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Sharma K, Silva Barreto I, Dejea H, Hammerman M, Appel C, Geraki K, Eliasson P, Pierantoni M, Isaksson H. Elemental and Structural Characterization of Heterotopic Ossification during Achilles Tendon Healing Provides New Insights on the Formation Process. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4938-4946. [PMID: 39042709 PMCID: PMC11322912 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) in tendons can lead to increased pain and poor tendon function. Although it is believed to share some characteristics with bone, the structural and elemental compositions of HO deposits have not been fully elucidated. This study utilizes a multimodal and multiscale approach for structural and elemental characterization of HO deposits in healing rat Achilles tendons at 3, 6, 12, 16, and 20 weeks post transection. The microscale tomography and scanning electron microscopy results indicate increased mineral density and Ca/P ratio in the maturing HO deposits (12 and 20 weeks), when compared to the early time points (3 weeks). Visually, the mature HO deposits present microstructures similar to calcaneal bone. Through synchrotron-based X-ray scattering and fluorescence, the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites are shorter along the c-axis and become larger in the ab-plane with increasing healing time, while the HA crystal thickness remains within the reference values for bone. At the mineralization boundary, the overlap between high levels of calcium and prominent crystallite formation was outlined by the presence of zinc and iron. In the mature HO deposits, the calcium content was highest, and zinc was more present internally, which could be indicative of HO deposit remodeling. This study emphasizes the structural and elemental similarities between the calcaneal bone and HO deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sharma
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Hector Dejea
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Hammerman
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping
University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christian Appel
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Pernilla Eliasson
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping
University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maria Pierantoni
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Iskhakova K, Wieland DCF, Marek R, Schwarze UY, Davydok A, Cwieka H, AlBaraghtheh T, Reimers J, Hindenlang B, Sefa S, Lopes Marinho A, Willumeit-Römer R, Zeller-Plumhoff B. Sheep Bone Ultrastructure Analyses Reveal Differences in Bone Maturation around Mg-Based and Ti Implants. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:192. [PMID: 39057313 PMCID: PMC11278010 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are some of the most convenient biodegradable materials for bone fracture treatment due to their tailorable degradation rate, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties resembling those of bone. Despite the fact that magnesium-based implants and ZX00 (Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca in wt.%), in particular, have been shown to have suitable degradation rates and good osseointegration, knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the impact of their degradation properties on the bone's ultrastructure. Bone is a hierarchically structured material, where not only the microstructure but also the ultrastructure are important as properties like the local mechanical response are determined by it. This study presents the first comparative analysis of bone ultrastructure parameters with high spatial resolution around ZX00 and Ti implants after 6, 12, and 24 weeks of healing. The mineralization was investigated, revealing a significant decrease in the lattice spacing of the (002) Bragg's peak closer to the ZX00 implant in comparison to Ti, while no significant difference in the crystallite size was observed. The hydroxyapatite platelet thickness and osteon density demonstrated a decrease closer to the ZX00 implant interface. Correlative indentation and strain maps obtained by scanning X-ray diffraction measurements revealed a higher stiffness and faster mechanical adaptation of the bone surrounding Ti implants as compared to the ZX00 ones. Thus, the results suggest the incorporation of Mg2+ ions into the bone ultrastructure, as well as a lower degree of remodeling and stiffness of the bone in the presence of ZX00 implants than Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Iskhakova
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - D. C. Florian Wieland
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Romy Marek
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (R.M.); (U.Y.S.)
| | - Uwe Y. Schwarze
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria; (R.M.); (U.Y.S.)
- Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Billrothgasse 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Davydok
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;
| | - Hanna Cwieka
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Tamadur AlBaraghtheh
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Jan Reimers
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Birte Hindenlang
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Sandra Sefa
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - André Lopes Marinho
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
| | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthach, Germany; (H.C.); (T.A.); (J.R.); (B.H.); (S.S.); (A.L.M.); (R.W.-R.); (B.Z.-P.)
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Couoh LR, Bucio L, Ruvalcaba JL, Manoel B, Tang T, Gourrier A, Grandfield K. Tooth acellular extrinsic fibre cementum incremental lines in humans are formed by parallel branched Sharpey's fibres and not by its mineral phase. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108084. [PMID: 38479547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In humans, the growth pattern of the acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC) has been useful to estimate the age-at-death. However, the structural organization behind such a pattern remains poorly understood. In this study tooth cementum from seven individuals from a Mexican modern skeletal series were analyzed with the aim of unveiling the AEFC collagenous and mineral structure using multimodal imaging approaches. The organization of collagen fibres was first determined using: light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron tomography, and plasma FIB scanning electron microscopy (PFIB-SEM) tomography. The mineral properties were then investigated using: synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for T-parameter (correlation length between mineral particles); synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) for L-parameter (mineral crystalline domain size estimation), alignment parameter (crystals preferred orientation) and lattice parameters a and c; as well as synchrotron X-ray fluorescence for spatial distribution of calcium, phosphorus and zinc. Results show that Sharpey's fibres branched out fibres that cover and uncover other collagen bundles forming aligned arched structures that are joined by these same fibres but in a parallel fashion. The parallel fibres are not set as a continuum on the same plane and when they are superimposed project the AEFC incremental lines due to the collagen birefringence. The orientation of the apatite crystallites is subject to the arrangement of the collagen fibres, and the obtained parameter values along with the elemental distribution maps, revealed this mineral tissue as relatively homogeneous. Therefore, no intrinsic characteristics of the mineral phase could be associated with the alternating AEFC incremental pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes R Couoh
- Dirección de Antropología Física, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Paseo de la Reforma y Gandhi, Chapultepec Polanco 11560, CDMX, México.
| | - Lauro Bucio
- Laboratorio de Cristalofísica y Materiales Naturales, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, México
| | - José Luis Ruvalcaba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias para la Investigación y Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Britta Manoel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000, Grenoble, France; Bruker AXS Advanced X-ray Solutions GmbH, Östliche Rheinbrückenstraße 49 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tengteng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada.
