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Al-Farhan BS, Saleh SF, Batubara AS, Hassan DA, Maslamani N, Bukhary DM, Hamad AA. Facile Incorporation of the Trioxosulfate Ion Preservative as a Novel Sulfonated Isoindole Fluorescent Marker for Sustainable Determination of an Antidiabetic Alogliptin Drug; Method's Sustainability Evaluation. LUMINESCENCE 2025; 40:e70100. [PMID: 39930649 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
The proposed study uses a special procedure to verify that an analyte assessment operation is sustainable and environmentally friendly. When the targeted analyte molecule (alogliptin drug, ALT) lacks chromophoric or fluorogenic groups, it cannot be analyzed without marking or structural amendment. The obeyed phenomenon (marking process) could be achieved via fluorescence probing or marking using tagging agents. An innovative reagent pair consisting of trioxosulfate ion and o-Phthaldialdehyde (OPD) is used in the described analytical approach. This reagent is used to build a novel fluorescent nucleus and can be detected using the developed fluorimetric approach. ALT's amino moiety could condense trioxosulfate/OPD. This study presents a new, facile, green, sustainable fluorometric assay of the ALT drug. The product's response is linear at 50.00-800.00 ng mL-1 concentration range (LOD = 15.74 and LOQ = 47.69 ng mL-1). The method validation was considered following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) recommendations. The planned probe was applied to the crude powder and dose forms, and excipients had no influence. The planned analytical procedure is identified as sustainable and white by the WAC (White Analytical Chemistry) indications following the Green/Red/Blue (RGB 12) pattern. Additionally, new tools (BAGI and GSST) were applied to the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safaa F Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalin A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujud Maslamani
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Engineering and Technology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deena Mohammed Bukhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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2
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Arabaci B, Yerlikaya F, Basci Akduman NE. A Novel Method for Development and Validation of the Degradation Products Analysis of N-Carbamylglutamate with UHPLC by Using Design of Experiment Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:40346-40357. [PMID: 39372016 PMCID: PMC11447722 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Carglumic acid, also known as N-carbamyl-l-glutamic acid, is a medication used in the treatment of a rare genetic disorder called N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency. To the authors' knowledge, there was no method reported in the literature for the determination of degradation products suitable for quality control analyses of carglumic acid. Thus, the aim of the presented study is to develop an impurity method with a UHPLC/DAD detector configuration compatible with industrial standards from the European Pharmacopeia and the United States Pharmacopeia, making the drug more accessible for developing and underdeveloped countries through its precise evaluation. The method involved the separation of carglumic acid and its degradation products using a reverse-phase C18 column (Waters, BEH 150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) at a flow rate of 0.39 mL/min with a stop time of 10 min. To separate all unknown and known impurities, a gradient elution (phosphate buffer, pH 2.4, and acetonitrile) system was used. The detection was performed at 214 nm. Forced degradation studies were conducted under different stress conditions, including acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic stress. Placket-Burman statistical experimental design was used to demonstrate the robustness of this method, and the suitability of the method was confirmed under the applied conditions. Box-Behnken design was used to provide the optimum resolution between the peaks determined to be critical during the optimization. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.7 and 0.15 μg/mL for carglumic acid, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Arabaci
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Türkiye
- Elixir
Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Fırat Yerlikaya
- Elixir
Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara 06520, Türkiye
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3
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Jankech T, Gerhardtova I, Stefanik O, Chalova P, Jampilek J, Majerova P, Kovac A, Piestansky J. Current green capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography methods for analysis of pharmaceutical and biomedical samples (2019-2023) - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1323:342889. [PMID: 39182966 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Separation analytical methods, including liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), in combination with an appropriate detection technique, are dominant and powerful approaches preferred in the analysis of pharmaceutical and biomedical samples. Recent trends in analytical methods are focused on activities that push them to the field of greenness and sustainability. New approaches based on the implementation of greener solvents, non-hazardous chemicals, and reagents have grown exponentially. Similarly, recent trends are pushed in to the strategies based on miniaturization, reduction of wastes, avoiding derivatization procedures, or reduction of energy consumption. However, the real greenness of the analytical method can be evaluated only according to an objective and sufficient metric offering complex results taking into account all twelve rules of green analytical chemistry (SIGNIFICANCE mnemonic system). This review provides an extensive overview of papers published in the area of development of green LC and CE methods in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis over the last 5 years (2019-2023). The main focus is situated on the metrics used for greenness evaluation of the methods applied for the determination of bioactive agents. It critically evaluates and compares the demands of the real applicability of the methods in quality control and clinical environment with the requirements of the green analytical chemistry (GAC). Greenness and practicality of the summarized methods are re-evaluated or newly evaluated with the use of the dominant metrics tools, i.e., Analytical GREEnness (AGREE), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), and Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS). Moreover, general conclusions and future perspectives of the greening procedures and greenness evaluation metrics systems are presented. This paper should provide comprehensive information to analytical chemists, biochemists, and it can also represent a valuable source of information for clinicians, biomedical or quality control laboratories interested in development of analytical methods based on greenness, practicality, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotej Jankech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-845 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Gerhardtova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-845 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ondrej Stefanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Chalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-845 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-845 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovicova 6, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-845 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-845 45, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Gupta P, Sharma S, Gupta A, Kawish SM, Iqbal M, Rahman S, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y. Development and Validation of a Robust RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Exemestane and Thymoquinone and Its Application to Lipid-Based Nanoformulations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30120-30130. [PMID: 39035924 PMCID: PMC11256079 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The present study describes the development and validation of a simple and rapid HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of exemestane and thymoquinone. The separation of both compounds was performed on a 5 μ C-18 column utilizing phase A as water/methanol (45:5 v/v) and phase B as acetonitrile (50 v/v) (total ratio of A/B = 40:60 v/v) in isocratic elution mode as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Further, the Box-Behnken design was used for optimizing the analytical method. The proposed method was validated for various parameters, and all parameters were found to be within an acceptable range. The simultaneous detection of both drugs was monitored at 243 nm with a retention time of 5.73 and 6.93 min, respectively. Moreover, the forced degradation studies were conducted under various stress conditions, and the relevance of the validated RP-HPLC method was further explored for the estimation of drugs from lipid-based nanoformulation. Taken together, the study construed the development of an efficient and robust method that could be used for the quantification of these agents in various in vitro as well as in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shwetakshi Sharma
