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Ren H, Gong X, Zhou L, Wang P, Cao Y. Recent progresses in analytical method development for 210Pb in environmental and biological samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31664-31678. [PMID: 38649600 PMCID: PMC11133052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
As a decay product of uranium series, 210Pb spreads widely in the nature and imposes strong radiological and chemical toxicity. It is vital to establish reliable and efficient radioanalytical methods for 210Pb determination to support environment and food radioactivity monitoring programs. This article critically reviews analytical methods developed for determining 210Pb in environmental and biological samples, especially new development in recent years. Techniques applied throughout different analytical steps including sample pretreatment, separation, purification, and detection are summarized and their pros and cons are discussed to provide a holistic overview for 210Pb environmental and biological assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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Zhang D, Niemczyk A, Moniakowska A, Block K, Olszewski G, Strumińska-Parulska D. On 210Po and 210Pb in algae diet supplements - The assessed radiation hazard of aquatic superfoods. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114591. [PMID: 36682306 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Algae are believed to give health benefits. However, the studies showed they contain toxic elements, including radionuclides, and may affect human health. The study presents the values of activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the algae supplements available worldwide for adults. The activity concentrations (Bq/kg dw) ranged from 0.07 to 14.5 (210Po) and from 0.06 to 8.48 (210Pb). Also, the effective radiation doses and the cancer risk from 210Po and 210Pb decay ingested with analyzed algal supplements have been assessed. The highest values of annual effective doses have been estimated for 210Po in the recommended portion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) from China (59.7 μSv/year) and Diatomaceous earth from the USA (50.4 μSv/year). The cancer morbidity and mortality risk ranged from 10-4 to 10-8. The study indicated the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were low, and algae supplements for human consumption could be considered safe food.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhang
- Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - A Niemczyk
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Moniakowska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Block
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - G Olszewski
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - D Strumińska-Parulska
- Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Behbehani M, Uddin S, Dupont S, Fowler SW, Gorgun AU, Al-Enezi Y, Al-Musallam L, Kumar VV, Faizuddin M. Ocean Acidification-Mediated Food Chain Transfer of Polonium between Primary Producers and Consumers. TOXICS 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 36668740 PMCID: PMC9862112 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and zooplankton are key marine components that play an important role in metal distribution through a food web transfer. An increased phytoplankton concentration as a result of ocean acidification and warming are well-established, along with the fact that phytoplankton biomagnify 210Po by 3−4 orders of magnitude compared to the seawater concentration. This experimental study is carried out to better understand the transfer of polonium between primary producers and consumers. The experimental produced data highlight the complex interaction between the polonium concentration in zooplankton food, i.e. phytoplankton, its excretion via defecated fecal pellets, and its bioaccumulation at ambient seawater pH and a lower pH of 7.7, typical of ocean acidification scenarios in the open ocean. The mass of copepods recovered was 11% less: 7.7 pH compared to 8.2. The effects of copepod species (n = 3), microalgae species (n = 3), pH (n = 2), and time (n = 4) on the polonium activity in the fecal pellets (expressed as % of the total activity introduced through feeding) was tested using an ANOVA 4. With the exception of time (model: F20, 215 = 176.84, p < 0.001; time: F3 = 1.76, p = 0.16), all tested parameters had an impact on the polonium activity (copepod species: F2 = 169.15, p < 0.0001; algae species: F2 = 10.21, p < 0.0001; pH: F1 = 9.85, p = 0.002) with complex interactions (copepod x algae: F2 = 19.48, p < 0.0001; copepod x pH: F2 = 10.54, p < 0.0001; algae x pH: F2 = 4.87, p = 0.009). The experimental data underpin the hypothesis that metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation will be enhanced in secondary consumers such as crustacean zooplankton due to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaha Behbehani
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg 566, 451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
- Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Scott W. Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Aysun U. Gorgun
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova/İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yousef Al-Enezi
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Lamya Al-Musallam
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Vanitha V. Kumar
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Faizuddin
- Gulf Geoinformation Solutions, Hamariya Free Zone, P.O. Box 32223 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Lin J, Ni J, Ji J, Huang D, Zhong Q, Yu T. 210Po and 210Pb in tissues of fish from the southern coast of China and the contribution of 210Po to the radiation dose. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Assessment of Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. as Poultry Feed Supplements: Feasibility and Environmental Implications. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication, coupled with ocean acidification and warming, results in an increased concentration of marine algae, severely impacting some regions. Several algae are a rich source of protein and minerals. Marine algae are rich in bioactive molecules with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and antimicrobial properties. These properties make them attractive for usage in the pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluated Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. for use as poultry feed. Chemical analyses show that crude protein (CP) in analyzed algae was 9.07–63.63%, with a fiber content of 0.15–17.20%, and a crude fat range of 0.152–2.11%, suggesting that algae can partially substitute imported protein sources used for poultry feed. A rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) was used to assess the environmental footprint of algae usage in poultry feed. The environmental assessment results show promising opportunities to help harvest the algae from the marine area. However, the feasibility of establishing outdoor algal ponds is not environmentally viable in the Middle East.