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Somsura R, Kamkajon K, Chaimongkolnukul K, Chantip S, Teerapornpuntakit J, Wongdee K, Kamonsutthipaijit N, Tangtrongsup S, Panupinthu N, Tiyasatkulkovit W, Charoenphandhu N. Tissue-specific expression of senescence biomarkers in spontaneously hypertensive rats: evidence of premature aging in hypertension. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16300. [PMID: 37872946 PMCID: PMC10590574 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is an age-related physiological process that contributes to tissue dysfunction and accelerated onset of chronic metabolic diseases including hypertension. Indeed, elevation of blood pressure in hypertension coincides with premature vascular aging and dysfunction. In addition, onsets of metabolic disturbance and osteopenia in patients with hypertension have also been reported. It is possible that hypertension enhances premature aging and causes progressive loss of function in multiple organs. However, the landscape of cellular senescence in critical tissues affected by hypertension remains elusive. Materials and Methods Heart, liver, bone, hypothalamus, and kidney were collected from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age- and sex-matched normotensive Wistar rats (WT) at 6, 12, 24 and 36 weeks of age (n = 10 animals/group). Changes in mRNA levels of senescence biomarkers namely cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors (CDKIs), i.e., Cdkn2a (encoding p16Ink4a) and Cdkn1a (encoding p21cip1) as well as senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), i.e., Timp1, Mmp12, Il6 and Cxcl1, were determined. Additionally, bone collagen alignment and hydroxy apatite crystal dimensions were determined by synchrotron radiation small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) techniques. Results Real-time PCR revealed that transcript levels of genes encoding CDKIs and SASPs in the heart and liver were upregulated in SHR from 6 to 36 weeks of age. Expression of Timp1 and Cxcl1 was increased in bone tissues isolated from 36-week-old SHR. In contrast, we found that expression levels of Timp1 and Il6 mRNA were decreased in hypothalamus and kidney of SHR in all age groups. Simultaneous SAXS/WAXS analysis also revealed misalignment of bone collagen fibers in SHR as compared to WT. Conclusion Premature aging was identified in an organ directly affected by high blood pressure (i.e., heart) and those with known functional defects in SHR (i.e., liver and bone). Cellular senescence was not evident in organs with autoregulation of blood pressure (i.e., brain and kidney). Our study suggested that cellular senescence is induced by persistently elevated blood pressure and in part, leading to organ dysfunction. Therefore, interventions that can both lower blood pressure and prevent cellular senescence should provide therapeutic benefits for treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratthapon Somsura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Master of Science Program in Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Kamkajon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Surachai Chantip
- National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | | | - Suwimol Tangtrongsup
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattapon Panupinthu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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De Falco P, Weinkamer R, Wagermaier W, Li C, Snow T, Terrill NJ, Gupta HS, Goyal P, Stoll M, Benner P, Fratzl P. Tomographic X-ray scattering based on invariant reconstruction: analysis of the 3D nanostructure of bovine bone. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:486-497. [PMID: 33953654 PMCID: PMC8056764 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an effective characterization technique for multi-phase nanocomposites. The structural complexity and heterogeneity of biological materials require the development of new techniques for the 3D characterization of their hierarchical structures. Emerging SAXS tomographic methods allow reconstruction of the 3D scattering pattern in each voxel but are costly in terms of synchrotron measurement time and computer time. To address this problem, an approach has been developed based on the reconstruction of SAXS invariants to allow for fast 3D characterization of nanostructured inhomogeneous materials. SAXS invariants are scalars replacing the 3D scattering patterns in each voxel, thus simplifying the 6D reconstruction problem to several 3D ones. Standard procedures for tomographic reconstruction can be directly adapted for this problem. The procedure is demonstrated by determining the distribution of the nanometric bone mineral particle thickness (T parameter) throughout a macroscopic 3D volume of bovine cortical bone. The T parameter maps display spatial patterns of particle thickness in fibrolamellar bone units. Spatial correlation between the mineral nano-structure and microscopic features reveals that the mineral particles are particularly thin in the vicinity of vascular channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolino De Falco
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tim Snow
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Himadri S. Gupta
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Pawan Goyal
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Stoll
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, TU Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Strasse 41, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Peter Benner
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Xi L, Zhang Y, Gupta H, Terrill N, Wang P, Zhao T, Fang D. A multiscale study of structural and compositional changes in a natural nanocomposite: Osteoporotic bone with chronic endogenous steroid excess. Bone 2021; 143:115666. [PMID: 33007528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (or steroid) induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the leading form of secondary osteoporosis, affecting up to 50% of patients receiving chronic glucocorticoid therapy. Bone quantity (bone mass) changes in GIOP patients alone are inadequate to explain the increased fracture risk, and bone material changes (bone quality) at multiple levels have been implicated in the reduced mechanics. Quantitative analysis of specific material-level changes is limited. Here, we combined multiscale experimental techniques (scanning small/wide-angle X-ray scattering/diffraction, backscattered electron imaging, and X-ray radiography) to investigate these changes in a mouse model (Crh-120/+) with chronic endogenous steroid production. Nanoscale degree of orientation, the size distribution of mineral nanocrystals in the bone matrix, the spatial map of mineralization on the femoral cortex, and the microporosity showed significant changes between GIOP and the control, especially in the endosteal cortex. Our work can provide insight into the altered structure-property relationship leading to lowered mechanical properties in GIOP. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: As a natural nanocomposite with a hierarchical structure, bone undergoes a staggered load transfer mechanism at the nanoscale. Disease and age-related deterioration of bone mechanics are caused by changes in bone structure at multiple length scales. Although clinical tools such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used to assess the reduction of bone quantity in these cases, little is known about how altered bone quality in diseased bone can increase fracture risk. It is clear that high-resolution diagnostic techniques need to be developed to narrow the gap between the onset and diagnosis of fracture-related changes. Here, by combining several scanning probe methods on a mouse model (Crh-120/+) of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), we developed quantitative and spatially resolved maps of ultrastructural changes in collagen fibrils and mineral nanocrystals, mineralization distribution (microscale), and morphology (macroscale) across femoral osteoporotic bone. Our results indicate that the altered bone remodelling in GIOP leads to 1) heterogeneous bone structure and mineralization, 2) reduced degree of orientation of collagen fibrils and mineral nanocrystals, and 3) reduced length and increased thickness of mineral nanocrystals, which contribute to mechanical abnormalities. The combined multiscale experimental approach presented here will be used to understand musculoskeletal degeneration in aging and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xi
