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Liu B, Du Z, Zhang W, Guo X, Lu Y, Jiang Y, Tu P. A pseudo-targeted metabolomics for discovery of potential biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1240:124133. [PMID: 38733887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is one of the stages in the occurrence and development of severe cardiovascular diseases, and exploring its biomarkers is beneficial for delaying the progression of severe cardiovascular diseases. In this research, we established a comprehensive and highly efficient pseudotargeted metabolomics method, which demonstrated a superior capacity to identify differential metabolites when compared to traditionaluntargeted metabolomics. The intra/inter-day precision and reproducibility results proved the method is reliable and precise. The established method was then applied to seek the potential differentiated metabolic biomarkers of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) rats, and oxylipins, phosphorylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE), Krebs cycle intermediates, carnitines, amino acids, and bile acids were disclosed to be the possible differentiate components. Their metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the potential metabolic alterations in CH rats were mainly associated with phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, citrate cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. In sum, this research provided a comprehensiveand reliable LC-MS/MS MRM platform for pseudo-targeted metabolomics investigation of disease condition, and some interesting potential biomarkers were disclosed for CH, which merit further exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyuan Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Di Costanzo A, Indolfi C, Franzone A, Esposito G, Spaccarotella CAM. Lp(a) in the Pathogenesis of Aortic Stenosis and Approach to Therapy with Antisense Oligonucleotides or Short Interfering RNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14939. [PMID: 37834387 PMCID: PMC10573862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no medical therapy can slow the progression of aortic stenosis. Fibrocalcific stenosis is the most frequent form in the general population and affects about 6% of the elderly population. Over the years, diagnosis has evolved thanks to echocardiography and computed tomography assessments. The application of artificial intelligence to electrocardiography could further implement early diagnosis. Patients with severe aortic stenosis, especially symptomatic patients, have valve repair as their only therapeutic option by surgical or percutaneous technique (TAVI). The discovery that the pathogenetic mechanism of aortic stenosis is similar to the atherosclerosis process has made it possible to evaluate the hypothesis of medical therapy for aortic stenosis. Several drugs have been tested to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels, inflammation, and calcification. The Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9-i) could decrease the progression of aortic stenosis and the requirement for valve implantation. Great interest is related to circulating Lp(a) levels as causally linked to degenerative aortic stenosis. New therapies with ASO (antisense oligonucleotides) and siRNA (small interfering RNA) are currently being tested. Olpasiran and pelacarsen reduce circulating Lp(a) levels by 85-90%. Phase 3 studies are underway to evaluate the effect of these drugs on cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial injury, and non-fatal stroke) in patients with elevated Lp(a) and CVD (cardiovascular diseases). For instance, if a reduction in Lp(a) levels is associated with aortic stenosis prevention or progression, further prospective clinical trials are warranted to confirm this observation in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Di Costanzo
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Magna Graecia Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Magna Graecia Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Anna Franzone
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.E.); (C.A.M.S.)
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.E.); (C.A.M.S.)
| | - Carmen Anna Maria Spaccarotella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.F.); (G.E.); (C.A.M.S.)
