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Al-Najjar MAA, Abdulrazzaq SB, Alzaghari LF, Mahmod AI, Omar A, Hasen E, Athamneh T, Talib WH, Chellappan DK, Barakat M. Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of probiotic conditioned medium on murine macrophages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7126. [PMID: 38531887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are a mixture of beneficial live bacteria and/or yeasts that naturally exist in our bodies. Recently, numerous studies have focused on the immunostimulatory effects of single-species or killed multi-species probiotic conditioned mediums on macrophages. This study investigates the immunostimulatory effect of commercially available active, multi-species probiotic conditioned medium (CM) on RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The probiotic CM was prepared by culturing the commercially available probiotic in a cell-culture medium overnight at 37 °C, followed by centrifugation and filter-sterilization to be tested on macrophages. The immunostimulatory effect of different dilution percentages (50%, 75%, 100%) of CM was examined using the MTT assay, proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha) production in macrophages, migration, and phagocytosis assays. For all the examined CM ratios, the percentages of cell viability were > 80%. Regarding the migration scratch, TNF-alpha and phagocytosis assays, CM demonstrated a concentration-dependent immunostimulatory effect. However, the undiluted CM (100%) showed a significant (p-value < 0.05) stimulatory effect compared to the positive and negative controls. The findings suggest that the secretions and products of probiotics, as measured in the CM, may be closely associated with their immune-boosting effects. Understanding this relationship between probiotic secretions and immune function is crucial for further exploring the potential benefits of probiotics in enhancing overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amin Omar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, 11937, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eliza Hasen
- MEA Research Center, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tamara Athamneh
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, 11937, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muna Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, 11937, Amman, Jordan.
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2
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Sun Y, He H, Wang Q, Yang X, Jiang S, Wang D. A Review of Development and Utilization for Edible Fungal Polysaccharides: Extraction, Chemical Characteristics, and Bioactivities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204454. [PMID: 36298031 PMCID: PMC9609814 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Because of their distinctive flavor and exceptional nutritional and medicinal value, they have been a frequent visitor to people’s dining tables and have become a hot star in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are an essential nutrient for edible fungi to exert bioactivity. They have attracted much attention because of their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic bioactivities. As a result, EFPs have demonstrated outstanding potential over the past few decades in various disciplines, including molecular biology, immunology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical chemistry. However, the complexity of EFPs and the significant impact of mushroom variety and extraction techniques on their bioactivities prevents a complete investigation of their biological features. Therefore, the authors of this paper thoroughly reviewed the comparison of different extraction methods of EFPs and their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bond type and backbone structure of EFPs are described in detail. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of EFPs extracted by different methods and their potential regulatory mechanisms are summarized. These provide a valuable reference for improving the extraction process of EFPs and their production and development in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Huaqi He
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Shengjuan Jiang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Daobing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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3
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Enhancement of Macrophage Function by the Antimicrobial Peptide Sublancin Protects Mice from Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3979352. [PMID: 31583256 PMCID: PMC6754899 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3979352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the major pathogen responsible for community and hospital bacterial infections. Sublancin, a glucosylated antimicrobial peptide isolated from Bacillus subtilis 168, possesses antibacterial infective effects. In this study, we investigated the role and anti-infection mechanism of sublancin in a mouse model of MRSA-induced sublethal infection. Sublancin could modulate innate immunity by inducing the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and nitric oxide, enhancing phagocytosis and MRSA-killing activity in both RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. The enhanced macrophage function by the peptide in vitro correlated with stronger protective activity in vivo in the MRSA-invasive sublethal infection model. Macrophage activation by sublancin was found to be partly dependent on TLR4 and the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, oral administration of sublancin increased the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. The protective activity of sublancin was associated with in vivo augmenting phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages and partly improving T cell-mediated immunity. Macrophages thus represent a potentially pivotal and novel target for future development of innate defense regulator therapeutics against S. aureus infection.
