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Melnik BC, Weiskirchen R, John SM, Stremmel W, Leitzmann C, Weiskirchen S, Schmitz G. White Adipocyte Stem Cell Expansion Through Infant Formula Feeding: New Insights into Epigenetic Programming Explaining the Early Protein Hypothesis of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4493. [PMID: 40429638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2025] [Revised: 05/03/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Prolonged breastfeeding (BF), as opposed to artificial infant formula feeding (FF), has been shown to prevent the development of obesity later in life. The aim of our narrative review is to investigate the missing molecular link between postnatal protein overfeeding-often referred to as the "early protein hypothesis"-and the subsequent transcriptional and epigenetic changes that accelerate the expansion of adipocyte stem cells (ASCs) in the adipose vascular niche during postnatal white adipose tissue (WAT) development. To achieve this, we conducted a search on the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2025 and reviewed 750 papers. Our findings revealed that the overactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which inhibits wingless (Wnt) signaling due to protein overfeeding, serves as the primary pathway promoting ASC commitment and increasing preadipocyte numbers. Moreover, excessive protein intake, combined with the upregulation of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and a deficiency of breast milk-derived microRNAs from lactation, disrupts the proper regulation of FTO and Wnt pathway components. This disruption enhances ASC expansion in WAT while inhibiting brown adipose tissue development. While BF has been shown to have protective effects against obesity, the postnatal transcriptional and epigenetic changes induced by excessive protein intake from FF may predispose infants to early and excessive ASC commitment in WAT, thereby increasing the risk of obesity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Claus Leitzmann
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Gießen, D-35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Pesce S, Villa G, Poliani A, Rosa D, Marcomini I, Manara DF. Gamified Interventions for Obesity and Overweight Prevention and Treatment: A Scoping Review. Am J Nurs 2025; 125:44-49. [PMID: 40140045 DOI: 10.1097/ajn.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight affect approximately 30% of the world's population. These conditions present a global challenge, as they lead to morbidity and the development of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Various strategies are available to address obesity and overweight. Nonpharmacological strategies include therapeutic patient education, which employs novel approaches to inform and engage patients, including gamification, the integration of gaming elements into nongaming contexts. PURPOSE This scoping review aimed to explore, map, and investigate gamified tools for obesity and overweight prevention and treatment, as well as their effectiveness. METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with the JBI guidelines for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS Six articles, primarily from the United States and published within the last eight years, were included in the review. Three main themes emerged: the use of gamification to reduce weight, the use of gamification to encourage physical activity, and the use of gamification to facilitate behavior change (adoption of a healthy diet). CONCLUSION Further research should be conducted on the use of gamification to prevent and treat obesity and overweight, because it seems to be effective in certain subpopulations and for reaching specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pesce
- Serena Pesce is a nurse at the Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital in Milan, Italy. Giulia Villa and Debora Rosa are assistant professors of nursing, Andrea Poliani and Ilaria Marcomini are nursing research fellows, and Duilio F. Manara is an associate professor of nursing, all at the Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. Contact author: Giulia Villa, . The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Guo H, Yang J, Huang J, Xu L, Lv Y, Wang Y, Ren J, Feng Y, Zheng Q, Li L. Comparative efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight reduction: A model-based meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. OBESITY PILLARS 2025; 13:100162. [PMID: 39980735 PMCID: PMC11840199 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Aim Obesity is a global epidemic. The FDA has approved glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as Liraglutide, Semaglutide, and the GLP-1/gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) dual agonist Tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity. Clinical trials of GLP-1/GIP/glucagon(GCG) triple agonists are ongoing. This study compared the efficacy and safety profiles of different GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for weight reduction and explored the related influencing factors, providing quantitative information for the development of GLP-1RAs and their clinical use. Methods This systematic review of public databases included placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials of GLP-1RAs. Time-course, dose-response, and covariate models were used to describe the efficacy characteristics and influencing factors of different GLP-1RAs. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore efficacy differences in receptor specificity. Meta-analyses compared the incidence of adverse event and dropout rates among different GLP-1RAs. Results Fifty-five studies involving 16,269 participants and 12 GLP-1RAs were included. Six drugs showed significant dose-response relationships. The maximum weight reduction effect ranged from 4.25 kg (Liraglutide) to 22.6 kg (Retatrutide). Reported onset times ranged from 6.4 weeks (Orforglipron) to 19.5 weeks (Tirzepatide). At 52 weeks, weight reduction effects were 7.03 kg, 11.07 kg, and 24.15 kg for mono-agonists, dual-agonists, and tri-agonists, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation in the exponential pattern between age and weight reduction effect, whereas baseline weight and BMI had no significant impact. Common adverse events of GLP-1RAs, reported in the literature include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation, with a significantly higher incidence of nausea than that of placebo. Conclusions This study provides a quantitative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs and offers valuable insights into the assessment of new drugs for weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Guo
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jihan Huang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yinghua Lv
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yexuan Wang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiyuan Ren
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lujin Li
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China
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Liu L, Li Z, Ye W, Peng P, Wang Y, Wan L, Li J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Liu R, Xu D, Zhang J. Safety and effects of anti-obesity medications on weight loss, cardiometabolic, and psychological outcomes in people living with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2025; 79:103020. [PMID: 39834714 PMCID: PMC11743856 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity pose serious health challenges for individuals and societies. This study aims to facilitate personalised treatment of obesity by summarising recent research on weight-loss pharmacotherapies, with a focus on their effects on weight reduction, cardiometabolic health, psychological outcomes, and adverse events. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis included searches of Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to June 8, 2024. Randomised controlled trials evaluating weight-loss pharmacotherapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA) for treating overweight or obesity were included. Primary outcomes included changes in body weight, cardiometabolic indicators, psychological outcomes, and adverse events. Summary data was extracted from published reports. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs), risk ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assess the certainty of evidence for each pooled analysis. PROSPERO registration: CRD42024547905. Findings A total of 154 randomised controlled trials (n = 112,515 participants) were included. Tirzepatide had the greatest weight-loss effect (WMD -11.69, 95% CI -19.22 to -4.15; P = 0.0024; I2 = 100.0%; moderate certainty), followed by semaglutide (-8.48, -12.68 to -4.27; P < 0.0001; I2 = 100.0%; moderate certainty). Tirzepatide had the strongest antihypertensive effect on both systolic (WMD -5.74, -9.00 to -2.48; P = 0.0006; I2 = 99.8%; moderate certainty) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD -2.91, -4.97 to -0.85; P = 0.0056; I2 = 99.8%; moderate certainty) and best reduced triglycerides (WMD -0.77, -0.85 to -0.69; P < 0.0001; I2 = 3.2%; high certainty), fasting glucose (WMD -3.06, -5.53 to -0.59; P = 0.015; I2 = 100.0%; moderate certainty), insulin (WMD -4.91, -8.15 to -1.68; P = 0.0029; I2 = 97.0%; moderate certainty), and glycated haemoglobin levels (WMD -1.27, -1.82 to -0.73; P < 0.0001; I2 = 100.0%; moderate certainty). Semaglutide (RR 0.83, 0.74-0.92; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0.0%; high certainty) and liraglutide (0.87, 0.79-0.96; P = 0.0059; I2 = 0.0%; high certainty) reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, all three medications were associated with adverse gastrointestinal effects. Naltrexone/bupropion increased the risk of elevated blood pressure (RR 1.72, 1.04-2.85; P = 0.036; I2 = 0.0%; high certainty). Topiramate increased depression risk (RR 1.62, 1.14 to 2.30; P = 0.0077; I2 = 0.0%; high certainty), and phentermine/topiramate raised concerns about anxiety (RR 1.91, 1.09 to 3.35; P = 0.025; I2 = 29.5%; high certainty), sleep disorders (RR 1.55, 1.24-1.93; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0.0%; high certainty), and irritability (RR 3.31, 1.69-6.47; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0.0%; high certainty). No medication increased the risk of serious adverse events. Interpretation For weight reduction, tirzepatide is the top choice, followed by semaglutide. Considering cardiometabolic risk factors, tirzepatide shows the best blood pressure- and glucose-lowering benefits, while semaglutide and liraglutide reduce the risk of MACEs. Naltrexone/bupropion carries a risk of increased blood pressure. Phentermine/topiramate should be used with caution due to its higher risk of psychological side effects. Despite limitations related to study heterogeneity, these findings provide valuable insights for weight management strategies across diverse individuals. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China, Leading Talents Program of Hunan Province, and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenrui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luqing Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Runqi Liu
- Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Şengün N, Pala R, Çınar V, Akbulut T, Larion A, Padulo J, Russo L, Migliaccio GM. Alterations in Biomarkers Associated with Cardiovascular Health and Obesity with Short-Term Lifestyle Changes in Overweight Women: The Role of Exercise and Diet. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:2019. [PMID: 39768899 PMCID: PMC11727739 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2024] [Revised: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In this study, the effects of an eight-week exercise and nutrition program on blood lipids, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, ghrelin, irisin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) in overweight women were investigated. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 women volunteers participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (E), nutrition (N), exercise + nutrition (E + N). While no intervention was applied to group C, the other groups participated in the predetermined programs for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of this study, body composition was measured and blood samples were taken. Results: It was determined that the body composition components, lipid profile indicators, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, leptin, ghrelin, irisin, and MDA parameters examined in this study showed positive changes in the intervention groups. Group E had a greater effect on body muscle percentage, MDA, and irisin levels, while group N had a greater effect on blood lipids and ghrelin levels. Conclusions: As a result, it is thought that lifestyle changes are important to improve cardiovascular health and combat obesity, and that maintaining a healthy diet together with exercise may be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezihe Şengün
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Kültür University, Istanbul 34158, Turkey;
| | - Ragıp Pala
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Science, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (R.P.)