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; Beamline I22, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institution of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Himadri Gupta
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nick Terrill
- Beamline I22, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Pan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Tian Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Daining Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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7
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Silva Barreto I, Le Cann S, Ahmed S, Sotiriou V, Turunen MJ, Johansson U, Rodriguez‐Fernandez A, Grünewald TA, Liebi M, Nowlan NC, Isaksson H. Multiscale Characterization of Embryonic Long Bone Mineralization in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002524. [PMID: 33173750 PMCID: PMC7610310 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Long bone mineralization occurs through endochondral ossification, where a cartilage template mineralizes into bone-like tissue with a hierarchical organization from the whole bone-scale down to sub-nano scale. Whereas this process has been extensively studied at the larger length scales, it remains unexplored at some of the smaller length scales. In this study, the changes in morphology, composition, and structure during embryonic mineralization of murine humeri are investigated using a range of high-resolution synchrotron-based imaging techniques at several length scales. With micro- and nanometer spatial resolution, the deposition of elements and the shaping of mineral platelets are followed. Rapid mineralization of the humeri occurs over approximately four days, where mineral to matrix ratio and calcium content in the most mineralized zone reach adult values shortly before birth. Interestingly, zinc is consistently found to be localized at the sites of ongoing new mineralization. The mineral platelets in the most recently mineralized regions are thicker, longer, narrower, and less aligned compared to those further into the mineralized region. In summary, this study demonstrates a specific spatial distribution of zinc, with highest concentration where new mineral is being deposited and that the newly formed mineral platelets undergo slight reshaping and reorganization during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Le Cann
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund UniversityLund22100Sweden
| | - Saima Ahmed
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Vivien Sotiriou
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Mikael J. Turunen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
| | | | | | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Department of PhysicsChalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg41296Sweden
| | - Niamh C. Nowlan
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund UniversityLund22100Sweden
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8
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Schemenz V, Gjardy A, Chamasemani FF, Roschger A, Roschger P, Zaslansky P, Helfen L, Burghammer M, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R, Brunner R, Willie BM, Wagermaier W. Heterogeneity of the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network architecture and material characteristics across different tissue types in healing bone. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107616. [PMID: 32920138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Various tissue types, including fibrous connective tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, woven and lamellar bone, coexist in healing bone. Similar to most bone tissue type, healing bone contains a lacuno-canalicular network (LCN) housing osteocytes. These cells are known to orchestrate bone remodeling in healthy bone by sensing mechanical strains and translating them into biochemical signals. The structure of the LCN is hypothesized to influence mineralization processes. Hence, the aim of the present study was to visualize and match spatial variations in the LCN topology with mineral characteristics, within and at the interfaces of the different tissue types that comprise healing bone. We applied a correlative multi-method approach to visualize the LCN architecture and quantify mineral particle size and orientation within healing femoral bone in a mouse osteotomy model (26 weeks old C57BL/6 mice). This approach revealed structural differences across several length scales during endochondral ossification within the following regions: calcified cartilage, bony callus, cortical bone and a transition zone between the cortical and callus region analyzed 21 days after the osteotomy. In this transition zone, we observed a continuous convergence of mineral characteristics and osteocyte lacunae shape as well as discontinuities in the lacunae volume and LCN connectivity. The bony callus exhibits a 34% higher lacunae number density and 40% larger lacunar volume compared to cortical bone. The presented correlations between LCN architecture and mineral characteristics improves our understanding of how bone develops during healing and may indicate a contribution of osteocytes to bone (re)modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Schemenz
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - André Gjardy
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Roschger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of ÖGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Lukas Helfen
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Brunner
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Research Centre, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University, 1003 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Quebec H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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9
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Le Cann S, Törnquist E, Silva Barreto I, Fraulob M, Albini Lomami H, Verezhak M, Guizar-Sicairos M, Isaksson H, Haïat G. Spatio-temporal evolution of hydroxyapatite crystal thickness at the bone-implant interface. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:391-399. [PMID: 32937205 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of bone nanostructure around the bone-implant interface is essential to improve longevity of clinical implants and decrease failure risks. This study investigates the spatio-temporal evolution of mineral crystal thickness and plate orientation in newly formed bone around the surface of a metallic implant. Standardized coin-shaped titanium implants designed with a bone chamber were inserted into rabbit tibiae for 7 and 13 weeks. Scanning measurements with micro-focused small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were carried out on newly formed bone close to the implant and in control mature cortical bone. Mineral crystals were thinner close to the implant (1.8 ± 0.45 nm at 7 weeks and 2.4 ± 0.57 nm at 13 weeks) than in the control mature bone tissue (2.5 ± 0.21 nm at 7 weeks and 2.8 ± 0.35 nm at 13 weeks), with increasing thickness over healing time (+30 % in 6 weeks). These results are explained by younger bone close to the implant, which matures during osseointegration. Thinner mineral crystals parallel to the implant surface within the first 100 µm indicate that the implant affects the ultrastructure of neighbouring bone , potentially due to heterogeneous interfacial stresses, and suggest a longer maturation process of bone tissue and difficulty in binding to the metal. The bone growth kinetics within the bone chamber was derived from the spatio-temporal evolution of bone tissue's nanostructure, coupled with microtomographic imaging. The findings indicate that understanding mineral crystal thickness or plate orientation can improve our knowledge of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Le Cann
- MSME, CNRS UMR 8208, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Creteil, France.