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Aisa MC, Datti A, Orlacchio A, Di Renzo GC. COX inhibitors and bone: A safer impact on osteoblasts by NO-releasing NSAIDs. Life Sci 2018; 208:10-19. [PMID: 29990484 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Although it is well known that NSAIDs can suppress bone growth, remodelling and repair, they are largely used post-operatively and post-traumatically to achieve analgesia and reduce inflammation in bone tissue. AIMS The impact of two NO-releasing, non-selective NSAIDs, NCX-4016 and HCT-3012 (NO-derivatives of Aspirin and Naproxen, respectively) on osteoblasts were evaluated and compared to the non-selective, parent chemicals and to the COX-2-selective inhibitor Celecoxib. MAIN METHODS Using MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, we considered proliferation, the early and late stage of differentiation, and the activity of proteinases thought to be involved in osteoid degradation, a preliminary fundamental event of bone remodelling. KEY FINDINGS Unlike Aspirin, Naproxen and Celecoxib, the two NO-NSAIDs did not alter proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. They also reduced the activity of plasminogen activator, metalloproteinases, and cathepsin B. Similar inhibitory effects against these proteinases were recapitulated by the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside, thereby suggesting a NO-mediated mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE Due to a differential effect on cell proliferation and differentiation, the two NO-NSAIDs exhibit a safer impact on osteoblast metabolism compared to Celecoxib and their parent compounds. This suggests an advantageous option for these drugs in individuals with a need of COX-inhibiting treatment, in general. In addition, their capability of modulating the proteinases involved in osteoid degradation may specifically suggest an additional safer use in comorbidity conditions of inflammation or pain with bone disorders characterized by high rate of remodelling, such as high-turnover osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Aisa
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, European Centre for Brain Research (CERC) - Institute for Research and Health Care (IRCCS) Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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5
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Roos J, Peters M, Maucher IV, Kühn B, Fettel J, Hellmuth N, Brat C, Sommer B, Urbschat A, Piesche M, Vogel A, Proschak E, Blöcher R, Buscató E, Häfner AK, Matrone C, Werz O, Heidler J, Wittig I, Angioni C, Geisslinger G, Parnham MJ, Zacharowski K, Steinhilber D, Maier TJ. Drug-Mediated Intracellular Donation of Nitric Oxide Potently Inhibits 5-Lipoxygenase: A Possible Key to Future Antileukotriene Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1265-1285. [PMID: 28699354 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme of leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis and is critically involved in a number of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, gout, bronchial asthma, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Because 5-LO contains critical nucleophilic amino acids, which are sensitive to electrophilic modifications, we determined the consequences of a drug-mediated intracellular release of nitric oxide (NO) on 5-LO product formation by human granulocytes and on 5-LO-dependent pulmonary inflammation in vivo. RESULTS Clinically relevant concentrations of NO-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other agents releasing NO intracellularly suppress 5-LO product synthesis in isolated human granulocytes via direct S-nitrosylation of 5-LO at the catalytically important cysteines 416 and 418. Furthermore, suppression of 5-LO product formation was observed in ionophore-stimulated human whole blood and in an animal model of pulmonary inflammation. INNOVATION Here, we report for the first time that drugs releasing NO intracellularly are efficient 5-LO inhibitors in vitro and in vivo at least equivalent to approved 5-LO inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a novel mechanistic strategy for the development of a new class of drugs suppressing LT biosynthesis by site-directed nitrosylation. The results may also help to better understand the well-recognized anti-inflammatory clinically relevant actions of NO-releasing drugs. Furthermore, our study describes in detail a novel molecular mode of action of NO. Rebound Track: This work was rejected during standard peer review and rescued by Rebound Peer Review (Antioxid Redox Signal 16: 293-296, 2012) with the following serving as open reviewers: Angel Lanas, Hartmut Kühn, Joan Clària, Orina Belton. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1265-1285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Roos
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany .,2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- 3 Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum, Germany
| | - Isabelle V Maucher
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kühn
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fettel
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Hellmuth
- 2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Camilla Brat
- 2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benita Sommer
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Urbschat
- 4 Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg, Germany .,5 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Matthias Piesche
- 5 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark .,6 Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule , Talca, Chile
| | - Anja Vogel
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany .,7 Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - René Blöcher
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Estella Buscató
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Häfner
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmela Matrone
- 5 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Oliver Werz
- 8 Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena, Germany
| | - Juliana Heidler
- 9 Department of Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- 9 Department of Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- 10 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- 7 Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Frankfurt, Germany .,10 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- 7 Project Group for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- 2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- 1 Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- 2 Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany .,5 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark
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6