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Annie Gupta
- Amity
Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. M. Kawish
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Muzaffar Iqbal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakilur Rahman
- Department
of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birgmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Lloyd
Institute
of Management and Technology (Pharm.), Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Champati BB, Das PK, Sahoo C, Ray A, Jena S, Sahoo A, Nayak S, Lata S, Panda PC. Chemical fingerprinting and multicomponent quantitative analysis for quality control of Cinnamomum tamala collected from Western Himalaya by HPLC-DAD. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30361. [PMID: 38737243 PMCID: PMC11088263 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum tamala, commonly known as "Indian bay leaf" or "Tejpat", is an economically important plant widely used in medicine, food and cosmetic industries. Growing demand for its leaf and bark in the herbal trade and non-availability of quality materials lead to large-scale species admixture and adulteration in the global market. The present study aims at developing a validated HPLC-DAD (High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection) method and multiple markers-based chemical fingerprints for quality evaluation of C. tamala leaf extracts. Five bioactive compounds, viz., coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl acetate, were identified and quantified in 28 samples collected from the western Himalayan region of India. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Shimadzu Shimpak C18 column (dimension 250 × 4.6 mm, pore size 5 μm) with a gradient elution of mobile phase using acetonitrile and 0.1 percent phosphate buffer and the chromatograms were obtained at a wavelength of 265 nm. The method validation was done by analyzing the linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, stability, repeatability and recovery rates of standard compounds for quantitative analysis. The values of coefficient of correlation (R2) were found to be close to 1 for linearity and similarity analysis; and standard deviation was less than 3 percent in case of precision, stability, repeatability and recovery rates. The content of target compounds such as coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl acetate varied in the range of 0-1.09, 0-0.05, 0.07-0.51, 0.39-1.27 and 0-0.27 percent, respectively. In the chemical fingerprint of C. tamala leaves, a total of 13 peaks were assigned as common peaks. The results of the study indicated that the HPLC method now developed combining chemical fingerprint with quantification of analytes could serve as a useful tool for quality evaluation of herbal raw materials of C. tamala and a valuable reference for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Bhusan Champati
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Chiranjibi Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Asit Ray
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Sudipta Jena
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Ambika Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Swaran Lata
- ICFRE-Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Panthaghati, Shimla, 171 013, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pratap Chandra Panda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
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6
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Mozayad AN, Fouad MA, Elkady EF. Utilizing experimental design and desirability function in optimizing RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of some skeletal muscle relaxants and analgesics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10360. [PMID: 38710733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
An experimental design and response surface methodologies using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs were applied for selecting and optimizing the most appropriate parameters which significantly affect the separation and quantitative estimation of five skeletal muscle relaxants and four analgesic drugs (baclofen, methocarbamol, dantrolene sodium, orphenadrine citrate, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, ketoprofen, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid) with a relatively short duration of analysis in a single run. For the separation of the nine drugs, an INERTSIL ODS-V3-5 µm C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm I.D.) was used with the optimum mobile phase conditions (45.15 mM ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.56 adjusted with acetic acid, acetonitrile, and methanol in a ratio of 30.5:29.5:40, v/v/v with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min) and UV-detection at 220 nm. The optimized method was successfully subjected to the validation steps as described in ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity. The optimized and validated method was effectively applied to determine the content of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations and to expand its applicability to the counterfeit estimation of etoricoxib in different brands of tablet dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub N Mozayad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Marwa A Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ehab F Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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7
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Liu Y, Xing J, Bi X, Shen J, Zhang S, Xu X, Mao L, Lou Y, Wu X, Mu Y. A novel and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 6 low-calorie bulk sweeteners by HPLC-ELSD. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124008. [PMID: 38244427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
A novel and sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of six low-calorie bulk sweeteners (D-allulose, D-tagatose, D-mannitol, mycose, palatinose, and erythritol) without derivatisation was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). Chromatographic separations were carried out on a Zorbax Original NH2 (5 μm particle size, 250 mm×4.60 mm id, 70 Å) column with flow rate gradient elution with acetonitrile: water (80:20, v/v). Drift tube temperature was set at 50 ℃, the nebuliser carrier gas flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and nitrogen pressure was regulated to 276 kPa with gain:3. The regression equation showed good linearity (R2 = 0.9985-0.9998) for all six low-calorie bulk sweeteners in the tested range (0.060-0.60 mg·mL-1). The limits of detection (LOD) for the six low-calorie bulk sweeteners ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 mg·mL-1. The proposed HPLC-ELSD method was validated for the quantification of the low-calorie bulk sweeteners in 14 types of foods, and the results were satisfactory. In addition, the results showed that the number of sweeteners in each food product varied. The presence of multiple low-calorie bulk sweeteners in certain foods is interesting. This method is successful in monitoring low-calorie bulk sweeteners in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China; Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, PR China
| | - Jiali Xing
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Bi
