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Ren H, Gong X, Zhou L, Wang P, Cao Y. Recent progresses in analytical method development for 210Pb in environmental and biological samples. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33272-3. [PMID: 38649600 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
As a decay product of uranium series, 210Pb spreads widely in the nature and imposes strong radiological and chemical toxicity. It is vital to establish reliable and efficient radioanalytical methods for 210Pb determination to support environment and food radioactivity monitoring programs. This article critically reviews analytical methods developed for determining 210Pb in environmental and biological samples, especially new development in recent years. Techniques applied throughout different analytical steps including sample pretreatment, separation, purification, and detection are summarized and their pros and cons are discussed to provide a holistic overview for 210Pb environmental and biological assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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Del Buono E, Nurra N, Sartor RM, Battuello M, Favaro L, Berti G, Griglione A, Trossi A, Avolio R, Abete MC, Squadrone S. Trace and rare earth elements in phytoplankton from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy). Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:399. [PMID: 38532156 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Plankton plays a very crucial role in bioaccumulation and transfer of metals in the marine food web and represents a suitable bioindicator of the occurrence of trace and rare earth elements in the ecosystem. Trace elements and REEs were analyzed by ICP-MS in phytoplankton samples from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Metal concentrations in phytoplankton were found strongly influenced by seasons and depth of collection (- 30 m, - 50 m). Principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that Al, As, Cr, Cu, Ga, and Sn concentrations were related to summer and autumn in samples collected at 30 m depth, while Fe, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn levels related strongly with summer and spring at 50 m depth. Fe, Al, and Zn were the most represented elements in all samples (mean values respectively in the ranges 4.2-8.2, 9.6-13, and 1.0-4.4 mg kg-1) according to their widespread presence in the environment and in the earth crust. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on REEs showed that mostly all lanthanides' concentrations strongly correlate with summer and autumn seasons (- 30 m depth); the highest ∑REE concentration (75 µg kg-1) was found in winter. Phytoplankton REE normalized profile was comparable to those of other marine biota collected in the same area according to the suitability of lanthanides as geological tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Del Buono
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Nurra
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
- Pelagosphera, Marine Environmental Services Cooperative, Via Umberto Cosmo 17/Bis, 10131, Turin, Italy
| | - Rocco Mussat Sartor
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
- Pelagosphera, Marine Environmental Services Cooperative, Via Umberto Cosmo 17/Bis, 10131, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Battuello
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
- Pelagosphera, Marine Environmental Services Cooperative, Via Umberto Cosmo 17/Bis, 10131, Turin, Italy
| | - Livio Favaro
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Berti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Griglione
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Trossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Avolio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
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Abbasi A, Alrowaily AW, Zakaly HMH. Radiotoxic 210Po concentration in the Mediterranean Sea sediment and radiation risk assessment of biota. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 195:115522. [PMID: 37714072 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
This research presents the levels and distribution of 210Po in different sediments of the northeastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The 210Po activity concentrations were measured using an alpha spectroscopy system. The activity concentrations of 210Po in the sediment samples were in the range between 20.5 ± 0.7 and 92.8 ± 1.6 Bq kg-1 dw with an average of 48.2 ± 1.4 Bq kg-1 dw. The microorganism-enriched sampling sites (bedrock sites) indicated low 210Po concentration than sandy coastal sites. As a result of these measurements, the RESidual RADioactivity (RESRAD) biota code was applied to calculate the tissue concentration rate (CR), internal dose rate, external dose rate, and total dose rate of the exposed tissues. The total dose rates of aquatic animals were found higher than that of riparian animals. The 210Po sediment resource doses to aquatic and riparian animals were found less than the dose level recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Abbasi
- Faculty of Art and Science, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Albandari W Alrowaily
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M H Zakaly
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt; Istinye University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul 34396, Turkey; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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Abstract
The enormous usage of plastic over the last seven decades has resulted in a massive quantity of plastic waste, much of it eventually breaking down into microplastic (MP) and nano plastic (NP). The MPs and NPs are regarded as emerging pollutants of serious concern. Both MPs and NPs can have a primary or secondary origin. Their ubiquitous presence and ability to sorb, desorb, and leach chemicals have raised concern over their presence in the aquatic environment and, particularly, the marine food chain. MPs and NPs are also considered vectors for pollutant transfer along with the marine food chain, and people who consume seafood have began significant concerns about the toxicity of seafood. The exact consequences and risk of MP exposure to marine foods are largely unknown and should be a priority research area. Although several studies have documented an effective clearance mechanism by defecation, significant aspect has been less emphasized for MPs and NPs and their capability to translocate in organs and clearance is not well established. The technological limitations to study these ultra-fine MPs are another challenge to be addressed. Therefore, this chapter discusses the recent findings of MPs in different marine food chains, their translocation and accumulations potential, MPs as a critical vector for pollutant transfer, toxicology impact, cycling in the marine environment and seafood safety. Besides, the concerns and challenges that are overshadowed by findings for the significance of MPs were covered.
