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Yang Y, Li G, Li Z, Lu L. The roles of typical emerging pollutants on N 2O emissions during biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172851. [PMID: 38685430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
N2O as a potent greenhouse gas often generates in the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes during wastewater treatment, which makes BNR become an important greenhouse gas emission source. The emerging pollutants (EPs) are ubiquitous in wastewater and they have shown to influence the BNR processes. However, the deep discussion on potential impacts of EPs on N2O emissions during BNR is rare. Moreover, the experimental parameters for EPs investigation in most of literatures are generally not in line with real-world BNR processes, which calls for deep elucidating the roles of EPs on N2O production and emission. In this work, a critical review summarizes the existing literature about influences of typical EPs on N2O emissions and associated mechanisms during BNR, and it discusses the impacts of some easily overlooked factors, such as real EPs environmental concentrations, EPs bioaccumulation, and multiple EPs coexistence on N2O emissions. This review will provide an insight into exploring and mitigating threats posed by typical EPs on N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhida Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Zhu L, Jiao Y, Wang L, Xiao P, Li X, Yin Z, Zhang T, Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in bivalve molluscs from Shandong Province, China: Occurrence, distribution, and implications for human consumption. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116433. [PMID: 38723551 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We examined the occurrence and levels of 19 legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in 7 species of marine bivalve molluscs collected from four coastal cities of Shandong Province, China. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most prevalent component, accounting for 68.1 % of total PFASs. The total PFASs in bivalve molluscs ranged from 0.86 to 6.55 ng/g wet weight, with the highest concentration found in Meretrix meretrix L. The concentration of total PFASs in bivalve molluscs showed the following trend: clams > scallops > oysters > mussels. Estimation on the human intake of PFASs from consumption of bivalve molluscs resulted in hazard ratios (HR) ranging from 0.12 to 6.40. Five of the seven species had HR >1, indicating high exposure risks associated with PFASs. Therefore, the occurrence of PFASs in marine biota is particularly concerning and further investigations on the sources of PFASs in Shandong are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Yanni Jiao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Liyou Wang
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Peirui Xiao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Zhendong Yin
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou, PR China
| | - Yurong Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Luping Yang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, PR China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, PR China.
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3
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Burkhardt JB, Cadwallader A, Pressman JG, Magnuson ML, Williams AJ, Sinclair G, Speth TF. Polanyi adsorption potential theory for estimating PFAS treatment with granular activated carbon. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2023; 53:1-10. [PMID: 37234354 PMCID: PMC10208310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of chemicals that have gained interest because some PFAS have been shown to have negative health effects and prolonged environmental and biological persistence. Chemicals classified as PFAS have a wide range of chemical moieties that impart widely variable properties, leading to a range of water treatment process efficacies. The Polanyi Potential Adsorption Theory was used to estimate Freundlich isotherm parameters to predict the efficacy of granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment for 428 PFAS chemicals for which the vast majority had no previously published treatment data. This method accounts for the physical/chemical characteristics of the individual PFAS beyond molecular weight or chain length that have previously been employed. From a statistical analysis of available data and model results, many of the 428 PFAS were predicted to be effectively treatable by GAC. Although not directly applicable to full-scale design, the approach demonstrates a systematic method for predicting the effectiveness of GAC where isotherm or column data are not available. This then can be used to prioritize future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Burkhardt
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Adam Cadwallader
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Jonathan G. Pressman
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, OH 45268, USA
| | - Matthew L. Magnuson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Antony J. Williams
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Gabriel Sinclair
- Syngenta (formerly at, National Student Services Contractor, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA)
| | - Thomas F. Speth
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
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Hu H, Liu M, Shen L, Zhang L, Zhu H, Wu Q. Simultaneous determination of multiple perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with automated solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1224:123736. [PMID: 37245446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Diet is an important route of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and aquatic products are the main dietary source of PFASs. This study aimed to establish a method for the analysis of 52 PFASs in typical aquatic products, such as crucian carp, large yellow croaker, shrimp, and clam, by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) after automated solid phase extraction (SPE). After optimization of the conditions of SPE, the recovery and precision of the method is within an acceptable range. The intra-day and inter-day average recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 66.5% to 122.3% and 64.5%-128.0% for crucian carp, large yellow croaker, shrimp, and clam, with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.78%-11.4%, and 2.54%-24.2%. The ranges of method detection limits (MDLs) and quantification limits (MQLs) of PFASs were 0.003-0.60 ng/g and 0.005-2.0 ng/g, respectively. The accuracy of the method was also verified by standard reference material (SRM), and the measured values of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were in the allowable range. The method was applied to analyze aquatic products from the local supermarket. The concentrations of ∑PFASs ranged from 13.9 ng/g ww to 75.5 ng/g ww. PFOS was the dominant pollutant, accounting for 79.6% of ∑PFASs. The branch-chain isomers, perfluoro-3-methylheptane sulfonate (P3MHpS) and perfluoro-6-methylheptane sulfonate (P6MHpS) accounted for one-quarter of PFOS. Long-chain perfluoro carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were also detected in most samples. The estimated daily intake of PFOS was over the recommended tolerable intake by several organizations such as the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), the New Jersey Drinking Water Quality Institute (NJDWQI), and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). PFOS would have posed health risks to consumers through dietary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090 Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, 201203 Shanghai, China.