| | - Vedat Çınar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Science, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Taner Akbulut
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Science, Fırat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (R.P.)
| | - Alin Larion
- Faculty of Physical Education, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900029 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luca Russo
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Migliaccio
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Rome Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Athlete Physiology, Psychology and Nutrition Unit, Maxima Performa, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Hammami N, Bouzouraa E, Ölmez C, Hattabi S, Mhimdi N, Khezami MA, Forte P, Sortwell A, Bouassida A, Jemni M. Isokinetic Knee Strengthening Impact on Physical and Functional Performance, Pain Tolerance, and Quality of Life in Overweight/Obese Women with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4696. [PMID: 39200838 PMCID: PMC11355345 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Patellofemoral syndrome is a common osteoarticular condition that affects many individuals. Various treatment options are available, with a significant emphasis on targeted muscle-strengthening exercises. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isokinetic muscle strengthening on muscle strength, joint range of motion, quality of life, physical performance, and pain tolerance in overweight/obese women with patellofemoral syndrome. Methods: Twenty-four overweight or obese women with patellofemoral syndrome participated in the study during September and October 2023 in a private medical facility for physical medicine and functional rehabilitation. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups for six weeks of isokinetic muscle strengthening. The first group (ISO.G) followed a rehabilitation program combined with isokinetic muscle strengthening. A second group (PCM.G) followed a rehabilitation program that includes an isokinetic protocol in passive compensation movement. The extensors' peak torque was measured before and after training. Results: The flexors' peak torque, stair climbing test, 10 m walk, chair lift, monopodal support, goniometric knee flexion test, heel-buttock distance measurement, pain, and quality of life scores improved significantly in both groups. The ISO.G, on the other hand, benefited from a significant increase in quadriceps muscle strength revealed by the extensors' peak torque. Conclusions: For the treatment of patellofemoral syndrome, isokinetic muscle strengthening in concentric mode appears to have a significant advantage over the classic rehabilitation program with isokinetic passive compensation, particularly in muscle strength gain, in addition to the improvement of joint range of motion, quality of life, physical performance, and pain tolerance. Isokinetic training may be recommended as a beneficial approach for the rehabilitative treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome in overweight/obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhir Hammami
- Research Unit (UR22JS01) “Sport Sciences, Health and Movement”, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (E.B.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Eya Bouzouraa
- Research Unit (UR22JS01) “Sport Sciences, Health and Movement”, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (E.B.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Cengiz Ölmez
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Sport Sciences Faculty, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Türkiye;
| | - Soukaina Hattabi
- Research Unit (UR22JS01) “Sport Sciences, Health and Movement”, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (E.B.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Najla Mhimdi
- Research Unit (UR22JS01) “Sport Sciences, Health and Movement”, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (E.B.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mehrzia Amani Khezami
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, The National Institute of Orthopedics Mohamed KASSAB, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia;
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Pedro Forte
- Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal;
- Research Center for Active Living and Wellbeing (Livewell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Department of Sports, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Andrew Sortwell
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Research Unit (UR22JS01) “Sport Sciences, Health and Movement”, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (E.B.); (S.H.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Monèm Jemni
- Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA;
- Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Centre for Mental Health Research in Association, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
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Orandi BJ, Li Y, Seckin T, Bae S, Lonze BE, Ren-Fielding CJ, Lofton H, Gujral A, Segev DL, McAdams-DeMarco M. Obesogenic Medication Use in End-Stage Kidney Disease and Association With Transplant Listing. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15414. [PMID: 39166467 PMCID: PMC11552690 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesogenic medications are a putative contributor to the obesity epidemic. While 20% of adults take ≥1 obesogenic medication, the proportion in the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) population-a group enriched for cardiometabolic complications-is unknown. Obesogenic medications may contribute to obesity and hamper weight loss efforts to achieve transplant listing. METHODS Using 2017-2020 USRDS and Medicare claims, patients were identified as taking obesogenic medications if prescribed anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antidiabetics, anti-inflammatories, antipsychotics, and/or antihypertensives known to cause weight gain for ≥30 days in their first hemodialysis year. Ordinal logistic and Cox regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to quantify obesogenic medications' association with body mass index (BMI) and listing, respectively. RESULTS Among 271 401 hemodialysis initiates, 63.5% took ≥1 obesogenic medication. For those in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and class I, II, and III categories, 54.3%, 58.4%, 63.1%, 66.5%, 68.6%, and 68.8% took ≥1, respectively. Number of obesogenic medications was associated with increased BMI; use of one was associated with 13% increased odds of higher BMI (aOR [adjusted odds ratio] 1.14; 95%CI: 1.13-1.16; p < 0.001), use of three was associated with a 55% increase (aOR 1.55; 95%CI: 1.53-1.57; p < 0.001). Any use was associated with 6% lower odds of transplant listing (aHR [adjusted hazard ratio] 0.94; 95%CI: 0.92-0.96; p < 0.001). Within each BMI category, obesogenic medication use was associated with lower listing likelihood. CONCLUSIONS Obesogenic medication use is common in ESKD patients-particularly those with obesity-and is associated with lower listing likelihood. Whenever possible, non-obesogenic alternatives should be chosen for ESKD patients attempting weight loss to achieve transplant listing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak J. Orandi
- New York University Department of Surgery; New York, NY, USA
- New York University Department of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiting Li
- New York University Department of Surgery; New York, NY, USA
| | - Timur Seckin
- New York University Department of Surgery; New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunjae Bae
- New York University Department of Surgery; New York, NY, USA
| | - Bonnie E. Lonze
- New York University Department of Surgery; New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Holly Lofton
- New York University Department of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Akash Gujral
- New York University Department of Surgery; New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- New York University Department of Surgery; New York, NY, USA
- New York University Department of Population Health; New York, NY, USA
| | - Mara McAdams-DeMarco
- New York University Department of Surgery; New York, NY, USA
- New York University Department of Population Health; New York, NY, USA
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8
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Omidi F, Nasiri MJ, Sadeghi S. Impact of Obesity on Cardiac Volumes and Left Ventricular Diameter: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Iranian Heart Center. Adv Med 2024; 2024:7038875. [PMID: 38899165 PMCID: PMC11186677 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7038875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity, a pressing global health issue worldwide, contributes to risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, creating an unfavorable cardiovascular environment and increasing the likelihood of adverse cardiac events. His study aims to assess the impact of obesity on various cardiovascular parameters. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted at a Heart Center, focusing on adults admitted for suspected heart diseases. The dataset included information on demographics, clinical history, laboratory results, and echocardiography. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were employed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Results The study of 105 individuals with suspected heart diseases revealed prevalent health factors such as hypertension (47.6%) and hyperlipidemia (61%). Body mass index (BMI) averaged 30, indicating a trend toward overweight. Obesity significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP, p=0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, p=0.002), larger cardiac volumes (end-diastolic volume, EDV, p=0.013; end-systolic volume, ESV, p=0.040), and a marginally significant influence on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD, p=0.068). No significant associations were found with left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDS), heart rate (HR), or ejection fraction (EF). Conclusions Our study highlights a significant association between obesity and elevated blood pressure, larger cardiac volumes, and a marginal impact on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. While caution is needed in inferring causation due to the study's cross-sectional nature, these findings underscore the importance of addressing obesity as a potential risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Further investigations are warranted to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between obesity and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Omidi