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Zhang D, Niemczyk A, Moniakowska A, Block K, Olszewski G, Strumińska-Parulska D. On 210Po and 210Pb in algae diet supplements - The assessed radiation hazard of aquatic superfoods. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 188:114591. [PMID: 36682306 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Algae are believed to give health benefits. However, the studies showed they contain toxic elements, including radionuclides, and may affect human health. The study presents the values of activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the algae supplements available worldwide for adults. The activity concentrations (Bq/kg dw) ranged from 0.07 to 14.5 (210Po) and from 0.06 to 8.48 (210Pb). Also, the effective radiation doses and the cancer risk from 210Po and 210Pb decay ingested with analyzed algal supplements have been assessed. The highest values of annual effective doses have been estimated for 210Po in the recommended portion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) from China (59.7 μSv/year) and Diatomaceous earth from the USA (50.4 μSv/year). The cancer morbidity and mortality risk ranged from 10-4 to 10-8. The study indicated the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were low, and algae supplements for human consumption could be considered safe food.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhang
- Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - A Niemczyk
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Moniakowska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Block
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - G Olszewski
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - D Strumińska-Parulska
- Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Behbehani M, Uddin S, Dupont S, Fowler SW, Gorgun AU, Al-Enezi Y, Al-Musallam L, Kumar VV, Faizuddin M. Ocean Acidification-Mediated Food Chain Transfer of Polonium between Primary Producers and Consumers. Toxics 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 36668740 PMCID: PMC9862112 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and zooplankton are key marine components that play an important role in metal distribution through a food web transfer. An increased phytoplankton concentration as a result of ocean acidification and warming are well-established, along with the fact that phytoplankton biomagnify 210Po by 3−4 orders of magnitude compared to the seawater concentration. This experimental study is carried out to better understand the transfer of polonium between primary producers and consumers. The experimental produced data highlight the complex interaction between the polonium concentration in zooplankton food, i.e. phytoplankton, its excretion via defecated fecal pellets, and its bioaccumulation at ambient seawater pH and a lower pH of 7.7, typical of ocean acidification scenarios in the open ocean. The mass of copepods recovered was 11% less: 7.7 pH compared to 8.2. The effects of copepod species (n = 3), microalgae species (n = 3), pH (n = 2), and time (n = 4) on the polonium activity in the fecal pellets (expressed as % of the total activity introduced through feeding) was tested using an ANOVA 4. With the exception of time (model: F20, 215 = 176.84, p < 0.001; time: F3 = 1.76, p = 0.16), all tested parameters had an impact on the polonium activity (copepod species: F2 = 169.15, p < 0.0001; algae species: F2 = 10.21, p < 0.0001; pH: F1 = 9.85, p = 0.002) with complex interactions (copepod x algae: F2 = 19.48, p < 0.0001; copepod x pH: F2 = 10.54, p < 0.0001; algae x pH: F2 = 4.87, p = 0.009). The experimental data underpin the hypothesis that metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation will be enhanced in secondary consumers such as crustacean zooplankton due to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaha Behbehani