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Shi J, Zhao XH. In vitro immuno-modulatory ability of tryptic caseinate hydrolysate affected by prior caseinate glycation using the Maillard reaction or transglutaminase. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1325842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Jung JY, Shin JS, Lee SG, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Hong HD, Lee KT. Lactobacillus sakei K040706 evokes immunostimulatory effects on macrophages through TLR 2-mediated activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Shah SU, Martinho N, Socha M, Pinto Reis C, Gibaud S. Synthesis and characterization ofS-nitrosoglutathione-oligosaccharide-chitosan as a nitric oxide donor. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1209-23. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1028916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Devi KSP, Behera B, Mishra D, Maiti TK. Immune augmentation and Dalton's Lymphoma tumor inhibition by glucans/glycans isolated from the mycelia and fruit body of Pleurotus ostreatus. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:207-17. [PMID: 25662752 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in cancer progression, alternatives in the medicinal field with minimal side effects need to be ascertained. In this context, for the first time novel glucans/glycans isolated from the mycelia and fruit body of Pleurotus ostreatus have been compared for their exquisite property as immunoceuticals. Glucans from both the sources displayed immunological functions which include lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage activation (nitric oxide production, ROS generation, phagocytosis, TNF-α production) as well as macrophage and NK cell mediated cytotoxicity. In vivo studies with Dalton's Lymphoma mice tumor model further enumerated the immune enhancing and tumor regression potential of the two glucan molecules. Highest tumor inhibition of about 75% and 71.4% were observed at 20mg/kg of mycelia and fruit body glucan/glycan treatments. A concomitant increase in the survival period of glucan treated tumor bearing mice was found to be primarily associated with immune boosting and apoptosis of cancerous cells. Both the glucan molecules exhibited similar degree of immune response at the systemic level with only subtle amount of differences in two dimensional in vitro cultures. Efficacy of glucans/glycans as immunomodulators may thereby provide decisive leads in strengthening the immune system along with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sanjana P Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Birendra Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasish Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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10
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Jung JY, Shin JS, Rhee Y, Cho CW, Lee MK, Hong HD, Lee KT. In vitro
and in vivo
immunostimulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide-enriched fraction from Bacillus subtilis. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:739-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-Y. Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J.-S. Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center; School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Y.K. Rhee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - C.-W. Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - M.-K. Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - H.-D. Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - K.-T. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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11
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Godin AM, Araújo DP, Menezes RR, Brito AMS, Melo ISF, Coura GME, Soares DG, Bastos LFS, Amaral FA, Ribeiro LS, Boff D, Santos JRA, Santos DA, Teixeira MM, de Fátima Â, Machado RR, Coelho MM. Activities of 2-phthalimidethanol and 2-phthalimidethyl nitrate, phthalimide analogs devoid of the glutarimide moiety, in experimental models of inflammatory pain and edema. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:291-8. [PMID: 24780502 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reintroduction of thalidomide in the pharmacotherapy greatly stimulated the interest in the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of phthalimide analogs with new and improved activities and also greater safety. In the present study, we evaluated the activities of two phthalimide analogs devoid of the glutarimide ring, namely 2-phthalimidethanol (PTD-OH) and 2-phthalimidethyl nitrate (PTD-NO), in experimental models of inflammatory pain and edema in male C57BL/6J mice. Intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of carrageenan (300 μg) induced mechanical allodynia and this response was inhibited by previous per os (p.o.) administration of PTD-OH and PTD-NO (750 mg/kg) and also by thalidomide (500 or 750 mg/kg). The edema induced by carrageenan was also inhibited by previous p.o. administration of PTD-OH (500 and 750 mg/kg) and PTD-NO (125, 250, 500 or 750 mg/kg), but not by thalidomide. Carrageenan increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CXCL1 concentrations and also the number of neutrophils in the paw tissue. Previous p.o. administration of PTD-NO (500 mg/kg) reduced all the parameters, while PTD-OH (500 mg/kg) reduced only the accumulation of neutrophils. Thalidomide, on the other hand, was devoid of effect on these biochemical parameters. Plasma concentrations of nitrite were increased after p.o. administration of the phthalimide analog coupled to a NO donor, PTD-NO (500 mg/kg), but not after administration of PTD-OH or thalidomide. In conclusion, our results show that small molecules, structurally much simpler than thalidomide or many of its analogs under investigation, exhibit similar activities in experimental models of pain and inflammation. Finally, as there is evidence that the glutarimide moiety contributes to the teratogenic effect of many thalidomide analogs, our results indicate that phthalimide analogs devoid of this functional group could represent a new class of analgesic and anti-inflammatory candidates with potential greater safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Godin
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora P Araújo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel R Menezes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Mercy S Brito
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivo S F Melo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M E Coura
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Darly G Soares
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro F S Bastos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daiane Boff
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julliana R A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renes R Machado
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio M Coelho
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Kim TH, Lee SJ, Rim HK, Shin JS, Jung JY, Heo JS, Kim JB, Lee MS, Lee KT. In vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory effects of hot water extracts from the leaves of Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:254-262. [PMID: 23810843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia princeps Pampanini (Asteraceae) is used as a traditional medicine to immune function-related diseases, such as dysmenorrhea, inflammation, cancer, and ulcers. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of the hot water extract from the leaves of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (WAPP) in recombinant interferon-γ (rIFN-γ)-primed RAW 264.7 macrophages and in cyclophosphamide (20mg/kg, i.p.)-induced immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with WAPP and production and expressions of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were detected by immunoassay, western blot, qRT-PCR and reporter gene assay. In addition, in vivo immunomodulatory activity was studied by cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in rats. RESULTS In rIFN-γ-primed RAW 264.7 macrophages, pretreatment with WAPP increased the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and increased the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the protein level and of iNOS and TNF-α at the mRNA level. Molecular data revealed that WAPP upregulated the transcriptional activity and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by activating inhibitory kappa B-α (IκB-α) degradation and phosphorylation. Furthermore, WAPP upregulated the phosphorylations of p38 MAP kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). In cycloheximide-induced immunosuppressed rats, pretreatment with WAPP (100, 200, or 400mg/kg, p.o.) increased the serum levels of albumin and globulin, and reduced immobility times. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that upregulations of the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α via the activations of NF-κB and MAPK are responsible for the immunostimulatory effects of WAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of R&D, Chunho Food Co. Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea
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Mcilhatton MA, Tyler J, Kerepesi LA, Bocker-Edmonston T, Kucherlapati MH, Edelmann W, Kucherlapati R, Kopelovich L, Fishel R. Aspirin and low-dose nitric oxide-donating aspirin increase life span in a Lynch syndrome mouse model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:684-93. [PMID: 21436383 PMCID: PMC3991477 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) appear to be effective cancer chemopreventives. Previous cellular studies showed that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid: ASA) and nitric oxide-donating ASA (NO-ASA) suppressed microsatellite instability (MSI) in mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cells linked to the common cancer predisposition syndrome hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or Lynch syndrome (LS/HNPCC), at doses 300- to 3,000-fold less than ASA. Using a mouse model that develops MMR-deficient intestinal tumors that appear pathologically identical to LS/HNPCC, we show that ASA (400 mg/kg) and low-dose NO-ASA (72 mg/kg) increased life span by 18% to 21%. We also note a trend where ASA treatment resulted in intestinal tumors with reduced high MSI (H-MSI) and increased low MSI (L-MSI) as defined by the Bethesda Criteria. Low-dose NO-ASA had a minimal effect on MSI status. In contrast to previous studies, high-dose NO-ASA (720/1,500 mg/kg) treatments increased tumor burden, decreased life span, and exacerbated MSI uniquely in the LS/HNPCC mouse model. These results suggest that MMR-deficient tissues/mice may be specifically sensitive to intrinsic pharmacokinetic features of this drug. It is likely that long-term treatment with ASA may represent a chemopreventive option for LS/HNPCC patients. Moreover, as low-dose NO-ASA shows equivalent life span increase at 10-fold lower doses than ASA, it may have the potential to significantly reduce the gastropathy associated with long-term ASA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Mcilhatton
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, 400 West 12 Avenue, RM 351, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Jessica Tyler
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, 400 West 12 Avenue, RM 351, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Laura A. Kerepesi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, 400 West 12 Avenue, RM 351, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Tina Bocker-Edmonston
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 125 South 11th St., RM 414A, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Melanie H. Kucherlapati
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, New Research Building, Room 250, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Room 277, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Raju Kucherlapati
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, New Research Building, Room 250, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- NIH/NCI/DCP, EPN Suite 2114, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Fishel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, 400 West 12 Avenue, RM 351, Columbus OH 43210, USA
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Won DP, Lee JS, Kwon DS, Lee KE, Shin WC, Hong EK. Immunostimulating activity by polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus. Mol Cells 2011; 31:165-73. [PMID: 21191814 PMCID: PMC3932689 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the immunostimulating activity of polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus (PFIO). Additionally, the signaling pathway of PFIO-mediated macrophage activation was investigated in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. We found that PFIO was capable of promoting NO/ROS production, TNF-α secretion and phagocytic uptake in macrophages, as well as cell proliferation, comitogenic effect and IFN-γ/IL-4 secretion in mouse splenocytes. PFIO was able to induce the phosphorylation of three MAPKs as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, resulting in activation of RAW264.7 macrophages. PFIO also induced the inhibition of TNF-α secretion by anti-TLR2 mAb, consequently, PFIO might be involved in TNF-α secretion via the TLR2 receptor. In addition, our results showed that oral administration of PFIO suppressed in vivo growth of melanoma tumor in tumorbearing mice. In conclusion, our experiments presented that PFIO effectively promotes macrophage activation through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that PFIO may potentially regulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eock Kee Hong
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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15
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Razavi R, Gehrke I, Gandhirajan RK, Poll-Wolbeck SJ, Hallek M, Kreuzer KA. Nitric Oxide–Donating Acetylsalicylic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells and Shows Strong Antitumor Efficacy In vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 17:286-93. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Derhaschnig U, Schweeger-Exeli I, Marsik C, Cardona F, Minuz P, Jilma B. Effects of aspirin and NO-aspirin (NCX 4016) on platelet function and coagulation in human endotoxemia. Platelets 2010; 21:320-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09537101003735572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Youn MJ, Kim JK, Park SY, Kim Y, Park C, Kim ES, Park KI, So HS, Park R. Potential anticancer properties of the water extract of Inonotus [corrected] obliquus by induction of apoptosis in melanoma B16-F10 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 121:221-228. [PMID: 19041933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom), one of the widely known medicinal mushrooms, has been used to treat various cancers in Russia and most of Baltic countries for many centuries. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the anti-proliferative effects of Inonotus obliquus extract on melanoma B16-F10 cells. Furthermore, to assess the anti-tumor effect of Inonotus obliquus extract in vivo in Balb/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The water extract of Inonotus obliquus was studied for anti-proliferative effects on the growth and morphology of B16-F10 melanoma cells and for anti-tumor effect using in vivo in Balb/c mice. RESULTS Inonotus obliquus extract not only inhibited the growth of B16-F10 cells by causing cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase and apoptosis, but also induced cell differentiation. These effects were associated with the down-regulation of pRb, p53 and p27 expression levels, and further showed that Inonotus obliquus extract resulted in a G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest with reduction of cyclin E/D1 and Cdk 2/4 expression levels. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of Inonotus obliquus extract was assessed in vivo in Balb/c mice. Intraperitoneal administration of Inonotus obliquus extract significantly inhibited the growth of tumor mass in B16-F10 cells implanted mice, resulting in a 3-fold (relative to the positive control, (*)p<0.05) inhibit at dose of 20mg/kg/day for 10 days. CONCLUSION This study showed that the water extract of Inonotus obliquus mushroom exhibited a potential anticancer activity against B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation and apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ja Youn
