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Liu Y, Zhao ZH, Wang T, Yao JY, Wei WQ, Su LH, Tan SS, Liu ZX, Song H, Chen JY, Zheng W, Luo WJ, Zheng G. Lead exposure disturbs ATP7B-mediated copper export from brain barrier cells by inhibiting XIAP-regulated COMMD1 protein degradation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114861. [PMID: 37027943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The brain barrier is an important structure for metal ion homeostasis. According to studies, lead (Pb) exposure disrupts the transportation of copper (Cu) through the brain barrier, which may cause impairment of the nervous system; however, the specific mechanism is unknown. The previous studies suggested the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is a sensor for cellular Cu level which mediate the degradation of the MURR1 domain-containing 1 (COMMD1) protein. XIAP/COMMD1 axis was thought to be an important regulator in Cu metabolism maintenance. In this study, the role of XIAP-regulated COMMD1 protein degradation in Pb-induced Cu disorders in brain barrier cells was investigated. Pb exposure significantly increased Cu levels in both cell types, according to atomic absorption technology testing. Western blotting and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) showed that COMMD1 protein levels were significantly increased, whereas XIAP, ATP7A, and ATP7B protein levels were significantly decreased. However, there were no significant effects at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level (XIAP, ATP7A, and ATP7B). Pb-induced Cu accumulation and ATP7B expression were reduced when COMMD1 was knocked down by transient small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. In addition, transient plasmid transfection of XIAP before Pb exposure reduced Pb-induced Cu accumulation, increased COMMD1 protein levels, and decreased ATP7B levels. In conclusion, Pb exposure can reduce XIAP protein expression, increase COMMD1 protein levels, and specifically decrease ATP7B protein levels, resulting in Cu accumulation in brain barrier cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Meishan Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zai-Hua Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin-Yu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Qing Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li-Hong Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Tan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Han Song
- Department of Health Service, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wen-Jing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Li ZC, Zhao YS, Lin JJ, Wang LL, Song HX, Gan CL, Zheng XW, Ou SY, Aschner M, Jiang YM, Luo JJ, Li Y. Sodium para-aminosalicylic acid ameliorates brain neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits in juvenile lead-exposed rats by modulating MAPK signaling pathway and alpha-synuclein. Toxicol Lett 2023; 375:48-58. [PMID: 36586703 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a developmental neurotoxin that can disrupt brain development and damage the brain regions responsible for executive function, behavioral regulation and fine motor control. Sodium para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS-Na) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of juvenile rat Pb exposure on behavioral changes and brain inflammation, and the efficacy of PAS-Na in ameliorating these effects. The results showed that Pb exposure during the juvenile period (from weaning to adult period) delayed rats' growth development and impaired their motor learning. Pb exposure not only increased Pb concentrations in several brain regions (including hippocampus, striatum and substantia nigra), but also disrupted metal-homeostasis in the brain, as higher levels of iron (Fe) and calcium (Ca) were observed in the substantia nigra. Moreover, Pb activated the MAPK pathway and increased levels of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the hippocampus, striatum and substantia nigra. Furthermore, Pb increased the levels of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in these brain sites. PAS-Na improved the motor deficits and brain inflammation in the Pb-exposed rats. Moreover, the elevated Pb, Fe and Ca concentrations in the brain were significantly reduced by PAS-Na, which contains amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups, suggesting that it may act as a chelator of brain metals. In addition, PAS-Na inhibited the Pb-induced MAPK pathway activation and α-syn accumulation in the same brain regions. Taken together, our novel study suggest that PAS-Na shows efficacy in improving the Pb-induced behavioral changes in rats by inhibiting MAPK-dependent inflammatory pathways and reducing α-syn accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Cong Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yue-Song Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun-Jie Lin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei-Lei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Han-Xiao Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Cui-Liu Gan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shi-Yan Ou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Disease, Nanning 530021, China