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Sadeghi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Hao M, Lv Y, Liu S, Guo W. The New Challenge of Obesity - Obesity-Associated Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1957-1971. [PMID: 38737387 PMCID: PMC11086398 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s433649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, obesity has become one of the major diseases that affect human health and consume human health resources, especially when it causes comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Many studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease and can exacerbate the progression of end-stage renal disease. This review described the mechanisms associated with the development of obesity-associated nephropathy and the current relevant therapeutic modalities, with the aim of finding new therapeutic targets for obesity-associated nephropathy. The mechanisms of obesity-induced renal injury include, in addition to the traditional alterations in renal hemodynamics, the involvement of various mechanisms such as macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, alterations in adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and ectopic deposition of lipids. At present, there is no "point-to-point" treatment for obesity-induced kidney injury. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and bariatric surgery described in this review can reduce urinary protein to varying degrees and delay the progression of kidney disease. In addition, recent studies on the therapeutic effects of intestinal flora on obesity may reduce the incidence of obesity-related kidney disease from the perspective of primary prevention. Both of these interventions have their own advantages and disadvantages, so the continuous search for the mechanism of obesity-induced related kidney disease will be extremely helpful for the future treatment of obesity-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiying Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Wesołek-Leszczyńska A, Pastusiak K, Bogdański P, Szulińska M. Can Adipokine FAM19A5 Be a Biomarker of Metabolic Disorders? Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1651-1666. [PMID: 38616989 PMCID: PMC11016272 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s460226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim One of the most critical functions of adipose tissue is the production of adipokines, ie, numerous active substances that regulate metabolism. One is the newly discovered FAM19A5, whose older name is TAFA-5. Purpose The study aimed to review the literature on the FAM19A5 protein. Methods The review was conducted in December 2023 using the PubMed (Medline) search engine. Sixty-four papers were included in the review. Results This protein exhibits the characteristics of an adipokine with positive features for maintaining homeostasis. The results showed that FAM19A5 was highly expressed in adipose tissue, with mild to moderate expression in the brain and ovary. FAM19A5 may also inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through the perivascular adipose tissue paracrine pathway. Serum levels of FAM19A5 were decreased in obese children compared with healthy controls. There are negative correlations between FAM19A5, body mass index, and fasting insulin. Serum FAM19A5 level is correlated with type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, glutamic pyruvic transferase, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and mean shoulder pulse wave velocity. FAM19A5 expression was reduced in mice with obesity. However, the data available needs to be clarified or contradictory. Conclusion Considering today's knowledge about FAM19A5, we cannot consider this protein as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. According to current knowledge, FAM19A5 cannot be considered a marker of metabolic disorders because the results of studies conducted in this area are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wesołek-Leszczyńska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University Of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pastusiak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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11
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Li X, Ma W, Yang T, Wang C, Zhang W, Li H, Zhao T, Guo X. Higher intakes of lysine, threonine and valine are inversely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk: a community-based case-control study in the Chinese elderly. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2024; 13:191-197. [DOI: 10.26599/fshw.2022.9250016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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12
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Gulrandhe P, Kovela RK, Samal S. Effect of the Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Technique on Functional Capacity in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2023; 15:e42076. [PMID: 37601999 PMCID: PMC10434721 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with overweight and obesity (OW/OB) have poor performance in weight-bearing exercises, resulting in low functional capacity. The dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) technique was created to engage the core-postural chain in conjunction with the core muscles, generating enough intra-abdominal pressure to dynamically support the spine through muscular activity. DNS is a strategy that emphasizes the activation of the spine's intrinsic stabilizers, as well as proper breathing patterns, before any intended functional movement. The aim and objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the DNS technique on functional capacity in OW/OB individuals and to compare the effectiveness of the DNS and conventional approach. Methods The study recruited 100 individuals, who were separated into an experimental group (DNS technique) and a control group (conventional exercises), each with 50 participants. Outcome measures, including a six-minute walk test (SMW test) and body mass index (BMI), were taken pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results and discussion Based on the inclusion criteria of this study, the age group included was 20 to 25 years old. Pre- and post-treatment statistically significant changes were observed in the experimental and control groups in the BMI and SMW test. However, the BMI (kg/m2) was not statistically significant in the experimental group (t-value=-0.15, p=0.87) and control group (t-value=-0.22, p=0.82). Moreover, in the SMW test (meter), no statistical significance was found in the experimental group (t-value=-0.15, p=0.87) and control group (t-value=- 0.22, p=0.82). Conclusions Both groups are effective in increasing the functional capacity of obese and overweight individuals. The study indicates a strong need for further research into its long-term effectiveness in the OW/OB population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Gulrandhe
- Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Rakesh K Kovela
- Physiotherapy, Nitte Institute of Physiotherapy (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, IND
| | - Snehal Samal
- Neurophysiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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13
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Milutinovic S, Lazarevic S, Krstovic M, Bell A. A Call to Action: Hypertensive Crises, Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and Heart Failure in the Early Twenties. Cureus 2023; 15:e40156. [PMID: 37431356 PMCID: PMC10329565 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A 21-year-old obese male with multiple hypertensive crises was diagnosed with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), leading to heart failure due to uncontrolled hypertension and medication noncompliance. The patient's morbid obesity likely contributed to undiagnosed chronic hypertension, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Morbid obesity leads to increased interleukin-6 levels, promoting plaque accumulation and rupture. Obesity also triggers a pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic state, characterized by elevated levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and other cytokines. This inflammatory state contributes to atherosclerosis development and renders plaques more prone to rupture. Additionally, obesity has been shown to increase the size of coronary thrombosis once the plaque ruptures. Treating obesity is crucial for the patient's well-being and reduces the burden on healthcare systems and society. Establishing a strong physician-patient relationship is essential for motivating lifestyle modifications, which are often the primary treatment approach for obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Milutinovic
- Internal Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Cape Coral, USA
| | | | - Miljan Krstovic
- Digestive Surgery, University of Niš Faculty of Medicine, Niš, SRB
| | - Abraham Bell
- Internal Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Cape Coral, USA
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14
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Zhong Y, Chen X, Huang C, Chen Y, Zhao F, Hao R, Wang N, Liao W, Xia H, Yang L, Wang S, Sun G. The effects of a low carbohydrate diet combined with partial meal replacement on obese individuals. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:18. [PMID: 36997952 PMCID: PMC10064565 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the dietary effects of replacing normal dietary staple foods with supplementary nutritional protein powder, dietary fiber, and fish oil on several metabolic parameters. We examined weight loss, glucose and lipid metabolism, and intestinal flora in obese individuals when compared with individuals on a reduced staple food low carbohydrate diet. METHODS From inclusion and exclusion criteria, 99 participants (28 kg/m2 ≤ body mass index (BMI) ≤ 35 kg/m2) were recruited and randomly assigned to control and intervention 1 and 2 groups. Physical examinations and biochemical indices were performed/gathered before the intervention and at 4 and 13 weeks post intervention. After 13 weeks, feces was collected and 16s rDNA sequenced. RESULTS After 13 weeks, when compared with controls, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure values in intervention group 1 were significantly reduced. In intervention group 2, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly reduced. Triglyceride (TG) levels in both intervention groups were significantly reduced. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated albumin, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels in intervention group 1 were decreased, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) decreased slightly. Glycosylated albumin, TG, and total cholesterol levels in intervention group 2 decreased, while HDL-c decreased slightly, High sensitive C-reactive protein, MPO, Ox-LDL, LEP, TGF-β1, IL-6, GPLD1, pro NT, GPC-4, and LPS levels in both intervention groups were lower when compared with controls. Adiponectin (ADPN) levels in intervention groups were higher when compared with controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in intervention group 1 were lower when compared with controls. There is no obvious difference in α diversity and β diversity between intestinal flora of 3 groups. Among the first 10 species of Phylum, only the control group and the intervention group 2 had significantly higher Patescibacteria than the intervention group 1. Among the first 10 species of Genus, only the number of Agathobacter in intervention group 2 was significantly higher than that in control group and intervention group 1. CONCLUSIONS We showed that an LCD, where nutritional protein powder replaced some staple foods and dietary fiber and fish oil were simultaneously supplemented, significantly reduced weight and improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese individuals when compared with an LCD which reduced staple food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ximin Chen
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuexiao Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Health, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Runhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Niannian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
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15