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Ahn J, Kim MJ, Yoo A, Ahn J, Ha TY, Jung CH, Seo HD, Jang YJ. Identifying Codium fragile extract components and their effects on muscle weight and exercise endurance. Food Chem 2021; 353:129463. [PMID: 33743428 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Codium fragile (CF) is a type of green algae consumed as kimchi in Asia. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that CF contain lysophosphatidyl choline, canthaxanthin, retinoic acid, α-tocopherol, and unsaturated fatty acids, which reportedly improve skeletal muscle health. However, the effect of CF on skeletal muscle mass and function remains to be elucidated. In mice fed with CF extracts, exercise endurance and muscle weight increased. CF extracts enhanced protein synthesis and myogenic differentiation through the mTORC1 pathway. CF extracts also promoted oxidative muscle fiber formation and mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1α-related signaling pathway. Upregulation of PGC-1α by CF extracts was abolished by EX527 SIRT1 inhibitor treatment. Changed signaling molecules in the CF extracts were partially regulated by canthaxanthin, a new compound in CF extracts, suggesting that canthaxanthin contribute synergistically to the effect of CF extracts. Therefore, CF is a potential food source for sport nutrition or prevention of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Healthcare Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyoung Yoo
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Deok Seo
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Natural Materials and Metabolism Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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Wen W, Zhang Z, Jiang B, Hao Y. Orbitrap-MS-based untargeted metabolomics study on the therapeutic effect of colchicine on myocardial infarction. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5148. [PMID: 33908076 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. A metabolomic approach based on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap analytical method was established to analyze the metabolites and to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of colchicine. Forty-six biomarkers were significantly changed between the sham group and the MI group. Thirty-five metabolites were increased and 11 were decreased in MI rats, and colchicine reversed all of them. Pathway analysis showed that the TCA cycle, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis were altered in the MI group. Ingenuity pathway function and network analysis showed that colchicine improved MI through regulation of cardiac β-adrenergic signaling and cardiac hypertrophy signaling. The present study provided a useful approach for exploring the mechanism of MI and evaluating the efficacy of colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Extracellular Matrix in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Architecture, Dynamic and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020913. [PMID: 33477599 PMCID: PMC7831300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and in the ageing population. It is strongly correlated to median age, affecting up to 13% of the population over the age of 65. Pathophysiological analysis indicates CAVD as a result of an active and degenerative disease, starting with sclerosis and chronic inflammation and then leaflet calcification, which ultimately can account for aortic stenosis. Although CAVD has been firstly recognized as a passive event mostly resulting from a degenerative aging process, much evidences suggests that calcification arises from different active processes, involving both aortic valve-resident cells (valve endothelial cells, valve interstitial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, innate immunity cells) and circulating cells (circulating mesenchymal cells, immunity cells). Moreover, a role for the cell-derived "matrix vesicles" and extracellular matrix (ECM) components has also been recognized. The aim of this work is to review the cellular and molecular alterations occurring in aortic valve during CAVD pathogenesis, focusing on the role of ECM in the natural course of the disease.
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Bouchareb R, Guauque-Olarte S, Snider J, Zaminski D, Anyanwu A, Stelzer P, Lebeche D. Proteomic Architecture of Valvular Extracellular Matrix: FNDC1 and MXRA5 Are New Biomarkers of Aortic Stenosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:25-39. [PMID: 33532664 PMCID: PMC7838057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ECM proteins play an important role in maintaining the structural architecture and the mechanical behavior of the aortic valve. Network analysis highlights a strong connection between metabolic markers and ECM proteins. MXRA5 and FNDC1 were identified as new biomarkers of aortic stenosis in 2 independent cohorts
This study analyzed the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during aortic valve calcification with mass spectrometry, and further validated in an independent human cohort using RNAseq data. The study reveals that valve calcification is associated with significant disruption in ECM and metabolic pathways, and highlights a strong connection between metabolic markers and ECM remodeling. It also identifies FNDC1 and MXRA5 as novel ECM biomarkers in calcified valves, electing them as potential targets in the development and progression of aortic stenosis.
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Key Words
- AS, aortic stenosis
- EC, endothelial cell
- ECM
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FN, fibronectin
- FNDC1, fibronectin type III domain containing 1
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MXRA5, matrix-remodeling-associated protein 5
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RNA-Seq
- RNAseq, RNA sequencing
- TAVc, calcified tricuspid aortic valve
- TAVn, noncalcified tricuspid aortic valve
- VAHC, calcified human aortic valve
- VAHN, normal human aortic valve
- aortic stenosis
- calcified aortic valves
- hVIC, human valve interstitial cell
- metabolism
- proteomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Bouchareb
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Guauque-Olarte
- GIOD Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Justin Snider