| | - Lu Shen
- Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, 201203 Shanghai, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, 201203 Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- Bioassay and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement, 201203 Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090 Shanghai, China.
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Guo Y, Shi W, Liang Y, Liu Z, Xie Q, Wu J, Wu Y, Sun X. Spatiotemporal and life history related trends of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Indo-Pacific finless porpoises from south China sea (2007-2020). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136780. [PMID: 36241122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) levels in Indo-Pacific finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), near the most economically developed region in China, have not been characterized. We measured the hepatic concentrations of twelve PFASs, including nine perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and three perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in the finless porpoises (n = 21) collected from the PRE between 2007 and 2020. The average level of PFSAs was more than 2-times higher than that of PFCAs. The order of six dominant PFASs was perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) > perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) > perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) > perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) > perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) > perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA). The levels of Hepatic PFOS of 29% samples exceeded the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) values. The concentration of PFASs in males was significant higher than in females. PFASs levels were significantly negatively correlated with body length in males and positively correlated in females. PFASs levels in the PRE finless porpoises were lower than in humpback dolphins possibly due to different foraging habitat toward the coast and the consumption of less fish. PFCAs levels in finless porpoises from the western PRE were higher compared to Hong Kong, possibly due to the high-intensity sources of terrestrial anthropogenic pollutants. Significant increasing spatiotemporal trends of PFSAs, PFCAs and PFASs were found in finless porpoises from 2007 to 2020, suggesting a continuously increased risk of PFASs exposure for PRE cetaceans in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Guo
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yuqin Liang
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Xian Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China.
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6
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Wang X, Shi X, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Peng J, Tan W, Wu K. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposures interfere with behaviors and transcription of genes on nervous and muscle system in zebrafish embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157816. [PMID: 35931148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) has been widely detected in environment and organisms. PFOS has been identified as the driving agent for the behavioral changes of zebrafish larvae, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to 0, 0.04, 0.1, 0.4 and 1 μM PFOS for 166 h. The locomotor behaviors and the mRNA transcription of genes in neuromuscular system were detected. Exposure to PFOS did not affect the hatching/death rates and body length, but increased the heart beat rates and frequency of spontaneous tail coiling. Locomotor behavior in zebrafish larvae of 0.4 and 1 μM PFOS groups were increased in the light condition. Additionally, the levels of acetylcholine (Ach) in 0.4 μM PFOS group and dopamine (DA) in 0.1, 0.4 and 1 μM PFOS groups were found to be significantly increased. The expression of genes related to the synthesis and decomposition of ACh,the synthesis and receptor of DA, and fosab was increased in the different PFOS treatment groups, while the expression of all the other genes of the neuromuscular system were significantly reduced. The findings of this investigation demonstrated that PFOS exposure may alter the locomotor behavior of zebrafish through disrupting the expressions of genes in neuromuscular system. The disturbed process of neurotransmitter transmission and muscle contraction caused by PFOS may be the dominant mechanism of hyperactivity in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Medical Record Statistics Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
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7
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Wang Q, Ruan Y, Jin L, Lu G, Ma L, Yeung LWY, Wang WX, Lam PKS. Oysters for legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) monitoring in estuarine and coastal waters: Phase distribution and bioconcentration profile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157453. [PMID: 35863582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a diverse group of widely used anthropogenic chemicals that are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative, especially in aquatic ecosystem. The heavily industrialized and urbanized Greater Bay Area in China represents a notable contamination source for PFASs, which may potentially influence the health of local oysters as a keystone species in local ecosystems and a popular seafood. In this study, samples of oysters and their surrounding waters were collected from the littoral zones of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China during winter 2020, where 44 PFASs, including 19 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), 8 emerging PFASs, and 17 PFAA precursors (or intermediates), were analyzed. Total PFAS concentrations ranged 13.8-58.8 ng/L in the dissolved phase, 3.60-11.2 ng/g dry weight (dw) in the suspended particulate matter (SPM), and 0.969-1.98 ng/g dw in the oysters. Most short-chain PFASs were present in the dissolved phase (>95%), while long-chain PFASs generally showed higher concentrations in the SPM. Log field-based bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of long-chain PFASs increased linearly (r = 0.95, p < 0.01) with increasing estimated log membrane-water (Dmw) and protein-water (Dpw) distribution coefficients. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) exhibited higher measured BCFs than those estimated by their Dmw and Dpw. Considering the widespread occurrence of their precursors, the contribution of precursor transformation was likely to be a significant source of PFHxA and PFHpA. Oysters from the PRE littoral zones posed low risks to human health associated with PFAS consumption, which might be underestimated due to limited toxicity data available for PFAA precursors and emerging PFASs. This study sheds light on the practicality of applying oysters as biomonitors for timely PFAS monitoring in coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Linjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Lan Ma
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leo W Y Yeung
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.