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, PR China
| | - Jian Shen
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, PR China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Xu
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, PR China
| | - Lingyan Mao
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fibre Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, PR China
| | - Yongjiang Lou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Xi Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Yinghua Mu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
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8
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Gamal Fawzy M, Kamel EB. Sustainable Stability-Indicating spectra manipulations for the concurrent quantification of a novel Anti-COVID-19 drug and its active Metabolite: Green profile assessment. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 300:122911. [PMID: 37267836 PMCID: PMC10207842 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Millions of individuals have lost their lives and changed their routines as a direct consequence of exposure to the coronavirus (Covid-19). Molnupiravir (MOL) is an orally bioavailable tiny molecule antiviral prodrug that is effective for curing the coronavirus that produces serious acute respiratory disorder (SARS-CoV-2). Fully green-assessed stability-indicating simple spectrophotometric methods have been developed and fully validated as per ICH criteria. The potential impact of degradation products of drug components on the safety and efficacy of a medication's shelf life is likely to be negligible. The field of pharmaceutical analysis necessitates various stability testing under different conditions. The conduct of such inquiries affords the prospect of predicting the most probable routes of degradation and ascertaining the inherent stability characteristics of the active drugs. Consequently, a surge in demand arose for the creation of an analytical methodology that could consistently measure the degradation products and/or impurities that may be present in pharmaceuticals. Herein, five smart and simple spectrophotometric data manipulation techniques have been produced for the concurrent estimation of MOL and its active metabolite as its possible acid degradation product namely; N-hydroxycytidine (NHC). Structure confirmation of NHC build-up through IR, MS and NMR analyses. All current techniques verified linearity ranging from 10 to 150 μg/ml and 10-60 μg/ml for MOL and NHC, respectively. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were in the range of 4.21-9.59 μg/ml, while the limit of detection (LOD) values were ranging from 1.38 - 3.16 μg/ml. The current methods were evaluated in terms of greenness by four assessing methods and confirmed to be green. The significant novelty of these methods depends on their being the first environmentally soundness stability-indicating spectrophotometric approaches for the concurrent estimation of MOL and its active metabolite, NHC. Also, the preparation of purified NHC delivers significant cost savings, instead of purchasing an expensive ingredient. These smart methods were utilized for analyzing the pharmaceutical dosage form which may be of great benefit to the pharmaceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gamal Fawzy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ebraam B Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
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Mohamed MA. An Effective Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Antidiabetic Drugs Alogliptin Benzoate and Pioglitazone HCl in Their Tablet Dosage Form: Implementation to In vitro Dissolution Studies and Uniformity of Dosage Unit. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:705-716. [PMID: 35876214 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In patients with Type 2 diabetes, a combination of Alogliptin and Pioglitazone medications, together with diet and physical activity, are used to improve glycemic control. Eco-friendly, cost-effective, and precise stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the identification and quantification of Alogliptin and Pioglitazone in their tablet dosage form, as well as implementation to in vitro dissolution studies and uniformity of dosage unit. Isocratic separation is conducted at ambient temperature on the InertSustain C18 Analytical Column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using mobile phase comprising 50 mM of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 5.0 mM of heptane sulfonic acid:acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/minute. Calibration curves are conducted in the linearity range of 1-40 μg/mL of Alogliptin and 2.5-75 μg/mL of Pioglitazone with a correlation value >0.9995 and satisfactory recovery findings between 99 and 100%. The degraded samples are analyzed under relevant stress conditions as acidity, alkalinity, thermal and oxidation. The active components in finished products were subjected to a content uniformity test, which showed that they achieved the declared claim's acceptance standards (85-115%). Comparative in vitro dissolution studies are performed for generic products Inhibazone 12.5/30 mg FCT and Inhibazone 25/15 mg FCT against innovator products Oseni 12.5/30 mg FCT and Oseni 25/15 mg FCT at suitable FDA dissolution medium and different USP dissolution media and the results are similar. The metrics of the designed method were assessed according to ICH requirements, and all metrics, such as system suitability, linearity, recovery, robustness, LOD, LOQ, specificity and precision, were found to be within required tolerances and no overlapping was found for degradation peaks. Thence, the method can be used in quality control for the analysis of raw material, bulk, finish and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Mohamed
- Quality Control, Hikma Pharmaceutical Company, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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10
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Y A Alanazi T, Adel Pashameah R, Y Binsaleh A, A Mohamed M, A Ahmed H, F Nassar H. Condition optimization of eco-friendly RP-HPLC and MCR methods via Box-Behnken design and six sigma approach for detecting antibiotic residues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15729. [PMID: 37735531 PMCID: PMC10514345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A precise, Eco-friendly, and highly sensitive RP-HPLC method was employed using quality-by-design principles to concurrently identify cephalexin and cefixime residues in the manufacturing machines using a hypersil BDS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at wavelength 254 nm. The Box-Behnken design was applied to obtain the best chromatographic conditions with the fewest possible trials. Three independent factors viz organic composition, flow rate, and pH were used to assess their effects on the responses' resolution and retention time. Overlay plot and desirability functions were implemented to predict responses of the high resolution and relatively short retention time using a mobile phase composed of acidic water: acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) at pH 4.5 adjusted by phosphoric acid with a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The spectral overlapping of the drugs was successfully resolved by the mean centering ratio (MCR) spectra approach at 261 nm and 298 nm for cephalexin and cefixime, respectively. Good linearity results were obtained for the suggested HPLC and MCR methods over the concentration range of (0.05-10 ppm) and (5-30 ppm) with a detection limit of 0.003, 0.004, 0.26, and 0.23 ppm, and quantitation limits of 0.008, 0.013, 0.79, and 0.68 ppm for cephalexin and cefixime, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of ≥ 0.9998 and good swab recovery results of 99-99.5%. A process capability index was accomplished for chemical and micro results, illustrating that both are extremely capable. The suggested method was effectively validated using ICH recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Y A Alanazi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 24230, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammena Y Binsaleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Hossam F Nassar
- Environmental science and industrial development department, Faculty of Post Graduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni‑Suef, Egypt.
