synthetase) were lower in B-deficient roots than in controls. Interestingly, leaf and root concentration of total phenolics increased, whereas that of total soluble protein decreased, in response to B-deficiency. In conclusion, respiration, organic acid (i.e., glycolysis and the TCA cycle) metabolism, the anapleurotic pathway and amino acid biosynthesis were upregulated in B-deficient leaves with excessive accumulation of carbohydrates to 'consume' the excessive carbon available, but downregulated in B-deficient roots with less accumulation of carbohydrates to maintain the net carbon balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Lu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tian-Tai Liao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan-Bin Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Zhou CP, Qi YP, You X, Yang LT, Guo P, Ye X, Zhou XX, Ke FJ, Chen LS. Leaf cDNA-AFLP analysis of two citrus species differing in manganese tolerance in response to long-term manganese-toxicity. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:621. [PMID: 24034812 PMCID: PMC3847489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very little is known about manganese (Mn)-toxicity-responsive genes in citrus plants. Seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis) and ‘Sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis) were irrigated for 17 weeks with nutrient solution containing 2 μM (control) or 600 μM (Mn-toxicity) MnSO4. The objectives of this study were to understand the mechanisms of citrus Mn-tolerance and to identify differentially expressed genes, which might be involved in Mn-tolerance. Results Under Mn-toxicity, the majority of Mn in seedlings was retained in the roots; C. sinensis seedlings accumulated more Mn in roots and less Mn in shoots (leaves) than C. grandis ones and Mn concentration was lower in Mn-toxicity C. sinensis leaves compared to Mn-toxicity C. grandis ones. Mn-toxicity affected C. grandis seedling growth, leaf CO2 assimilation, total soluble concentration, phosphorus (P) and magenisum (Mg) more than C. sinensis. Using cDNA-AFLP, we isolated 42 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated genes in Mn-toxicity C. grandis leaves. They were grouped into the following functional categories: biological regulation and signal transduction, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, protein metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell wall metabolism, stress responses and cell transport. However, only 7 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated genes were identified in Mn-toxicity C. sinensis ones. The responses of C. grandis leaves to Mn-toxicity might include following several aspects: (1) accelerating leaf senescence; (2) activating the metabolic pathway related to ATPase synthesis and reducing power production; (3) decreasing cell transport; (4) inhibiting protein and nucleic acid metabolisms; (5) impairing the formation of cell wall; and (6) triggering multiple signal transduction pathways. We also identified many new Mn-toxicity-responsive genes involved in biological and signal transduction, carbohydrate and protein metabolisms, stress responses and cell transport. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that C. sinensis was more tolerant to Mn-toxicity than C. grandis, and that Mn-toxicity affected gene expression far less in C. sinensis leaves. This might be associated with more Mn accumulation in roots and less Mn accumulation in leaves of Mn-toxicity C. sinensis seedlings than those of C. grandis seedlings. Our findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the responses of plants to Mn-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ping Zhou
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China.
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Yang CQ, Liu YZ, An JC, Li S, Jin LF, Zhou GF, Wei QJ, Yan HQ, Wang NN, Fu LN, Liu X, Hu XM, Yan TS, Peng SA. Digital gene expression analysis of corky split vein caused by boron deficiency in 'Newhall' Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) for selecting differentially expressed genes related to vascular hypertrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65737. [PMID: 23755275 PMCID: PMC3673917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corky split vein caused by boron (B) deficiency in 'Newhall' Navel Orange was studied in the present research. The boron-deficient citrus exhibited a symptom of corky split vein in mature leaves. Morphologic and anatomical surveys at four representative phases of corky split veins showed that the symptom was the result of vascular hypertrophy. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed based on the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform, which was applied to analyze the gene expression profilings of corky split veins at four morphologic phases. Over 5.3 million clean reads per library were successfully mapped to the reference database and more than 22897 mapped genes per library were simultaneously obtained. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that the expressions of genes associated with cytokinin signal transduction, cell division, vascular development, lignin biosynthesis and photosynthesis in corky split veins were all affected. The expressions of WOL and ARR12 involved in the cytokinin signal transduction pathway were up-regulated at 1(st) phase of corky split vein development. Furthermore, the expressions of some cell cycle genes, CYCs and CDKB, and vascular development genes, WOX4 and VND7, were up-regulated at the following 2(nd) and 3(rd) phases. These findings indicated that the cytokinin signal transduction pathway may play a role in initiating symptom observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Quan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Cui An
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Fei Jin
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Wei
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Qing Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Na Fu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Hu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting-Shuai Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Ang Peng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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12
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Yang LT, Qi YP, Lu YB, Guo P, Sang W, Feng H, Zhang HX, Chen LS. iTRAQ protein profile analysis of Citrus sinensis roots in response to long-term boron-deficiency. J Proteomics 2013; 93:179-206. [PMID: 23628855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seedlings of Citrus sinensis were fertilized with boron (B)-deficient (0μM H3BO3) or -sufficient (10μM H3BO3) nutrient solution for 15weeks. Thereafter, iTRAQ analysis was employed to compare the abundances of proteins from B-deficient and -sufficient roots. In B-deficient roots, 164 up-regulated and 225 down-regulated proteins were identified. These proteins were grouped into the following functional categories: protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, stress responses, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, cell transport, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, biological regulation and signal transduction, and lipid metabolism. The adaptive responses of roots to B-deficiency might include following several aspects: (a) decreasing root respiration; (b) improving the total ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS); and (c) enhancing cell transport. The differentially expressed proteins identified by iTRAQ are much larger than those detected using 2D gel electrophoresis, and many novel B-deficiency-responsive proteins involved in cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, stress responses and other metabolic processes were identified in this work. Our results indicate remarkable metabolic flexibility of citrus roots, which may contribute to the survival of B-deficient plants. This represents the most comprehensive analysis of protein profiles in response to B-deficiency. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we identified many new proteins involved in cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, stress responses and other metabolic processes that were not previously known to be associated with root B-deficiency responses. Therefore, our manuscript represents the most comprehensive analysis of protein profiles in response to B-deficiency and provides new information about the plant response to B-deficiency. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Plant Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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13
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Fang X, Jost R, Finnegan PM, Barbetti MJ. Comparative Proteome Analysis of the Strawberry-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae Pathosystem Reveals Early Activation of Defense Responses as a Crucial Determinant of Host Resistance. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1772-88. [DOI: 10.1021/pr301117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Fang
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty
of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ricarda Jost
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty
of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Finnegan
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty
of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture,
Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Martin J. Barbetti
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty
of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture,
Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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