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Fu J, Korwutthikulrangsri M, Gönç EN, Sillers L, Liao XH, Alikaşifoğlu A, Kandemir N, Menucci MB, Burman KD, Weiss RE, Dumitrescu AM. Clinical and Molecular Analysis in 2 Families With Novel Compound Heterozygous SBP2 (SECISBP2) Mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5743519. [PMID: 32084277 PMCID: PMC7034949 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (SECISBP2, SBP2) is an essential factor for selenoprotein synthesis. Individuals with SBP2 defects have characteristic thyroid function test (TFT) abnormalities resulting from deficiencies in the selenoenzymes deiodinases. Eight families with recessive SBP2 gene mutations have been reported to date. We report 2 families with inherited defect in thyroid hormone metabolism caused by 4 novel compound heterozygous mutations in the SBP2 gene. CASE DESCRIPTIONS Probands 1 and 2 presented with growth and developmental delay. Both had characteristic TFT with high T4, low T3, high reverse T3, and normal or slightly elevated TSH. The coding region of the SBP2 gene was sequenced and analysis of in vitro translated wild-type and mutant SBP2 proteins was performed. Sequencing of the SBP2 gene identified novel compound heterozygous mutations resulting in mutant SBP2 proteins E679D and R197* in proband 1, and K682Tfs*2 and Q782* in proband 2. In vitro translation of the missense E679D demonstrated all four isoforms, whereas R197* had only 2 shorter isoforms translated from downstream ATGs, and Q782*, K682Tfs*2 expressed isoforms with truncated C-terminus. Reduction in serum glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity was also demonstrated in both probands. CONCLUSIONS We report 2 additional families with mutations in the SBP2 gene, a rare inherited condition manifesting global selenoprotein deficiencies. Report of additional families with SBP2 deficiency and their evaluation over time is needed to determine the full spectrum of clinical manifestations in SBP2 deficiency and increase our understanding of the role played by SBP2 and selenoproteins in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Fu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Manassawee Korwutthikulrangsri
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E Nazli Gönç
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Laura Sillers
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Neonatology, The Children Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayfer Alikaşifoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgün Kandemir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Kenneth D Burman
- Department of Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Roy E Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexandra M Dumitrescu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Committee of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Alexandra M. Dumitrescu, MD PhD, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Room M367, MC3090, Chicago, Ilinois 60637. E-mail:
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Min Z, Guo Y, Sun M, Hussain S, Zhao Y, Guo D, Huang H, Heng L, Zhang F, Ning Q, Han Y, Xu P, Zhong N, Sun J, Lu S. Selenium-sensitive miRNA-181a-5p targeting SBP2 regulates selenoproteins expression in cartilage. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5888-5898. [PMID: 30247797 PMCID: PMC6237606 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency brings about defects in the biosynthesis of several selenoproteins and has been associated with aberrant chondrogenesis. Selenocysteine (Sec) Insertion Sequence (SECIS) and SECIS binding protein 2 (SBP2) interaction is a very critical node for the metabolic balance between Se and selenoproteins. The Gpx1, Gpx4 and SelS have different binding affinities with SBP2 in cells. According to our results, both miR‐181a‐5p and SBP2 appeared to be selenium‐sensitive and regulated the expression of selenoproteins in C28/I2 cells under Se sufficient environment. However, they showed significantly opposite expression trend in Se deficiency rats cartilage and SeD C28/I2 cells. The SBP2 is a direct target gene of miR‐181a‐5p in C28/I2 cells as determined by reporter gene and off‐target experiments. And the miR‐181a‐5p could regulate SBP2 and the selenoproteins in C28/I2 cells. Depending upon the Se supply levels, C28/I2 cells were divided into three groups, that is normal Se, SeD and SeS, which underwent through a 7‐day Se deprivation process, then SBP2 was knocked‐down and overexpressed in all the groups. Moreover, the selected selenoproteins were down‐regulated in second‐generation low Se diet rat cartilage. The selenoproteins expression was decreased by Se deficiency which depended on the Selenium‐sensitive miR‐181a‐5p to participate and regulate SBP2 at post‐transcriptional level. It involves a series of antioxidant and ECM (extracellular matrix) genes, to overcome the ROS‐related stress for the protection of essential physiological functions and to maintain the balance between anabolism and catabolism of the cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanxu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Safdar Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongxian Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lisong Heng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qilan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nannan Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Çatli G, Fujisawa H, Kirbiyik Ö, Mimoto MS, Gençpinar P, Özdemir TR, Dündar BN, Dumitrescu AM. A Novel Homozygous Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence Binding Protein 2 (SECI SBP2, SBP2) Gene Mutation in a Turkish Boy. Thyroid 2018; 28:1221-1223. [PMID: 29882503 PMCID: PMC6154453 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SECISBP2 is an essential factor in selenoprotein synthesis, and its mutations result in a multiorgan syndrome, including abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism. A 10-year-old obese Turkish boy born to consanguineous parents presented with high thyroxine, low triiodothyronine, high reverse triiodothyronine, and normal or slightly elevated thyrotropin. He also had attention-deficit disorder and muscle weakness but no delay in growth or bone age. Sequencing of genomic DNA revealed a novel c.800_801insA, p.K267Kfs*2 mutation, homozygous in the proband and heterozygous in both parents and his brother. Studies showed reduction in several selenoproteins in serum and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Çatli