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Li S, Yang C, Yi X, Wei R, Aschner M, Jiang Y, Ou S, Yao C. Effects of Sub-chronic Lead Exposure on Essential Element Levels in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:282-293. [PMID: 35133610 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a corrosion-resistant heavy non-ferrous metal, is one of the most common environmental neurotoxic metals. The effects of Pb on other essential metal elements are contradictory. Therefore, this in vivo study addressed the effects of sub-chronic Pb exposure on the distribution of other divalent metals, exploring the relationships between Pb levels in blood, teeth, bones, hair, and brain tissues. Thirty-two healthy male C57BL/6 mice received intragastric administration (i.g.) with 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg Pb acetate, once a day for 8 weeks. Levels of Pb and other metal elements [including iron(Fe), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and calcium(Ca)] in the whole blood, teeth, the right thighbone, hair, and brain tissues (including cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus) were detected with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Pb levels in all detected organs were increased after Pb-exposed for 8 weeks. The results of relationship analysis between Pb levels in the tissues and lifetime cumulative Pb exposure (LCPE) showed that Pb levels in the blood, bone, and hair could indirectly reflect the Pb accumulation in the murine brain. These measures might serve as valuable biomarkers for chronic Pb exposure reflective of the accumulation of Pb in the central nervous system (CNS). Sub-chronic Pb exposure for 8 weeks altered Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn levels, but no effects were noted on Mg levels in any of the analyzed tissues. Pb decreased Ca in teeth, Cu in thighbone and teeth, Zn in whole blood and hair, and Fe in hair. In contrast, Pb increased Ca levels in corpus striatum and hypothalamus, Cu levels in striatum, Zn levels in teeth, and Fe levels in hippocampus, thighbone, and teeth. The Pb-induced changes in metal ratios in various tissues may serve as valuable biomarkers for chronic Pb exposure as they are closely related to the accumulations of Pb in the murine CNS. The results suggest that altered distribution of several essential metal elements may be involved in Pb-induced neurotoxicity. Additional studies should address the interaction between Pb and essential metal elements in the CNS and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ruokun Wei
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyan Ou
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chaocong Yao
- Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, Hezhou People's Hospital, No. 150 Xiyue Rd, Hezhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Chen X, Duan X, Cao S, Wen D, Zhang Y, Wang B, Jia C. Source apportionment based on lead isotope ratios: Could domestic dog's blood lead be used to identify the level and sources of lead pollution in children? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136197. [PMID: 36064012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Domestic dogs have been proved to be used as "sentinel organisms" to monitor human lead exposure. However, whether dogs' blood can be used to identify the levels and pollution source of children's lead exposure still needs evidence. To evaluate the potential use of domestic dogs' blood lead as an indicator of lead exposure levels and pollution source of children, accompanying with potential environmental media samples, lead concentrations and isotope ratios (expressed as 207Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/206Pb) in blood were investigated and compared between children and dogs, who came from a Pb-Zn smelter area, a coal fired area and a control area without industrial activity. The results showed that there were significant correlations in blood lead levels (BLLs) between children and dogs in the study areas (p < 0.01). The lead isotope ratios (LIRs) in blood of children and dogs were disparate among the three areas, however, the LIRs of dogs were quite correlated with those of children in each area (p < 0.01). With the comparison of LIRs between potential pollution sources (slag, ore, coal, paint) and blood samples, the identified lead sources based on dogs' blood were found to be coincident with those based on children's blood. Ore smelting and coal combustion were the main sources of lead exposure for the dogs and children in the smelting area, and coal combustion was the predominant source for the children and dogs living in the coal burning area and control area. The results showed that dogs' BLLs might be used to estimate children's BLLs, and blood LIRs measurements of dogs' could be used as an alternative for identifying the sources of children's lead exposure. This study further provided relevant evidence for dogs to be sentinels exposed to human lead exposure and an alternative method for source apportionment of children's lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - SuZhen Cao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongsen Wen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Gansu Academy of Eco-environmental Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunrong Jia
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