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Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Multi-Industry Sources to Water, Sediments and Plants along Nairobi River Basin, Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158980. [PMID: 35897351 PMCID: PMC9331875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ever-present pollutants in the environment. They are persistent and bio-accumulative with deleterious health effects on biota. This study assesses the levels of PFAS in environmental matrices along the Nairobi River, Kenya. An aggregate of 30 PFAS were determined in water, while 28 PFAS were detected in sediments and plants using solid phase extraction then liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric techniques. In water, higher levels of perfluoroundecanoic acids of up to 39.2 ng L−1 were observed. Sediment and plant samples obtained in the midstream and downstream contained higher levels of perfluorooctanoic acid of up to 39.62 and 29.33 ng g−1, respectively. Comparably, levels of long-chain PFAS were higher in water and sediments than in plants. Sediment/water log distribution of selected PFAS ranged between 2.5 (perfluoroundecanoic acid) and 4.9 (perfluorooctane sulfonate). The level of perfluorooctane sulfonate (1.83 ng L−1) in water is above the acceptable level in surface water posing high human health and ecological risks. The observed PFAS concentrations and distribution were attributed mainly to multi-industries located along the river, among other sources. The knowledge of PFAS occurrence and distribution in Nairobi River, Kenya, provides important information to local regulatory agencies for PFAS pollution control.
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Chen Y, Xie H, Junaid M, Xu N, Zhu Y, Tao H, Wong M. Spatiotemporal distribution, source apportionment and risk assessment of typical hormones and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in environmental and biological samples from the mariculture areas in the Pearl River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150752. [PMID: 34619214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work studied the levels, distribution, potential sources, ecological and human health risks of typical hormones and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the mariculture areas of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. The environmental levels of 11 hormones (6 estrogens, 4 progestogens, and 1 androgen) and 2 phenolic EDCs were quantified in various matrices including water, sediment, cultured fish and shellfish. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry analyses showed that all the 13 target compounds were detected in biotic samples, whereas 10 were detected in water and sediment, respectively. The total concentrations ranged from 35.06-364.53 ng/L in water and 6.31-29.30 ng/g in sediment, respectively. The average contaminant levels in shellfish (Ostrea gigas, Mytilus edulis and Mimachlamys nobilis) were significantly higher than those in fish (Culter alburnus, Ephippus orbis and Ephippus orbis). Source apportionment revealed that the pollution of hormones and phenolic EDCs in PRD mariculture areas was resulted from the combination of coastal anthropogenic discharges and mariculture activities. The hazard quotient values of the contaminants were all less than 1, implying no immediate human health risk. Overall, the present study is of great significance for scientific mariculture management, land-based pollution control, ecosystem protection, and safeguarding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiwen Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Youchang Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huchun Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minghung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Cheng Y, Mai L, Lu X, Li Z, Guo Y, Chen D, Wang F. Occurrence and abundance of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on microplastics (MPs) in Pearl River Estuary (PRE) region: Spatial and temporal variations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 281:117025. [PMID: 33813193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the occurrence and distribution of various chemicals on microplastics (MPs) has been widely studied, little was known about the concentrations of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on MPs. In this study, MPs from eight rivers draining into Pearl River Estuary (PRE) region were collected and analyzed. Higher concentrations of PFASs on MPs (105-9.07 × 103 ng g-1) were found in the drain outlets receiving wastewater from most urbanized cities with large population densities. On the other hand, lower concentrations of PFASs on MPs (10.3-227.8 ng g-1) were found in the drain outlets receiving wastewater mostly from agricultural and forested areas. Specially, 8:2 disubstituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (8:2 diPAP) was detected with the highest frequency, in 92.5% of the samples. Furthermore, a positive Spearman correlation was found between 6:2 disubstituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphates (6:2 diPAP) and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) (rs = 0.621, p = 0.012), indicating they might share similar sources. PFASs on MPs were found to vary significantly with different seasons. Higher concentrations of PFASs on MPs were found in dry seasons, while lower concentrations were observed in wet seasons. The results of this study should be important for the understanding of PFAS occurrence and distribution on MPs and the partitioning mechanism of PFASs on MPs in estuary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lei Mai