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11
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Youssef YM, Mahrouse MA, Mostafa EA. Plackett-Burman and face-centered composite designs for development and optimization of chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of glycopyrronium, indacaterol and mometasone in their fixed dose combination inhaler - Green profile assessment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115553. [PMID: 37399700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel simple, specific, sensitive, accurate and precise reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC/UV) was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Glycopyrronium bromide (GLY), Indacaterol acetate (IND) and Mometasone furoate (MOF) in pure form, in laboratory prepared mixtures and in pharmaceutical dosage form. Experimental design methodology was applied by using Plackett-Burman and face-centered composite designs to achieve the best resolution with minimum experimental trials. The designed model was statistically analyzed, graphically presented by surface plots and the relationships between coefficients of the derived polynomial equations were interpreted. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Inertsil ODS C18 column (250 ×4.6 mm, 5 µm) at ambient temperature using a mobile phase composed of methanol: 0.1% glacial acetic acid (pH4) in a gradient elution at a flow rate 1 mL /min. UV detection was carried out at 233 nm. Response was found to be linear in the concentration range of 20-120 µg /mL with regression coefficient (r2 = 0.999) for GLY, 50-300 µg /mL with regression coefficient (r2 = 0.9995) for IND and 50-300 µg /mL with regression coefficient (r2 = 0.9998) for MOF. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and satisfactory results were achieved. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of the cited drugs in their fixed dose combination (FDC) pharmaceutical formulation. Statistical comparison between the results obtained by the proposed method and the reference methods for GLY, IND and MOF showed no significant difference. The developed method could be implemented in quality control aspects of the cited drugs. Four green metrics were used to evaluate the new RP-HPLC/UV method's greenness and compare it to other published techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne A Mahrouse
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Eman A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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12
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Wu L, Lu X, Wu Y, Huang C, Gu C, Tian Y, Ma J. An electrochemical sensor based on synergistic enhancement effects between nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and copper ions for ultrasensitive determination of anti-diabetic metformin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163120. [PMID: 36996983 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is the primary medicine for type II diabetes, which produces carcinogenic byproducts during chlorine disinfection, so the detection of MET in aqueous environment is crucial. In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) has been constructed for ultrasensitive determination of MET in the presence of Cu(II) ions. The excellent conductivity and rich π-conjugated structure of NCNT facilitate the electron transfer rate of fabricated sensor and benefit the adsorption of cation ions. Cu(II) ions can chelate with MET to form MET-Cu(II) complex, which are easily accumulated on the surface of NCNT through cation-π interaction. Attributing to the synergistic enhancement effects of NCNT and Cu(II) ions, the fabricated sensor exhibits excellent analytical performances with a low detection limit of 9.6 nmol L-1, high sensitivity of 64.97 A mol-1 cm-2 and wide linear range of 0.3-10 μmol L-1. The sensing system has been successfully applied for rapid (20 s) and selective determination of MET in real water samples with satisfactory recoveries (90.2 %-108.8 %). This study provides a robust strategy for MET detection in aqueous environment and holds great promise for rapid risk assessment and early warning of MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Wu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xianbo Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yun Wu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Chaonan Huang
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Chuantao Gu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yong Tian
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
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13
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Magdy G, Al-Enna AA, Belal F, El-Domany RA, Abdel-Megied AM. Analytical quality-by-design approach for development and validation of HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of omarigliptin, metformin, and ezetimibe: application to human plasma and dosage forms. BMC Chem 2023; 17:45. [PMID: 37147652 PMCID: PMC10163694 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, selective, and sensitive RP-HPLC method was proposed for the simultaneous determination of two co-administered antidiabetic drugs (omarigliptin and metformin) with an anti-hyperlipidemic drug (ezetimibe) in a medicinally-recommended ratio of 2.5:50:1, respectively. The proposed procedure was optimized by adopting a quality-by-design approach. The influence of different factors on chromatographic responses was optimized by applying the two-level full factorial design (25). The optimum chromatographic separation was achieved using Hypersil BDS C18 column at 45 °C, and the mobile phase pumped isocratically composed of methanol: potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (6.6 mM; pH 7, 67:33% v/v) at a flow rate of 0.814 mL/min using 235 nm as a detection wavelength. The developed method was capable of separating this novel mixture in less than 8 min. The calibration plots of omarigliptin, metformin, and ezetimibe showed acceptable linearity over the ranges of 0.2-2.0, 0.5-25.0, and 0.1-2.0 µg/mL with quantitation limits of 0.06, 0.50, and 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the studied drugs in their commercial tablets with high % recoveries (96.8-102.92%) and low % RSD values (less than 2%). The applicability of the method was extended to the in-vitro assay of the drugs in spiked human plasma samples with high % recoveries (94.3-105.7%). The suggested method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Amira A Al-Enna
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
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14
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Wadhwa G, Venkata Krishna K, Kumar Dubey S, Taliyan R. Design and biological evaluation of Repaglinide loaded polymeric nanocarriers for diabetes linked neurodegenerative disorder: QbD-driven optimization, in situ, in vitro and in vivo investigation. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122824. [PMID: 36921745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by inadequate insulin secretion and signaling dysfunction, leading to a vast spectrum of systemic complications. These complications trigger cascades of events that result in amyloid-beta plaque formation and lead to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's. Repaglinide (REP) an insulinotropic agent, suppresses the down regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) and enhances the ATF6 expression to provide neuroprotection following the DREAM/ATF6/apoptotic pathway. However, oral administration of REP for brain delivery becomes more complicated due to its physicochemical characteristics (high protein binding (>98%), low permeability, short half-life (∼1 h), low bioavailability). Therefore, to circumvent these problems, we develop a polymeric nanocarrier system (PNPs) by in-house synthesized di-block copolymer (PEG-PCL). PNPs were optimized using quality by design approach response surface methodology and characterized by particle size (112.53 ± 5.91 nm), PDI (0.157 ± 0.08), and zeta potential (-6.20 ± 0.82 mV). In vitro release study revealed that PNPs (∼70% in 48 h) followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with a Fickian diffusion release pattern, and in intestinal absorption assay PNPs showed increment of ∼1.3 folds compared of REP. Moreover, cellular studies confirmed that REP-loaded PNPs significantly enhance the cellular viability, uptake and reduce the peroxide-induced stress in neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells. Further, pharmacokinetic parameters of PNPs showed an increment in tmax (2.46-fold), and Cmax (1.25-fold) associated with REP. In the brain biodistribution study, REP loaded PNPs was sustained for 24 h whereas free REP sustained only for12 h. In DM induced neurodegenerative murine model, a significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced pharmacodynamic was observed in PNP treated group by estimating biochemical and behavioral parameters. Hence, oral administration of REP-loaded PNPs promotes efficient brain uptake and improved efficacy of REP in the diseased model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Wadhwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India; Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India; Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, Kolkata 700056, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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15
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Khalifa MK, Dawaba AM, Dawaba HM, Al-Najjar AH, Elzaitony AS, Fouad FA, Soliman MM, Nasr ZA. Fabrication, optimization, and eco-friendly micellar HPLC determination of alogliptin/dapagliflozin pullulan-based sublingual films for therapeutic efficacy improvement in diabetic rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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16
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AlThikrallah MKI, Idris AM, Elbashir AA, Elgorashe REE, Buzid A, Alnajjar AO. Development of Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Method for the Simultaneous Separation and Quantification of Metformin and Pioglitazone in Dosage Forms; and Comparison with HPLC Method. Molecules 2023; 28:1184. [PMID: 36770850 PMCID: PMC9919060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method was developed, validated, and applied for the assay of metformin (MET) and pioglitazone (PIO) in pharmaceutical formulations. The optimum running buffer composition was found to be 75 mmol/L phosphate buffer containing 30% acetonitrile (ACN) at pH 4.0. The optimum instrumental conditions were found to be injection time, 10 s; applied voltage, 25 kV; hydrodynamic injection pressure, 0.5 psi for 10 s, capillary temperature, 25 °C; and the detection wavelength, 210 nm. The quantifications were calculated based on the ratio of the peak areas of analytes to atenolol as an internal standard. The CZE method was validated in terms of accuracy (98.21-104.81%), intra- and inter-day precision of migration time and peak area (relative standard deviation ≤ 5%), linearity (correlation coefficients ≥ 0.9985), limit of detection (≤0.277 μg/mL), and limit of quantitation (≤0.315 μg/mL). The proposed method was applied for the analysis of PIO and MET both individually and in a combined dosage tablet formulation. All electrophoretic parameters were calculated and evaluated. A previously reported high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was also applied to the same samples. A comprehensive comparison was then carried out for the analytical features of both methods CZE and HPLC. Comparable results were obtained with the advantage of reagent consumption and separation efficiency of CZE over HPLC and shorter analysis time by HPLC compared with CZE.