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Luo Q, Zhang H, Wang H, Ma L, Huang M, Niu J, Luo B, Yan J, Li X. The Effects of Lead and Cadmium Co-exposure on Serum Ions in Residents Living Near a Mining and Smelting Area in Northwest China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3932-3940. [PMID: 34713392 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the associations between cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-exposure, and serum ion levels in two populations living near a mining/smelting area and a nature reserve (control area), respectively. A total of 445 participants were included in this study. Their blood cadmium (BCd), blood lead (BPb), and serum ion levels were determined, and the association between exposure levels and serum ion levels was analyzed. The exposure levels of subjects living in the polluted area were significantly higher (p < 0.001). Lower levels of potassium, inorganic phosphorus, and iron were observed in subjects from the polluted area, whereas their sodium and chloride levels were higher (p < 0.01). The anion gap in their serum was also significantly lower. We observed positive dose-effect relationships between Cd and/or Pb exposure and serum sodium and chloride, and negative dose-effect relationships between Cd and/or Pb exposure and serum inorganic phosphorus, iron, as well as the anion gap. High Cd-Pb, high Cd, and high Pb exposure led to modification effects in potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and iron levels, and the anion gap. No synergistic effects were observed in our results. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Cd and Pb exposure, alone or in combination, can lead to serum ion imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglong Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Tan S, Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhao L, Yang Z, Dai H, He W, Jiang M, Yao Y, Huang K, Li L, Zhu P, Xu S, Zhao M, Yang M. Evaluation of Essential and Toxic Elements in the Blood of 0–14-Year-Old Children in Hunan, China From 2013 to 2019: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:739880. [PMID: 35509513 PMCID: PMC9058121 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.739880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim was to investigate the distribution and correlation of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Cd in the blood of children aged 0–14 years in Hunan, China, which may serve to provide a basis for clinical guidance on child health. Study Design A retrospective analysis was carried out. Concentrations of all elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Distributions were analyzed and compared among different age, sex, and year groups by the Kruskal–Wallis test, the chi-square test, and the Fisher's exact test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the association between every pair of elements. Results A total of 46,951 children were involved in this study from 2013 to 2019. The median blood levels of elements were 13.51 μmol/L (Cu), 58.69 μmol/L (Zn), 1.70 mmol/L (Ca), 1.40 mmol/L (Mg), 7.46 mmol/L (Fe), 35.00 μg/L (Pb), and 1.00 μg/L (Cd). Girls had a higher level of Ca and lower levels of Pb and Cd than boys. Cu and Ca showed an upward trend, and Mg and Pb showed a downward trend by year. Zn and Fe increased and Ca decreased significantly with age. The deficiency rates of Fe and Zn decreased significantly by year, while Ca and Cu increased significantly by year. Cd exposure in this area was relatively low. Conclusion Most children had normal levels of the essential elements Ca, Cu, and Mg and the toxic elements Pb and Cd. Severe deficiencies in Zn and Fe were observed in the relatively younger children but improved with age. Persistent efforts in reducing Pb exposure might still be needed.
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Li X, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhao X, Li N. Determination of 11 minerals in children using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:483. [PMID: 34719383 PMCID: PMC8559380 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minerals play an important role in children's growth and cognition. In this study, our aim was to establish reference intervals of mineral level in Children of Liaoning province (China) and provide a reliable basis for future preventive healthcare guidelines. METHODS Random samples of 2217 healthy children aged 0-15 years who were referred for routine hospital laboratory examinations in the cities of Shenyang, Fushun, Fuxin, Benxi, Chaoyang and Lingyuan were invited to participate in the study. Serum levels of Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Magnesium (Mg), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Selenium (Se), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), and Lithium (Li) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS). RESULTS Sex-related significant differences in the serum concentrations of the Mg and Cu (P < 0.05). Age-related significant differences were found in serum levels of Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Cu and Mn (P < 0.05) and the concentrations of 9 minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn,Se,Hg,Ni,Co and Li in serum varied from season to season (P < 0.05). The Spearman correlation matrix of 11 minerals was shown as a heat map, the correlations between Ca-Zn, Ca-Mg, Fe-Zn, Fe-Se, Mn-Ni, Se-Hg, Se-Ni, Hg-Ni, and Ni-Co, Ni-Li were the strongest compared with others. CONCLUSIONS The reference intervals of serum 11 minerals for children should considering the sex, age and season, which may be useful for decisive diagnoses of abnormality of the 11minerals and the related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- Children's Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Shenyang Children's Hospital, 74 Chongshan Road East, Huanggu District, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Shenyang Children's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xusheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shenyang Medical Mass Spectrometry Technology, Shenyang Harmony Health Medical Laboratory, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Li
- Children's Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, Shenyang Children's Hospital, 74 Chongshan Road East, Huanggu District, Shenyang, China.