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Bam W, Swarzenski PW, Maiti K, Vassileva E, Orani AM, Blinova O, McGinnity P, Adhikari PL, Haughton M, Webber M. Scavenging of select radionuclides and trace elements by pelagic Sargassum in the Caribbean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 179:113658. [PMID: 35453061 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea have experienced unusual and unprecedented pelagic Sargassum blooms, which may adversely affect coastal ecosystems and productive ocean. Sargassum has the potential to scavenge trace elements and radionuclides from seawater, and when bioaccumulated and thus concentrated, can pose a potential threat to higher trophic organisms, including humans that consume impacted seafood. In this study, trace elements and naturally-occurring U/Th-series radionuclides were measured in Sargassum that were collected in the coastal waters of the Caribbean Sea (Antigua/Barbuda, Belize, and Barbados) to better define baseline concentrations and activities, and to assess the scavenging potential for these trace elements and radionuclides. The mean concentration of trace elements observed in Sargassum collected across these three Caribbean Sea are ranked accordingly to the following descending order: Sr > As>Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > V > C > Cd > Se > Co > Cr > Pb > Ag > Hg. 210-Po and 210Pb activities in Sargassum were observed to be more elevated than previously reported values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wokil Bam
- International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; Department Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | - Peter W Swarzenski
- International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco.
| | - Kanchan Maiti
- Department Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Emiliya Vassileva
- International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Anna Maria Orani
- International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Oxana Blinova
- International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Paul McGinnity
- International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Puspa L Adhikari
- Department of Marine and Earth Sciences, The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | | | - Mona Webber
- Center for Marine Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Gevao B, Uddin S, Krishnan D, Rajagopalan S, Habibi N. Antibiotics in Wastewater: Baseline of the Influent and Effluent Streams in Kuwait. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040174. [PMID: 35448435 PMCID: PMC9025492 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides baseline information on the concentrations of antibiotics in influent and effluent from two wastewater treatment plants in regular operation in the State of Kuwait. Wastewater samples were collected from the influent and effluent streams of two WWTPs, over four sampling campaigns and analyzed for a broad range of antibiotics. The mean influent concentrations of sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and cefalexin were 852 ng/L, 672 ng/L, 592 ng/L), and 491 ng/L, respectively, at Umm Al Hayman WWTP. At the Kabd WWTP, the influent concentration of clarithromycin was highest with a mean of 949 ng/L, followed by ciprofloxacin (mean, 865 ng/L), cefalexin (mean, 598 ng/L), and sulfamethoxazole (mean, 520 ng/L). The dominant compounds in the effluent from Umm Al Hayman were sulfamethoxazole (mean, 212 ng/L), ciprofloxacin (mean, 153 ng/L), ofloxacin (mean, 120 ng/L), dimetridazole (mean, 96 ng/L), and metronidazole (mean, 93 ng/L). Whereas, at the Kabd WWTP, the dominant compounds were sulfamethoxazole (mean, 338 ng/L), dimetridazole (mean, 274 ng/L), cefalexin (mean, 213 ng/L), ciprofloxacin (mean, 192 ng/L), and clarithromycin (189 ng/L). The mean influent concentrations of all compounds were higher than those measured in the effluents. The concentrations of antibiotic compounds were not significantly different between the two WWTPs (p > 0.05). The removal efficiencies of the various antibiotics over the four sampling campaigns for the Kabd and Umm Hayman WWTPs ranged between 10.87 and 99.75% and also showed that they were variable and were compound dependent. The data clearly show that the concentrations of antibiotics measured in the influents of both WWTPs were highest in samples collected during the winter-summer (September samples) transition followed by the concentrations measured during the winter-summer (March samples) transition period. This is possibly linked to the increased prescription of these medications to treat infectious diseases and flu prevalent in Kuwait during these periods. This study provides the first reported concentrations of antibiotics in the dissolved aqueous influents and effluents of WWTPs in Kuwait. Additional studies are required to evaluate the environmental impact that antibiotic residues may cause since treated wastewater is used in irrigation, and often there are instances when untreated wastewater is discharged directly into the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bondi Gevao
- Environmental Protection Authority, Freetown 47235, Sierra Leone;
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (D.K.); (S.R.); (N.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Divya Krishnan
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (D.K.); (S.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Smitha Rajagopalan
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (D.K.); (S.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Nazima Habibi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (D.K.); (S.R.); (N.H.)