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Cai J, Shao L, Zhao S, Liu W, Liu P. The effects of three weight management methods on body composition and serum lipids of overweight and obese people. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1073576. [PMID: 36570146 PMCID: PMC9773195 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1073576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide. Diet management is an important means of weight loss. The aim of this study was to explore the improvement effect of a calorie-restricted diet (CRD), 5 + 2 intermittent fasting (5 + 2 IF), and high protein diet (HPD) on weight composition and serum lipid level of overweight and obese people in a short period (3 months). Methods Fifty-three participants aged 18-60 years and with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 24 to 35 kg/m2 were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., CRD, 5 + 2 IF, and HPD. Basic information, body composition, and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after 3 months of intervention. Body composition was measured using a body composition analyzer (SK-V9), and serum lipids were assayed using the Roche Cobas e702 automatic biochemistry analysis system. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze and compare the repeated measurements of body composition and levels of serum lipids. Results The results showed that total weight, BMI, body fat mass, muscle mass, visceral fat index, and waist and hip circumferences had significantly decreased in all three groups after 3 months of intervention, and the average weight loss was 3.3 ± 1.14, 4.12 ± 0.05, and 2.62 ± 0.13 kg in CRD, 5 + 2 IF, and HPD groups, respectively. The results of the GEE model indicated that compared with the CRD group, the 5 + 2 IF group showed a more significant decrease in weight (β = -0.272, P < 0.001), BMI (β = -0.091, P < 0.001), body fat mass (β = -0.172, P < 0.001), muscle (β = -0.043, P < 0.001), and visceral fat index (β = -0.019, P < 0.001), however, HPD has more advantages in visceral fat index loss (β = -0.011, P < 0.001) and lean body mass preserve (β = 0.229, P < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings showed that the 5 + 2 IF may be more effective in reducing total weight and body fat, and HPD may be more helpful in preventing lean body mass loss during a short-term weight loss intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- Department of Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wen Liu,
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China,Peng Liu,
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16
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Yu B, Pan JB, Yu FY. The combination of nuclear receptor NR1D1 and ULK1 promotes mitophagy in adipocytes to ameliorate obesity. Adipocyte 2022; 11:202-212. [PMID: 35410572 PMCID: PMC9009922 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a severe disease worldwide. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) may be related to metabolic abnormalities in obese individuals, but the mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to investigate whether nuclear receptors NR1D1 and ULK1 influence obesity by affecting mitophagy. In vitro model was established by inducing 3T3-L1 cells differentiation. MTT was detected cell viability. ELISA was tested triglyceride (TG). Oil red O staining was performed to detect lipid droplets. Flow cytometry was measured mtROS. ChIP and Dual-luciferase reporter assay were verified NR1D1 bind to ULK1. LC3 level was detected by IF. After differentiation medium treatment, cell viability was decreased, TG content and lipid droplets were increased Moreover, NR1D1 expression was reduced in Model group. NR1D1 overexpression was increased cell viability, reduced TG content and lipid droplets. Subsequently, NR1D1 inhibited TOM20 and mtROS, whereas, Parkin and PINK1 were accelerated. NR1D1 overexpression facilitated LC3 expression, whereas ULK1 knockdown was reversed the effect of NR1D1 overexpression. Liensinine also reversed the effect of NR1D1 overexpression, that is, cell viability was reduced, mtROS, TG content and lipid droplets were increased. The combination of nuclear receptor NR1D1 and ULK1 promoted mitophagy in adipocytes to alleviate obesity, which provided new target and strategy for obesity treatment.Abbreviations: Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), triglyceride (TG), Uncoordinated-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone (DEX), short hairpin RNA ULK1 (sh-ULK1), wild-type (WT), mutant (MUT), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Immunofluorescence (IF), standard deviation (SD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of General Medicine, Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Pan
- Department of General Medicine, Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Yue Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Yueyang, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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17
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Wang K, Liang C, Cao W, Luo G, Zhong S, Zeng Z, Dai L, Song JL. Dietary sinapic acid attenuated high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in male Syrian hamsters. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14203. [PMID: 35470867 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of sinapic acid on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in male Syrian hamsters. Sinapic acid treatment significantly reduced body weight, epididymal fat, and perirenal fat mass in HFD hamsters. Sinapic acid also improved dyslipidemia levels (reducing the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increasing the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and increased T-AOC levels to mitigate oxidative stress injury. Moreover, sinapic acid intervention increased the activations of PPAR-γ, CPT-1, and CYP7A1 and decreased the activations of FAS, ACC1, SREBP1, SREBP2, and HMGCR in the livers of HFD hamsters. In addition, sinapic acid intervention also significantly inhibited the intestinal mRNA levels of Srebp2 and Npc1l1 in HFD hamsters. In conclusion, sinapic acid can significantly attenuate abnormal lipid metabolism in the development of HFD-induced obesity and reduce the level of oxidative stress to exert its anti-obesity effect. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Obesity is the main cause of some chronic metabolic syndromes, such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. Searching for new, safe, and effective natural products in weight loss and fat reduction has become one of the hot research topics. As a natural source of simple phenolic acids, sinapic acid is present in fruits, vegetables, and grains and has been indicated to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperuricemic, lipid homeostasis regulation, and anticancer activities. However, the lipid metabolism- and oxidative stress-regulating activities of sinapic acid are not clear. Here, the current study investigated the lipid metabolism and oxidative stress regulating activities of sinapic acid in male Syrian hamsters fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Chanhua Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Gao Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Pediatrics and Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya College of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Dai
- Center of Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposureomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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18
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Obesity in Primary Care: A Case of Endocrine-Associated Conditions. J Nurse Pract 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Luo S, Zhou L, Jiang X, Xia Y, Huang L, Ling R, Tang S, Zou Z, Chen C, Qiu J. Asparagus cochinchinensis alleviates disturbances of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obesity mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015005. [PMID: 36313282 PMCID: PMC9616603 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus cochinchinensis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that has anti-inflammatory ability and effectively regulates the dysbiosis within the body. Obesity is usually characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation with aberrant gut microbiota. However, the role of Asparagus cochinchinensis against obesity remains unknown. Therefore, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model with or without aqueous extract from Asparagus cochinchinensis root (ACE) treatment was established herein to determine whether ACE alleviated obesity and its involved mechanisms. Our results showed that ACE administration significantly decreased the weight gain and relieved dyslipidemia induced by HFD Treatment of ACE also improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese animal model, and remarkably decreased inflammation and lipogenesis in the liver and adipose. Moreover, administration of ACE significantly reshaped the gut microbiota of obese mice. These findings together suggest that ACE has beneficial effect against HFD-induced obesity and will provide valuable insights for the therapeutic potential of ACE against obesity and may aid in strategy-making for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Luo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lishuang Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Run Ling
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixin Tang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lu X, Jin Y, Li D, Zhang J, Han J, Li Y. Multidisciplinary Progress in Obesity Research. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1772. [PMID: 36292657 PMCID: PMC9601416 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that endangers human health. In recent years, the phenomenon of obesity has become more and more common, and it has become a global epidemic. Obesity is closely associated with many adverse metabolic changes and diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, nervous system diseases and some malignant tumors, which have caused a huge burden on the country's medical finance. In most countries of the world, the incidence of cancer caused by obesity is increasing year on year. Diabetes associated with obesity can lead to secondary neuropathy. How to treat obesity and its secondary diseases has become an urgent problem for patients, doctors and society. This article will summarize the multidisciplinary research on obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dexin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
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Wang H. Role of EZH2 in adipogenesis and obesity: Current state of the art and implications - A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30344. [PMID: 36086687 PMCID: PMC10980444 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of adiposity and has been implicated in a strong predisposition to metabolic disorders and cancer, constituting one of the major public health issues worldwide. The formation of new mature adipocytes through differentiation of progenitor or precursor cells during adipogenesis can lead to the expansion of adipose tissue. Recent studies have revealed that the intrinsic risk of obesity arises not only through genetic variants but also through epigenetic predisposition. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an enzymatic catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2 that acts as an epigenetic modulator in the regulation of gene expression. EZH2 can modulate the expression of its target genes by the trimethylation of Lys-27 in histone 3 or methylation of non-histone proteins. Emerging evidence has shown the important role played by EZH2 in adipogenesis and obesity. This review provides the latest knowledge about the involvement of EZH2 in the process of adipogenesis and obesity involving adipocyte differentiation, extract key concepts, and highlight open questions toward a better understanding of EZH2 function and the molecular mechanisms underlying obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Zhejiang Changzheng Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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22
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Abstract
Obesity rates continue to rise, resulting in a global epidemic that shows no sign of slowing down. Our understanding of this complex disease is also constantly evolving, requiring healthcare providers to stay up to date with best practices. The application of plant-based diets (PBDs) may hold the key to a successful weight-control strategy. PBD refers to any dietary pattern that emphasizes the consumption of plant foods while excluding the consumption of most or all animal products. The purpose of this mini-review is to report on the application of PBDs as a potential treatment for obesity. PBDs have also been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of other non-communicable diseases, such as the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Many of the reported RCTs were of short duration. Longer-term studies, as well as studies focusing on strict adherence to the PBD regime, are needed. PBD is a beneficial approach to improving health, particularly in obese patients. Benefits include weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, lower blood pressure, and improved glucose metabolism.