| | - Elin Törnquist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Manon Fraulob
- MSME, CNRS UMR 8208, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Hugues Albini Lomami
- MSME, CNRS UMR 8208, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Mariana Verezhak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Haïat
- MSME, CNRS UMR 8208, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, F-94010 Creteil, France
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10
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Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Benavides-Reyes C, Torres C, Dominguez-Gasca N, Garcia-Ruiz AI, Gonzalez-Lopez S, Rodriguez-Navarro AB. Changes with age (from 0 to 37 D) in tibiae bone mineralization, chemical composition and structural organization in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5215-5225. [PMID: 31265108 PMCID: PMC6771771 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler chickens have an extreme physiology (rapid growth rates) that challenges the correct bone mineralization, being an interesting animal model for studying the development of bone pathologies. This work studies in detail how the mineralization, chemistry, and structural organization of tibiae bone in broiler chickens change with age during the first 5 wk (37 D) from hatching until acquiring the final weight for slaughter. During the early growth phase (first 2 wk), the rapid addition of bone tissue does not allow for bone organic matrix to fully mineralize and mature, and seems to be a critical period for bone development at which bone mineralization cannot keep pace with the rapid growth of bones. The low degree of bone mineralization and large porosity of cortical bone at this period might be responsible of leg deformation and/or other skeletal abnormalities commonly observed in these birds. Later, cortical bone porosity gradually decreases and the cortical bone became fully mineralized (65%) at 37 D of age. At the same time, bone mineral acquires the composition of mature bone tissue (decreased amount of carbonate, higher crystallinity, Ca/P = 1.68). However, the mineral part was still poorly organized even at 37 D. The oriented fraction was about 0.45 which means that more than half of apatite crystals within the mineral are randomly oriented. Mineral organization (crystal orientation) had an important contribution to bone-breaking strength. Nevertheless, locally determined (at tibia mid-shaft) bone properties (i.e., cortical thickness, crystal orientation) has only a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.33) with bone breaking strength probably due to large and highly heterogeneous porosity of bone that acts as structural defects. On the other hand, the total amount of mineral (a global property) measured by total ash content was the best predictor for breaking strength (R2 = 0.49). Knowledge acquired in this study could help in designing strategies to improve bone quality and reduce the incidence of skeletal problems in broiler chickens that have important welfare and economic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18002, Spain
| | - Cristina Benavides-Reyes
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18002, Spain.,Departamento de Estomatología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Cibele Torres
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Ctra. CM 4004, km 10.5, Casarrubios del Monte, Toledo 45950, Spain
| | - Nazaret Dominguez-Gasca
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18002, Spain
| | - Ana I Garcia-Ruiz
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Ctra. CM 4004, km 10.5, Casarrubios del Monte, Toledo 45950, Spain
| | - Santiago Gonzalez-Lopez
- Departamento de Estomatología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Colegio Máximo s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
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11
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Xi L, De Falco P, Barbieri E, Karunaratne A, Bentley L, Esapa CT, Terrill NJ, Brown SDM, Cox RD, Davis GR, Pugno NM, Thakker RV, Gupta HS. Bone matrix development in steroid-induced osteoporosis is associated with a consistently reduced fibrillar stiffness linked to altered bone mineral quality. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:295-307. [PMID: 29902593 PMCID: PMC6084282 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a major secondary form of osteoporosis, with the fracture risk significantly elevated - at similar levels of bone mineral density - in patients taking glucocorticoids compared with non-users. The adverse bone structural changes at multiple hierarchical levels in GIOP, and their mechanistic consequences leading to reduced load-bearing capacity, are not clearly understood. Here we combine experimental X-ray nanoscale mechanical imaging with analytical modelling of the bone matrix mechanics to determine mechanisms causing bone material quality deterioration during development of GIOP. In situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray diffraction combined with tensile testing was used to measure nanoscale deformation mechanisms in a murine model of GIOP, due to a corticotrophin-releasing hormone promoter mutation, at multiple ages (8-, 12-, 24- and 36 weeks), complemented by quantitative micro-computed tomography and backscattered electron imaging to determine mineral concentrations. We develop a two-level hierarchical model of the bone matrix (mineralized fibril and lamella) to predict fibrillar mechanical response as a function of architectural parameters of the mineralized matrix. The fibrillar elastic modulus of GIOP-bone is lower than healthy bone throughout development, and nearly constant in time, in contrast to the progressively increasing stiffness in healthy bone. The lower mineral platelet aspect ratio value for GIOP compared to healthy bone in the multiscale model can explain the fibrillar deformation. Consistent with this result, independent measurement of mineral platelet lengths from wide-angle X-ray diffraction finds a shorter mineral platelet length in GIOP. Our results show how lowered mineralization combined with altered mineral nanostructure in GIOP leads to lowered mechanical competence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Increased fragility in musculoskeletal disorders like osteoporosis are believed to arise due to alterations in bone structure at multiple length-scales from the organ down to the supramolecular-level, where collagen molecules and elongated mineral nanoparticles form stiff fibrils. However, the nature of these molecular-level alterations are not known. Here we used X-ray scattering to determine both how bone fibrils deform in secondary osteoporosis, as well as how the fibril orientation and mineral nanoparticle structure changes. We found that osteoporotic fibrils become less stiff both because the mineral nanoparticles became shorter and less efficient at transferring load from collagen, and because the fibrils are more randomly oriented. These results will help in the design of new composite musculoskeletal implants for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xi
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - P De Falco
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - E Barbieri
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; Department of Mathematical Science and Advanced Technology (MAT), Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (YES) 3173-25, Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Japan.
| | - A Karunaratne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - L Bentley
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - C T Esapa
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK; Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JL, UK.
| | - N J Terrill
- Beamline I22, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - S D M Brown
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - R D Cox
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - G R Davis
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, E1 2AD, UK.
| | - N M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; Ket Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - R V Thakker
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK; Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JL, UK.