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Hassanen EI, Khalaf AAA, Zaki AR, Ibrahim MA, Galal MK, Farroh KY, Azouz RA. Ameliorative effect of ZnO-NPs against bioaggregation and systemic toxicity of lead oxide in some organs of albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37940-37952. [PMID: 33723775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead is one of the major environmental pollutions worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Though, various occupational and public health measures have been undertaken to control lead exposure. The present study is designed to investigate the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) to reduce the bioaggregation of lead in the brain, liver, and kidneys and prevent these organ oxidative damage and apoptosis. Twenty male Wistar rats were grouped into 4 gatherings and exposed to the following materials daily on the skin for 2 weeks: 1-normal saline, 2-ZnO-NPs, 3-PbO, and 4-ZnO-NPs+ PbO. Topical application of PbO to rats increased lead contents in blood and different organs causing remarkable oxidative stress damage, apoptosis, and histopathological alterations in these organs. Moreover, PbO-receiving group showed strong positive caspase-3 protein expression with up-regulation of mRNA levels of BAX and COX-2. Co-treatment of ZnO-NPs with PbO could diminish the toxicologic parameters and the above-mentioned immune marker and gene expression levels. Our data suggest the role of ZnO-NPs cream to reduce the risk of lead dermal exposure via preventing absorption and accumulation of it in the internal organs so that it protects these organs from further damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Azem A Khalaf
- Department of Toxicology& Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr R Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona K Galal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Y Farroh
- Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials Central Lab, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Azouz
- Department of Toxicology& Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Wyparło-Wszelaki M, Wąsik M, Machoń-Grecka A, Kasperczyk A, Bellanti F, Kasperczyk S, Dobrakowski M. Blood Magnesium Level and Selected Oxidative Stress Indices in Lead-Exposed Workers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:465-472. [PMID: 32372126 PMCID: PMC7746562 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to lead is one of the important hazards to human global population. Lead interferes with divalent cations, such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Magnesium is the fourth most common mineral in the human body and a cofactor in more than 325 enzymes. There are many disorders associated with magnesium deficiency. It has been postulated that hypomagnesemia promotes oxidative stress. Study population included 232 male employees of lead-zinc works and was divided into two sub-groups based on the median of magnesium serum level: low magnesium level (L-Mg) group and high magnesium level (H-Mg) group. Magnesium level was significantly higher in the H-Mg group than in the L-Mg group due to the study design. The level of zinc protoporphyrin was significantly higher in the L-Mg group than in the H-Mg group by 13%, while the blood lead levels were similar in the examined groups. The serum level of MDA was significantly higher in the L-Mg group than in the H-Mg group by 12%, while the serum levels of thiol groups, TAC, and bilirubin were significantly lower in that group by 6%, 3%, and 27%, respectively. Similarly, the erythrocyte SOD activity was lower in the L-Mg group than in the H-Mg group by 5%. Low serum magnesium levels contribute to lead-induced oxidative stress, result in unfavorable modification of antioxidant system function, and promote lead-induced impairment of heme synthesis. Obtained results indicate that prevention of hypomagnesemia should be regarded as an important step in ensuring adequate prophylaxis of chronic lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wyparło-Wszelaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marta Wąsik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Machoń-Grecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, viale Pinto, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
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Cai QL, Peng DJ, Lin-Zhao, Chen JW, Yong-Li, Luo HL, Ou SY, Huang ML, Jiang YM. Impact of Lead Exposure on Thyroid Status and IQ Performance among School-age Children Living Nearby a Lead-Zinc Mine in China. Neurotoxicology 2020; 82:177-185. [PMID: 33115663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure is one of the most concerning public health problems worldwide, particularly among children. Yet the impact of chronic lead exposure on the thyroid status and related intelligence quotient performance among school-age children remained elusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of lead exposure on the thyroid hormones, amino acid neurotransmitters balances, and intelligence quotient (IQ) among school-age children living nearby a lead-zinc mining site. Other factors such as rice lead levels, mothers' smoking behavior, and diet intake were also investigated. METHODS A total of 255 children aged 7-12 years old were recruited in this study. Blood lead level (BLL), thyroid hormones including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and amino acid neurotransmitters such as glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), chemiluminescence immunoassay, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Raven's standard progressive matrices (SPM) and the questionnaire were used to determine IQ and collect related influence factors. RESULTS The average BLL of children was 84.8 μg/L. The occurrence of lead intoxication (defined as the BLL ≥ 100 μg/L) was 31.8%. Serum TSH levels and