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xingwen Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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11
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Avellán-Llaguno RD, Liu X, Dong S, Huang Q. Occurrence and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids along the estuarine and coastal regions under varied environmental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144584. [PMID: 33477046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significant economic and ecological value, the increasing pollution threat to estuarine and coastal regions is of great concern. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging pollutants which possess adverse ecological risk. In this review, we have compiled the data on the levels of PFAAs in environmental samples, mainly in estuarine and coastal zones. A worldwide map was generated to show the distribution of PFAAs. The experimental results have also been considered, which, together with those of environmental samples, has allowed us to infer about the factors that intervene in the behavior of PFAAs. The presence of PFAAs is determined primarily by the source of pollution. Salinity is as well shown as a significant condition, dependent too on the sampling environment. The analysis of PFAAs from environmental samples constitutes a fundamental tool for the surveillance of these pollutants, but the lack of homogeneity of protocols for sampling, as well as for the results presentation, limits the comparative capacity. Laboratory studies are also an essential tool in the analysis of particular aspects related to PFAAs, but many times the conditions tested are not environmentally significant. In this way, it would not be prudent to establish "paradigms" about the behavior of the PFAAs in certain areas or organisms, instead to suggest the points that can be considered fundamental for each issue addressed. The main variables that appear to intervene in estuarine and coastal regions are mainly the proximity to the source of pollution, salinity, pH, precipitation (rain) as well as types of PFAAs. All these can synergistically lead to different impacts on the ecosystem. Therefore, the particular risks of PFAAs in estuarine and coastal regions is a set of multiple variables, dependent on each sampling condition and according to the previously named parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo David Avellán-Llaguno
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Sijun Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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12
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Farzana S, Ruan Y, Wang Q, Wu R, Kai Z, Meng Y, Leung KMY, Lam PKS. Developing interim water quality criteria for emerging chemicals of concern for protecting marine life in the Greater Bay Area of South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111792. [PMID: 33197792 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish marine water quality criteria (MWQC) for emerging chemicals of concern (ECCs) for protecting aquatic life in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of South China. Despite the frequent occurrence and elevated concentrations of these ECCs in the GBA, there is a lack of regional MWQC for these contaminants. We screened 21 common ECCs that were classified into the following six groups: (1) new persistent organic contaminants; (2) brominated flame retardants; (3) perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances; (4) pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs); (5) plasticizers; and (6) personal care products. Globally, MWQC for PhACs remain largely unavailable despite their increasing occurrence in marine environments. Using an integrative scientific approach, we derived interim MWQC for the GBA with specific protection goals. The approach described herein can be applied for the derivation of MWQC for ECCs and the establishment of guidelines for ecological risk assessment in the GBA and other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Farzana
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
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13
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Martín J, Hidalgo F, Alonso E, García-Corcoles MT, Vílchez JL, Zafra-Gómez A. Assessing bioaccumulation potential of personal care, household and industrial products in a marine echinoderm (Holothuria tubulosa). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137668. [PMID: 32325598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A bioaccumulation study of 16 emerging contaminants including preservatives, UV-filters, biocides, alkylphenols, anionic surfactants and plasticizers, in Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791 specimens was developed. Water and sediments from their coastal habitat were also analyzed. Sediment-water distribution coefficients (log Kd) were in the range 0.78 to 2.95. A rapid uptake and bioaccumulation of pollutants was found. Compounds were detected in intestine and gonads of H. tubulosa after only eight days of exposure. Field-based bioconcentration (BCF) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) were calculated. Log BCF > 1 were obtained for most of the compounds studied, indicating their tendency to accumulate in tissue of H. Tubulosa. BCF values decrease as follow: Triclocarban > anionic surfactants > benzophenone 3 > non-ionic surfactants > bisphenol A > parabens. These data provide a detailed accounting of the distribution patterns of some emerging contaminants in organisms at the lower trophic level, representing a potential source of contaminants for organisms in higher levels of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain.