| | - H S Gupta
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
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12
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Mohammadi P, Aranko AS, Lemetti L, Cenev Z, Zhou Q, Virtanen S, Landowski CP, Penttilä M, Fischer WJ, Wagermaier W, Linder MB. Phase transitions as intermediate steps in the formation of molecularly engineered protein fibers. Commun Biol 2018; 1:86. [PMID: 30271967 PMCID: PMC6123624 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A central concept in molecular bioscience is how structure formation at different length scales is achieved. Here we use spider silk protein as a model to design new recombinant proteins that assemble into fibers. We made proteins with a three-block architecture with folded globular domains at each terminus of a truncated repetitive silk sequence. Aqueous solutions of these engineered proteins undergo liquid-liquid phase separation as an essential pre-assembly step before fibers can form by drawing in air. We show that two different forms of phase separation occur depending on solution conditions, but only one form leads to fiber assembly. Structural variants with one-block or two-block architectures do not lead to fibers. Fibers show strong adhesion to surfaces and self-fusing properties when placed into contact with each other. Our results show a link between protein architecture and phase separation behavior suggesting a general approach for understanding protein assembly from dilute solutions into functional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Mohammadi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - A Sesilja Aranko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Laura Lemetti
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Zoran Cenev
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Salla Virtanen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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13
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Multiscale characterization of the mineral phase at skeletal sites of breast cancer metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10542-10547. [PMID: 28923958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708161114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastases, the leading cause of death in advanced breast cancer patients, depend on tumor cell interactions with the mineralized bone extracellular matrix. Bone mineral is largely composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals with physicochemical properties that vary significantly by anatomical location, age, and pathology. However, it remains unclear whether bone regions typically targeted by metastatic breast cancer feature distinct HA materials properties. Here we combined high-resolution X-ray scattering analysis with large-area Raman imaging, backscattered electron microscopy, histopathology, and microcomputed tomography to characterize HA in mouse models of advanced breast cancer in relevant skeletal locations. The proximal tibial metaphysis served as a common metastatic site in our studies; we identified that in disease-free bones this skeletal region contained smaller and less-oriented HA nanocrystals relative to ones that constitute the diaphysis. We further observed that osteolytic bone metastasis led to a decrease in HA nanocrystal size and perfection in remnant metaphyseal trabecular bone. Interestingly, in a model of localized breast cancer, metaphyseal HA nanocrystals were also smaller and less perfect than in corresponding bone in disease-free controls. Collectively, these results suggest that skeletal sites prone to tumor cell dissemination contain less-mature HA (i.e., smaller, less-perfect, and less-oriented crystals) and that primary tumors can further increase HA immaturity even before secondary tumor formation, mimicking alterations present during tibial metastasis. Engineered tumor models recapitulating these spatiotemporal dynamics will permit assessing the functional relevance of the detected changes to the progression and treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis.
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14
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Kalish-Achrai N, Monsonego-Ornan E, Shahar R. Structure, composition, mechanics and growth of spines of the dorsal fin of blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus and common carp Cyprinus carpio. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:2073-2096. [PMID: 28295281 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The structural, compositional and mechanical properties of the spines of the dorsal fin in mature anosteocytic blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus and osteocytic common carp Cyprinus carpio are described, as well as their temporal growth pattern and regenerative capacities. The three-dimensional architecture of both spines, from macro to sub-micron levels, is shown to be axially oriented and therefore highly anisotropic and the spines of both species are able to regenerate after partial amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kalish-Achrai
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - E Monsonego-Ornan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - R Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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15
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Pabisch S, Akabane C, Wagermaier W, Roschger A, Ogura T, Hyodo R, Kataoka S, Tobori N, Okano T, Murakami S, Fratzl P, Weinkamer R. The nanostructure of murine alveolar bone and its changes due to type 2 diabetes. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:223-231. [PMID: 27637572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone - the bony ridge containing the tooth sockets - stands out by its remodeling activity where bone is being formed and resorbed at a much higher rate than in any other bony tissue. Teeth that are anchored in the jaw through the periodontal ligament exert very large localized loads during mastication that could lead to a unique adaptation of the collagen/mineral structure in the bone. Our aim was to characterize the nanostructure of alveolar bone and to determine the influence of diabetes on structural characteristics of the mineralized matrix. Using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), we studied a spontaneous diabetic mouse model (KK+) and its corresponding healthy controls (KK-) (n=6) to determine the size and mutual alignment of the mineral nanoparticles embedded in the collagen matrix. On cross-sections (buccal-lingual) of the first molar multiple line scans with a spatial resolution of 30μm were performed on each sample, from the lingual to the buccal side of the mandible. Mineral particle thickness and length are decreasing towards the tooth in both buccal and lingual sides of alveolar bone. While mineral particles are well aligned with the long axis of the tooth on the buccal side, they are in a quarter of the measurements oriented along two preferred directions on the lingual side. These nanostructural differences can be interpreted as the result of an asymmetric loading during mastication, leading to a tilting of the tooth in its socket. In diabetic mice particle thicknesses are smaller compared to control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pabisch
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chika Akabane
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Roschger
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Taku Ogura
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hyodo
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kataoka
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norio Tobori
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Okano
- Research & Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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16
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Turunen MJ, Kaspersen JD, Olsson U, Guizar-Sicairos M, Bech M, Schaff F, Tägil M, Jurvelin JS, Isaksson H. Bone mineral crystal size and organization vary across mature rat bone cortex. J Struct Biol 2016; 195:337-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Grünewald T, Ogier A, Akbarzadeh J, Meischel M, Peterlik H, Stanzl-Tschegg S, Löffler J, Weinberg A, Lichtenegger H. Reaction of bone nanostructure to a biodegrading Magnesium WZ21 implant - A scanning small-angle X-ray scattering time study. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:448-457. [PMID: 26621693 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the implant-bone interaction is of prime interest for the development of novel biodegrading implants. Magnesium is a very promising material in the class of biodegrading metallic implants, owing to its mechanical properties and excellent immunologic response during healing. However, the influence of degrading Mg implants on the bone nanostructure is still an open question of crucial importance for the design of novel Mg implant alloys. This study investigates the changes in the nanostructure of bone following the application of a degrading WZ21 Mg implant (2wt% Y, 1wt% Zn, 0.25wt% Ca and 0.15wt% Mn) in a murine model system over the course of 15months by small angle X-ray scattering. Our investigations showed a direct response of the bone nanostructure after as little as 1month with a realignment of nano-sized bone mineral platelets along the bone-implant interface. The growth of new bone tissue after implant resorption is characterized by zones of lower mineral platelet thickness and slightly decreased order in the stacking of the platelets. The preferential orientation of the mineral platelets strongly deviates from the normal orientation along the shaft and still roughly follows the implant direction after 15months. We explain our findings by considering geometrical, mechanical and chemical factors during the process of implant resorption. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The advancement of surgical techniques and the increased life expectancy have caused a growing demand for improved bone implants. Ideally, they should be bio-resorbable, support bone as long as necessary and then be replaced by healthy bone tissue. Magnesium is a promising candidate for this purpose. Various studies have demonstrated its excellent mechanical performance, degradation behaviour and immunologic properties. The structural response of bone, however, is not well known. On the nanometer scale, the arrangement of collagen fibers and calcium mineral platelets is an important indicator of structural integrity. The present study provides insight into nanostructural changes in rat bone at different times after implant placement and different implant degradation states. The results are useful for further improved magnesium alloys.