IQ of lead-intoxicated children were significantly lower than those without lead toxicity. The GABA level of girls with the lead intoxication was higher than those with no lead-exposed group. Correlation analyses revealed that BLL were inversely associated with the serum TSH levels (R= -0.186, p < 0.05), but positively related with IQ grades (R = 0.147, p < 0.05). Moreover, BLL and Glu were inversely correlated with IQ. In addition, this study revealed four factors that may contribute to the incidence of lead intoxication among children, including the frequency of mother smoking (OR = 3.587, p < 0.05) and drinking un-boiled stagnant tap water (OR = 3.716, p < 0.05); eating fresh fruits and vegetables (OR = 0.323, p < 0.05) and soy products regularly (OR = 0.181, p < 0.05) may protect against lead intoxication. CONCLUSION Lead exposure affects the serum TSH, GABA levels and IQ of school-aged children. Developing good living habits, improving environment, increasing the intake of high-quality protein and fresh vegetable and fruit may improve the condition of lead intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ling Cai
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin-Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Public Health Office, Wuhan First Hospital, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Yong-Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Wanzhou District Health Committee, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hai-Lan Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shi-Yan Ou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming-Li Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue-Ming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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11
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Ugwuja EI, Vincent N, Ikaraoha IC, Ohayi SR. Zinc ameliorates lead toxicity by reducing body Pb burden and restoring Pb-induced haematological and biochemical derangements. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320956562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Studies on nutritional factors, including zinc in ameliorating the deleterious effects of potentially toxic elements have been scarce and the findings have been inconsistent.Aim:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of zinc against lead-induced toxicity in rats.Materials and methods:Male albino rats (n = 24) assigned into four groups of six/group: normal control (NC), zinc control (ZnC; 20 mg/kg ZnCl2), lead control (PbC; 50 mg/kg PbCl2) and lead plus zinc (Pb + Zn; 50 mg/kg PbCl2plus 20 mg/kg ZnCl2), respectively were investigated. All administrations were through oral route and lasted for 42 days after which blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analyses using standard techniques.Results:Results showed that packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HBC), red blood cell count (RBC) were significant (p < 0.05) reduced while total white blood cell count (TWBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets were significantly elevated in PbC group in comparison with NC and ZnC. Also liver and renal function parameters as well as the liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated while antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in PbC group in comparison with NC and ZnC. Concentrations of lead were in the order: blood > liver > kidney in the PbC group. In addition to restoration of the altered parameters, administration of zinc in Pb + Zn group significantly reduced the raised lead concentrations in the plasma and organs.Conclusion:Reduction in body Pb burden and restoration of Pb-induced derangements in haematological and biochemical parameters by Zn strongly support the ameliorative property of Zn against Pb-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja
- Nutrition and Toxicology Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
- Nutrition and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Nweze Vincent
- Nutrition and Toxicology Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu C Ikaraoha
- Chemical Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Samuel R Ohayi
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
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Li MM, Gao ZY, Dong CY, Wu MQ, Yan J, Cao J, Ma WJ, Wang J, Gong YL, Xu J, Cai SZ, Chen JY, Xu SQ, Tong S, Tang D, Zhang J, Yan CH. Contemporary blood lead levels of children aged 0-84 months in China: A national cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105288. [PMID: 31765862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the global abundance of studies on children's lead (Pb) exposure, the magnitude of Pb exposure among children across China remains unclear, especially for rural areas. In 2000, Pb was removed from petrol, marking a change in the sources of Pb exposure in China. To better understand children's Pb exposure and inform potential approaches to exposure reduction, we conducted a national blood Pb survey of 31,373 children (0-84 months old) from May 2013 to March 2015, using a multi-stage and multi-strata sampling method. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were tested using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with a detection limit of 1 µg/L. The results show that Chinese children had a contemporary geometric mean (GM) BLL of 26.7 μg/L, with 8.6% of BLLs exceeding 50 µg/L. Boys had higher BLLs (GM 27.2 μg/L) compared to girls (GM: 25.9 μg/L) (p < 0.001). Children at the age of 0-36 months had a lower PbB (GM 25.7 μg/L) level compared with those aged 36-84 months (GM 27.9 μg/L) (p < 0.001). When taking into account sociodemographic factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that the odds ratios (OR) of having a BLL of 27 µg/dL (i.e., median BLL of this study) or higher were 1.88 (95% CI: 1.76, 2.02) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.49) for homes using coal and biomass fuels, respectively, compared to those using gas or electricity. Meanwhile, children in homes close to roads were more likely to have BLLs exceeding 27 µg/dL (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.20). In China, rural children had higher BLLs compared to urban children. As a result of pediatric exposure to Pb, there were approximately 144 million and 36 million IQ points lost for rural children and urban children, respectively, revealing a disparity of Pb exposure between rural and urban areas in China. Cleaner domestic fuels and improved cooking/heating equipment will reduce contemporary Pb exposure in rural areas. In addition, the association between contemporary BLLs and distance away from roads further suggests that resuspension of legacy soil/dust Pb should not be neglected in future remediation programs and household interventions. As a large scale survey, this study provides evidence for revising the reference value of BLL, improving the guideline for clinical and public health management, and implementing interventions to prevent adverse health outcomes associated with low-level Pb exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ming Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Children's Health Department, Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yan Gao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yin Dong
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Mei-Qin Wu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jin Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jia Cao
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Ma
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ju Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ying-Liang Gong
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shi-Zhong Cai
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Shun-Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Pudong, Shanghai 200127, PR China; Institute of Environment and Population Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, 4056 QLD, Australia
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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13
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Zeng HL, Li H, Lu J, Guan Q, Cheng L. Assessment of 12 Metals and Metalloids in Blood of General Populations Living in Wuhan of China by ICP-MS. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:344-353. [PMID: 30140990 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of trace element levels in general population from the specific area is of importance for nutritional and occupational monitoring. In the current study, baseline blood levels of 12 toxic and/or essential metals and metalloids, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg), in general populations (n = 477) of Wuhan in central China were investigated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The geometric means for As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Tl, Mn, and Cu were measured as 2.25, 0.70, 17.84, 1.90, 0.36, < 0.05, 12.40, and 783.76 μg/L, respectively. The geometric means for Zn, Ca, Fe, and Mg were 5.85, 56.66, 488.98, and 39.44 mg/L, respectively. We found the men had higher blood As, Pb, Hg, Zn, Fe, and Mg levels but had lower blood Cu and Ca levels than the women (p < 0.05). Age-related difference were found for blood Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Pb, Mn, As, Cd, and Hg levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, many metal concentrations were found correlated, with the strongest correlations between the pairs Fe-Mg (r = 0.57), Fe-Zn (r = 0.42), As-Hg (r = 0.46), Ca-Cu (r = 0.34), Pb-Hg (r = 0.36), Pb-Cd (r = 0.31), Pb-As (r = 0.25), and Ca-Fe (r = - 0.23). Compared with reports from other countries, most of our results were consistent, except that As Pb, Hg, Mn, and Cu showed different blood levels with European, Korea, or Beijing areas. Our study would be of importance for nutritional, environmental, and/or occupational monitoring of these metals in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Long Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Ahmad I, Khan B, Khan S, Khan MT, Schwab AP. Assessment of lead exposure among automobile technicians in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:293-299. [PMID: 29574373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Pb among automobile technicians in selected towns of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan, was studied using a questionnaire, biological sampling (blood, hair, nails), and analysis of Pb biomonitoring data across various subgroups of occupation, age, and years of exposure. The study population included exposed automobile technicians (n=50) and a control group (n=50). The automobile technicians were further stratified into 4 groups: mechanics, auto-body technicians, electricians, and painters. Mean Pb levels in biological samples of the automobile technicians were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). The Pb concentrations (mean±standard deviation) in whole blood, hair, and nails of automobile technicians were 65.3±41.9μgdL-1, 23.6±11.2mgkg-1 and 29.7±14.5mgkg-1, respectively, whereas concentrations in the control group were 21.7±17.6μgdL-1, 4.8±3.4mgkg-1 and 7.2±3.9mgkg-1. Fifty two percent of the automobile technicians had blood levels >50μgdL-1, but only 14% of the control group exceeded this level. Considering that Pb blood levels of 50μgdL-1 exceed maximum concentrations recommended by leading public health organizations, appropriate measures should be taken to protect the welfare of the exposed automobile technicians and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA
| | - Bushra Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Arthur Paul Schwab
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA.