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Grants
- This research was supported by Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia (GRNT 2151) This research was supported by Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia (GRNT 2151)
- This research was supported by Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia (GRNT 2151) This research was supported by Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia (GRNT 2151)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafea E. E. Elgorashe
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alyah Buzid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O. Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Elkady EF, Fouad MA, Mozayad AN. Application of Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology for selecting the optimum RP-HPLC conditions for the simultaneous determination of methocarbamol, indomethacin and betamethasone in their pharmaceutical dosage form. BMC Chem 2022; 16:114. [PMID: 36510282 PMCID: PMC9743662 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An isocratic RP-HPLC method has been developed for the separation and determination of methocarbamol (MTL), indomethacin (IND), and betamethasone (BET) in combined dosage form using an Inertsil ODS-3v C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with UV- detection at 235 nm. Experimental design using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to study the response surface during method optimization and to achieve a good separation with a minimum number of experimental runs. The three independent parameters were pH of buffer, % of acetonitrile and flow rate of the mobile phase while the peak resolution of IND from MTL and the peak resolution of BET from IND (R2) were taken as responses to obtain mathematical models. The composite desirability was employed to optimize a set of responses overall (peak resolutions). The predicted optimum assay conditions include a mobile phase composition of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 5.95) in a ratio of 79:21, v/v, pumped at a flow rate of 1.4 mL min-1. With this ideal condition, the optimized method was able to achieve baseline separation of the three drugs with good resolution and a total run time of less than 7 min. The linearity of MTL, IND, and BET was determined in the concentration ranges of 5-600 µg mL- 1, 5-300 µg mL- 1, and 5-300 µg mL- 1 and the regression coefficients were 0.9994, 0.9998, and 0.9998, respectively. The average percent recoveries for the accuracy were determined to be 100.41 ± 0.60%, 100.86 ± 0.86%, and 100.99 ± 0.65% for MTL, IND, and BET, respectively. The R.S.D.% of the intra-day precision was found to be less than 1%, while the R.S.D.% of the inter-day precision was found to be less than 2%. The RP-HPLC method was fully validated with regard to linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness as per ICH recommendations. The proposed method has various applications in quality control and routine analysis of the investigated drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms and laboratory-prepared mixtures with the goal of reducing laboratory waste, analysis time, and effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab F. Elkady
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Fouad
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562 Egypt ,grid.517528.c0000 0004 6020 2309Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo– Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayoub N. Mozayad
- grid.412413.10000 0001 2299 4112Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
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18
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Júnior JVC, Muniz VM, de Almeida VCR, de Souza FS, Aragão CFS. An HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of metformin and ferulic acid in solid dosage forms. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3866-3873. [PMID: 36057131 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, while ferulic acid is a molecule that stands out for its antioxidant potential. Recent studies demonstrate hypoglycemic synergy between these molecules. The objective of this study is to develop and validate an analytical methodology by HPLC for the simultaneous quantification of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. The method used a octadecylsilane column and a mobile phase composed of 6 mM sodium lauryl sulfate in 15 mM phosphate buffer:acetonitrile (65:35). Ferulic acid and metformin were monitored at 232 nm, with mobile phase flow rate at 1 mL/min and oven temperature at 40°C. The method was linear in the range of 5 to 25 μg/mL for both molecules. In the presence of degradation products satisfactory selectivity were achieved. Accuracy values were close to 100% and standard deviations in precision were less than 2%. In the robustness evaluation, the proposed variations did not interfere with the quantification. Therefore, it is concluded that the present method can be safely applied to the quality control of ferulic acid and metformin raw materials, as well as when they are combined in pharmaceutical formulations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Morais Muniz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Paraíba Federal University, João Pessoa, 58051-970, Brasil
| | | | - Fábio Santos de Souza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Paraíba Federal University, João Pessoa, 58051-970, Brasil
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19
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Marie AA, Salim MM, Kamal AH, Hammad SF, Elkhoudary MM. Analytical quality by design based on design space in reversed-phase-high performance liquid chromatography analysis for simultaneous estimation of metformin, linagliptin and empagliflozin. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220215. [PMID: 35719884 PMCID: PMC9198514 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Employing the Quality by Design paradigm through this work helped conclude the method operable design region for optimizing the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay using Design of Experiments and response surface methodology to obtain a good resolution and determination of all analysed compounds and to achieve a suitable analysis time. A deep understanding of the quality target product profile, analytical target profile and risk assessment for parameters that affect the method performance led to developing an accurate, precise and cost-effective method. Quality risk management principles were applied for determining the critical method parameters affecting the simultaneous determination of metformin hydrochloride (MET), linagliptin (LIN) and empagliflozin (EMP) by reversed-phase HPLC . The ternary mixture was successfully resolved in 5 min with a linearity range of (0.1-600) µg ml-1 for MET and (0.05-50) µg ml-1 for LIN and EMP. The newly developed method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. Good agreement was observed with the assay results of the reported UPLC one. To evaluate the greenness of the proposed method, an analytical Eco-Scale method was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A. Marie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Salim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira H. Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sherin F. Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Elkhoudary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
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20
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Implementation of QbD Approach to the Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Forms by HPLC. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061187. [PMID: 35745760 PMCID: PMC9229060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current studies entail quality by design (QbD)-enabled development of a simple, rapid, precise, accurate, and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimation of metformin hydrochloride (M-HCl). Design of experiments (DoE) was applied for multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of the HPLC method. Risk assessment was performed to identify the critical method parameters (CMPs) using Ishikawa diagram. The factor screening studies were performed using a two-factor three-levels design. Two independent factors, buffer pH and mobile phase composition, were used to design mathematical models. Central composite design (CCD) was used to study the response surface methodology and to study in depth the effects of these independent factors, thus evaluating the critical analytical attributes (CAAs), namely, retention time, peak area, and symmetry factor as the parameters of method robustness. Desirability function was used to simultaneously optimize the CAAs. The optimized and predicted data from contour diagram consisted of 0.02 M acetate buffer pH = 3/methanol in a ratio of 70/30 (v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate 1 mL/min. The separation was made on a Thermoscientific ODS HypersylTM chromatographic column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with oven temperature 35 °C and UV detection at 235 nm. The optimized assay conditions were validated according to ICH guidelines. Hence, the results clearly showed that QbD approach could be successfully applied to optimize HPLC method for estimation of M-HCl. The method was applied both for the evaluation of M-HCl content in tablets, and for in vitro dissolution studies of M-HCl from conventional and prolonged-release tablets.