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18
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Magnesium from bioresorbable implants: Distribution and impact on the nano- and mineral structure of bone. Biomaterials 2015; 76:250-60. [PMID: 26546917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatibility is a key issue in the development of new implant materials. In this context, a novel class of biodegrading Mg implants exhibits promising properties with regard to inflammatory response and mechanical properties. The interaction between Mg degradation products and the nanoscale structure and mineralization of bone, however, is not yet sufficiently understood. Investigations by synchrotron microbeam x-ray fluorescence (μXRF), small angle x-ray scattering (μSAXS) and x-ray diffraction (μXRD) have shown the impact of degradation speed on the sites of Mg accumulation in the bone, which are around blood vessels, lacunae and the bone marrow. Only at the highest degradation rates was Mg found at the implant-bone interface. The Mg inclusion into the bone matrix appeared to be non-permanent as the Mg-level decreased after completed implant degradation. μSAXS and μXRD showed that Mg influences the hydroxyl apatite (HAP) crystallite structure, because markedly shorter and thinner HAP crystallites were found in zones of high Mg concentration. These zones also exhibited a contraction of the HAP lattice and lower crystalline order.
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19
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Bortel EL, Duda GN, Mundlos S, Willie BM, Fratzl P, Zaslansky P. Long bone maturation is driven by pore closing: A quantitative tomography investigation of structural formation in young C57BL/6 mice. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:92-102. [PMID: 25829108 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During mammalian growth, long bones undergo extensive structural reorganization, transforming from primitive shapes in the limb buds into mature bones. Here we shed light on the steps involved in structural formation of the mineralized tissue in midshafts of C57BL/6 femurs, shortly after birth. By combining 3D micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography with 2D histology, we study the transformation of the tissue from a partially-mineralized scaffold into a compact bone structure. We identify three growth phases that take place during murine long bone maturation: During a patterning phase (I) mineralized struts form a loosely connected foam-like cortical network. During a transitioning phase (II), the extensive non-mineralized tracts vanish, transforming the foam into a fully continuous mass, by 14 days of age. Concomitantly, closed porosity increases to about ∼ 1.4%, and stays at this level, also found in maturity. During a shaping phase (III), the bones gradually attain their characteristic intricate adult form. Architectured mineral depositioning--first in open foamy scaffolds, and later into solid bone material--is presumably a compromise between the mechanical needs of providing support to the body, and the biological requirements of vascularization and extensive nutritional needs in the early stages of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely L Bortel
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Anisotropy in bone demineralization revealed by polarized far-IR spectroscopy. Molecules 2015; 20:5835-50. [PMID: 25849806 PMCID: PMC6272147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone material is composed of an organic matrix of collagen fibers and apatite nanoparticles. Previously, vibrational spectroscopy techniques such as infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy have proved to be particularly useful for characterizing the two constituent organic and inorganic phases of bone. In this work, we tested the potential use of high intensity synchrotron-based far-IR radiation (50–500 cm−1) to gain new insights into structure and chemical composition of bovine fibrolamellar bone. The results from our study can be summarized in the following four points: (I) compared to far-IR spectra obtained from synthetic hydroxyapatite powder, those from fibrolamellar bone showed similar peak positions, but very different peak widths; (II) during stepwise demineralization of the bone samples, there was no significant change neither to far-IR peak width nor position, demonstrating that mineral dissolution occurred in a uniform manner; (III) application of external loading on fully demineralized bone had no significant effect on the obtained spectra, while dehydration of samples resulted in clear differences. (IV) using linear dichroism, we showed that the anisotropic structure of fibrolamellar bone is also reflected in anisotropic far-IR absorbance properties of both the organic and inorganic phases. Far-IR spectroscopy thus provides a novel way to functionally characterize bone structure and chemistry, and with further technological improvements, has the potential to become a useful clinical diagnostic tool to better assess quality of collagen-based tissues.
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21
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Kerschnitzki M, Zander T, Zaslansky P, Fratzl P, Shahar R, Wagermaier W. Rapid alterations of avian medullary bone material during the daily egg-laying cycle. Bone 2014; 69:109-17. [PMID: 25204794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue which is continuously adapting not only to external mechanical stimuli but also to internal metabolic calcium demands. During normal bone remodeling, bone-resorbing osteoclasts release calcium from the bone and digest the collagenous bone matrix, after which bone-depositing osteoblasts form unmineralized collagen matrix, which subsequently mineralizes. The detailed mechanism by which calcium is deposited at the site of mineralization and removed from it during bone resorption is largely unknown. Experimental studies are difficult to conduct because in adult bone only a small fraction of bone tissue is remodeled at any moment in time. Thus, one promising approach is to study mineral deposition and resorption in model systems in which a large fraction of the bone mineral is mobilized in a relatively short period of time. We investigated the microscopic and nanoscopic alterations of avian medullary bone architecture during the egg-laying (oviposition) cycle of hens. Medullary bone forms a labile calcium reservoir for eggshell production and is characterized by an extremely rapid and high-flux calcium metabolism. It thus, provides the unique opportunity to study processes of bone remodeling in their most intensive form. We used a combination of synchrotron X-ray tomography together with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to correlate microscopic medullary bone attributes such as the mineral content, medullary bone volume fraction and medullary bone trabecular thickness with nanoscopic alterations in the mineral particle size (thickness parameter T and length parameter L) during the oviposition cycle. To identify the timing of the different stages of the cycle, ionic calcium, phosphorus and PTH concentrations in the blood of the layers were monitored. We found that the microscopic and nanoscopic architecture of avian medullary bone material changes rapidly during the oviposition cycle. During eggshell calcification, the mineral content and the size of trabeculae of medullary bone decrease markedly. Furthermore, the average mineral particle size increases during resorption, suggesting that the smaller mineral particles are preferrentially removed. Medullary bone thus formes a fast-responding system exhibiting rapid alterations of the material at the micron and nano scale. Those mechanisms are crucial to provide calcium for the high metabolic calcium demand during eggshell mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kerschnitzki
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Zander
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius-Wolff-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ron Shahar
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Laboratory of Bone Biomechanics, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Potsdam, Germany.