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center and Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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18
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Rao CV, Joseph S, Gao L, Patlolla JMR, Choi CI, Kopelovich L, Steele VE, Rigas B. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of NO-donating aspirin in F344 rats. Int J Oncol 2008; 33:799-805. [PMID: 18813794 PMCID: PMC2579329 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NO-ASA) represents class of promising chemopreventive NO-NSAIDs. NO-ASA combines the beneficial effects of ASA and the gut-sparing effect of the NO moiety. There is, however, limited information on its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in vivo. Herein, experiments were designed to identify the optimal dose, the effective route of administration, and targeted markers in plasma and colonic tissues of male F344 rats. Seven weeks old male F344 rats were randomized into 9 groups (16/group) and fed the control diet. At eight weeks of age, groups 2-5 were each administered one of four different doses of NO-ASA by gavage (33, 66, 132 and 264 mg/kg) and each of groups 6-9 were fed diets containing NO-ASA (35, 700, 1,400 and 2,800 ppm) for two weeks. Rats were sacrificed 2 and 10 h after completion of the two weeks of treatment with NO-ASA and plasma and colonic mucosa were collected and analyzed for NO-ASA, its metabolites, and PGE2 and TXB2 levels. Our results indicate that NO-ASA is rapidly metabolized, predominantly to salicylic acid; no intact NO-ASA was detected in plasma. Compared to diet-fed NO-ASA, gavaging generated much higher salicylic acid levels over a wide range of doses and a relatively broad time period (10 h). Regardless of its route of administration, NO-ASA lowered the levels of PGE2 in colonic tissues and plasma, as well as TxB2 in plasma in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These findings may have practical utility for the administration of NO-ASA to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V Rao
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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19
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Kaddai V, Gonzalez T, Bolla M, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Cormont M. The nitric oxide-donating derivative of acetylsalicylic acid, NCX 4016, stimulates glucose transport and glucose transporters translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E162-9. [PMID: 18492771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00622.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NCX 4016 is a nitric oxide (NO)-donating derivative of acetylsalicylic acid. NO and salicylate, in vivo metabolites of NCX 4016, were shown to be potential actors in controlling glucose homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the action of NCX 4016 on the capacity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to transport glucose in basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. NCX 4016 induced a twofold increase in glucose uptake in parallel with the translocation of the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, leaving unaffected their total expression levels. Importantly, NCX 4016 further increased glucose transport induced by a physiological concentration of insulin. The stimulatory effect of NCX 4016 on glucose uptake appears to be mediated by its NO moiety. Indeed, it is inhibited by a NO scavenger and treatment with acetylsalicylic or salicylic acid had no effect. Although NO is involved in the action of NCX 4016, it did not mainly depend on the soluble cGMP cyclase/protein kinase G pathway. Furthermore, NCX 4016-stimulated glucose transport did not involve the insulin-signaling cascade required to stimulate glucose transport. NCX 4016 induces a small activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and no activation of other stress-activated signaling molecules, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, inhibitory factor kappaB, or AMP-activated kinases. Interestingly, NCX 4016 modified the content of S-nitrosylated proteins in adipocytes. Taken together, our results indicate that NCX 4016 induced glucose transport in adipocytes through a novel mechanism possibly involving S-nitrosylation. NCX 4016 thus possesses interesting characteristics to be considered as a candidate molecule for the treatment of patients suffering from metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kaddai
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 895, Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Faculté de Médecine, University of Nice/Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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20
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Rigas B, Williams JL. NO-donating NSAIDs and cancer: an overview with a note on whether NO is required for their action. Nitric Oxide 2008; 19:199-204. [PMID: 18486630 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) consist of a conventional NSAID to which an NO-releasing moiety is attached covalently, often via a spacer molecule. NO-NSAIDs represent an emerging class of compounds with chemopreventive properties against a variety of cancers, demonstrated in preclinical models including cell culture systems and animal tumor models; their potential efficacy in humans has not been assessed. Their mechanism of action appears complex and involves the generation of reactive oxygen species, suppression of microsatellite instability in mismatch repair-deficient cells, and modulation of several signaling cascades that culminate in inhibited cell renewal and enhanced apoptosis. NO, long appreciated to be able to protect from and also promote cancer, is released form NO-NSAIDs and constitutes their defining property. Existing data are consistent with the notion that NO may mediate their anticancer effect. In addition there is evidence that long-term administration of NO-donating compounds is not associated with increased incidence of colon cancer. Whether NO release is required for the anticancer effect of NO-NSAIDs has being questioned by recent data indicating that, at least in the case of NO-aspirin, the NO-releasing moiety may serve as a leaving group while the spacer actually being the moiety responsible for its pharmacological action. Regardless of mechanistic issues, these compounds promise to contribute to the control of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Rigas
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5200, USA.