| | - Felix Hidalgo
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Corcoles
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Vílchez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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14
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Zhang L, Sun W, Chen H, Tian F, Cai W. Transcriptome analysis of acute exposure of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 231:108736. [PMID: 32142923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an increasingly important environmental pollutant, which has been detected almost everywhere in the environment. Despite the widespread presence of PFOS, much less notice is taken of its toxicology effects on marine bivalves. Thus, the transcriptome response to PFOS treatment (nominal concentration of 20 mg/L) in hepatopancreas of a sentinel organism, Ruditapes philippinarum was examined. Compared with the control group, 32,149 unigenes were up-regulated and 26,958 unigenes down-regulated. Notably, significant gene expression changes were found in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and protein biosynthesis, indicating the metabolic disruptions caused by PFOS in R. philippinarum. Additionally, numerous other differentially expressed genes were involved in immune system, antioxidant defense system and detoxification metabolism. In summary, transcriptome profiling of R. philippinarum after exposure to PFOS provided molecular support for our current understanding of the detrimental toxicity of PFOS on marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbao Zhang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Haigang Chen
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Fei Tian
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Wengui Cai
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
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15
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Zhang L, Sun W, Chen H, Zhang Z, Cai W. Transcriptomic Changes in Liver of Juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis following Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:556-564. [PMID: 31726483 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an increasingly important environmental pollutant that is pervasive in the environment. A number of studies have focused on the toxicological effects of PFOS on model fish species (zebrafish and medaka), but little is known about the impact of PFOS on commercially important marine fish. Thus, the present study examined transcriptome responses to PFOS exposure in the liver of juvenile Cynoglossus semilaevis, an important farmed flatfish in China. Then, in response to PFOS challenges, 1695 and 5244 genes were identified as significantly increased and depressed, respectively. Significant expression changes were observed in immune-related genes (cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, T-helper [Th]17 cell differentiation, and the chemokine nuclear factor-kappa B and T-cell receptor signaling pathways), indicating that immunotoxicity is a key aspect of the effects of PFOS on C. semilaevis. Exposure to PFOS also altered the gene expression levels of hormones (inhibin, insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon), which could lead to severe metabolic and endocrine dysfunction. As expected from previous studies, several phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes were significantly up-regulated, which could facilitate the biotransformation and detoxification of PFOS in C. semilaevis. The present study provides new insights into the molecular toxicology of PFOS in a commercially important fish species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:556-564. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbao Zhang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haigang Chen
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengui Cai
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Lee YM, Lee JY, Kim MK, Yang H, Lee JE, Son Y, Kho Y, Choi K, Zoh KD. Concentration and distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Asan Lake area of South Korea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:120909. [PMID: 31352148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and spatial variations in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations in different environmental media in the Asan Lake area of South Korea were investigated by measuring liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The mean concentrations of Σ16 PFAS in the different media were in the ranges of 20.7-98.2 pg/m3 in air, 17.7-467 ng/L in water, 0.04-15.0 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, and not detected (n.d.)-12.9 ng/g dw in soils, and the mean concentrations of Σ19 PFAS in fish ranged from n.d. to 197 ng/g wet weight. The most frequently detected PFAS were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in air and soils, perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) in water, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in sediment and fish. Long-chain PFAS species dominated over short-chain PFAS in most media samples except for the water phase. Sediment-water partition coefficients (log Kd) and bioaccumulation factors (log BAF) of PFAS were calculated using measured concentrations in water, sediments, and fish. Log Kd of PFAS tended to increase with increasing CF2 units of PFAS, and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and PFOS showed the highest log BAF value (> 3.0) in all fish species. These results indicate that longer-chain PFAS, especially PFOS, can be effectively accumulated in biota such as fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon-Kyung Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heedeuk Yang
- Department of Food Technology & Service, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeongjo Son
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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17