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21
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Kamal AH, Hammad MA, Kannouma RE, Mansour FR. Response surface optimization of a vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for highly sensitive determination of repaglinide in environmental water by HPLC/UV. BMC Chem 2022; 16:33. [PMID: 35568922 PMCID: PMC9107645 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, mated to chemometrics and combined with HPLC/UV detection was optimized and validated for enrichment and determination of repaglinide in environmental samples using nateglinide as an internal standard (IS). A phosphate buffer (10 mM, pH 2.5): acetonitrile (45:55, v/v) was used as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 mL/min in an isocratic elution mode. Chemometrics-assisted optimization was performed using a quadratic integrated d-optimal design. The developed model assessed the statistical significance of the independent variables and their interactions to attain the optimum conditions revealing that extractant type, extractant volume and pH are the most influential factors. Optimization of the extraction procedures was performed with the aid of Design Expert 8® software, which suggested 58 different experiments. The optimal conditions were 30 µL of 1-octanol as extractant, 100 µL of acetonitrile as a disperser at pH 8. Under the optimized conditions, the method showed linearity over the range of 1–100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.4 ng/mL. The accuracy, the intra- and inter-day precision were assessed, the %recoveries were found to be between 98.48 and 100.81% with %RSD lower than 1.3. Using chemometrics in method optimization helped achieve the maximum possible enrichment with the least effort, time, and reagents while considering all possible interactions between variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira H Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hammad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Tanta, 32958, Egypt
| | - Reham E Kannouma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Tanta, 32958, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31111, Egypt. .,Pharmaceutical Services Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, Tanta, 31111, Egypt.
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22
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Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Chohan MS, David M, Molina EIIP, Sreeharsha N, Nair AB, Tratrat C, Altaysan AI, Balgoname AA. An Experimental Design Approach to Quantitative Expression for Quality Control of a Multicomponent Antidiabetic Formulation by the HILIC Method. Molecules 2022; 27:3135. [PMID: 35630608 PMCID: PMC9148089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and reproducible hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC) process was established for concomitant determination of remogliflozin etabonate (RE), vildagliptin (VD), and metformin (MF) in a formulation. A face-centered central composite experimental design was employed to optimize and predict the chromatographic condition by statistically studying the surface response model and design space with desirability close to one. A HILIC column with a simple mobile phase of acetonitrile (65% v/v) and 20 mM phosphate buffer (35% v/v, pH 6, controlled with orthophosphoric acid) was used to separate RE, VD, and MF. RE, VD, and MF were separated in 3.6 min using an isocratic mode mobile phase flow at a flow rate of 1.4 mL at room temperature, and the analytes were examined by recording the absorption at 210 nm. The developed HILIC method was thoroughly validated for all parameters recommended by ICH, and linearity was observed in the ranges 20−150 µg/mL, 10−75 µg/mL, and 50−750 µg/mL for RE, VD, and MF, respectively, along with excellent regression coefficients (r2 > 0.999). The calculated percentage relative deviation and relative error ascertained the precision and accuracy of the method. The selectivity and accuracy were further confirmed by the high percentage recovery of added standard drugs to the formulation using the standard addition technique. The robustness of the HILIC processes was confirmed by developing a half-normal probability plot and Pareto chart, as the slight variation of a single factor had no significant influence on the assay outcomes. Utilization of the optimized HILIC procedure for concurrent quantification of RE, VD, and MF in solid dosage forms showed accurate and reproducible results. Hence, the fast HILIC method can be regularly employed for the quality assurance of pharmaceutical preparations comprising RE, VD, and MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Muhammad S. Chohan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marysheela David
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Efren II Plaza Molina
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Anroop Balachandran Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Abdulrahman Ibrahim Altaysan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Abdulmalek Ahmed Balgoname
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
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23
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Production of copper-graphene nanocomposite as a voltammetric sensor for determination of anti-diabetic metformin using response surface methodology. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Tammam AS, Gahlan AA, Taher MA, Haredy AM. Hantzsch Condensation Reaction as a Spectrofluorometric Method for Determination of Alogliptin, an Anti-diabetic Drug, in Pure, Tablet, Human, and rat plasma. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 37:543-550. [PMID: 34907663 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To analyze alogliptin in its pharmaceutical dosage forms and human plasma, a sensitive, inexpensive, simple, and precise spectrofluorimetric method was developed and tested. Also, this method was used to investigate the drug pharmacokinetic behavior in the blood of rats. It is based on the Hantzsch reaction, which produces yellowish luminous products that can be detected spectrofluorometrically at 480 and 415 nm, emission, and excitation, respectively, when the primary amine group in the examined drug reacts with acetylacetone and formaldehyde. Several experimental parameters that affect the reaction product's development and stability were explored and improved. The curve of fluorescence and concentration for alogliptin was linear in the concentration range of 0.05-3.60 μg ml-1 . According to ICH criteria, the proposed approach was validated. The method was successfully utilized to evaluate the examined drug in dose formulations and spiked human plasma with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S Tammam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Gahlan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Taher
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Haredy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, New Sohag, Egypt
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25
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Salem WA, Elkady EF, Fouad MA, Abdul-Azim Mohammad M. Analysis of Metformin and Five Gliptins in Counterfeit Herbal Products: Designs of Experiment Screening and Optimization. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1667-1680. [PMID: 34410406 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug counterfeiting is a rising problem due to difficulties with identifying counterfeit drugs and the lack of regulations and legislation in developing countries. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop a robust and economic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (LC) method for simultaneously determining metformin HCl, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin benzoate, sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, and linagliptin to target counterfeiting. METHODS Plackett-Burman (PB) and Box-Behnken (BB) designs were used to screen and optimize the mobile phase composition. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Inertsil® ODS-3 C18 column with isocratic elution mode and the mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-methanol-ammonium formate buffer, pH 3.5 (25:10:65, v/v/v). This method was applied to analyze synthetic drugs in three traditional Chinese and Indian herbal medicines. To identify the adulterants, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) were used on counterfeit herbal medicines. RESULTS The developed method is sensitive, simple, rapid, economical, accurate, and highly robust. Student's t-test and variance ratio (F-test at P < 0.05) were used to compare the results statistically with the reference methods. CONCLUSION The study found that the analyzed herbal medicines were adulterated with metformin and the quantification of anti-diabetic counterfeits was therefore applied. HIGHLIGHTS This study determined counterfeited anti-diabetic drugs in Indian and Chinese traditional herbal medicines(THMs). Design-of-experiment, PB, and BB designs were used. Method validation was also performed in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadhah Atef Salem