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21
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Kashfi K, Rigas B. The mechanism of action of nitric oxide-donating aspirin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 358:1096-101. [PMID: 17512900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
NO-donating aspirin (NO-ASA) is a promising anticancer drug. We studied the contribution of NO-ASA's components (ASA, NO-releasing moiety, and spacer linking them) to its effect. The ASA and NO-releasing moieties play no biological role: ASA inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells >100-fold less potently that NO-ASA; and denitrated NO-ASA plus the NO-donor SNAP releasing the same amount of NO as NO-ASA, inhibit the growth of cancer cells >50-fold less potently than NO-ASA. The biologically active moiety of NO-ASA is the spacer: it is chemically reactive (studies with NO-ASA radiolabeled at the spacer demonstrated that it binds to proteins); and compounds in which the ASA or the NO-releasing groups are replaced inhibit cell growth similar to NO-ASA. We propose a mechanism of action of NO-ASA involving formation of quinone methide from its para and ortho isomers and of a carbocation from the meta, with the NO-releasing group functioning as a leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031, USA.
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22
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Rigas B. The use of nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2007; 23:55-9. [PMID: 17133086 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0b013e32801145b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are emerging as a promising class of compounds for the chemoprevention of colon cancer. Recent progress in their preclinical and mechanistic evaluation is reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS Compared to their parent compounds, nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are up to several hundred times more potent in inhibiting the growth of colon cancer cell lines and also quite effective in preventing colon cancer in various tumor animal models. Their chemopreventive effect is brought about through a strong cell kinetic effect, including inhibition of proliferation, induction of cell death and inhibition of cell cycle phase transitions. The induction of oxidative stress appears mechanistically crucial. Pleiotropic effects on cell signaling have been identified including Wnt, NOS2, mitogen-activated protein kinase and Nrf2 signaling. Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly nitric oxide-donating aspirin, appear to be very safe compounds, as evidenced from many animal and early human studies. SUMMARY Nitric oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hold the promise of being safe and effective chemopreventive agents against colon cancer. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether these drugs can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Rigas
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
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Brunelli S, Rovere-Querini P, Sciorati C, Manfredi AA, Clementi E. Nitric oxide: emerging concepts about its use in cell-based therapies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 16:33-43. [PMID: 17155852 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an emerging clinical discipline in which cell-based therapies are used to restore the functions of damaged or defective tissues and organs. Along with the well-established use of cells derived from bone marrow or pancreatic islets, novel approaches of cell therapy have recently emerged that appear particularly promising; that is, those using cell-based vaccines and stem cells. This review focuses on the recent developments of these experimental therapeutic approaches and their drawbacks, with specific focus on dendritic cell vaccines in tumours and mesoangioblasts in muscular dystrophies. The authors discuss how the unique properties of a gaseous messenger, NO, may be exploited to overcome some of the drawbacks of these cell-based approaches in combined therapies based on NO-releasing drugs and cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Brunelli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Experimental, Environmental Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, 20052 Monza, Italy
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24
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Rao CV, Reddy BS, Steele VE, Wang CX, Liu X, Ouyang N, Patlolla JMR, Simi B, Kopelovich L, Rigas B. Nitric oxide–releasing aspirin and indomethacin are potent inhibitors against colon cancer in azoxymethane-treated rats: effects on molecular targets. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:1530-8. [PMID: 16818512 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAID) are promising chemoprevention agents; unlike conventional NSAIDs, they seem free of appreciable adverse effects, while they retain beneficial activities of their parent compounds. Their effect on colon carcinogenesis using carcinoma formation as an end point is unknown. We assessed the chemopreventive properties of NO-indomethacin (NCX 530) and NO-aspirin (NCX 4016) against azoxymethane-induced colon cancer. Seven-week-old male F344 rats were fed control diet, and 1 week later, rats received two weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight). Two weeks after azoxymethane treatment, rats (48 per group) were fed experimental diets containing NO-indomethacin (0, 40, or 80 ppm), or NO-aspirin (1,500 or 3,000 ppm), representing 40% and 80% of the maximum tolerated dose. All rats were killed 48 weeks after azoxymethane treatment and assessed for colon tumor efficacy and molecular changes in colonic tumors and normally appearing colonic mucosa of different dietary groups. Our results suggest that NO-indomethacin at 40 and 80 ppm and NO-aspirin at 3,000 ppm significantly suppressed both tumor incidence (P < 0.01) and multiplicity (P < 0.001). The degree of inhibition was more pronounced with NO-indomethacin at both dose levels (72% and 76% inhibition) than with NO-aspirin (43% and 67%). NO-indomethacin at 40 and 80 ppm and NO-aspirin at 3,000 ppm significantly inhibited the colon tumors' (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001) total cyclooxygenase (COX), including COX-2 activity (52-75% inhibition) and formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1alpha, and TxB2 from arachidonic acid (53-77% inhibition). Nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) activity and beta-catenin expression were suppressed in animals given NO-NSAID. In colonic crypts and tumors of animals fed these two NO-NSAIDs, there was a significant decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling when compared with animals fed the control diet. The results of this study provide strong evidence that NO-NSAIDs possess strong inhibitory effect against colon carcinogenesis; their effect is associated with suppression of COX and NOS-2 activities and beta-catenin levels in colon tumors. These results pave the way for the rational design of human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V Rao
- Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Gresele P, Momi S. Pharmacologic Profile and Therapeutic Potential of NCX 4016, a Nitric Oxide-releasing Aspirin, for Cardiovascular Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 24:148-68. [PMID: 16961726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2006.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NCX 4016, 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3-[(nitrooxy)methyl]phenyl ester, is a new molecule in which a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing moiety is covalently linked to aspirin. After enzymatic metabolism, NCX 4016 releases both components. In vitro and in some animal models, these components exert their pharmacologic effects simultaneously. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous molecule that exerts several activities which may prevent atherothrombotic disorders. Moreover, it displays a protective activity on the gastric mucosa. NCX 4016 has been shown to inhibit platelet activation in vitro more effectively than aspirin, to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation, to exert an endothelial cell protective activity and to suppress the function of several inflammatory cells potentially involved in atherothrombosis. In animal models, NCX 4016 protected from platelet thromboembolism, prevented restenosis in atherosclerosis-prone animals, protected the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury, and induced neoangiogenesis in critically ischemic limbs. Moreover, it displayed little or no gastric toxicity and appeared to protect stomach from noxious stimuli, including aspirin. NCX 4016 has been evaluated in healthy volunteers and found to inhibit platelet cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) similarly to or slightly less than aspirin, to raise the circulating levels of NO-degradation products, and to have little or no gastric toxicity in short term studies. In particular, in phase II studies, NCX 4016 had favorable effects on effort-induced endothelial dysfunction in intermittent claudication and on platelet-activation parameters elicited by short-term hyperglycemia in type II diabetics. In patients with type II diabetes the effects of NCX 4016 on microalbuminuria and on some hemodynamic parameters were promising. The pharmacokinetics of in vivo aspirin- and NO- released by NCX 4016, as well as the bioavailability of the two molecules, were not yet adequately studied. Also, the long-term tolerability of NCX 4016, as well as its possible effectiveness in preventing ischemic cardiovascular events and progression of atherosclerosis, should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gresele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Abstract
Almost 20 years after the identification of the biological role of nitric oxide (NO), the full therapeutic potential of novel agents that mimic the activity of NO or interfere with its synthesis has yet to be realised for utilities involving the gastrointestinal tract. New utilities for classical NO donors, which were used as vasodilators for decades, in the treatment of motility disorders have been explored and a product for treating anal fissure was recently launched. New classes of compounds incorporating a NO-donating moiety into standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the NO-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) or COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donors (CINODs) have also been developed. These have been shown to exhibit reduced gastrointestinal injury in experimental models, and reports on their efficacy and safety in Phase I and II studies are now available. Modulation of the inducible NO synthase isoform that generates excessive NO that can lead to subsequent cytotoxic moieties, such as peroxynitrite, may have therapeutic possibilities in a range of inflammatory diseases of the gut. Likewise, agents that promote the decomposition of peroxynitrite or removal of its other component, superoxide, may also prove to be of use. Further targets for pharmaceutical exploitation are likely to come from both genomic and molecular insights into the processes that regulate the NO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J R Whittle
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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27
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Kim YO, Park HW, Kim JH, Lee JY, Moon SH, Shin CS. Anti-cancer effect and structural characterization of endo-polysaccharide from cultivated mycelia of Inonotus obliquus. Life Sci 2006; 79:72-80. [PMID: 16458328 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The endo-polysaccharide extracted from mycelia of Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pil. (Hymenochaetaceae) is a specific activator of B cells and macrophages. However, the in vivo anti-cancer effects and the chemical structure of the endo-polysaccharide are unknown. We purified the endo-polysaccharide, investigated its anti-cancer effects via in vitro and in vivo assays, and performed a structural characterization. The endo-polysaccharide was extracted from I. obliquus mycelia cultivated in a 300-l pilot fermenter, followed by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Purification was achieved by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography. Chemical analysis revealed that the purified endo-polysaccharide is an alpha-linked fucoglucomannan with a molecular weight of approximately 1,000 kDa. The anti-cancer activities of the endo-polysaccharide against various types of tumor cells were determined. No direct toxicity against either cancer or normal cells was observed. Intraperitoneal administration of the endo-polysaccharide significantly prolonged the survival rate of B16F10-implanted mice, resulting in a 4.07-fold increase in the survival rate at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day. After 60 days of feeding, approximately 67% of the initial number of mice survived with no tumor incidence based on macroscopic examination. These results indicate that the anti-cancer effect of endo-polysaccharide is not directly tumorcidal but rather is immuno-stimulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ook Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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28