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22
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Acerbo AS, Kwaczala AT, Yang L, Judex S, Miller LM. Alterations in collagen and mineral nanostructure observed in osteoporosis and pharmaceutical treatments using simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:446-56. [PMID: 25190190 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the macroscale material properties of bone on its mechanical competence has been extensively investigated, but less is known about possible contributions from bone's nanoscale material properties. These nanoscale properties, particularly the collagen network and the size and shape of hydroxyapatite mineral crystals, may be affected by aging, mechanical loading, and diseases including osteoporosis. Here, changes to the collagen and mineral properties of cortical bone induced by osteoporosis and subsequent pharmaceutical treatments were investigated by simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) microbeam mapping. Adult rats (6 months old) were ovariectomized and treated with alendronate, parathyroid hormone, or sodium fluoride, and compared to untreated ovariectomized and age-matched controls. Scattering data from tibial cortical bone showed that osteoporosis increased collagen alignment in existing intracortical bone, while this effect was mitigated in the alendronate and sodium fluoride groups though by different mechanisms. Further, mineral crystal lengths in newly formed cortical bone were smaller in animals with osteoporosis, but existing cortical bone was not altered. Subsequent treatment with alendronate mitigated changes in crystal lengths. Together, these results suggest that osteoporosis may alter the collagen alignment and mineral geometry in bone formed before and after the onset of this disease, and that osteoporosis treatments may differentially rescue these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin S Acerbo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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23
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Hoerth RM, Seidt BM, Shah M, Schwarz C, Willie BM, Duda GN, Fratzl P, Wagermaier W. Mechanical and structural properties of bone in non-critical and critical healing in rat. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4009-19. [PMID: 24929204 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A fracture in bone results in a dramatic change of mechanical loading conditions at the site of injury. Usually, bone injuries heal normally but with increasing fracture gaps, healing is retarded, eventually leading to non-unions. The clinical situation of these two processes with different outcomes is well described. However, the exact relation between the mechanical environment and characteristics of the tissues at all levels of structural hierarchy remains unclear. Here we studied the differences in material formation of non-critical (1mm) and critical (5mm gap) healing. We employed a rat osteotomy model to explore bone material structure depending upon the different mechanical conditions. In both cases, primary bone formation was followed by secondary bone deposition with mineral particle sizes changing from on average short and thick to long and thin particles. Bony bridging occurred at first in the endosteal callus and the nanostructure and microstructure developed towards cortical ordered material organization. In contrast, in critical healing, instead of bridging, a marrow cavity closure was formed endosteal, exhibiting tissue structure oriented along the curvature and a periosteal callus with less mature material structure. The two healing processes separated between 4 and 6 weeks post-osteotomy. The outcome of healing was determined by the varied geometrical conditions in critical and non-critical healing, inducing completely different mechanical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Hoerth
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta M Seidt
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miheer Shah
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carolin Schwarz
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina M Willie
- Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute & Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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24
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Holt C, Lenton S, Nylander T, Sørensen ES, Teixeira SC. Mineralisation of soft and hard tissues and the stability of biofluids. J Struct Biol 2014; 185:383-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Kühnisch J, Seto J, Lange C, Schrof S, Stumpp S, Kobus K, Grohmann J, Kossler N, Varga P, Osswald M, Emmerich D, Tinschert S, Thielemann F, Duda G, Seifert W, el Khassawna T, Stevenson DA, Elefteriou F, Kornak U, Raum K, Fratzl P, Mundlos S, Kolanczyk M. Multiscale, converging defects of macro-porosity, microstructure and matrix mineralization impact long bone fragility in NF1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86115. [PMID: 24465906 PMCID: PMC3897656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fragility due to osteopenia, osteoporosis or debilitating focal skeletal dysplasias is a frequent observation in the Mendelian disease Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). To determine the mechanisms underlying bone fragility in NF1 we analyzed two conditional mouse models, Nf1Prx1 (limb knock-out) and Nf1Col1 (osteoblast specific knock-out), as well as cortical bone samples from individuals with NF1. We examined mouse bone tissue with micro-computed tomography, qualitative and quantitative histology, mechanical tensile analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). In cortical bone of Nf1Prx1 mice we detected ectopic blood vessels that were associated with diaphyseal mineralization defects. Defective mineral binding in the proximity of blood vessels was most likely due to impaired bone collagen formation, as these areas were completely devoid of acidic matrix proteins and contained thin collagen fibers. Additionally, we found significantly reduced mechanical strength of the bone material, which was partially caused by increased osteocyte volume. Consistent with these observations, bone samples from individuals with NF1 and tibial dysplasia showed increased osteocyte lacuna volume. Reduced mechanical properties were associated with diminished matrix stiffness, as determined by SAM. In line with these observations, bone tissue from individuals with NF1 and tibial dysplasia showed heterogeneous mineralization and reduced collagen fiber thickness and packaging. Collectively, the data indicate that bone fragility in NF1 tibial dysplasia is partly due to an increased osteocyte-related micro-porosity, hypomineralization, a generalized defect of organic matrix formation, exacerbated in the regions of tensional and bending force integration, and finally persistence of ectopic blood vessels associated with localized macro-porotic bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirko Kühnisch
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (JK); (MK)
| | - Jong Seto
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudia Lange
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, MTZ, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Schrof
- Julius Wolff Institute & Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Stumpp
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolina Kobus
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Grohmann
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Kossler
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Varga
- Julius Wolff Institute & Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Osswald
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Emmerich
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Division für Humangenetik, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Thielemann
- Klinik für Orthopädie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute & Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenke Seifert
- Institute for Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thaqif el Khassawna
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery Giessen, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - David A. Stevenson