- Ministry of Health, Quality Control Department, Supreme Board of Drugs and Medical Appliances, Aden 6022, Yemen
| | - Ehab Farouk Elkady
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Fouad
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo 11562, Egypt.,New Giza University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, New Giza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Wadhwa G, Krishna KV, Dubey SK, Taliyan R. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for quantification of repaglinide in mPEG-PCL polymeric nanoparticles: QbD-driven optimization, force degradation study, and assessment of in vitro release mathematic modeling. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Tantawy MA, Weshahy SA, Wadie M, Rezk MR. Eco-friendly Spectrophotometric Methods for Assessment of Alfuzosin and Solifenacin in their new Pharmaceutical Formulation; Green Profile Evaluation via Eco-scale and GAPI Tools. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200730005740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alfuzosin is recently co-formulated with solifenacin for relieving two coincident
urological diseases, namely; benign prostate hyperplasia and overactive bladder.
Objective:
Herein, green, simple and rapid spectrophotometric methods were firstly developed for simultaneous determination of the two cited drugs in their co-formulated pharmaceutical capsule
Methods:
Alfuzosin, which is the major component in the dosage form, was directly assayed at its extended
wavelength at 330.0 nm. The challenging spectrum of the minor component, solifenacin, was
resolved by five spectrophotometric methods, namely; Dual Wavelength (DW) at 210.0 & 230.0 nm,
first derivative (1D) at 222.0 nm, Ratio Difference (RD) at 217.0 - 271.0 nm, derivative ratio (1DD) at
223.0 and mean centering of ratio spectra (MC) at 217.0 nm.
Results:
The proposed methods were successfully validated as per ICH guidelines. Alfuzosin showed
linearity over the range of 4.0 - 70.0 μg/mL, while that of solifenacin were 4.0 - 50.0 μg/mL for DW,
2.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for 1D and RD methods, 1.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for 1DD and 4.0 - 70.0 μg/mL for MC
method. Statistical comparison with their official ones showed no noticeable differences. The methods
showed good applicability for assaying drugs in their newly combination. Besides the eco-scale, the
greenness profile of the methods was assessed and compared with the reported spectrophotometric one
via the newest metric tool; Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI).
Conclusions:
The proposed methods are superior in not only being smart, accurate, selective, robust and
time-saving, but also in using distilled water as an eco-friendly and cheap solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Tantawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir A. Weshahy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Wadie
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R. Rezk
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Eco-friendly chiral HPLC method for determination of alfuzosin enantiomers and solifenacin in their newly pharmaceutical combination: Method optimization via central composite design. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Gurumukhi VC, Bari SB. Quantification and Validation of Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Efavirenz in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form using Quality by Design (QbD): A Shifting Paradigm. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:143-156. [PMID: 34021559 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study endeavors quality by design (QbD) assisted chromatographic method for the quantification of Efavirenz (ERZ) in bulk and tablet dosage form. Analytical QbD instigated with assignment of analytical target profile (ATP) and critical analytical attributes (CAAs). Risk assessment studies and factor screening studies facilitate to identify the critical method parameters (CMPs). Optimization was performed by employing 32 full factorial design using identified CMPs i.e., flow rate (X1) and pH of buffer (X2) at three different levels and evaluating selected CAAs i.e., retention time (Y1) and peak area (Y2). The individual and interactive influence of CMPs on CAAs were tested by statistical data and response surface plots. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that method parameters are significant (P < 0.05). Chromatographic separation was achieved using methanol, 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (70:30 v/v), pH adjusted at 3.1 with 0.05% ortho-phosphoric acid as a mobile phase at flow rate 1.0 mL/min, and a Nucleosil C18 (4.6 mm I.D. × 250 mm, 5 μm) column with UV detection at 247 nm. The method validation and subsequent stresses degradation studies according to ICH guidelines supported the method to be highly efficient for regular drug analysis and its degradation products. The proposed method was successfully demonstrated QbD based approach for the development of highly sensitive, reliable and suitable for routine analysis, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal C Gurumukhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjaykumar B Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425 405, Maharashtra, India
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30
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Application of quality by design approach for HPTLC simultaneous determination of amlodipine and celecoxib in presence of process-related impurity. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Iancu VI, Scutariu RE, Chiriac FL, Radu GL. Sensitive detection of antidiabetic compounds and one degradation product in wastewater samples by a new SPE-LC-MS/MS method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:310-323. [PMID: 33471573 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1873671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As environment emerging contaminants of anthropogenic origin, antidiabetic drugs are present in the range of high ng/L to ng/mL in the influent and the effluent of the waste water treatment plant (WWTP). The metformin compound is the most used hypoglycemic agent in the world. The aim of this study was to develop a new analytic method, based on solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detector (SPE-LC-MS/MS), for identification and quantification of 5 antidiabetic compounds (glibenclamide/glyburide, glimepiride, metformin, glipizide, guanyl urea, gliclazide) and one degradation product (guanyl urea). The investigated environmental samples were the influent and the effluent of four urbans WWTP's. By validating of the analytical method, it was obtained low LOQ's (0.2-4.5 ng/L), satisfactory recovery rates (53.6-116.8%), and corresponding performance parameters: inter-day precision (4.9-8.4%) and reproducibility (11.3-14.6%). The concentrations of antidiabetics were as follow in influent and effluent: metformin 76-2041ng/L and 2-206ng/L, gliclazide (14.1-42.4 ng/L, and 3.3-19.1), glipizide (7.5-11.2 ng/L and 6.5-10ng/L), guanyl urea (6.2-7.3 and 8.3-21.3 ng/L). The efficiency of elimination of the antidiabetics in WWTP's was maximum for metformin (67.6-98.5%), followed, by gliclazide (72.9-78.2%). The lowest elimination efficiency was calculated for glipizide (10.7-13.3%). The guanyl urea undergoes a formation process (74.5-84.2%) in effluent, from the metformin contained in influent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile-Ion Iancu
- Control Pollution Departament, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana-Elena Scutariu
- Control Pollution Departament, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina-Laura Chiriac