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Bolla M, Momi S, Gresele P, Del Soldato P. Nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NCX 4016): an overview of its pharmacological properties and clinical perspectives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-005-0026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Dhawan V, Schwalb DJ, Shumway MJ, Warren MC, Wexler RS, Zemtseva IS, Zifcak BM, Janero DR. Selective nitros(yl)ation induced in vivo by a nitric oxide-donating cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a NObonomic analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:1191-207. [PMID: 16214035 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) enhances anti-inflammatory drug action. Through a metabonomics approach termed "NObonomics," the effects of a prototypic NO donor (organic nitrate)-cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor hybrid (NO-coxib), NMI-1093, on the NO metabolite status of the circulation and major organs have been profiled in vivo in the rat. An oral anti-inflammatory NMI-1093 bolus elicited acute tissue-, time-, and dose-dependent changes in oxidative and nitroso/nitrosyl NO metabolites. Gastric N-nitrosation and hepatic S-nitrosation and heme nitrosylation emerged as sensitive indices of this NO-coxib's metabolism. Acute NMI-1093-induced nitros(yl)ation correlated positively as a function of nitrate plus nitrite formation across all organs examined, suggesting a unifying in vivo mechanism consequent to NMI-1093 biotransformation that links oxidative and nitros(yl)ative routes of NO chemical biology and thereby may support downstream NO signaling. NMI-1093 depressed erythrocyte nitros(yl)ation, likely by inhibiting cellular carbonic anhydrase and shifting the intracellular balance between nitrogen oxides and carbonates. Glutathione-S-transferase or cytochrome P450 inhibitors also attenuated NMI-1093's NO metabolism in a compartment-selective fashion. Although not itself a NO donor, the des-nitro coxib analog of NMI-1093 influenced basal NO metabolite profiles, implicating a cyclooxygenase-NO synthase interaction in physiological NO regulation. By detailing the global NO metrics of a unique coxib bearing a popular NO-donor pharmacophore (i.e., a nitrate moiety) and defining some critical mechanistic determinants, this study demonstrates how NObonomics can serve as valuable tool in helping elucidate NO systems biology and the effect of NO-donor and non-NO-donating therapeutics thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Dhawan
- NitroMed, Inc., 125 Spring Street, Lexington, MA 02421-7801, USA
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30
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Burke SG, Wainwright CL, Vojnovic I, Warner T, Watson DG, Furman BL. The effect of NCX4016 [2-acetoxy-benzoate 2-(2-nitroxymethyl)-phenyl ester] on the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:1107-14. [PMID: 16260580 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.096339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic administration of NCX4016 [2 acetoxy-benzoate 2-(2-nitroxymethyl)-phenyl ester], a nitric oxide-releasing aspirin derivative on the consequences of coronary artery occlusion in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Rats were made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin (60 mg kg(-1)) and received insulin (2.5 U kg(-1) s.c.) daily for 4 weeks. Animals received vehicle (1 ml kg(-1) polyethylene glycol), aspirin (65.2 mg kg(-1)), NCX4016 (60 mg kg(-1)), or (iv) NCX4016 (120 mg kg(-1)) orally, once daily for the last 5 days before coronary artery occlusion (CAO). One hour after the last dose, pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were subjected to CAO for 30 min followed by 120-min reperfusion. Neither drug significantly modified initial hemodynamics or plasma glucose levels compared with vehicle treatment in either nondiabetic or diabetic rats. Neither drug modified the total ventricular premature beat (VPB) count in normal animals, although NCX4016, but not aspirin, reduced the total VPB count and the incidence of ventricular tachycardia in diabetic rats. In nondiabetic animals, both aspirin and NCX4016 reduced infarct size. However, in diabetic rats, infarct size was reduced only by the larger dose of NCX4016 (120 mg kg(-1)) but not by aspirin or the lower dose of NCX4016. These results demonstrate that the cardioprotective effects of NCX4016 are reduced in the presence of diabetes compared with the effects seen in nondiabetic animals. In summary, the present study confirms the protective effect of NCX4016 against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the normal rat heart and demonstrates for the first time its protective effect in the heart of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Burke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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31
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Zhu YZ, Chong CL, Chuah SC, Huang SH, Nai HS, Tong HT, Whiteman M, Moore PK. Cardioprotective effects of nitroparacetamol and paracetamol in acute phase of myocardial infarction in experimental rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 290:H517-24. [PMID: 16172162 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00572.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether nitroparacetamol (NO-paracetamol) and paracetamol exhibit cardioprotective effects. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in rats, and drug treatment was started 1 wk before surgery. Mortality rate and infarct size at 2 days after MI were compared. Treatment groups included vehicle (saline), paracetamol (5 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) and NO-paracetamol (15 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)). Mortality rates for vehicle (n = 80), paracetamol (n = 79), and NO-paracetamol (n = 76) groups were 37.5%, 21.5%, and 26.3%, respectively. Infarct size for the vehicle group was 44.8% (+/-6.1%) of the left ventricle (LV). For the paracetamol and NO-paracetamol groups, infarct size was 31.3% (+/-5.6%) and 30.7% (+/-8.1%) of the LV, respectively. Both paracetamol- and NO-paracetamol-treated groups showed increased activities of catalase and SOD compared with the vehicle group. They could attenuate endothelial, inducible, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 gene expression after MI. The observation indicates the potential clinical significance of the cardioprotective effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhun Zhu
- Dept. of Pharmacology, National Univ. of Singapore, Singapore 117597.
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