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, Stony Brook University Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Devyn Zaminski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anelechi Anyanwu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul Stelzer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Wu S, Kumar V, Xiao P, Kuss M, Lim JY, Guda C, Butcher J, Duan B. Age related extracellular matrix and interstitial cell phenotype in pulmonary valves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21338. [PMID: 33288823 PMCID: PMC7721746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart valve disease is a common manifestation of cardiovascular disease and is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pulmonary valve (PV) is of primary concern because of its involvement in common congenital heart defects, and the PV is usually the site for prosthetic replacement following a Ross operation. Although effects of age on valve matrix components and mechanical properties for aortic and mitral valves have been studied, very little is known about the age-related alterations that occur in the PV. In this study, we isolated PV leaflets from porcine hearts in different age groups (~ 4-6 months, denoted as young versus ~ 2 years, denoted as adult) and studied the effects of age on PV leaflet thickness, extracellular matrix components, and mechanical properties. We also conducted proteomics and RNA sequencing to investigate the global changes of PV leaflets and passage zero PV interstitial cells in their protein and gene levels. We found that the size, thickness, elastic modulus, and ultimate stress in both the radial and circumferential directions and the collagen of PV leaflets increased from young to adult age, while the ultimate strain and amount of glycosaminoglycans decreased when age increased. Young and adult PV had both similar and distinct protein and gene expression patterns that are related to their inherent physiological properties. These findings are important for us to better understand the physiological microenvironments of PV leaflet and valve cells for correctively engineering age-specific heart valve tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jung Yul Lim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Wilson RL, Sylvester CB, Wiltz DC, Kumar A, Malik TH, Morrisett JD, Grande-Allen KJ. The Ryanodine Receptor Contributes to the Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Mineralization in Valvular Interstitial Cells. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:316-327. [PMID: 32356274 PMCID: PMC10558202 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibrocalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is caused by the deposition of calcific nodules in the aortic valve leaflets, resulting in progressive loss of function that ultimately requires surgical intervention. This process is actively mediated by the resident valvular interstitial cells (VICs), which, in response to oxidized lipids, transition from a quiescent to an osteoblast-like state. The purpose of this study was to examine if the ryanodine receptor, an intracellular calcium channel, could be therapeutically targeted to prevent this phenotypic conversion. METHODS The expression of the ryanodine receptor in porcine aortic VICs was characterized by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Next, the VICs were exposed to lysophosphatidylcholine, an oxidized lipid commonly found in low-density lipoprotein, while the activity of the ryanodine receptor was modulated with ryanodine. The cultures were analyzed for markers of cellular mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, proliferation, and apoptosis. RESULTS Porcine aortic VICs predominantly express isoform 3 of the ryanodine receptors, and this protein mediates the cellular response to LPC. Exposure to LPC caused elevated intracellular calcium concentration in VICs, raised levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased calcific nodule formation, but these changes were reversed when the activity of the ryanodine receptor was blocked. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest blocking the activity of the ryanodine receptor can attenuate the valvular mineralization caused by LPC. We conclude that oxidized lipids, such as LPC, play an important role in the development and progression of CAVD and that the ryanodine receptor is a promising target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid L Wilson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher B Sylvester
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dena C Wiltz
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tahir H Malik
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Joel D Morrisett
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - K Jane Grande-Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 142, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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Liu P, Zhu W, Chen C, Yan B, Zhu L, Chen X, Peng C. The mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine in the development of diseases. Life Sci 2020; 247:117443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Yao Q, The E, Ao L, Zhai Y, Osterholt MK, Fullerton DA, Meng X. TLR4 Stimulation Promotes Human AVIC Fibrogenic Activity through Upregulation of Neurotrophin 3 Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041276. [PMID: 32074942 PMCID: PMC7072994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests as progressive valvular fibrosis and calcification. An inflammatory milieu in valvular tissue promotes fibrosis and calcification. Aortic valve interstitial cell (AVIC) proliferation and the over-production of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins contribute to valvular thickening. However, the mechanism underlying elevated AVIC fibrogenic activity remains unclear. Recently, we observed that AVICs from diseased aortic valves express higher levels of neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and that NT3 exerts pro-osteogenic and pro-fibrogenic effects on human AVICs. HYPOTHESIS Pro-inflammatory stimuli upregulate NT3 production in AVICs to promote fibrogenic activity in human aortic valves. METHODS AND RESULTS AVICs were isolated from normal human aortic valves and were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.20 µg/mL). LPS induced TLR4-dependent NT3 production. This effect of LPS was abolished by inhibition of the Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways. The stimulation of TLR4 in human AVICs with LPS resulted in a greater proliferation rate and an upregulated production of matrix metallopeptidases-9 (MMP-9) and collagen III, as well as augmented collagen deposition. Recombinant NT3 promoted AVIC proliferation in a tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk)-dependent fashion. The neutralization of NT3 or the inhibition of Trk suppressed LPS-induced AVIC fibrogenic activity. CONCLUSIONS The stimulation of TLR4 in human AVICs upregulates NT3 expression and promotes cell proliferation and collagen deposition. The NT3-Trk cascade plays a critical role in the TLR4-mediated elevation of fibrogenic activity in human AVICs. Upregulated NT3 production by endogenous TLR4 activators may contribute to aortic valve fibrosis associated with CAVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianzhong Meng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +303-724-6303; Fax: +303-724-6330