- Control Pollution Departament, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Lucian Radu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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32
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Magdy MA, Ali NW, Taha AA, Elgebaly AM, Farid NF. Different chromatographic methods for determination of alogliptin benzoate, metformin hydrochloride, and metformin impurity in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:833-842. [PMID: 33301650 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two simple, sensitive, and reproducible methods were developed for the determination of alogliptin and metformin hydrochloride in presence of metformin impurity "melamin" in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulation. Method (A) was a thin layer chromatographic method in which separation was achieved using ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid (6:3.8:0.2, by volume) as a developing system followed by densitometric scanning at 230 nm. Method (B) was a high-performance liquid chromatography method; separation was achieved on C18 column, the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of sodium lauryl sulfate buffer 0.1% w/v, pH 3: methanol in the ratio 70:30, v/v and measurement was done at 220 nm. System suitability testing parameters were calculated to ascertain the quality performance of the developed chromatographic methods. The proposed methods have been validated regarding accuracy, precision, and selectivity, moreover they have been successfully applied to Westirizide tablets containing both alogliptin and metformin hydrochloride, results indicate that there was no interference from additives. No significance difference was found when these methods were compared to the reported one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimana A Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nouruddin W Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Taha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty for Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elgebaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nehal F Farid
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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33
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Andraws G, Trefi S. Ionisable substances chromatography: A new approach for the determination of Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium in pharmaceuticals using ion - pair HPLC. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04613. [PMID: 32793832 PMCID: PMC7408326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An ion-pair HPLC method was developed and validated to analyze three of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium) in their pure and pharmaceuticals based on their ionisable characteristics. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Cetrimide) was used as an ion pair reagent since it had not been used before for this purpose. Chromatographic analysis was accomplished using the C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) column. Mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 50% Cetrimide 10 - 3 M and 50% acetonitrile to analyze Ketoprofen and Etoricoxib, whereas for Diclofenac sodium, mobile phase was a mixture of 30% Cetrimide 10 - 3 M and 70% acetonitrile. pH value was adjusted if necessary to 10 with ammonium hydroxide. The flow rate was 1mL/min and detection wavelengths were at 254 nm, 234 nm, and 254 nm for Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium; respectively under ambient temperature. Retention times ( R t ) were 9.41, 7.34, and 6.66 for Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium; respectively. The proposed method was evaluated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity according to ICH guidelines. Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium were detected in the following linear ranges: (0.031-0.500mg/mL), (0.007-0.110g/mL), and (0.016-0.250mg/mL); respectively with excellent mean recovery values (98.0-102.0%). RSD% was in an acceptable range (less than 2), proving the precision of the developed method. Specificity was proved in the presence of degradation products. Furthermore, a comparison between the results of this study and the reported HPLC methods indicated that this developed method was better in terms of simplicity, analysis time, and no use of buffers in the mobile phase. In conclusion, the developed method can successfully detect Ketoprofen, Etoricoxib, and Diclofenac sodium quantitatively and qualitatively in their dosage forms without any interference with excipients, making this method valuable, reliable, and practical to be applied in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeos Andraws
- Pharmaceutical Quality and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aleppo, Syria
| | - Saleh Trefi
- Pharmaceutical Quality and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aleppo, Syria
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34
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Derayea SM, Gahlan AA, Omar MA, Saleh GA, Haredy AM. Spectrofluorometric determination of alogliptin an antidiabetic drug in pure and tablet form using fluorescamine, a fluorogenic agent: application to content uniformity test. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1028-1035. [PMID: 32588538 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alogliptin is an antidiabetic drug that belongs to a group called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitors. As the drug contains a primary amino group in its structure, it readily reacts with fluorescamine in slightly alkaline medium (borate buffer, pH 8.8) to form a highly fluorescent product. Emission of this product was measured at 477 nm (λex = 387 nm). The linear range between the fluorescence intensity and the drug concentration was 0.1-0.5 μg ml-1 with a good correlation coefficient (0.9986). Limits of detection and quantitation were 22 and 72 ng ml-1 , respectively. Guidelines of the International Conference for Harmonisation were followed to validate the developed method with acceptable results. Alogliptin content was determined successfully in its commercial dosage form using the fluorescamine method with good recovery (98.60-101.26%). The method has excellent levels of accuracy and precision compared with the reported method as assessed using Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. The method was applied successfully for the content uniformity test with high recovery and low relative standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Derayea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Gahlan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Omar
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Haredy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Development and optimization of a stability-indicating chromatographic method for verapamil hydrochloride and its impurities in tablets using an analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roberto de Alvarenga Junior B, Lajarim Carneiro R. Chemometrics Approaches in Forced Degradation Studies of Pharmaceutical Drugs. Molecules 2019; 24:E3804. [PMID: 31652589 PMCID: PMC6833076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemometrics is the chemistry field responsible for planning and extracting the maximum of information of experiments from chemical data using mathematical tools (linear algebra, statistics, and so on). Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can form impurities when exposed to excipients or environmental variables such as light, high temperatures, acidic or basic conditions, humidity, and oxidative environment. By considering that these impurities can affect the safety and efficacy of the drug product, it is necessary to know how these impurities are yielded and to establish the pathway of their formation. In this context, forced degradation studies of pharmaceutical drugs have been used for the characterization of physicochemical stability of APIs. These studies are also essential in the validation of analytical methodologies, in order to prove the selectivity of methods for the API and its impurities and to create strategies to avoid the formation of degradation products. This review aims to demonstrate how forced degradation studies have been actually performed and the applications of chemometric tools in related studies. Some papers are going to be discussed to exemplify the chemometric applications in forced degradation studies.
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