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Chen L, Tsui MMP, Lam JCW, Wang Q, Hu C, Wai OWH, Zhou B, Lam PKS. Contamination by perfluoroalkyl substances and microbial community structure in Pearl River Delta sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:218-225. [PMID: 30423536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental microbiota play essential roles in the maintenance of many biogeochemical processes, including nutrient cycling and pollutant degradation. They are also highly susceptible to changes in environmental stressors, with environmental pollutants being key disruptors of microbial dynamics. In the present study, a scientific cruise was launched on July 2017 around Pearl River Delta, a suitable studying site for perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the wake of the severe PFAS pollution. Surface sediment samples were collected from 18 representative stations to assess PFAS accumulation and profile microbial community. PFAS concentrations ranged from 24.2 to 181.4 pg/g dry weight in sediment, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the dominant homologue. The concentrations of PFAS homologues in the current study were much lower than those reported in previous studies, implying effective management and control of pollution from PFAS-related industries. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum, while nitrogen-metabolizing Nitrosopumilus and sulfate-reducing Desulfococcus genera were the most abundant. Variations in microbial communities among sampling stations were mainly due to the differences in abundances of Escherichia, Nitrosopumilus, and Desulfococcus. The outbreak of Escherichia bacteria at specific coastal stations potentially indicated the discharge of fecal matter into the marine environment. Dissolved oxygen (DO) in bottom seawater significantly influenced the structure of microbial communities in the sediment, while current study failed to observe significant effects from PFAS pollutants. Positive correlations were found between DO and sulfate-reducing bacteria in Desulfococcus and GOUTA19 genera. Overall, this study explored relationships between environmental variables (e.g., PFAS pollutants) and sediment bacteria. Biogeochemical parameters significantly influenced the structure and composition of microbial communities in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Mirabelle M P Tsui
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Onyx W H Wai
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Guo M, Zheng G, Peng J, Meng D, Wu H, Tan Z, Li F, Zhai Y. Distribution of perfluorinated alkyl substances in marine shellfish along the Chinese Bohai Sea coast. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:271-280. [PMID: 30628846 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1559570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants, which pose a threat to human health primarily by dietary exposure, especially through seafood. Bohai Sea (a semi-closed sea located north of China) is an important shellfish aquaculture area that is possibly highly-polluted with PFASs. In this study, we first evaluated contamination by PFASs in a total of 230 samples of marine shellfish from the Bohai Sea. Samples included five important shellfish species, collected from important aquaculture spots distributed around the Bohai Sea. Samples were analyzed by an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, which could simultaneously detect 23 PFASs in shellfish. Our research verified that PFASs have become a threat to the safety of shellfish products in this area. Furthermore, contamination by PFASs in shellfish changed depending on the components of PFASs, the species of shellfish, and the sampling sites. Many of the 23 target compounds contributed to the high detection ratio (>50%) as follows: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) > perfluorononanoic acid > perfluorodecanesulfonic acid > perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Compared with other dominant components, PFOA not only had the highest detection percentage in shellfish samples (98.3%), but its detection level contributed to 87.2% of total PFASs concentrations, indicating that PFOA is the major threat to the safety of shellfish products. The highest level of PFAS was found in clams (62.5 ng g-1 wet weight of PFOA). The concentration of total PFAS in different shellfish species showed the following trend: clams > mussels > scallops > whelks > oysters. The maximum concentration of total PFAS or PFOA was found in Shouguang. The total concentration of PFOS and its precursor were highest in Cangzhou, possibly due to local industrial activities. The results presented in this paper provide new data on the contamination of marine shellfish along the Bohai Sea coasts in China, and constitute a reference for future monitoring of contamination by emerging contaminants in Bohai coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Guo
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Guanchao Zheng
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Jixing Peng
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Di Meng
- b Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Fengling Li
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Yuxiu Zhai
- a Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao , China
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19
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Martín J, Hidalgo F, García-Corcoles MT, Ibáñez-Yuste AJ, Alonso E, Vilchez JL, Zafra-Gómez A. Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in marine echinoderms: Results of laboratory-scale experiments with Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:261-271. [PMID: 30317097 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of six perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was assessed using the marine echinoderm Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791. Batch experiments were conducted to establish the relationship between concentrations in water, sediment and biota over 197 days. The sample treatment for the determination of compounds involves steps of lyophilization, solvent extraction and clean-up of the extracts with dispersive sorbents. PFAS were then analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During contaminant exposure, detectable levels of compounds were found in all samples collected. Mean concentrations of selected PFAS were higher in sediments than in water samples. This fact is explained by the strong adsorption of these compounds into sediments. Sediment-water distribution coefficients (log Kd) were in the range 0.11 (PFBuA) to 2.46 (PFOA). Beside this, PFAS accumulation was observed in Holothuria tubulosa organisms. The uptake of PFAS was very rapid, reaching the maximum between 22 and 38 days of assay. Bioaccumulation factors (mean log BAF: 1.16-4.39) and biota sediment accumulation factors (mean log BSAF: 1.37-2.89) indicated a high bioaccumulation potential for the target compounds. Both parameters increased with perfluoroalkyl chain length (R2 > 0.93; p < 0.05). In organ-specific distributions of PFAS, greater concentrations were found in intestine than in gonads. Also, male specimens showed higher concentration levels than female (student t-test: tcal = 2.788, ttab = 2.262; p < 0.05). These data provide a detailed accounting of PFAS fate and distribution in the marine environment highlighting accumulation at lower trophic levels, a potential source for contamination in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Félix Hidalgo
- Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Corcoles
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro José Ibáñez-Yuste
- Agriculture and Fisheries Management Agency of Andalusia (AGAPA), Administrative Central Services, Av. of Greece s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Vilchez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Campus of Fuentenueva, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
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Wang Y, Zhong Y, Li J, Zhang J, Lyu B, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in matched human serum, urine, hair and nail. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:191-197. [PMID: 29778152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human serum, urine, hair and nail from general populations, and to investigate the possibility for human urine, hair and nail used as the biomonitoring sample for PFASs exposure. We detected the concentrations of PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoA, PFHxS and PFOS in 39 matched human serum, urine, hair and nail samples from Shenzhen in China. The detection frequency and the median level of PFOS were all higher than that of the other PFASs in four matrices. The median concentration of PFOS in serum, urine, hair, and nail were 9.24ng/mL, 13.96ng/L, 0.58ng/g and 0.63ng/g, respectively. The results of spearman correlation test indicated that nail was an ideal matrix for biomonitoring PFOS rather than human urine and hair in general populations for the non-invasive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhong
- Department of Pancreatogastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
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Wong YM, Li R, Lee CKF, Wan HT, Wong CKC. The measurement of bisphenol A and its analogues, perfluorinated compounds in twenty species of freshwater and marine fishes, a time-trend comparison and human health based assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:743-752. [PMID: 28552249 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study in 2011 reported the detection of BPA and PFAAs in 20 species of marine and freshwater fishes. With an emerging evidence to suggest the metabolic-disrupting effects of BPA/PFAAs in animals, the present study was aimed to provide a time-trend analysis to determine the current concentrations of PFAAs and BPA in 20 commercially available Hong Kong species of fishes. Since the manufacture and use of BPA is being prohibited in most nations, the introduction of BPA alternatives has recently been incorporated in the markets. Therefore, the concentrations of BPB, BPF and BPS were determined. In the present study, all freshwater and seawater fish samples showed quantified concentrations [>Limit of Quantification (LOQ<0.5ng/g)] of BPA. BPF was detected in some marine (yellow seafin, bigeye, goldspotted rabbitfish, snubnose pompano, tongue sole, Bleeker's grouper and orange-spotted grouper) and freshwater fishes (mud carp, crucian carp, tilapia, catfish, mandarin fish, grass carp, grey mullet and spotted snakehead). Two of the compounds, BPS and BPB could only be identified in the marine fishes (snubnose pompano, yellow seafin). In PFAA analysis, PFOA, PFDA, PFOS, PFUdA and PFDoA were found in most of the marine and freshwater fishes. PFOS and PFOA were shown to be the two predominant PFAAs in fishes. On the basis of the measured concentrations of bisphenols, BPs (BPA, BPB, BPF, BPS) and PFAAs, the average daily intake for BPs (20.5-31.5ng/kgb.w./day) and PFAAs (1.17-1.83ng/kgb.w./day) were calculated and found to be lower than values of tolerable daily intake (TDI) established in Europe. However, as compared with our previous study in 2011, the present study revealed an approximate 10-fold increase in the concentrations of BPA in the fish samples. Although the hazard ratio of consuming fishes for BPA and PFAA exposure is expected to remain low, possible additive metabolic-disrupting effect of BPA and its analogues as well PFAAs should be taken into consideration for human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - R Li
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - C K F Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H T Wan
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Partner State Key Laboratory in Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
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Liu B, Zhang H, Li J, Dong W, Xie L. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in sediments from rivers of the Pearl River Delta, southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:213. [PMID: 28401367 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Having been largely used in industrial and household products, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) appear in environmental and biological systems with prevalence and persistence and have raised great concern in recent years. The present study is aimed at studying concentrations and composition profiles of 16 PFAAs in surface sediments collected from 51 sampling locations in 4 main rivers of the Pearl River Delta, one of the economy-developed areas in China. The total PFAA concentrations (∑ PFAAs) were determined in a wide range of 1.89-15.1 ng g-1 dw (dry weight) with an average concentration to be 3.54 ng g-1 dw. Higher ∑ PFAAs were observed in the downstream of Dongjiang River and the Pearl River, possibly due to the discharge of industrial wastewater. Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the dominant PFAAs, accounting for 51 to 85% of ∑ PFAAs in 27% of the samples. High PFPeA concentrations in sediments of urban river were scarcely observed in previous studies worldwide. The sources of short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were significantly different from those of other PFAAs. Preliminary hazard assessment proved negligible for PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFPeA, and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) concentrations in sediments from rivers of the Pearl River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Juying Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Weihua Dong
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Liuwei Xie