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Acosta FM, Perez de Arrilucea Le Floc’h UA, Riquelme-Gallego B, Merchan-Ramirez E, Xu H, De La Cruz-Márquez JC, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Llamas-Elvira JA, Triviño-Ibáñez EM, Segura-Carretero A, Ruiz JR. Dihydrocapsiate does not increase energy expenditure nor fat oxidation during aerobic exercise in men with overweight/obesity: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:417-436. [PMID: 35875695 PMCID: PMC9302013 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2099757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior evidence suggests that capsinoids ingestion may increase resting energy expenditure (EE) and fat oxidation (FATox), yet whether they can modulate those parameters during exercise conditions remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that dihydrocapsiate (DHC) ingestion would increase EE and specifically FATox during an acute bout of aerobic exercise at FATmax intensity (the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation during exercise [MFO]) in men with overweight/obesity. Since FATmax and MFO during aerobic exercise appear to be indicators of metabolic flexibility, whether DHC has an impact on FATox in this type of population is of clinical interest. Methods A total of 24 sedentary men (age = 40.2 ± 9.2 years-old; body mass index = 31.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2 [n = 11 overweight, n = 13 obese]) participated in this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT05156697). On the first day, participants underwent a submaximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine their MFO and FATmax intensity during exercise. After 72 hours had elapsed, the participants returned on 2 further days (≥ 72 hours apart) and performed a 60 min steady-state exercise bout (i.e. cycling at their FATmax, constant intensity) after ingesting either 12 mg of DHC or placebo; these conditions were randomized. Respiratory gas exchange was monitored by indirect calorimetry. Serum marker concentrations (i.e. glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), skin temperature, thermal perception, heart rate, and perceived fatigue) were assessed. Results There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between DHC and placebo conditions in the EE and FATox during exercise. Similarly, no significant changes were observed in glucose, triglycerides, or NEFAs serum levels, neither in the skin temperature nor thermal perception across conditions. Heart rate and perceived fatigue did not differ between conditions. Conclusions DHC supplementation does not affect energy metabolism during exercise in men with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, PROFITH “PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Acosta
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, PROFITH “PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Unai A. Perez de Arrilucea Le Floc’h
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, PROFITH “PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Blanca Riquelme-Gallego
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, PROFITH “PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, PROFITH “PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos De La Cruz-Márquez
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, PROFITH “PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, PROFITH “PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, EFFECTS-262 Research group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose A. Llamas-Elvira
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva M. Triviño-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Nuclear Medicine. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Science, PROFITH “PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Deng Y, Park A, Zhu L, Xie W, Pan CQ. Effect of semaglutide and liraglutide in individuals with obesity or overweight without diabetes: a systematic review. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221108064. [PMID: 35813188 PMCID: PMC9260566 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objective: Although data on the effects of liraglutide and semaglutide in patients with
diabetes have been reviewed, their therapeutic outcomes in obese/overweight
individuals without diabetes have not been summarized. We conducted a
systematic review to evaluate their effects on the latter population. Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CNKI, and Wanfang databases.
Studies regarding obese/overweight adults without diabetes treated with
liraglutide/semaglutide compared with other active agents or placebos were
accessed. The primary outcomes were the proportions of adults with at least
5% and 10% weight reduction. The secondary outcomes included metabolic
indicators and adverse events. Results: Eighteen studies with 10,938 obese/overweight adults without diabetes were
included. When stratified by the categories of at least 5% and 10% weight
loss, the pooled data showed medians 27.7% and 10.3% of control groups
versus 65.3% and 30.7% of liraglutide 3 mg once daily, respectively; whereas
medians 47.6% and 20.4% of control groups vs 86.6% and 75.3% of semaglutide
2.4 mg once weekly were found in the two categories, respectively. Both
agents either improved or had no impact on lipid or glycemia. Liraglutide or
semaglutide therapy had discontinuation rates of 2.4%–11.4% which overlapped
with 0.7%–8.6% in control groups. The frequency of adverse events was
comparable between the treatment groups and the control groups (66.5%–95.8%
vs 46.9%–96.1%), which were mild to moderate graded by studies. Conclusion: Liraglutide and semaglutide therapy led to a clinically relevant (⩾5%) weight
loss of 48.2%–88.7% among obese/overweight adults without diabetes. Both
liraglutide and semaglutide are associated with weight loss and are
well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Deng
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew Park
- Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan, Old Tappan, NJ, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Calvin Q Pan
- Center of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, China
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25
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Lu JH, Tong GX, Hu XY, Guo RF, Wang S. Construction and Evaluation of a Nomogram to Predict Gallstone Disease Based on Body Composition. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5947-5956. [PMID: 35811775 PMCID: PMC9258801 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s367642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-hui Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gen-xi Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Spleen Surgery, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-yun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Spleen Surgery, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-fang Guo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Rui-fang Guo, Department of Clinical Nutrition Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Spleen Surgery, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
- Shi Wang, Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Spleen Surgery; Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Kühnen P, Biebermann H, Wiegand S. Pharmacotherapy in Childhood Obesity. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:177-192. [PMID: 34351307 DOI: 10.1159/000518432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of obese children and adolescence is a major problem in health-care systems. Currently, the gold standard for the treatment of these patients with obesity is a multicomponent lifestyle intervention. Unfortunately, this strategy is not leading to a substantial and long-lasting weight loss in the majority of patients. This is the reason why there is an urgent need to establish new treatment strategies for children and adolescents with obesity to reduce the risk for the development of any comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases or diabetes mellitus type 2. SUMMARY In this review, we outline available pharmacological therapeutic options for children and compare the available study data with the outcome of conservative treatment approaches. KEY MESSAGES We discussed, in detail, how knowledge about underlying molecular mechanisms might support the identification of effective antiobesity drugs in the future and in which way this might modulate current treatment strategies to support children and adolescence with obesity to lose body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kühnen
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Wiegand
- Center for Social-Pediatric Care/Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Koriem KMM, Gad IB. Sinapic acid restores blood parameters, serum antioxidants, and liver and kidney functions in obesity. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:293-303. [PMID: 35673480 PMCID: PMC9167363 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an additional body fat that causes a harmful effect on human health while sinapic acid (SA) is a phyto-constituent presents in spices, citrus, berry fruits, and vegetables. This study evaluates SA to amend blood parameters, serum glucose, proteins, lipids, and antioxidants, and liver and kidney functions in obese rats. Thirty male albino rats were divided into 2 groups (normal and obese rats). The normal, non-obese rats subdivided into 2 subgroups; Control and SA (40 mg/kg) subgroup: daily oral intake of 1 ml saline and 40 mg/kg SA, respectively once a day. The obese rats subdivided also into 3 subgroups; Obese, Obese + SA (20 mg/kg), and Obese + SA (40 mg/kg)-treated groups which received no treatment, 20 mg/kg SA, and 40 mg/kg SA, respectively once a day. All treatments were orally administrated for 1 month. The results showed that obesity caused an increase in body and organ weight, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glucose, bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen while decrease serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, hemoglobin, hematocrite, red blood cells, white blood cells, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, and uric acid compared to control group. Obesity caused disappearance of prothrombin and fibrinogen proteins and damages to liver and kidney tissues. The oral administration with SA daily for 1 month in obese rats returned all these parameters to the control values where the higher dose of SA was more effective than the lower dose. In conclusion, SA restores body and organ weight, blood parameters, serum glucose, proteins, lipids, antioxidants, and liver and kidney functions in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. M. Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, P. O. Box 12622, Dokki, Cairo Egypt
| | - Islam B. Gad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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A Novel Approach of Determining the Risks for the Development of Hyperinsulinemia in the Children and Adolescent Population Using Radial Basis Function and Support Vector Machine Learning Algorithm. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050921. [PMID: 35628058 PMCID: PMC9141748 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is a condition with extremely high levels of insulin in the blood. Various factors can lead to hyperinsulinemia in children and adolescents. Puberty is a period of significant change in children and adolescents. They do not have to have explicit symptoms for prediabetes, and certain health indicators may indicate a risk of developing this problem. The scientific study is designed as a cross-sectional study. In total, 674 children and adolescents of school age from 12 to 17 years old participated in the research. They received a recommendation from a pediatrician to do an OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance test) with insulinemia at a regular systematic examination. In addition to factor analysis, the study of the influence of individual factors was tested using RBF (Radial Basis Function) and SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm. The obtained results indicated statistically significant differences in the values of the monitored variables between the experimental and control groups. The obtained results showed that the number of adolescents at risk is increasing, and, in the presented research, it was 17.4%. Factor analysis and verification of the SVM algorithm changed the percentage of each risk factor. In addition, unlike previous research, three groups of children and adolescents at low, medium, and high risk were identified. The degree of risk can be of great diagnostic value for adopting corrective measures to prevent this problem and developing potential complications, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and other mass non-communicable diseases. The SVM algorithm is expected to determine the most accurate and reliable influence of risk factors. Using factor analysis and verification using the SVM algorithm, they significantly indicate an accurate, precise, and timely identification of children and adolescents at risk of hyperinsulinemia, which is of great importance for improving their health potential, and the health of society as a whole.