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Haruki Fujisawa
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Özgür Kirbiyik
- Department of Genetics, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mizuho S. Mimoto
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pinar Gençpinar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Taha Reşid Özdemir
- Department of Genetics, İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin Nuri Dündar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandra M. Dumitrescu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Address correspondence to:Alexandra M. Dumitrescu, MD, PhDDepartment of MedicineThe University of Chicago5841 South Maryland Avenue (MC 3090)Chicago, IL 60637
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Valassakis C, Livanos P, Minopetrou M, Haralampidis K, Roussis A. Promoter analysis and functional implications of the selenium binding protein (SBP) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Physiol 2018; 224-225:19-29. [PMID: 29574326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Selenium Βinding Protein (SBP, originally termed SBP56) was identified in mouse liver as a cytosolic protein that could bind radioactive selenium. SBPs are highly conserved proteins present in a wide array of species across all kingdoms and are likely to be involved in selenium metabolism. In Arabidopsis, the selenium binding protein (SBP) gene family comprises three genes (AtSBP1, AtSBP2 and AtSBP3). AtSBP1 and AtSBP2 are clustered in a head-to-tail arrangement on chromosome IV, while AtSBP3 is located on chromosome III. In this work, we studied the promoter activity of the Arabidopsis SBP genes, determined their tissue specificity and showed that they are differentially regulated by sodium selenite and sodium selenate. All three SBP genes are upregulated in response to externally applied selenium compounds and the antioxidant NAC selectively downregulates SBP2. Although the effect on SBP2 levels was the most prominent, in all cases, the concurrent exposure of plants to selenite and the antioxidant supressed the expression of the SBP genes. We provide evidence that (at least) SBP1 expression is tightly linked to detoxification processes related to oxidative stress, since it is downregulated in the presence of NAC in selenium-treated plants. Furthermore, our results suggest that SBP genes may participate in the mechanisms that sense redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Valassakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Livanos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Minopetrou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Roussis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece.
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Shetty S, Copeland PR. Molecular mechanism of selenoprotein P synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2506-2510. [PMID: 29656121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenoprotein synthesis requires the reinterpretation of a UGA stop codon as one that encodes selenocysteine (Sec), a process that requires a set of dedicated translation factors. Among the mammalian selenoproteins, Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is unique as it contains a selenocysteine-rich domain that requires multiple Sec incorporation events. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we elaborate on new data and current models that provide insight into how SELENOP is made. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS SELENOP synthesis requires a specific set of factors and conditions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE As the key protein required for proper selenium distribution, SELENOP stands out as a lynchpin selenoprotein that is essential for male fertility, proper neurologic function and selenium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangala Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Paul R Copeland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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Singh RN, Howell MD, Ottesen EW, Singh NN. Diverse role of survival motor neuron protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2017; 1860:299-315. [PMID: 28095296 PMCID: PMC5325804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein is required for the survival of all organisms of the animal kingdom. SMN impacts various aspects of RNA metabolism through the formation and/or interaction with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. SMN regulates biogenesis of small nuclear RNPs, small nucleolar RNPs, small Cajal body-associated RNPs, signal recognition particles and telomerase. SMN also plays an important role in DNA repair, transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, histone mRNA processing, translation, selenoprotein synthesis, macromolecular trafficking, stress granule formation, cell signaling and cytoskeleton maintenance. The tissue-specific requirement of SMN is dictated by the variety and the abundance of its interacting partners. Reduced expression of SMN causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA displays a broad spectrum ranging from embryonic lethality to an adult onset. Aberrant expression and/or localization of SMN has also been associated with male infertility, inclusion body myositis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and osteoarthritis. This review provides a summary of various SMN functions with implications to a better understanding of SMA and other pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra N Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Matthew D Howell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Eric W Ottesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Natalia N Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