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Hansen V, Mosbech A, Rigét FF, Søgaard-Hansen J, Bjerregaard P, Dietz R, Sonne C, Asmund G, Bøknæs N, Olsen M, Gustavson K, Boertmann D, Fabricius SD, Clausen DS, Hansen AS. Background 210Po activity concentrations in Greenland marine biota and dose assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150508. [PMID: 34844309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polonium-210 (210Po) is a radionuclide sentinel as it bioaccumulates in marine organisms, thereby being the main contributor to committed dietary doses in seafood consumers. Although seafood and marine mammals are an important part of the traditional Inuit diet, there is a general lack of information on the 210Po concentrations in the Greenlandic marine food chain leading to the human consumer. Here, we determine background 210Po concentrations in edible parts of different marine organisms from Greenland and provide a dose assessment. Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), organs of ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and polar bear (Ursus maritimus) displayed significantly elevated 210Po concentrations in respect to all other studied organisms (p < 0.001). 210Po concentrations ranged from 0.02 Bq kg-1, w.w. in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) muscle to 78 Bq kg-1, w.w. and 202 Bq kg-1, w.w. in ringed seal muscle and kidneys, respectively. 210Po concentration ratio for edible parts increases in the order bladderwrack (Fucus Vesiculosus), northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), blue mussels, and from fish species to ringed seal and polar bear. 210Po distribution in fish, ringed seal, and polar bear follows a general pattern, the lowest concentrations were in muscle, and the highest concentrations were in the organs involved in metabolism. The derived 210Po annual absorbed dose in edible parts of studied marine organisms are several orders of magnitude lower than the recommended dose rate screening value of 10 μGy h-1. Effective doses from intake of 210Po to Greenland average children (1.4 mSv y-1), and high seafood and marine mammal consumers (2 mSv y-1 for adults and 3.6 mSv y-1 for children) are higher than the world average annual effective dose due to ingestion of naturally occurring radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Hansen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Frank Farsø Rigét
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute for Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, GL-3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 København K, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gert Asmund
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels Bøknæs
- Royal Greenland A/S, Hellebarden 7, DK-9230 Svenstrup J, Denmark
| | - Maia Olsen
- Greenland Institute for Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, GL-3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - David Boertmann
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sandra Drewes Fabricius
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniel Spelling Clausen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Seaweeds as a “Palatable” Challenge between Innovation and Sustainability: A Systematic Review of Food Safety. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13147652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Moderate or severe food insecurity affect 2 billion people worldwide. The four pillars of food security (availability, access, use and stability) are in danger due to the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors which impact on the food system. Novel foods, like seaweeds, have the potential to increase food yields so that to contribute in preventing or avoiding future global food shortages. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess microbiological, chemical, physical, and allergenic risks associated with seaweed consumption. Four research strings have been used to search for these risks. Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were applied. Finally, 39 articles met the selected criteria. No significant hazards for microbiological, allergenic, and physical risks were detected. Regarding chemical risk, algae can accumulate various heavy metals, especially when harvested in polluted sites. Cultivating seaweeds in a controlled environment allows to avoid this risk. Periodic checks will be necessary on the finished products to monitor heavy metals levels. Since the consumption of algae seems to be on the rise everywhere, it seems to be urgent that food control authorities establish the safety levels to which eating algae does not represent any risk for human health.
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Annabi-Trabelsi N, Guermazi W, Karam Q, Ali M, Uddin S, Leignel V, Ayadi H. Concentrations of trace metals in phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112392. [PMID: 33894587 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of four trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were investigated for the first time in phytoplankton, zooplankton, and the seawater samples collected from the coast of Gabès, Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea. For over 40 years, this coast has witnessed significant anthropogenic impacts form fertilizer processing. Results obtained for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in seawater far exceed the concentration reported for other Mediterranean coastal waters, highlighting the Gulf of Gabès as a pollution hotspot. The average metals concentration was in the order Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd in water, and phytoplankton, whereas Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd in zooplankton. The biomagnification in phytoplankton and zooplankton for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd was 116, 56, 38, 31, and 127, 157, 30 and 27. The biomagnification of Zn and Pb was higher in zooplankton than phytoplankton, while Cu and Cd were higher in phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Annabi-Trabelsi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Guermazi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Qusaie Karam