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Marcantonio CC, Lopes MES, Mofatto LS, Salmon CR, Deschner J, Nociti-Junior FH, Cirelli JA, Nogueira AVB. Obesity affects the proteome profile of periodontal ligament submitted to mechanical forces induced by orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J Proteomics 2022; 263:104616. [PMID: 35595054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of obesity on the proteomic profile of periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues of rat first maxillary molars (1 M) submitted to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Ten Holtzman rats were distributed into two groups (n = 5): the M group (OTM), and the OM group (obesity induction plus OTM). Obesity was induced by a high-fat diet for the entire experimental periods After that period, the animals were euthanized and the hemimaxillae removed and processed for laser capture microdissection of the PDL tissues of the 1 M. Peptide extracts were obtained and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033647. Out of the 109 proteins with differential abundance, 49 were identified in the OM group, including Vinculin, Cathepsin D, and Osteopontin, which were selected for in situ localization by immunohistochemistry analysis (IHC). Overall, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that enriched proteins were related to the GO component cellular category. IHC validated the trends for selected proteins. Our study highlights the differences in the PDL proteome profiling of healthy and obese subjects undergoing OTM. These findings may provide valuable information needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in tissue remodeling in obese patients submitted to orthodontic treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Emerging findings in the field of dentistry suggest that obesity influences the tissues around the teeth, especially those in the periodontal ligament. Therefore, evaluation of the effect of obesity on periodontal tissues remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement is a relevant research topic. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate proteomic changes in periodontal ligament tissue in response to the association between orthodontic tooth movement and obesity. Our study identified a novel protein profile associated with obesity by using laser microdissection and proteomic analysis, providing new information to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in obese patients undergoing orthodontic treatment which can lead to a more personalized orthodontic treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Chierici Marcantonio
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Scordamaia Lopes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Souto Mofatto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ribeiro Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti-Junior
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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30
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Örs ED, Alkan ŞB, Öksüz A. Possible Effect of Astaxanthin on Obesity-related Increased COVID-19
Infection Morbidity and Mortality. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401317666211011105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Obesity is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a body mass index
equal to 30 kg/m2 or greater. It is an important and escalating global public health problem.
Obesity is known to cause low-grade chronic inflammation, increasing the burden of noncommunicable
and possibly communicable diseases. There is considerable evidence that obesity is
associated with an increased risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection
as well as significantly higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. It appears plausible
that controlling the chronic systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity may have
a positive impact on the symptoms and the prognosis of COVID-19 disease in obese patients.
Astaxanthin (ASTX) is a naturally occurring carotenoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
and immunomodulatory activities. As a nutraceutical agent, it is used as a preventative and a
co-treatment in a number of systemic neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.
This review article will discuss the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and the effect of
ASTX on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. The potential positive impact of ASTX anti-
inflammatory properties in obese COVID-19 patients will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Didem Örs
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şenay Burçin Alkan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Öksüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Li DD, Yang Y, Gao ZY, Zhao LH, Yang X, Xu F, Yu C, Zhang XL, Wang XQ, Wang LH, Su JB. Sedentary lifestyle and body composition in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:8. [PMID: 35033170 PMCID: PMC8760762 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition alterations may participate in the pathophysiological processes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A sedentary lifestyle may be responsible for alterations of body composition and adverse consequences, but on which body composition of patients with T2D and to what extent the sedentary lifestyle has an effect have been poorly investigated. METHODS We recruited 402 patients with T2D for this cross-sectional study. All patients received questionnaires to evaluate sedentary time and were further divided into three subgroups: low sedentary time (LST, < 4 h, n = 109), middle sedentary time (MST, 4-8 h, n = 129) and high sedentary time (HST, > 8 h, n = 164). Each patient underwent a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan to detect body composition, which included body fat percentage (B-FAT), trunk fat percentage (T-FAT), appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (LS-BMD), femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD), hip BMD (H-BMD) and total BMD (T-BMD). Other relevant clinical data were also collected. RESULTS With increasing sedentary time (from the LST to HST group), B-FAT and T-FAT were notably increased, while ASMI, LS-BMD, FN-BMD, H-BMD and T-BMD were decreased (p for trend < 0.01). After adjustment for other relevant clinical factors and with the LST group as the reference, the adjusted mean changes [B (95% CI)] in B-FAT, T-FAT, ASMI, LS-BMD, FN-BMD, H-BMD and T-BMD in the HST group were 2.011(1.014 to 3.008)%, 1.951(0.705 to 3.197)%, - 0.377(- 0.531 to - 0.223) kg/m2, - 0.083(- 0.124 to - 0.042) g/cm2, - 0.051(- 0.079 to - 0.024) g/cm2, - 0.059(- 0.087 to - 0.031) g/cm2 and - 0.060(- 0.088 to - 0.033) g/cm2, p < 0.01, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A sedentary lifestyle may independently account for increases in trunk and body fat percentage and decreases in appendicular skeletal muscle mass and BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, hip and total body in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zi-Yi Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiu-Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Jian-Bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 Haierxiang North Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Yang Y, Wang L, Liu J, Fu S, Zhou L, Wang Y. Obesity or increased body mass index and the risk of severe outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28499. [PMID: 35029905 PMCID: PMC8735775 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the effect of obesity or a high body mass index (BMI) on the risk of severe outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS Studies on the relationship between BMI or obesity and COVID-19 since December 2019. The odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the effect size. RESULTS BMI was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients with severe illness (WMD: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.42-1.93), who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) (WMD: 1.46; 95% CI: 0.96-1.97), who required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (WMD: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.05-4.35) and who died (WMD: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.02-1.80). In Western countries, obesity (BMI of ≥30 kg/m2) increased the risk of hospitalization (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.22-3.54), admission to an ICU (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.29-1.84), need for IMV (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.38-2.17), and mortality (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.17-1.74) of patients with COVID-19. In the Asian population, obesity (BMI of ≥28 kg/m2) increased the risk of severe illness (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.83-5.38). Compared with patients with COVID-19 and a BMI of <25 kg/m2, those with a BMI of 25-30 kg/m2 and ≥30 kg/m2 had a higher risk of need for IMV (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.30-3.69 and OR: 3.04; 95% CI: 1.76-5.28, respectively). The risk of ICU admission in patients with COVID-19 and a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 was significantly higher than in those with a BMI of 25-30 kg/m2 (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.00-2.21). CONCLUSION As BMI increased, the risks of hospitalization, ICU admission, and need for IMV increased, especially in COVID-19 patients with obesity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review and meta-analysis does not require an ethics approval as it does not collect any primary data from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Liting Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Songbo Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
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Franzago M, Di Nicola M, Fraticelli F, Marchioni M, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Nutrigenetic variants and response to diet/lifestyle intervention in obese subjects: a pilot study. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:69-81. [PMID: 34480216 PMCID: PMC8758637 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nutritional and lifestyle interventions can contribute to prevent and treat obesity and its complications; however, genetic background may influence the success of a therapy. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the effects of the interaction between nutrigenetic variants and nutritional intervention, as well as the changes in clinical parameters and the adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and to physical activity, of 18 overweight or obese subjects affected by T2D or dysglycemia included in a nutritional program. METHODS The subjects' clinical parameters as well as their PREDIMED score and physical activity levels were recorded and compared at baseline, at 6 months and at the end of the intervention. Rs9939609 in FTO, rs17782313 near MC4R, rs326 in LPL, rs16147 in NPY, rs2943641 near IRS-1 were genotyped. RESULTS The subjects carrying the A allele in FTO lost less weight (p = 0.022) and had a lower BMI decrease from baseline to 12 months (p-interaction = 0.047) than TT carriers. In addition, there was a significant PREDIMED score modification over time, according to genotypes for FTO rs9939609 (p = 0.025) and NPY rs16147 (p = 0.039), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings show a significant interaction between genetic variants and the PREDIMED score, suggesting that individuals carrying the FTO variant may lose less weight than non-carriers through diet/lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Fraticelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Lang YY, Xu XY, Liu YL, Ye CF, Hu N, Yao Q, Cheng WS, Cheng ZG, Liu Y. Ghrelin Relieves Obesity-Induced Myocardial Injury by Regulating the Epigenetic Suppression of miR-196b Mediated by lncRNA HOTAIR. Obes Facts 2022; 15:540-549. [PMID: 35294947 PMCID: PMC9421679 DOI: 10.1159/000523870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity has been believed to be closely linked with many kinds of diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension, cerebrovascular thrombosis, and diabetes. Ghrelin and Homeobox transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) were believed to be involved in the regulation of myocardial injury. METHODS The obesity mice model was established through feeding mice (C57BL/6J, male, eight-week-old) with high-fat diet and palmitate (PA)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. RNA and protein levels were detected with Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. The levels of TG, TCH, LDL, CK-MB, cTnl, and BNP in the serum or cell medium supernatant were measured using ELISA kits. The ROS level was detected with the DCFH-DA method. Binding sites between different targets were identified using detection of dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to detect the binding of DNMT3B with HOTAIR or miR-196b promoter. RESULTS The expression of HOTAIR was downregulated, and miR-196b was upregulated in the obese myocardial injury. Ghrelin attenuated PA-induced cardiomyocyte injury by increasing HOTAIR. HOTAIR regulated the expression of miR-196b by recruiting DNMT3B to induce methylation of the miR-196b gene promoter. The binding site between miR-196b and IGF-1 was identified. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ghrelin attenuated PA-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating the HOTAIR/miR-196b/IGF-1 signaling pathway. Our findings might provide novel thought for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced myocardial injury by targeting HOTAIR/miR-196b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Lang