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg 566, 451 78 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
- Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Scott W. Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - Aysun U. Gorgun
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova/İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yousef Al-Enezi
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Lamya Al-Musallam
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Vanitha V. Kumar
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Faizuddin
- Gulf Geoinformation Solutions, Hamariya Free Zone, P.O. Box 32223 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Sabu KSP, Kavitha PK, Shareef YN, Khan MF. Evaluation of the radiological dose due to 210Po in commercial clupeid fish collected in the near-shore environment of the high background natural radiation area (HBNRA) on the southwest coast of India. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:114034. [PMID: 35981447 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we quantified the tissue concentration of 210Po in a variety of commercial sardine fish species of the family Clupeidae from an area of high background natural radiation area on the southwest coast of India. The smooth belly sardine Amblygaster leiogaster had the lowest 210Po concentration in its muscle (45.6 ± 7.9 Bq kg-1 fresh), while the goldstripe sardine Sardinella gibbosa had the highest (103.4 ± 10.1 Bq kg-1 fresh). The Annual Committed Effective Dose (ACED) of fried sardine and sardine curry were 134.3-304.3 μSv y-1 and 226.6-513.5 μSv y-1, respectively. Of the 210Po loss, 20 % was due to frying and 10 % to preparing sardine curry. The effective dose was found to be globally comparable and well below the world limit. Consumption of sardines containing 210Po would not pose a health hazard to the residents of Manavalakurchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunakaran Sreekumar Praveen Sabu
- Department of Zoology, Thiru Kolanjiappar Government Arts College, (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Virudhachalam, 606001 Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pappireddipatty Kandasamy Kavitha
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous - Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yaseen Nawaz Shareef
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous - Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Feroz Khan
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous - Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Al-khalaifah H, Uddin S. Assessment of Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. as Poultry Feed Supplements: Feasibility and Environmental Implications. Sustainability 2022; 14:8968. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication, coupled with ocean acidification and warming, results in an increased concentration of marine algae, severely impacting some regions. Several algae are a rich source of protein and minerals. Marine algae are rich in bioactive molecules with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and antimicrobial properties. These properties make them attractive for usage in the pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluated Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. for use as poultry feed. Chemical analyses show that crude protein (CP) in analyzed algae was 9.07–63.63%, with a fiber content of 0.15–17.20%, and a crude fat range of 0.152–2.11%, suggesting that algae can partially substitute imported protein sources used for poultry feed. A rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) was used to assess the environmental footprint of algae usage in poultry feed. The environmental assessment results show promising opportunities to help harvest the algae from the marine area. However, the feasibility of establishing outdoor algal ponds is not environmentally viable in the Middle East.