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Vincent Leignel
- Laboratoire Mer Molécules Santé EA2160 FR-CNRS 3473 IUML, Le Mans Université, France, Avenue O Messiaen, 72000, France
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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11
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Uddin S, Fowler SW, Behbehani M, Al-Ghadban AN, Swarzenski PW, Al-Awadhi N. A review of radioactivity in the Gulf region. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111481. [PMID: 32768672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The region around the Gulf is moving toward a nuclear energy option with the first nuclear power plant now operational in Bushehr, Iran. Others are soon to be commissioned in Abu Dhabi and in Saudi Arabia. For this reason, radiological safety is becoming a prime concern in the region. This review compiles published data on radionuclide concentrations in seawater, sediment, and biota that have been analyzed in the Gulf countries, along with spatial distribution patterns to enable a synoptic view of the available datasets. The seawater concentrations of 3H, 210Po, 210Pb, 137Cs, and 90Sr varied between 130 and 146, 0.48-0.68, 0.75-0.89, 1.25-1.38, 0.57-0.78 mBq L-1, respectively. The 226Ra concentration in seawater varied between 0.26 and 3.82 Bq L-1. Extremely high 40K concentrations between 132 and 149 Bq L-1 have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to 8.9-9.3 Bq L-1 from the western side of the Gulf. Concentrations of 40K, total 210Pb, 137Cs, 90Sr, 226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 235U, 234U, 239+240Pu, and 238Pu were determined in sediment and ranged between 353 and 445, 23.6-44.3, 1.0-3.1, 4.8-5.29, 17.3-20.5, 15-16.4, 28.7-31.4, 1.26-1.30, 29.7-30.0, 0.045-0.21 and 0.028-0.03 Bq kg-1 dry weight, respectively. Significantly higher 137Cs values have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to the western coast of the Gulf. Whole fish concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 137Cs, 210Po and 90Sr ranged between 230 and 447, 0.7-7.3, <0.5-6.6, <0.5-15.80, <0.17, 0.88-4.26 and 1.86-5.34 Bq kg-1 dry weight, respectively. 210Po was found to be highly concentrated in several marine organisms with the highest 210Po concentration found in the clam Marcia marmorata (193.5-215.6 Bq kg-1 dry weight). The review highlights the overall paucity of data and inconsistencies in the measurement of radionuclides throughout the Gulf region. Further, since the region is moving toward nuclear energy to meet its increasing energy demand, and coupled with the environmental effects from offshore oil exploration and the heavy impact of climate change, there is a pressing need to undertake a comprehensive marine radioactivity monitoring and assessment effort by conducting a joint cruise in the Gulf with participation of all the adjoining countries. Several recommendations on sampling marine matrixes in the Gulf are given with the aim of improving comparability of radionuclide data from the various studies undertaken in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - S W Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - M Behbehani
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | | | - P W Swarzenski
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 98000, Monaco
| | - N Al-Awadhi
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
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Uddin S, Behbehani M, Fowler SW, Al-Ghadban A, Dupont S. Assessment of loss of 210Po from fish and shrimp by cooking and its effect on dose estimates to humans ingesting seafood. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 205-206:1-6. [PMID: 31078971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to assess loss of 210Po due to cooking fresh seafood, and provide a more realistic and reliable dose estimate that humans may receive from consuming cooked seafood. Fresh fish and shrimp samples from Northern Gulf waters were grilled and boiled to simulate the effect of different cooking methods. Sixteen different species of fish were compared and significant differences in 210Po concentration in uncooked samples were observed between species (ANOVA I, F15,79 = 362.81, p < 0.0001). The effect of the treatment (uncooked, grilled, boiled and stock) was compared for each species and it was found that cooking led to a significant decrease in 210Po concentration ranging from 14 to 58% compared to the uncooked samples, with no difference between grilled or boiled treatments. The effect of the cooking and shrimp treatment on 210Po concentration was tested using ANOVA II after logarithmic transformation. Cooking led to a significant 38% reduction of 210Po concentration as compared to uncooked treatments with no difference between grilled and boiled samples (ANOVA I: F3,99 = 14.72, p < 0.0001). The two treatments with deveined shrimp led to a 75% decrease in 210Po concentration as compared to all other treatments. As a consequence, cooked deveined shrimp contained an 84% lower 210Po concentration than whole uncooked shrimp. As 210Po is known to be the major contributor to radiation dose in humans consuming seafood, based on the results obtained, it is evident there is a need to re-examine how committed effective doses (CEDs) are best calculated for seafood consuming populations considering that most populations consume fish and shellfish cooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - M Behbehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Scott W Fowler
- Institute Bobby, 8 Allee des Orangers, 06320, Cap d'Ail, France
| | - Abdulnabi Al-Ghadban
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Sam Dupont