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Ahmed MK, Raknuzzaman M, Islam MS, Negishi J, Nakamichi S, Sekine M, Tokumura M, Masunaga S. Occurrence and distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in surface water and sediment of a tropical coastal area (Bay of Bengal coast, Bangladesh). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1089-1104. [PMID: 27450955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the first evidence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in surface waters and sediments collected from the coastal area of Bangladesh. Fifteen target PFAAs, including C4-14-PFCAs (perfluoroalkyl carboxylates) and C4, C6, C8, and C10-PFSAs (perfluoroalkyl sulfonates), were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. The ΣPFAAs in surface water and sediment samples were in the range of 10.6 to 46.8ng/L and 1.07 to 8.15ng/gdw, respectively. PFOA in water (3.17-27.8ng/L) and PFOS in sediment samples (0.60-1.14ng/gdw) were found to be the most abundant PFAAs, and these concentrations were comparable to or less than most other reported values, particularly those recorded from the coastal areas of China, Japan, Korea and Spain. The majority of the monitored PFAAs did not show clear seasonal variation. The southeastern part (Cox's Bazar and Chittagong) of the Bangladeshi coastal area was more contaminated with PFAAs than the southern (Meghna Estuary) and southwestern parts (Sundarbans). Industrial and municipal wastewater effluents, ship breaking and port activities were identified as potential sources of the PFAA contamination in this region. Field-based sediment water distribution coefficients (KD) were calculated and corrected for organic carbon content (KOC), which reduced the variability between samples. The values of log KD (1.63-2.88) and log KOC (4.02-5.16) were higher than previously reported values, which may indicate that the partitioning of PFAAs in a tropical coastal ecosystem is different from other ecosystems, such as temperate and sub-tropical regions. Although a preliminary environmental hazard assessment indicated that PFOA or PFOS levels do not currently exceed the acute safety thresholds, we should keep in mind that they are bioavailable and can accumulate in the food chain. Therefore, the ubiquity of PFAAs in the coastal area of Bangladesh warrants further studies characterizing their specific sources and the potential long-term risks they present to both humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibullah-Al-Mamun
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Kawser Ahmed
- Department of Oceanography, Earth & Environmental Science Faculty, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Raknuzzaman
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Junya Negishi
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shihori Nakamichi
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Sekine
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tokumura
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeki Masunaga
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-9 Tokiwadai Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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24
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Lai S, Song J, Song T, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liu G, Zheng J, Mi W, Tang J, Zou S, Ebinghaus R, Xie Z. Neutral polyfluoroalkyl substances in the atmosphere over the northern South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:449-455. [PMID: 27112727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutral Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the atmosphere were measured during a cruise campaign over the northern South China Sea (SCS) from September to October 2013. Four groups of PFASs, i.e., fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acrylates (FTAs), fluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) and fluorooctane sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs), were detected in gas samples. FTOHs was the predominant PFAS group, accounting for 95.2-99.3% of total PFASs (ΣPFASs), while the other PFASs accounted for a small fraction of ΣPFASs. The concentrations of ΣPFASs ranged from 18.0 to 109.9 pg m(-3) with an average of 54.5 pg m(-3). The concentrations are comparable to those reported in other marine atmosphere. Higher concentrations of ΣPFASs were observed in the continental-influenced samples than those in other samples, pointing to the substantial contribution of anthropogenic sources. Long-range transport is suggested to be a major pathway for introducing gaseous PFASs into the atmosphere over the northern SCS. In order to further understand the fate of gaseous PFASs during transport, the atmospheric decay of neutral PFASs under the influence of reaction with OH radicals and atmospheric physical processes were estimated. Concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, 6:2 FTOH and MeFBSE from selected source region to the atmosphere over the SCS after long-range transport were predicted and compared with the observed concentrations. It suggests that the reaction with OH radicals may play an important role in the atmospheric decay of PFAS during long-range transport, especially for shorted-lived species. Moreover, the influence of atmospheric physical processes on the decay of PFAS should be further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senchao Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Junwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianli Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijiong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guicheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Mi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany; MINJIE Analytical Laboratory, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ralf Ebinghaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany.
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Gao Y, Fu J, Meng M, Wang Y, Chen B, Jiang G. Spatial distribution and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 96:226-234. [PMID: 26028170 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 54 sediment samples were collected from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in Southern China to study the spatial distribution and patterns of PFASs in this region. PFAS concentrations in the sediment samples ranged from nd (below detection limit) to 2.41 ng g(-1) dw (dry weight) with an average value of 0.79 ng g(-1) dw. PFAS concentrations were higher at the nearshore sampling sites than in the others. Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) were the two dominant compounds among the target PFASs, which may be due to their production and use as PFOS substitutes in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) areas. Significant linear relationships were found between total PFAS concentrations and total organic carbon (TOC) (R=0.30, p<0.05). The preliminary environmental risk assessment indicated that PFOS and PFOA in the regional sediments posed no significant ecological risk to the benthic organisms at present levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Baowei Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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