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11
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Tseng HC, Lin CC, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced mitochondrial fission contributes to collagen production in human cardiac fibroblasts. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1573-1589. [PMID: 31363041 PMCID: PMC6718437 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) may accumulate in the heart to cause fibrotic events, which is mediated through fibroblast activation and collagen accumulation. Here, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying LPC-mediated collagen induction via mitochondrial events in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), coupling application of the pharmacologic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, celecoxib, and genetic mutations in FOXO1 on the fibrosis pathway. In HCFs, LPC caused prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4)-dependent collagen induction via activation of transcriptional activity of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) on COX-2 gene expression. These responses were mediated through LPC-induced generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), as confirmed by ex vivo studies, which indicated that LPC increased COX-2 expression and oxidative stress. LPC-induced mitoROS mediated the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)α, which interacted with and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at Ser616, thereby increasing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial depolarization. Furthermore, inhibition of PKCα and Drp1 reduced FoxO1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser256 and nuclear accumulation, which suppressed COX-2/PGE2 expression and collagen production. Moreover, pretreatment with celecoxib or COX-2 siRNA suppressed WT FoxO1; mutated Ser256-to-Asp256 FoxO1-enhanced collagen induction, which was reversed by addition of PGE2 Our results demonstrate that LPC-induced generation of mitoROS regulates PKCα-mediated Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and COX-2 expression via a PKCα/Drp1/FoxO1 cascade, leading to PGE2/EP4-mediated collagen induction. These findings provide new insights about the role of LPC in the pathway of fibrotic injury in HCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ching Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthetics Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkuo, Taiwan and Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Parra-Izquierdo I, Castaños-Mollor I, López J, Gómez C, San Román JA, Sánchez Crespo M, García-Rodríguez C. Calcification Induced by Type I Interferon in Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells Is Larger in Males and Blunted by a Janus Kinase Inhibitor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2148-2159. [PMID: 30026273 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Calcific aortic valve disease is the most prevalent valvulopathy in Western countries. An unanticipated pathogenetic clue involving IFN (interferon) was disclosed by the finding of constitutive type I IFN activity associated with aortic valve calcification in children with the atypical Singleton-Merten syndrome. On this basis, the role of type I IFN on inflammation and calcification in human aortic valve interstitial cells (AVIC) was examined. Approach and Results- IFN-α was weakly proinflammatory but potentiated lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation of NF (nuclear factor)-κB and the ensuing induction of proinflammatory molecules in human AVIC. Stimulation with IFN-α and in combination with lipopolysaccharide promoted osteoblast-like differentiation characterized by increased osteoblastic gene expression, BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)-2 secretion, and ectopic phosphatase activity. Sex differences were observed. Likewise, IFN-α treatment of human AVICs in osteogenic medium resulted in increased formation of calcific nodules. Strikingly, IFN-α-mediated calcification was significantly higher in AVICs from males, and was blocked by tofacitinib, a JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitor, and by a BMP antagonist. A female-specific protective mechanism involving the activation of PI3K-Akt (protein kinase B) pathways and cell survival was disclosed. Females exhibited higher levels of BCL2 in valve cells and tissues and lower annexin V staining on cell stimulation. Conclusions- IFN-α acts as a proinflammatory and pro-osteogenic cytokine in AVICs, its effects being potentiated by lipopolysaccharide. Results also uncovered sex differences with lower responses in female AVICs and sex-specific mechanisms involving apoptosis. Data point to JAK/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) system as a potential therapeutic target for calcific aortic valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- From the Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (I.P.-I., I.C.-M., C.G., M.S.C., C.G.-R.)
| | - Irene Castaños-Mollor
- From the Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (I.P.-I., I.C.-M., C.G., M.S.C., C.G.-R.)
| | - Javier López
- ICICOR, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain (J.L., J.A.S.R.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.L., J.A.S.R., C.G.-R.)
| | - Cristina Gómez
- From the Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (I.P.-I., I.C.-M., C.G., M.S.C., C.G.-R.)
| | - J Alberto San Román
- ICICOR, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain (J.L., J.A.S.R.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.L., J.A.S.R., C.G.-R.)