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin-Yue Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chun-Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Shu Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zu-Gen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Yang Liu,
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Play vs exergaming: A conceptual Analysis as to why exergaming is not play. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.1015139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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de Sousa ART, Freitas Junior WR, Perez EA, Ilias EJ, Silva AS, Alves VLS, Afonso JPR, Oliveira MC, Fonseca AL, da Silva MM, Lino MEM, Oliveira Junior MC, Vieira RP, Pedro WJS, Bachi ALL, Insalaco G, Malheiros CA, Oliveira LVF. Surgery for Obesity and Weight-Related Diseases Changes the Inflammatory Profile in Women with Severe Obesity: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Obes Surg 2021; 31:5224-5236. [PMID: 34554379 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Obesity increases significantly every year worldwide. Since 1980, the prevalence of individuals with obesity has practically doubled. Obesity plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diseases that arise from a complex interaction of nutritional, genetic, and metabolic factors, characterizing a chronic inflammatory state. This study aimed to verify the systemic inflammatory response through the analysis of IGF-1, IL-23, and resistin levels and the lipid profile in severely obese women undergoing surgery for obesity and weight-related diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial includes female patients clinically diagnosed with severe obesity with an indication for bariatric surgery. RESULTS In the initial evaluation, no significant difference was observed between the control (CG) and bariatric surgery (BSG) groups. The weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, total non-HDL cholesterol, and glucose in BSG patients showed a significant change after surgery. Pre- and post-surgery levels of resistin, IGF-1, and IL-23 showed a significant difference in the BSG group, but only IL-23 was changed after 6 months in the CG. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirmed that weight loss induced by surgery for obesity and weight-related diseases improved the lipid profile and reduced the chronic inflammatory status in women with severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Araujo Perez
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, 01221-010, Brazil
| | - Elias Jirjoss Ilias
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, 01221-010, Brazil
| | - Anderson Soares Silva
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, 01221-010, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Santos Alves
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, 01221-010, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Ribeiro Afonso
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post-Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Miriã Cândida Oliveira
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post-Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Adriano Luís Fonseca
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post-Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Marcos Mota da Silva
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post-Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Moreira Lino
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post-Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
| | - Manoel Carneiro Oliveira Junior
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-520, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-520, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Wilson José Sena Pedro
- Clínica de Gastroenterologia e Medicina Avançada (GASTROMED), Anápolis, GO, 75080-620, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-520, Brazil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04021-001, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, 04743-030, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Insalaco
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlos Alberto Malheiros
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, 01221-010, Brazil
| | - Luis Vicente Franco Oliveira
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, 01221-010, Brazil.
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation Post-Graduation Program, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEVANGELICA), Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil.
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Abstract
Obesity is the most significant risk factor for the development of diabetes. Both obesity and diabetes rates have continued to increase in tandem and pose increased mortality for patients and increased health care costs for the community. Weight loss of 5% or more of total body weight renders improvements in glycemic control, decreases in the need for diabetes medications, and improved quality of life. Cotreatment of obesity and diabetes requires a comprehensive medical approach that encompasses intensive lifestyle modification including behavioral changes, nutrition, and physical activity, as well as pharmacotherapy and possible surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Aras
- Division of Endocrinology at Weill Cornell Medicine, Comprehensive Weight Control Center, 1165 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Beverly G Tchang
- Division of Endocrinology at Weill Cornell Medicine, Comprehensive Weight Control Center, 1165 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joy Pape
- Division of Endocrinology at Weill Cornell Medicine, Comprehensive Weight Control Center, 1165 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Perdoncin M, Konrad A, Wyner JR, Lohana S, Pillai SS, Pereira DG, Lakhani HV, Sodhi K. A Review of miRNAs as Biomarkers and Effect of Dietary Modulation in Obesity Associated Cognitive Decline and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:756499. [PMID: 34690698 PMCID: PMC8529023 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.756499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that the crosstalk between adipose tissue and central nervous system (CNS), through cellular mediators and signaling pathways, may causally link obesity with cognitive decline and give rise to neurodegenerative disorders. Several mechanisms have been proposed in obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, altered lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, which may result in neuroinflammation, altered brain insulin signaling, amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and neuronal cell death. Since obesity is associated with functional and morphological alterations in the adipose tissues, the resulting peripheral immune response augments the development and progression of cognitive decline and increases susceptibility of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Studies have also elucidated an important role of high fat diet in the exacerbation of these clinical conditions. However, the underlying factors that propel and sustain this obesity associated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, remains highly elusive. Moreover, the mechanisms linking these phenomena are not well-understood. The cumulative line of evidence have demonstrated an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and transcriptional changes, as biomarkers of pathophysiological conditions. Despite the lack of utility in current clinical practices, miRNAs have been shown to be highly specific and sensitive to the clinical condition being studied. Based on these observations, this review aims to assess the role of several miRNAs and aim to elucidate underlying mechanisms that link obesity with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, this review will also provide evidence for the effect of dietary modulation which can potentially ameliorate cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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Rusek W, Adamczyk M, Baran J, Leszczak J, Inglot G, Baran R, Pop T. Is There a Link between Balance and Body Mass Composition in Children and Adolescents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910449. [PMID: 34639749 PMCID: PMC8507937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
School-age children are particularly prone to disturbances in body composition, because this is a period of intensive growth and a period in which correct habits are shaped, especially in relation to diet. This is why it is so important to diagnose emerging disorders early so as to implement therapeutic or educational activities. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the factors of body mass composition and body mass index (BMI), as well as the balance parameters in children and adolescents. The study group consisted of 1137 children aged 7 to 15. There were 559 girls and 578 boys among the subjects. The study used the Tanita 780 body mass composition analyser and the Zebris stabilometric platform. It was found that girls were characterized by a significantly higher content of adipose tissue (24.37% vs. 20.45%), while boys were characterized by a higher content of lean tissue (32.99% vs. 30.43%), muscle tissue (31.23% vs. 28.86%) and water (24.15% vs. 22.28%). Interestingly, the girls had better balance than their peers in all analyzed parameters (COF TTL.-616.72 vs. 661.50; CEArea-73.63 vs. 112.24; COF HD-3.44 vs. 4.23; COF VD-4.52 vs. 5.12). It turned out that among children in adolescence, a higher adipose tissue content and a higher BMI correlated with a smaller surface area (p < 0.05) defined by the center of gravity and smaller deviations of the center of gravity in the horizontal plane (p < 0.05). Sex and adolescence play an important role in differentiating both body composition and body balance. The results of this study allow us to conclude that children with higher BMI values have better balance. Due to the fact that these conclusions are inconsistent with those of other researchers, it will be worth continuing the research (e.g., on a different population group) in order to confirm the results and to draw far-reaching conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Rusek
- Rehabilitation Centre Rehamed-Center Sp. z o.o., 36-002 Tajęcina, Poland;
| | - Marzena Adamczyk
- Rehabilitation Centre Rehamed-Center Sp. z o.o., 36-002 Tajęcina, Poland;
- RehaKlinika Sp. z o.o., 36-021 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Baran
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-315 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.B.); (J.L.); (T.P.)