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15
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Li C, Ni ZM, Ye LX, Chen JW, Wang Q, Zhou YK. Dose-response relationship between blood lead levels and hematological parameters in children from central China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:501-506. [PMID: 29602094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead is a heavy metal that can affect the human hematological system. However, reports are limited on the dose-response relationship between blood lead levels (BLLs) and hematological parameters in children. This study aimed to explore the dose-response relationship between BLLs and hematological measurements among children in China. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 743 children aged 5-8 years were recruited from two counties in central China. The BLLs and blood levels of iron, zinc, and calcium were determined, and hematological parameters were measured. RESULTS All hematological measurements and BLLs were logarithm-transformed to ensure a normal distribution. The geometric mean of the BLLs of all children was 82.4 μg/L. Forty-one percent of the children had BLLs ≥ 100 μg/L. The lead-poisoning percentages of the children were significantly associated with gender, age, district of residence, and environmental lead exposure level. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed no significant linear correlation between BLL and each hematological parameter among the children with BLLs ≥ 100 μg/L. The analyses also revealed a small increase in red blood cell count (RBC) with increasing BLLs in the BLLs < 100 μg/L group (β = 0.03, P = 0.048). A negative association was noted between BLLs and blood platelet (PLT) count in the children with BLLs < 100 μg/L (β = -0.90, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that BLLs were significantly associated with decreased hemoglobin (Hb) levels, RBC counts, PLT counts and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) after adjusting for potential confounders. Such analyses also revealed a dose-response relationship between the BLLs and hematological parameters (Hb level, RBC count, and PLT count). The children with BLLs ≥ 100 μg/L were 2.72, 2.51, and 3.76 times more likely to achieve decreased RBC counts, Hb levels and PLT counts, respectively, compared to those with BLLs < 100 μg/L. Compared with children with BLLs < 100 μg/L, those with BLLs ≥ 100 μg/L were 3.16 and 4.38 times more likely to show decreased Hb levels and PLT counts respectively in the high-level lead-exposure group and 4.33 times more likely to achieve a decreased PLT count in the low-level lead-exposure group. The individuals with BLLs of the highest quartile were 3.65, 5.87, and 29.23 times more likely to exhibit decreased Hb levels, RBC counts, and PLT counts, respectively, than the children with BLLs of the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested a negative association between BLLs and hematological indicators (Hb level, RBC count, PLT count and MCH). A strong negative, non-linear dose-response relationship was also showed between BLLs and hematological parameters (Hb level, RBC count, and PLT count).
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Min Ni
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Women and Children Medical Center of Jiang-an District, Wuhan 430017, China
| | - Lin-Xiang Ye
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Wei Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yi-Kai Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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16
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The Effect of a Short-Term Exposure to Lead on the Levels of Essential Metal Ions, Selected Proteins Related to Them, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Humans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8763793. [PMID: 29387295 PMCID: PMC5745737 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8763793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the possible influence of subacute exposure to lead on the levels of selected essential metals, selected proteins related to them, and oxidative stress parameters in occupationally exposed workers. The study population included 36 males occupationally exposed to lead for 36 to 44 days. Their blood lead level at the beginning of the study was 10.7 ± 7.67 μg/dl and increased to the level of 49.1 ± 14.1 μg/dl at the end of the study. The levels of calcium, magnesium, and zinc increased significantly after lead exposure compared to baseline by 3%, 3%, and 8%, respectively, while the level of copper decreased significantly by 7%. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not change due to lead exposure. However, the level of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) in serum increased significantly by 46%, while the level of erythrocyte lipofuscin (LPS) decreased by 13%. The serum levels of essential metals are modified by a short-term exposure to lead in occupationally exposed workers. A short-term exposure to lead induces oxidative stress associated with elevated levels of LPH but not MDA.