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- From the Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (I.P.-I., I.C.-M., C.G., M.S.C., C.G.-R.)
| | - Carmen García-Rodríguez
- From the Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain (I.P.-I., I.C.-M., C.G., M.S.C., C.G.-R.).,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.L., J.A.S.R., C.G.-R.)
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Lam NT, Tandon I, Balachandran K. The role of fibroblast growth factor 1 and 2 on the pathological behavior of valve interstitial cells in a three-dimensional mechanically-conditioned model. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:45. [PMID: 31149027 PMCID: PMC6537403 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than five million Americans suffer from heart valve disease annually, a condition that worsens cardiac function and gradually leads to heart failure if appropriate treatment is not performed on time. Currently no medication can cure heart valve disease, leaving surgical intervention as the only viable option for patients at late stages of cardiac valve disease. Tremendous efforts have been undertaken to elucidate how resident cells in the valves respond to pathological stimulation as well as the underlying mechanisms that regulate these responses, to identify potential therapeutic targets for non-surgical treatment of valvular heart disease. Results Cardiac valve interstitial cells (VICs) naturally reside in a complex three-dimensional environment under varying hemodynamics, which is difficult to replicate in vitro. As a result, most cell signaling studies in the field have traditionally been conducted on two-dimensional models or in the absence of hemodynamic forces. Previously, we reported the fabrication of a hydrogel scaffold that could be used to culture valve cells under dynamic mechanical stimulation in a valve-mimetic environment. This model, therefore appeared to be suitable for VIC signaling studies as it provided cells a three-dimensional environment with the ability to incorporate mechanical stretching stimulation. Utilizing this model, we investigated the possible role of fibroblast growth factor 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) via FGFR1 receptor signaling in regulating valve cell activation under physiological (10% stretch) and pathological (20% stretch) mechanical conditions as well as in mediating cell proliferation and metabolism via the Akt/mTOR pathways. We reported that 1) FGF1 and FGF2 treatment was able to maintain the quiescent phenotype of VICs; 2) Cells increased proliferation as determined by optical redox ratios under elevated cyclic stretch via Akt/mTOR pathways; and 3) FGF1 and 2 signaling via the FGFR1 reduced VIC proliferation and activation under elevated cyclic stretch conditions. Conclusions Overall, these results suggested that targeting FGFR1 receptor signaling may represent a possible therapeutic strategy for preventing heart valve disease progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13036-019-0168-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Lam
- 1Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ishita Tandon
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- 1Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
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14
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Chang MC, Lee JJ, Chen YJ, Lin SI, Lin LD, Jein-Wen Liou E, Huang WL, Chan CP, Huang CC, Jeng JH. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces cytotoxicity/apoptosis and IL-8 production of human endothelial cells: Related mechanisms. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106177-106189. [PMID: 29290940 PMCID: PMC5739725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein oxLDL) are shown to elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This is possibly due to the toxic effects of oxLDLs on vascular cells. Various oxLDLs including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and 7-ketocholesterol injure vascular endothelial cells and stimulate inflammatory reaction. However the toxicity of LPC on endothelial cells is not clear. In this study, human endothelial cells were exposed to LPC. Cytotoxicity was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Propidium iodide (PI) staining or PI/Annexin V dual staining flow cytometry were used to determine cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was analyzed by DCFH-DA labeling flow cytometry. RNA and protein expression of endothelial cells was studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. IL-8 secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. LPC showed cytotoxicity to endothelial cells (>50 µg/ml). LPC induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with concomitant inhibition of cdc2 and cyclin B1 expression. LPC stimulated intracellular ROS production and ATM/Chk2, ATR/Chk1 and Akt activation. IL-8 expression and secretion in endothelial cells were induced by LPC. LPC-induced apoptosis, and IL-8 expression/secretion was attenuated by LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor. These results reveal that LPC is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases by stimulation of inflammation and injury to endothelial cells. These events are related to ROS, ATM/Chk2, ATR/Chk2 and PI3K/Akt signaling. Understanding the toxic mechanisms of LPC is useful for future prevention and treatment atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jaer Lee
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Municipal Taoyuan Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Deh Lin
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Ling Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Po Chan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chia Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry and Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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