- The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Uddin S, Bebhehani M, Sajid S, Karam Q. Concentration of 210Po and 210Pb in macroalgae from the northern Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:474-479. [PMID: 31590813 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This baseline study highlights the 210Po and 210Pb concentration in seven macroalgae species from the northern Gulf that are frequently washed ashore during the bloom season from February to April. The highest concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were 2.947 ± 0.032 and 1.057 ± 0.145 Bq kg-1 wwt, respectively, in brown algae Sargassum boveanum, and the lowest in green algae Ulva prolifera with 1.533 ± 0.058 and 0.170 ± 0.069 Bq kg-1 wwt, respectively. A 210Po enrichment was observed in both brown and green algae species, with the 210Po/210Pb ratio being >1 for all the samples. The mean concentration of 210Po in all species was an order of magnitude higher than 210Pb, and the difference in mean concentration is statistically significant (p < 0.001). At the same time, the mean concentration of dissolved 210Po and 210Pb in seawater was 0.28 ± 0.01 and 0.52 ± 0.01Bq m-3 with a 210Po/210Pb ratio of 0.54 ± 0.02 indicating that 210Po was absorbed from water and more concentrated by macroalgae. The measured concentration factor (CF) for 210Po in these macroalgae for the northern Gulf varied between 5 × 103-1 × 104, higher than the IAEA recommended value of 1 × 103 which suggests that a revision of that value may be needed. The field derived CFs for 210Pb vary between 3 × 102-1.8 × 103, comparable to the ICRP recommended value of 2 × 103.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box. 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
| | - M Bebhehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box. 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - S Sajid
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box. 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Q Karam
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box. 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
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14
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Tejera A, Pérez-Sánchez L, Guerra G, Arriola-Velásquez AC, Alonso H, Arnedo MA, Rubiano G, Martel P. Natural radioactivity in algae arrivals on the Canary coast and dosimetry assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:122-131. [PMID: 30577011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of wild and culture harvest seaweed in food industry is a booming productive sector. In this context, a radiological characterization of five globally common seaweed species that were collected in arrival on Gran Canaria coast was carried out. The studied algae species were Cymopolia barbata, Lobophora variegata, Sargassum vulgare, Dictyota dichotoma and Haliptilon virgatum. Radionuclides analysed by alpha and gamma spectrometry were 238U, 234U, 235U, 210Po, 234Th, 226Ra, 210Pb, 228Th, 224Ra, 40K and 7Be. Activity concentrations, ratios, and concentration factors (CF) were determined for all samples collected. The CF in algae was higher for reactive-particle radionuclides (210Po, 234Th, 228Th and 210Pb) than for conservative ones (40K and the uranium isotopes). 210Po, 228Th and 234Th CF were one or two orders of magnitude higher than those recommended by the IAEA. L. variegata, C. barbata and S. vulgare showed a clear preference for 210Pb and 210Po, for uranium radioisotopes, and for 40K and 234Th, respectively. A dosimetry assessment due to seaweed ingestion showed considerable values of annual committed effective dose for H. virgatum (605 ± 19 μSv/y), L. variegata (574 ± 17 μSv/y) and D. dichotoma (540 ± 30 μSv/y). Hence, this study suggests that an algae radiological characterization is recommended as part of the product valorising process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tejera
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - L Pérez-Sánchez
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - G Guerra
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A C Arriola-Velásquez
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - H Alonso
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M A Arnedo
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - G Rubiano
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - P Martel
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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15
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Uddin S, Behbehani M, Al-Ghadban A, Sajid S, Al-Zekri W, Ali M, Al-Jutaili S, Al-Musallam L, Vinod V, Al-Murad M, Alam F. 210Po concentration in selected calanoid copepods in the northern Arabian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:861-864. [PMID: 30041387 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copepods are the most abundant metazoans, forming a vital food chain link between the primary producers the phytoplankton and fish. This study presents baseline information on the concentration of 210Po among calanoid copepods isolated from the Kuwait marine area. The concentration of 210Po in six species of copepod, including Subeucalanus flemingeri, Parvocalanus crassirostis, Acartia pacifica, Calanopia elliptica, Acrocalanus gibber, and Euterpina acutifrons were 151.3-158.8 Bq kg-1 wwt, 121.1-129.5 Bq kg-1 wwt, 51.23-54.91 Bq kg-1 wwt, 38.88-40.09 Bq kg-1 wwt, 38.07-38.29 Bq kg-1 wwt, and 33.46-36.50 Bq kg-1 wwt, respectively. The 210Po concentration in seawater shows a seasonal variation, with a higher concentration range of 0.58-0.70 mBq L-1 during summer and autumn, while a lower concentration is found (0.30-0.38 mBq L-1) during winter and spring. The concentration factor among the copepods varies between 8 ∗ 104 and 5 ∗ 105 that is an order of magnitude higher than the diatoms and dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - Montaha Behbehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Abdulnabi Al-Ghadban
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Sufiya Sajid
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - W Al-Zekri
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Sarah Al-Jutaili
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Lamya Al-Musallam
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Vanitha Vinod
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Al-Murad
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - Faiz Alam
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
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16