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Hansen V, Mosbech A, Rigét FF, Søgaard-Hansen J, Bjerregaard P, Dietz R, Sonne C, Asmund G, Bøknæs N, Olsen M, Gustavson K, Boertmann D, Fabricius SD, Clausen DS, Hansen AS. Background 210Po activity concentrations in Greenland marine biota and dose assessment. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150508. [PMID: 34844309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polonium-210 (210Po) is a radionuclide sentinel as it bioaccumulates in marine organisms, thereby being the main contributor to committed dietary doses in seafood consumers. Although seafood and marine mammals are an important part of the traditional Inuit diet, there is a general lack of information on the 210Po concentrations in the Greenlandic marine food chain leading to the human consumer. Here, we determine background 210Po concentrations in edible parts of different marine organisms from Greenland and provide a dose assessment. Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), organs of ringed seal (Pusa hispida) and polar bear (Ursus maritimus) displayed significantly elevated 210Po concentrations in respect to all other studied organisms (p < 0.001). 210Po concentrations ranged from 0.02 Bq kg-1, w.w. in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) muscle to 78 Bq kg-1, w.w. and 202 Bq kg-1, w.w. in ringed seal muscle and kidneys, respectively. 210Po concentration ratio for edible parts increases in the order bladderwrack (Fucus Vesiculosus), northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), blue mussels, and from fish species to ringed seal and polar bear. 210Po distribution in fish, ringed seal, and polar bear follows a general pattern, the lowest concentrations were in muscle, and the highest concentrations were in the organs involved in metabolism. The derived 210Po annual absorbed dose in edible parts of studied marine organisms are several orders of magnitude lower than the recommended dose rate screening value of 10 μGy h-1. Effective doses from intake of 210Po to Greenland average children (1.4 mSv y-1), and high seafood and marine mammal consumers (2 mSv y-1 for adults and 3.6 mSv y-1 for children) are higher than the world average annual effective dose due to ingestion of naturally occurring radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Hansen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Frank Farsø Rigét
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute for Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, GL-3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455 København K, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gert Asmund
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels Bøknæs
- Royal Greenland A/S, Hellebarden 7, DK-9230 Svenstrup J, Denmark
| | - Maia Olsen
- Greenland Institute for Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, GL-3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - David Boertmann
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sandra Drewes Fabricius
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Daniel Spelling Clausen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Behbehani M, Carvalho FP, Uddin S, Habibi N. Enhanced Polonium Concentrations in Aerosols from the Gulf Oil Producing Region and the Role of Microorganisms. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:13309. [PMID: 34948917 PMCID: PMC8705287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study provides the first data set of 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations in the organic and inorganic components of several particle size classes of aerosols collected at two sampling stations in Kuwait. The 210Po concentrations in the aerosols (Bq/g) were similar in all of the particle size classes, but as most (91%) of the aerosol load was made of fine fraction particles of PM0.39-2.5 µm, most of the 210Po activity was carried by this aerosol fraction. At the two sampling stations, the 210Po/210Pb activity concentration ratios in the aerosols were similar, stable around the year, and averaged 1.5 (range 1.2-1.9), much higher than the typical activity concentration ratios of these radionuclides in unmodified (background) aerosols, with Po/Pb < 0.1. The aerosol enrichment in 210Po was likely originated from the oil industry, specifically by gas flaring and oil refining in the Gulf region. Radionuclide analysis in the organic and inorganic components of aerosols showed that the 210Po concentration in the organic component was one order of magnitude higher than the 210Po concentration in the inorganic component, in contrast with 210Pb, which displayed similar concentrations in both organic and inorganic aerosol components. The 210Po carrying organic component of aerosols was investigated and it was found to be largely composed of microorganisms with high microbial and fungi diversity, with the phyla Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota being dominant among the bacteria and with Zygomycota being dominant among the fungi. Therefore, we are facing an active concentration process of the atmospheric 210Po carried out by microorganisms, which underlies the 210Po enrichment process in the organic component of aerosols. This bioconcentration of polonium in bioaerosols was unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montaha Behbehani
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (M.B.); (N.H.)
| | | | - Saif Uddin
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (M.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Nazima Habibi
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait; (M.B.); (N.H.)
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Cavallo G, Lorini C, Garamella G, Bonaccorsi G. Seaweeds as a “Palatable” Challenge between Innovation and Sustainability: A Systematic Review of Food Safety. Sustainability 2021; 13:7652. [DOI: 10.3390/su13147652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Moderate or severe food insecurity affect 2 billion people worldwide. The four pillars of food security (availability, access, use and stability) are in danger due to the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors which impact on the food system. Novel foods, like seaweeds, have the potential to increase food yields so that to contribute in preventing or avoiding future global food shortages. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess microbiological, chemical, physical, and allergenic risks associated with seaweed consumption. Four research strings have been used to search for these risks. Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were applied. Finally, 39 articles met the selected criteria. No significant hazards for microbiological, allergenic, and physical risks were detected. Regarding chemical risk, algae can accumulate various heavy metals, especially when harvested in polluted sites. Cultivating seaweeds in a controlled environment allows to avoid this risk. Periodic checks will be necessary on the finished products to monitor heavy metals levels. Since the consumption of algae seems to be on the rise everywhere, it seems to be urgent that food control authorities establish the safety levels to which eating algae does not represent any risk for human health.