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Kumakli H, Duncan AV, McDaniel K, Mehari TF, Stephenson J, Maple L, Crawford Z, Macemore CL, Babyak CM, Fakayode SO. Environmental biomonitoring of essential and toxic elements in human scalp hair using accelerated microwave-assisted sample digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:708-715. [PMID: 28199947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human scalp hair samples were collected and used to assess exposure to toxic elements and essential elements in the state of North Carolina, USA using accelerated microwave assisted acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The figures-of-merit of the ICP-OES were appropriate for elemental analysis in scalp hair with detection limits as low as 0.0001 mg/L for Cd, good linearity (R2 > 0.9978), and percent recoveries that ranged from 96 to 106% for laboratory-fortified-blanks and 88-112% for sample spike recovery study. The concentrations of essential elements in scalp hair were larger than those of toxic elements, with Ca having the highest average concentration (3080 μg/g, s = 14,500, n = 194). Some of the maximum concentrations observed for As (65 μg/g), Ni (331 μg/g), Cd (2.96 μg/g), and Cr (84.6 μg/g) in individual samples were concerning, however. Samples were statistically analyzed to determine the influence of race, gender, smoking habits, or age on the elemental concentrations in scalp hair. Higher concentrations of essential elements were observed in the scalp hair of Caucasians, females, and non-smokers, and the differences were often significant at a 90% confidence level. Several pairs of essential elements, for example Ca-K, Ca-Mg, and Ca-Zn, were strongly correlated in Caucasian hair but uncorrelated in African-American hair. Similarly, essential elements were strongly correlated in female hair but weakly correlated in male hair. Toxic element pairs (As-Cd, As-Se, Pb-As, and Se-Cd) were strongly correlated in the hair of smokers but uncorrelated in that of non-smokers, suggesting that cigarette smoke is a common source of toxic elements in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Kumakli
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - A'ja V Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Kiara McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Tsdale F Mehari
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Jamira Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Lareisha Maple
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Zaria Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Calvin L Macemore
- A. R. Smith Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, 525 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Carol M Babyak
- A. R. Smith Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, 525 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Sayo O Fakayode
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Zhai R, Zhang M, Liu J, Guang H, Li B, Chen D, Zhang S. Reference Intervals of and Relationships among Essential Trace Elements in Whole Blood of Children Aged 0-14 years. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 31. [PMID: 27558470 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential trace elements are vital to human health. In this study, our aim was to establish reference intervals of and to evaluate relationships among Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn for children. METHODS We collected blood samples of 3210 children aged 0-14 years from Lu'an, China, and concentrations of the above elements were determined by atomizer absorption spectrophotometer. A nonparametric method was used to establish the reference intervals. RESULTS Gender-related differences in concentrations were not statistically significant for the elements, except for Fe. There were strong positive and negative correlations between age and Fe (R = 0.305, P < 0.001), Zn (R = 0.573, P < 0.001); and age and Ca (R = -0.372, P < 0.001), Cu (R = -0.127, P < 0.001), respectively. Correlations between Ca-Mg (r = 0.222~0.384, P < 0.001), Fe-Mg (r = 0.495~0.614, P < 0.001), and Fe-Zn (r = 0.239~0.471, P < 0.001) were the strongest compared with others. In multivariable linear regression, after adjusted for confounding factors, the associations between Zn-Fe and Mg-Fe were the strongest with per concentration quintile increase of Fe caused Zn and Mg increasing by 4.19% (β = 0.041; 95% CI: 0.037, 0.045; P < 0.001) and 3.87% (β = 0.038; 95% CI: 0.036, 0.040; P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Gender- and age-based reference intervals of Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn for children were established, and correlations between them were quite complex. More works are needed to illuminate these relationships and their impacts on children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhai
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Meichun Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Hui Guang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Benzhong Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Lu'an People's Hospital, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China
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