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Uddin S, Behbehani M, Al-Ghadban AN, Sajid S, Vinod Kumar V, Al-Musallam L, Al-Zekri W, Ali M, Al-Julathi S, Al-Murad M, Alam F. 210Po concentration in selected diatoms and dinoflagellates in the northern Arabian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:343-346. [PMID: 29680557 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton is a primary producer in the ocean that forms the base of the marine food web and supports the pelagic food chain. The two dominant groups of phytoplankton observed in northern Gulf waters are diatoms and dinoflagellates. The diatoms outnumber dinoflagellates in the Gulf waters. This study presents baseline information on the concentration of 210Po among selected phytoplankton in the northern Gulf. The concentration among diatoms varies between 6.99 and 11.4 Bq kg-1 wwt, whereas a higher concentration range of 8.51-15.41 Bq kg-1 wwt was observed among dinoflagellates. The diatoms analyzed includes Thalassiosira spp. - 10.2-11.4 Bq kg-1 wwt; Chaetoceros spp. - 6.99-7.14 Bq kg-1 wwt; Rhizosolenia spp. - 9.12-9.95 Bq kg-1 wwt. The analyzed dinoflagellate genera include Gymnodinium spp. - 8.51-8.78 Bq kg-1 wwt; Noctiluca spp. - 15.2-15.4 Bq kg-1 wwt; and Karenia spp. - 14.1-14.9 Bq kg-1 wwt. The 210Po concentration in seawater shows a seasonal variation, with a higher concentration range of 0.70 and 0.58 mBq L-1 during summer and autumn, whereas a lower range in concentration of 0.38 and 0.30 mBq L-1 occurring during winter and spring. The resultant computed concentration factors vary between 2 ∗ 104-5 ∗ 104 demonstrating a significant 210Po enrichment in the base of the pelagic food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - M Behbehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - A N Al-Ghadban
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - S Sajid
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - V Vinod Kumar
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - L Al-Musallam
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - W Al-Zekri
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - M Ali
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - S Al-Julathi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - M Al-Murad
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - F Alam
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
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17
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Uddin S, Behbehani M, Aba A, Al Ghadban AN. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in seawater of the northern Arabian Gulf - Baseline measurements. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:365-372. [PMID: 28899599 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on creating baseline for 238U, 235U, 234U, 210Pb, 210Po and 40K concentrations in the northern Arabian Gulf. The respective concentration ranges were 0.047-0.050, 0.00186-0.00198, 0.054-0.057, 0.00085-0.00092, 0.00051-0.00062 and 18.6-19.1Bql-1. These results suggest that the levels are generally comparable to other marine waters in the northern hemisphere. There were no hot spots observed from oil and gas industry. These data will serve as a baseline to gauge possible future inputs of TENORMs in the northern Gulf. A positive and linear correlation was observed between 238,234U, 40K isotopes and seawater salinity. The results also suggest significant fractionation between 210Po and 210Pb, attributed to rapid removal of 210Po by biota compared to 210Pb. The mean residence time for 210Po in the study area was 371days. The 234U/238U and 238U/235U activity ratios in seawater samples vary between 1.14-1.15, and 0.038-0.040. The 234U/238U and 235U/238U ratio is similar to the expected composition of seawater (1.148±0.002) and 0.0462.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Uddin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | | | - A Aba
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
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18
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Uddin S, Fowler SW, Behbehani M, Metian M. 210Po bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in marine food chains in the northern Arabian Gulf. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 174:23-29. [PMID: 27670204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tendency of 210Po to concentrate in body tissue poses a serious concern of radiological safety. This study compiles available information and presents recent 210Po data for the marine food web in the northern Gulf waters. Since 210Po is concentrated in marine biota, a large number of samples of various marine organisms covering several trophic levels, from microalgae to sharks, were analyzed. 210Po was found to be highly concentrated in several marine species with the highest 210Po concentrations found in yellowfin tuna, i.e. 37.3-44.9, 451-548, and 1511-1693 Bq kg-1 wwt in muscle, digestive system and liver, respectively. In most dissected fish samples, 210Po showed increasing concentrations in the following order: edible tissue, gills, digestive system, liver and fecal matter. Fish feces had 210Po concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than that in seawater, fish muscle, and the fishes' ingested food. The high 210Po concentration in fish fecal matter suggests that the bulk of 210Po content in fish is eventually excreted back into the environment as fecal pellets. In most fish high concentrations were noted in liver, with the highest 210Po concentration recorded in yellowfin tuna liver. Moreover, 210Po concentration in the soft tissue of tunicate and bryozoan samples were 872-1012 and 402-527 Bq kg-1 wwt, respectively, far higher than that in fish muscle (0.04-44.9 Bq kg-1 wwt). It was observed that the maximum 210Po concentration in edible fish tissue among the fish in trophic level 2 was an order of magnitude lower than those in trophic level 3 and two orders of magnitude lower compared to fish in trophic level 4. The highest concentrations in the muscle tissue were observed in the following order: tunicate > bryozoan > mollusc > crustacean > algae > fish. Among all the biota analyzed, the highest overall concentration of 210Po was noted in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) indicating a potential biomagnification of 210Po in this particular top predator species. In general, 210Po concentrations found in the commercially important fish from Kuwaiti waters were comparable to levels that have been reported for similar fish species from several other marine areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - S W Fowler