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Annabi-Trabelsi N, Guermazi W, Karam Q, Ali M, Uddin S, Leignel V, Ayadi H. Concentrations of trace metals in phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 168:112392. [PMID: 33894587 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of four trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were investigated for the first time in phytoplankton, zooplankton, and the seawater samples collected from the coast of Gabès, Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea. For over 40 years, this coast has witnessed significant anthropogenic impacts form fertilizer processing. Results obtained for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in seawater far exceed the concentration reported for other Mediterranean coastal waters, highlighting the Gulf of Gabès as a pollution hotspot. The average metals concentration was in the order Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd in water, and phytoplankton, whereas Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd in zooplankton. The biomagnification in phytoplankton and zooplankton for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd was 116, 56, 38, 31, and 127, 157, 30 and 27. The biomagnification of Zn and Pb was higher in zooplankton than phytoplankton, while Cu and Cd were higher in phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neila Annabi-Trabelsi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Guermazi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Qusaie Karam
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Saif Uddin
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
| | - Vincent Leignel
- Laboratoire Mer Molécules Santé EA2160 FR-CNRS 3473 IUML, Le Mans Université, France, Avenue O Messiaen, 72000, France
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire Biodiversité Marine et Environnement (LR18ES30), Route soukra Km 3.5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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13
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Kong X, Yin L, Ji Y. Simultaneous determination of 210Pb and 210Po in seafood samples using liquid scintillation counting. J Environ Radioact 2021; 231:106553. [PMID: 33609900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of 210Pb and 210Po in seafood samples has attracted tremendous interest because of their radiotoxicity. In this study, a fast and cost-efficient method for the simultaneous determination of 210Pb and 210Po in seafood samples by ultralow-level liquid scintillation counting after separation on a Sr•spec column was developed. The recoveries of 210Pb and 210Po were ~70% and ~85%, respectively. The minimum detectable activity of the proposed method for 210Pb and 210Po was 3.85 Bq/kg and 1.50 Bq/kg, respectively, which is suitable for the determination of 210Pb and 210Po in seafood samples. The radiochemical procedure was validated by measuring 210Pb and 210Po activity concentrations in IAEA-certified reference materials and successfully applied to shrimp and clam samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyin Kong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Liangliang Yin
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yanqin Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
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14
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Behbehani M, Uddin S, Baskaran M. 210Po concentration in different size fractions of aerosol likely contribution from industrial sources. J Environ Radioact 2020; 222:106323. [PMID: 32554167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
210Po, being a highly radiotoxic isotope, could contribute to significant inhalation dose to humans. This study establishes the first set of atmospheric 210Po data in aerosol samples collected across Kuwait. The primary focus of this study is to investigate spatio-temporal variability of atmospheric 210Po and assess its sources, including anthropogenic contributions. Measurements of 210Po in aerosols collected over a period of 23 months (January 2018-November 2019) from three different locations, i.e., a remote area (120 km) north of Kuwait City, Kuwait city and an industrial site (60 km from Kuwait City center). Specific activities of 210Po were determined in 3 different size fractions (0.39-2.5 μm, 2.5-10 μm and ≥10 μm) and the highest activity was observed in the fine fraction (PM0.39- 2.5) across all sampling stations during both the summer and winter seasons. The highest activities in all the size fractions were measured downwind of the Industrial site that houses oil refineries, cement factory and some other industries including a Power and Desalination Plant. In terms of temporal variations, higher summertime activities were observed across the spatial domain. Longer residence time of atmospheric 222Rn-produced 210Pb resulting in lower scavenging of atmospheric 210Pb, due to very little precipitation in summer, will result in higher atmospheric 210Po.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Behbehani