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Leszczak
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-315 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.B.); (J.L.); (T.P.)
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Inglot
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-315 Rzeszów, Poland;
- Individual Medical Practice Grzegorz Inglot, 36-060 Glogow Malopolski, Poland
| | - Rafał Baran
- Solution-Statistical Analysis, 35-120 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Teresa Pop
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-315 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.B.); (J.L.); (T.P.)
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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40
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Guerra JVS, Dias MMG, Brilhante AJVC, Terra MF, García-Arévalo M, Figueira ACM. Multifactorial Basis and Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolism-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082830. [PMID: 34444990 PMCID: PMC8398524 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, has been increasing worldwide. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns, along with genetic conditions, are the main factors that modulate the metabolism of individuals, leading to the development of NCDs. Obesity, diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classified in this group of chronic diseases. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of these diseases leads us to develop more accurate and effective treatments to reduce or mitigate their prevalence in the population. Given the global relevance of NCDs and ongoing research progress, this article reviews the current understanding about NCDs and their related risk factors, with a focus on obesity, diabetes, MAFLD, and CVDs, summarizing the knowledge about their pathophysiology and highlighting the currently available and emerging therapeutic strategies, especially pharmacological interventions. All of these diseases play an important role in the contamination by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as in the progression and severity of the symptoms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we briefly explore the relationship between NCDs and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. S. Guerra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marieli M. G. Dias
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Anna J. V. C. Brilhante
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Maiara F. Terra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Marta García-Arévalo
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina M. Figueira
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
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41
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Taherkhani S, Suzuki K, Ruhee RT. A Brief Overview of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue with a Therapeutic Approach to Taking Antioxidant Supplements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:594. [PMID: 33924341 PMCID: PMC8069597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of obesity associated with oxidative stress (OS) is excessive consumption of nutrients, especially fast-foods, and a sedentary lifestyle, characterized by the ample accumulation of lipid in adipose tissue (AT). When the body needs energy, the lipid is broken down into glycerol (G) and free fatty acids (FFA) during the lipolysis process and transferred to various tissues in the body. Materials secreted from AT, especially adipocytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), are impressive in causing inflammation and OS of AT. There are several ways to improve obesity, but researchers have highly regarded the use of antioxidant supplements due to their neutralizing properties in removing ROS. In this review, we have examined the AT response to OS to antioxidant supplements focusing on animal studies. The results are inconsistent due to differences in the study duration and diversity in animals (strain, age, and sex). Therefore, there is a need for different studies, especially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Taherkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Ruheea Taskin Ruhee
- Gradute School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
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Lanthier L, Langlois MF, Plourde MÉ, Cauchon M. [For obese patients or for patients who are overweight and have an associated comorbidity, how safe and effective is semaglutide as compared with placebo as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention for reducing body weight and other related end points?]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 42:369-370. [PMID: 33838950 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.03.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lanthier
- Service de médecine interne générale, département de médecine spécialisé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - M-F Langlois
- Service d'endocrinologie, département de médecine spécialisé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - M-É Plourde
- Service de radio-oncologie, département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - M Cauchon
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d'urgence, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Gessani S, Belardelli F. Type I Interferons as Joint Regulators of Tumor Growth and Obesity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020196. [PMID: 33430520 PMCID: PMC7827047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The escalating global epidemic of overweight and obesity is a major public health and economic problem, as excess body weight represents a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases including cancer. Despite the strong scientific evidence for a link between obesity and cancer, the mechanisms involved in this interplay have not yet been fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of type I interferons, a family of antiviral cytokines with key roles in the regulation of both obesity and cancer, highlighting how the dysregulation of the interferon system can differently affect these pathological conditions. Abstract Type I interferons (IFN-I) are antiviral cytokines endowed with multiple biological actions, including antitumor activity. Studies in mouse models and cancer patients support the concept that endogenous IFN-I play important roles in the control of tumor development and growth as well as in response to several chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatments. While IFN-I signatures in the tumor microenvironment are often considered as biomarkers for a good prognostic response to antitumor therapies, prolonged IFN-I signaling can lead to immune dysfunction, thereby promoting pathogen or tumor persistence, thus revealing the “Janus face” of these cytokines in cancer control, likely depending on timing, tissue microenvironment and cumulative levels of IFN-I signals. Likewise, IFN-I exhibit different and even opposite effects on obesity, a pathologic condition linked to cancer development and growth. As an example, evidence obtained in mouse models shows that localized expression of IFN-I in the adipose tissue results in inhibition of diet–induced obesity, while hyper-production of these cytokines by specialized cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the same tissue, can induce systemic inflammatory responses leading to obesity. Further studies in mouse models and humans should reveal the mechanisms by which IFN-I can regulate both tumor growth and obesity and to understand the role of factors such as genetic background, diet and microbioma in shaping the production and action of these cytokines under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (F.B.)
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Hammoud SH, AlZaim I, Al-Dhaheri Y, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Perirenal Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Novel Insights Linking Metabolic Dysfunction to Renal Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:707126. [PMID: 34408726 PMCID: PMC8366229 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.707126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy adipose tissue (AT) is indispensable to human wellbeing. Among other roles, it contributes to energy homeostasis and provides insulation for internal organs. Adipocytes were previously thought to be a passive store of excess calories, however this view evolved to include an endocrine role. Adipose tissue was shown to synthesize and secrete adipokines that are pertinent to glucose and lipid homeostasis, as well as inflammation. Importantly, the obesity-induced adipose tissue expansion stimulates a plethora of signals capable of triggering an inflammatory response. These inflammatory manifestations of obese AT have been linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, and proposed to evoke obesity-induced comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A growing body of evidence suggests that metabolic disorders, characterized by AT inflammation and accumulation around organs may eventually induce organ dysfunction through a direct local mechanism. Interestingly, perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), surrounding the kidney, influences renal function and metabolism. In this regard, PRAT emerged as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is even correlated with CVD. Here, we review the available evidence on the impact of PRAT alteration in different metabolic states on the renal and cardiovascular function. We present a broad overview of novel insights linking cardiovascular derangements and CKD with a focus on metabolic disorders affecting PRAT. We also argue that the confluence among these pathways may open several perspectives for future pharmacological therapies against CKD and CVD possibly by modulating PRAT immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa H. Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Departmment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yusra Al-Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, Qatar University (QU) Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed F. El-Yazbi,
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