- Institute Bobby, 8 Allée des Orangers, 06320 Cap d'Ail, France
| | - M Behbehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - M Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, 4a, Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco
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19
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Kim SH, Hong GH, Lee HM, Cho BE. 210Po in the marine biota of Korean coastal waters and the effective dose from seafood consumption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 174:30-37. [PMID: 27903421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of 210Po were determined in plankton and selected species of macroalgae, crustaceans, molluscs, and fish from Korean coastal waters to understand 210Po distribution in these trophic levels and to assess the effective dose of 210Po from seafood ingested by the average Korean. The activity concentration of 210Po in macroalgae, mixed plankton, anchovy (whole body), abalone muscle, and abalone viscera was 0.97-1.43, 32-137, 59-392, 2.93 ± 0.86, and 1495 ± 484 Bq kg-1 (w.w.), respectively. Polonium-210 concentration in the whole flesh of mussel and oyster were 47.8 ± 5.9 and 45.3 ± 7.1 Bq kg-1 (w.w.), respectively. Polonium-210 concentration in the muscle of the five tested species of fish other than anchovy ranged from 0.51 to 5.56 Bq kg-1 (w.w.), with the lowest amount in a demersal species. In fish, 210Po activity concentration was as much as three orders of magnitude higher in viscera than in muscle. The average annual effective 210Po dose per average Korean adult, who consumes 42.8 kg of seafood a year (excluding anchovy), was estimated to be 94 μSv y-1, with 42-71% of this attributed to shellfish. Further studies are required to assess the dose of 210Po from anchovy owing to its high activity concentration and the manner in which anchovy is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, 15627, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea.
| | - G H Hong
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, 15627, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - B E Cho
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, 15627, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea
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20
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Desideri D, Meli MA, Roselli C, Feduzi L, Ugolini L. 210Polonium bioaccessibility assessment in algae for human consumption: An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:230-235. [PMID: 28532321 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1285733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and mobility of natural radioactive element as 210Polonium (210Po) in 13 commercial algae consumed in Italy by humans were determined because the effects on human health need to take into account the bioavailability of these elements. The simulation of gastrointestinal (GIT) digestion was divided into three stages and was accomplished using three different artificial solutions: saliva, gastric, and synthetic bile-pancreas solution. The same sample was treated in two different ways: a) only gastric digestion and b) complete GIT digestion (gastric digestion followed by bile-pancreas solution). The difference between Po gastric mobility with respect to that found for GIT digestion was not significant; in fact, Po mobility exhibited a mean value 17.2 ± 15.1% and 19.5 ± 11.5% for gastric and GIT digestion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Desideri
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , Urbino University "Carlo Bo" , Urbino , Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Meli
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , Urbino University "Carlo Bo" , Urbino , Italy
| | - Carla Roselli
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , Urbino University "Carlo Bo" , Urbino , Italy
| | - Laura Feduzi
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , Urbino University "Carlo Bo" , Urbino , Italy
| | - Lucia Ugolini
- a Department of Biomolecular Sciences , Urbino University "Carlo Bo" , Urbino , Italy
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21
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Praveen Pole RP, Feroz Khan M, Godwin Wesley S. Occurrence of 210Po in marine macroalgae inhabiting a coastal nuclear zone, southeast coast of India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 169-170:122-130. [PMID: 28110199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of 210Po in 26 species of marine macroalgae found along coast near to a nuclear installation in southeast coast of India was studied. Phaeophytes were found to accumulate the maximum 210Po concentration and chlorophytes the minimum. The average 210Po activity concentration values in the three groups were 6.2 ± 2.5 Bq kg-1 (Chlorophyta), 14.4 ± 5.2 Bq kg-1 (Phaeophyta) and 11.3 ± 3.9 Bq kg-1 (Rhodophyta). A statistically significant variation in accumulation was found between groups (p < 0.05). The un-weighted dose rate to these algae due to 210Po was calculated to be well below the benchmark dose limit of 10 μGy h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Praveen Pole
- Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, 629003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Feroz Khan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Melvisharam, Vellore-632 509, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Godwin Wesley
- Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, 629003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Desideri D, Cantaluppi C, Ceccotto F, Meli MA, Roselli C, Feduzi L. Radiochemical Characterization of Algae Products Commercialized for Human Consumption. HEALTH PHYSICS 2016; 111:256-264. [PMID: 27472751 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural radionuclides and Cs were determined by alpha (U, U, Th,Po,Th, and Th) and gamma spectrometry (Cs, K, Ra, Pb, and Ra via Ac) in 14 dried seaweeds commercialized for human nutrition in Italy. The study was carried out in order to provide information on the concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclides. Cesium-137 (Cs) concentrations in all analyzed samples were always <2.0 Bq kg (dry weight), while the naturally occurring radionuclide concentrations were detectable in all the samples and significantly different in the analyzed seaweeds. Potassium-40 (K) showed a mean activity of 894 Bq kg with a range of 14.1-3,256 Bq kg. The mean of activity for Po was 5.1 Bq kg with a range of 1.5-13.6 Bq kg. The mean of activity for Pb was 8.9 Bq kg with a range of 2.9-25.7 Bq kg. The mean of U and Ra activity concentration was 4.7 and 8.4 Bq kg with a range of 0.1-27.7 and 3.2-24.6 Bq kg, respectively. The mean activity concentrations for Th, Th, and Ra were 0.69, 3.0, and 6.6 Bq kg with ranges of 0.05-3.39, 0.24-15.7, and 0.5-35.6 Bq kg, respectively. Radionuclide activity concentrations were within ranges reported in the scientific literature. The committed effective dose due to all the radionuclides analyzed, from ingestion of 1 kg y of seaweeds, accounts for 0.66% of the natural radiation exposure in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Desideri
- *Biomolecular Sciences Department, Urbino University "Carlo Bo," P.zza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy; †CNR-IENI, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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23
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Uddin S, Aba A, Fowler SW, Behbehani M, Ismaeel A, Al-Shammari H, Alboloushi A, Mietelski JW, Al-Ghadban A, Al-Ghunaim A, Khabbaz A, Alboloushi O. Radioactivity in the Kuwait marine environment--Baseline measurements and review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:651-661. [PMID: 26490408 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Arabian Gulf region is moving towards a nuclear energy option with the first nuclear power plant now operational in Bushehr, Iran, and others soon to be constructed in Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia. Radiological safety is becoming a prime concern in the region. This study compiles available data and presents recent radionuclide data for the northern Gulf waters, considered as pre-nuclear which will be a valuable dataset for future monitoring work in this region. Radionuclide monitoring in the marine environment is a matter of prime concern for Kuwait, and an assessment of the potential impact of radionuclides requires the establishment and regular updating of baseline levels of artificial and natural radionuclides in various environmental compartments. Here we present baseline measurements for (210)Po, (210)Pb, (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and (3)H in Kuwait waters. The seawater concentration of (3)H, (210)Po, (210)Pb, (137)Cs, and (90)Sr vary between 130-146, 0.48-0.68, 0.75-0.89, 1.25-1.38 and 0.57-0.78 mBq L(-1), respectively. The (40)K concentration in seawater varies between 8.9-9.3 Bq L(-1). The concentration of (40)K, total (210)Pb, (137)Cs, (90)Sr, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, (238)U, (235)U, (234)U, (239+240)Pu and (238)Pu were determined in sediments and range, respectively, between 353-445, 23.6-44.3, 1.0-3.1, 4.8-5.29, 17.3-20.5, 15-16.4, 28.7-31.4, 1.26-1.30, 29.7-30.0, 0.045-0.21 and 0.028-0.03 Bq kg(-1) dry weight. Since, radionuclides are concentrated in marine biota, a large number of marine biota samples covering several trophic levels, from microalgae to sharks, were analyzed. The whole fish concentration of (40)K, (226)Ra, (224)Ra, (228)Ra, (137)Cs, (210)Po and (90)Sr range between 230-447, 0.7-7.3, <0.5-6.6, <0.5-15.80, <0.17, 0.88-4.26 and 1.86-5.34 Bq kg(-1) dry weight, respectively. (210)Po was found to be highly concentrated in several marine organisms with the highest (210)Po concentration found in Marica marmorata (193.5-215.6 Bq kg(-1) dry weight). (210)Po in most dissected fish samples shows increasing concentrations in the following order: edible tissue, gills, digestive system, liver and fecal matter. Fish fecal pellets had (210)Po concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than the seawater, fish muscle, and the fishes' ingested food. The high (210)Po concentration in fish fecal matter, suggest that the bulk of (210)Po content in fish was eventually excreted back into the environment as fecal pellets. In most fish high concentrations were noted in liver, with the highest (210)Po concentration recorded in shark liver (126.2-141.5 Bq kg(-1) wet). Moreover, (210)Po concentration in the soft tissue of molluscs (10.36-215.60 Bq kg(-1) dry weight) was far higher than that in fish muscle (0.05-7.49 Bq kg(-1) wet weight). A seasonal drop in (210)Po concentration in seawater was observed to vary with the abundance of phytoplankton and macroalgae due possibly to biological dilution. (137)Cs concentration in all the fish sampled was below the detection limit, and the concentration in seawater was also low; hence such low levels provide an opportunity to use this radionuclide as an indicator for any future radiocesium releases in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - A Aba
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - S W Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - M Behbehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - A Ismaeel
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - H Al-Shammari
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - A Alboloushi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - J W Mietelski
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Al-Ghadban
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - A Al-Ghunaim
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - A Khabbaz
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - O Alboloushi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
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