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | - S Uddin
- Environment Pollution and Climate Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - M Baskaran
- Department of Geology, Wayne State University, Detriot, MI, USA
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15
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Uddin S, Fowler SW, Behbehani M, Al-Ghadban AN, Swarzenski PW, Al-Awadhi N. A review of radioactivity in the Gulf region. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 159:111481. [PMID: 32768672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The region around the Gulf is moving toward a nuclear energy option with the first nuclear power plant now operational in Bushehr, Iran. Others are soon to be commissioned in Abu Dhabi and in Saudi Arabia. For this reason, radiological safety is becoming a prime concern in the region. This review compiles published data on radionuclide concentrations in seawater, sediment, and biota that have been analyzed in the Gulf countries, along with spatial distribution patterns to enable a synoptic view of the available datasets. The seawater concentrations of 3H, 210Po, 210Pb, 137Cs, and 90Sr varied between 130 and 146, 0.48-0.68, 0.75-0.89, 1.25-1.38, 0.57-0.78 mBq L-1, respectively. The 226Ra concentration in seawater varied between 0.26 and 3.82 Bq L-1. Extremely high 40K concentrations between 132 and 149 Bq L-1 have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to 8.9-9.3 Bq L-1 from the western side of the Gulf. Concentrations of 40K, total 210Pb, 137Cs, 90Sr, 226Ra, 228Ra, 238U, 235U, 234U, 239+240Pu, and 238Pu were determined in sediment and ranged between 353 and 445, 23.6-44.3, 1.0-3.1, 4.8-5.29, 17.3-20.5, 15-16.4, 28.7-31.4, 1.26-1.30, 29.7-30.0, 0.045-0.21 and 0.028-0.03 Bq kg-1 dry weight, respectively. Significantly higher 137Cs values have been reported from the Iranian coast compared to the western coast of the Gulf. Whole fish concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 137Cs, 210Po and 90Sr ranged between 230 and 447, 0.7-7.3, <0.5-6.6, <0.5-15.80, <0.17, 0.88-4.26 and 1.86-5.34 Bq kg-1 dry weight, respectively. 210Po was found to be highly concentrated in several marine organisms with the highest 210Po concentration found in the clam Marcia marmorata (193.5-215.6 Bq kg-1 dry weight). The review highlights the overall paucity of data and inconsistencies in the measurement of radionuclides throughout the Gulf region. Further, since the region is moving toward nuclear energy to meet its increasing energy demand, and coupled with the environmental effects from offshore oil exploration and the heavy impact of climate change, there is a pressing need to undertake a comprehensive marine radioactivity monitoring and assessment effort by conducting a joint cruise in the Gulf with participation of all the adjoining countries. Several recommendations on sampling marine matrixes in the Gulf are given with the aim of improving comparability of radionuclide data from the various studies undertaken in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait.
| | - S W Fowler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
| | - M Behbehani
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
| | | | - P W Swarzenski
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 98000, Monaco
| | - N Al-Awadhi
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
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16
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Duong Van H. Assessment of the annual committed effective dose due to the 210Po ingestion from selected sea-food species in Vietnam. Chemosphere 2020; 252:126519. [PMID: 32203785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentration of 210Po in the edible muscle tissues of twelve sea-food species (the most common marine food consumed of population in Vietnam) were analyzed using the PIPS detectors ORTEC Alpha-Ensemble spectrometer. The 210Po activity concentration in studied samples was found to vary from 0.82 ± 0.47 to 70.3 ± 8.5 Bq/kg fresh weight. The highest activity concentration was recorded for the Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and the lowest for Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). The annual committed effective dose (CED) of 210Po to humans (the local residents) due to ingestion of each studied species was calculated from 18.5 to 1586 μSv/y. The average annual committed effective dose value was reported 394 μSv/y, which is marginally higher than the average CED contributed from ingestion of food and water total in global background (290 μSv/y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duong Van
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
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