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Otero L, Romanelli-Cedrez L, Turanov AA, Gladyshev VN, Miranda-Vizuete A, Salinas G. Adjustments, extinction, and remains of selenocysteine incorporation machinery in the nematode lineage. RNA 2014; 20:1023-1034. [PMID: 24817701 PMCID: PMC4114682 DOI: 10.1261/rna.043877.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec) is encoded by an UGA codon with the help of a SECIS element present in selenoprotein mRNAs. SECIS-binding protein (SBP2/SCBP-2) mediates Sec insertion, but the roles of its domains and the impact of its deficiency on Sec insertion are not fully understood. We used Caenorhabditis elegans to examine SBP2 function since it possesses a single selenoprotein, thioredoxin reductase-1 (TRXR-1). All SBP2 described so far have an RNA-binding domain (RBD) and a Sec-incorporation domain (SID). Surprisingly, C. elegans SBP2 lacks SID and consists only of an RBD. An sbp2 deletion mutant strain ablated Sec incorporation demonstrating SBP2 essentiality for Sec incorporation. Further in silico analyses of nematode genomes revealed conservation of SBP2 lacking SID and maintenance of Sec incorporation linked to TRXR-1. Remarkably, parasitic plant nematodes lost the ability to incorporate Sec, but retained SecP43, a gene associated with Sec incorporation. Interestingly, both selenophosphate synthetase (SPS) genes are absent in plant parasitic nematodes, while only Cys-containing SPS2 is present in Sec-incorporating nematodes. Our results indicate that C. elegans and the nematode lineage provide key insights into Sec incorporation and the evolution of Sec utilization trait, selenoproteomes, selenoproteins, and Sec residues. Finally, our study provides evidence of noncanonical translation initiation in C. elegans, not previously known for this well-established animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Otero
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Laura Romanelli-Cedrez
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Anton A. Turanov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD-CSIC), Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gustavo Salinas
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
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Abstract
The description of two novel human defects in the last ten years has uncovered new aspects of thyroid hormone physiology with regard to cell-membrane transport and intracellular metabolism. Mutations in the X-linked monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) gene result in an invalidating neurodevelopmental phenotype in males and pathognomonic thyroid functions tests with high T3, low rT3, low or low normal T4, and normal or slightly high TSH. Recessive mutations in the selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (SBP2) gene present a variable clinical phenotype depending on the severity of the defect and its consequences on the selenoprotein hierarchy. Most characteristic is the thyroid phenotype of low serum T3, high T4, high rT3, and slightly elevated TSH levels. Herein we review all known cases of MCT8 and SBP2 deficiency and describe each disease in terms of the clinical, biochemical, genetic, and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Fu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue MC3090, Room M369, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Alexandra M Dumitrescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue MC3090, Room M369, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Yang LT, Qi YP, Lu YB, Guo P, Sang W, Feng H, Zhang HX, Chen LS. iTRAQ protein profile analysis of Citrus sinensis roots in response to long-term boron-deficiency. J Proteomics 2013; 93:179-206. [PMID: 23628855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Seedlings of Citrus sinensis were fertilized with boron (B)-deficient (0μM H3BO3) or -sufficient (10μM H3BO3) nutrient solution for 15weeks. Thereafter, iTRAQ analysis was employed to compare the abundances of proteins from B-deficient and -sufficient roots. In B-deficient roots, 164 up-regulated and 225 down-regulated proteins were identified. These proteins were grouped into the following functional categories: protein metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, stress responses, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, cell transport, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, biological regulation and signal transduction, and lipid metabolism. The adaptive responses of roots to B-deficiency might include following several aspects: (a) decreasing root respiration; (b) improving the total ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS); and (c) enhancing cell transport. The differentially expressed proteins identified by iTRAQ are much larger than those detected using 2D gel electrophoresis, and many novel B-deficiency-responsive proteins involved in cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, stress responses and other metabolic processes were identified in this work. Our results indicate remarkable metabolic flexibility of citrus roots, which may contribute to the survival of B-deficient plants. This represents the most comprehensive analysis of protein profiles in response to B-deficiency. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we identified many new proteins involved in cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, stress responses and other metabolic processes that were not previously known to be associated with root B-deficiency responses. Therefore, our manuscript represents the most comprehensive analysis of protein profiles in response to B-deficiency and provides new information about the plant response to B-deficiency. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Plant Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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