- University of Utah, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University - Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Raum
- Julius Wolff Institute & Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mateusz Kolanczyk
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (JK); (MK)
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26
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Gupta HS, Krauss S, Kerschnitzki M, Karunaratne A, Dunlop JWC, Barber AH, Boesecke P, Funari SS, Fratzl P. Intrafibrillar plasticity through mineral/collagen sliding is the dominant mechanism for the extreme toughness of antler bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 28:366-82. [PMID: 23707600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inelastic deformability of the mineralised matrix in bones is critical to their high toughness, but the nanoscale mechanisms are incompletely understood. Antler is a tough bone type, with a nanostructure composed of mineralised collagen fibrils ∼100nm diameter. We track the fibrillar deformation of antler tissue during cyclic loading using in situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD), finding that residual strain remains in the fibrils after the load was removed. During repeated unloading/reloading cycles, the fibril strain shows minimal hysteresis when plotted as a function of tissue strain, indicating that permanent plastic strain accumulates inside the fibril. We model the tensile response of the mineralised collagen fibril by a two - level staggered model - including both elastic - and inelastic regimes - with debonding between mineral and collagen within fibrils triggering macroscopic inelasticity. In the model, the subsequent frictional sliding at intrafibrillar mineral/collagen interfaces accounts for subsequent inelastic deformation of the tissue in tension. The model is compared to experimental measurements of fibrillar and mineral platelet strain during tensile deformation, measured by in situ synchrotron SAXD and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) respectively, as well as macroscopic tissue stress and strain. By fitting the model predictions to experimentally observed parameters like the yield point, elastic modulus and post-yield slope, extremely good agreement is found between the model and experimental data at both the macro- and at the nanoscale. Our results provide strong evidence that intrafibrillar sliding between mineral and collagen leads to permanent plastic strain at both the fibril and the tissue level, and that the energy thus dissipated is a significant factor behind the high toughness of antler bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Gupta
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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27
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Abstract
In situ synchrotron X-ray scattering and diffraction, in combination with micromechanical testing, can provide quantitative information on the nanoscale mechanics of biomineralized composites, such as bone, nacre, and enamel. Due to the hierarchical architecture of these systems, the methodology for extraction of mechanical parameters at the molecular and supramolecular scale requires special considerations regarding design of mechanical test apparatus, sample preparation and testing, data analysis, and interpretation of X-ray structural information in terms of small-scale mechanics. In this chapter, this methodology is described using as a case study the deformation mechanisms at the fibrillar and mineral particle level in cortical bone. Following a description of the sample preparation, testing, and analysis procedures for bone in general, two applications of the method-to understand fibrillar-level mechanics in tension and bending in a mouse model of rachitic disease-are presented, together with a discussion of how to relate in situ scattering and diffraction data acquired during mechanical testing to nanostructural models for deformation of biomineralized composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Karunaratne
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Material Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Pabisch S, Wagermaier W, Zander T, Li C, Fratzl P. Imaging the nanostructure of bone and dentin through small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Methods Enzymol 2013; 532:391-413. [PMID: 24188777 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416617-2.00018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
X-ray scattering is a powerful nondestructive experimental method that is well suited to study biomineralized tissues such as bone. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) gives information about the size, shape, and predominant orientation of the nanometer-sized mineral particles in the bone. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) allows the characterization of structural parameters, describing size and orientation of the hydroxyapatite crystals. Furthermore, scanning an area with nano- or micrometer-sized X-ray beams allows one to extend this local information to map large bone or dentin sections. Therefore, this method contributes to obtaining information on several length scales simultaneously. Combining results from scanning SAXS and WAXD with those from other position-sensitive methods such as backscattered electron imaging or X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of the same bone sections allows the exploration of complex biological processes. The method is described and illustrated by a few examples, including the mapping of a complete tooth and the effect of osteoporosis treatment on the bone mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pabisch
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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29
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Cipitria A, Lange C, Schell H, Wagermaier W, Reichert JC, Hutmacher DW, Fratzl P, Duda GN. Porous scaffold architecture guides tissue formation. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1275-88. [PMID: 22407823 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defect regeneration is a remaining clinical concern. Numerous scaffold-based strategies are currently being investigated to enable in vivo bone defect healing. However, a deeper understanding of how a scaffold influences the tissue formation process and how this compares to endogenous bone formation or to regular fracture healing is missing. It is hypothesized that the porous scaffold architecture can serve as a guiding substrate to enable the formation of a structured fibrous network as a prerequirement for later bone formation. An ovine, tibial, 30-mm critical-sized defect is used as a model system to better understand the effect of the scaffold architecture on cell organization, fibrous tissue, and mineralized tissue formation mechanisms in vivo. Tissue regeneration patterns within two geometrically distinct macroscopic regions of a specific scaffold design, the scaffold wall and the endosteal cavity, are compared with tissue formation in an empty defect (negative control) and with cortical bone (positive control). Histology, backscattered electron imaging, scanning small-angle X-ray scattering, and nanoindentation are used to assess the morphology of fibrous and mineralized tissue, to measure the average mineral particle thickness and the degree of alignment, and to map the local elastic indentation modulus. The scaffold proves to function as a guiding substrate to the tissue formation process. It enables the arrangement of a structured fibrous tissue across the entire defect, which acts as a secondary supporting network for cells. Mineralization can then initiate along the fibrous network, resulting in bone ingrowth into a critical-sized defect, although not in complete bridging of the defect. The fibrous network morphology, which in turn is guided by the scaffold architecture, influences the microstructure of the newly formed bone. These results allow a deeper understanding of the mode of mineral tissue formation and the way this is influenced by the scaffold architecture. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Cipitria
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Institutsgebäude Süd/Südstraße 2, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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