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Vialetto E, Miele S, Goren MG, Yu J, Yu Y, Collias D, Beamud B, Osbelt L, Lourenço M, Strowig T, Brisse S, Barquist L, Qimron U, Bikard D, Beisel CL. Systematic interrogation of CRISPR antimicrobials in Klebsiella pneumoniae reveals nuclease-, guide- and strain-dependent features influencing antimicrobial activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae281. [PMID: 38661215 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems can be utilized as programmable-spectrum antimicrobials to combat bacterial infections. However, how CRISPR nucleases perform as antimicrobials across target sites and strains remains poorly explored. Here, we address this knowledge gap by systematically interrogating the use of CRISPR antimicrobials using multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae as models. Comparing different Cas nucleases, DNA-targeting nucleases outperformed RNA-targeting nucleases based on the tested targets. Focusing on AsCas12a that exhibited robust targeting across different strains, we found that the elucidated modes of escape varied widely, restraining opportunities to enhance killing. We also encountered individual guide RNAs yielding different extents of clearance across strains, which were linked to an interplay between improper gRNA folding and strain-specific DNA repair and survival. To explore features that could improve targeting across strains, we performed a genome-wide screen in different K. pneumoniae strains that yielded guide design rules and trained an algorithm for predicting guide efficiency. Finally, we showed that Cas12a antimicrobials can be exploited to eliminate K. pneumoniae when encoded in phagemids delivered by T7-like phages. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of evaluating antimicrobial activity of CRISPR antimicrobials across relevant strains and define critical parameters for efficient CRISPR-based targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vialetto
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Solange Miele
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Synthetic Biology, Paris, France
| | - Moran G Goren
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yanying Yu
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daphne Collias
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Beamud
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Synthetic Biology, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Osbelt
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marta Lourenço
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Lars Barquist
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- University of Würzburg, Medical Faculty, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udi Qimron
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Bikard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Synthetic Biology, Paris, France
| | - Chase L Beisel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Medical Faculty, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Chitboonthavisuk C, Martin C, Huss P, Peters JM, Anantharaman K, Raman S. Systematic genome-wide discovery of host factors governing bacteriophage infectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.20.590424. [PMID: 38659955 PMCID: PMC11042327 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.590424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial host factors regulate the infection cycle of bacteriophages. Except for some well-studied host factors (e.g., receptors or restriction-modification systems), the contribution of the rest of the host genome on phage infection remains poorly understood. We developed PHAGEPACK, a pooled assay that systematically and comprehensively measures each host-gene impact on phage fitness. PHAGEPACK combines CRISPR interference with phage packaging to link host perturbation to phage fitness during active infection. Using PHAGEPACK, we constructed a genome-wide map of genes impacting T7 phage fitness in permissive E. coli, revealing pathways previously unknown to affect phage packaging. When applied to the non-permissive E. coli O121, PHAGEPACK identified pathways leading to host resistance; their removal increased phage susceptibility up to a billion-fold. Bioinformatic analysis indicates phage genomes carry homologs or truncations of key host factors, potentially for fitness advantage. In summary, PHAGEPACK offers valuable insights into phage-host interactions, phage evolution, and bacterial resistance.
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Dhungana G, Nepal R, Houtak G, Bouras G, Vreugde S, Malla R. Preclinical characterization and in silico safety assessment of three virulent bacteriophages targeting carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00508-8. [PMID: 38517580 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Phage therapy has recently been revitalized in the West with many successful applications against multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the lack of geographically diverse bacteriophage (phage) genomes has constrained our understanding of phage diversity and its genetics underpinning host specificity, lytic capability, and phage-bacteria co-evolution. This study aims to locally isolate virulent phages against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and study its phenotypic and genomic features. Three obligately virulent Escherichia phages (øEc_Makalu_001, øEc_Makalu_002, and øEc_Makalu_003) that could infect uropathogenic E. coli were isolated and characterized. All three phages belonged to Krischvirus genus. One-step growth curve showed that the latent period of the phages ranged from 15 to 20 min, the outbreak period ~ 50 min, and the burst size ranged between 74 and 127 PFU/bacterium. Moreover, the phages could tolerate a pH range of 6 to 9 and a temperature range of 25-37 °C for up to 180 min without significant loss of phage viability. All phages showed a broad host spectrum and could lyse up to 30% of the 35 tested E. coli isolates. Genomes of all phages were approximately ~ 163 kb with a gene density of 1.73 gene/kbp and an average gene length of ~ 951 bp. The coding density in all phages was approximately 95%. Putative lysin, holin, endolysin, and spanin genes were found in the genomes of all three phages. All phages were strictly virulent with functional lysis modules and lacked any known virulence or toxin genes and antimicrobial resistance genes. Pre-clinical experimental and genomic analysis suggest these phages may be suitable candidates for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunaraj Dhungana
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal.
- Government of Nepal, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Roshan Nepal
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ghais Houtak
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Bouras
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- The Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rajani Malla
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
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Needham P, Page RC, Yehl K. Phage-layer interferometry: a companion diagnostic for phage therapy and a bacterial testing platform. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6026. [PMID: 38472239 PMCID: PMC10933294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuing and rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) calls for innovations in antimicrobial therapies. A promising, 're-emerging' approach is the application of bacteriophage viruses to selectively infect and kill pathogenic bacteria, referred to as phage therapy. In practice, phage therapy is personalized and requires companion diagnostics to identify efficacious phages, which are then formulated into a therapeutic cocktail. The predominant means for phage screening involves optical-based assays, but these methods cannot be carried out in complex media, such as colored solutions, inhomogeneous mixtures, or high-viscosity samples, which are often conditions encountered in vivo. Moreover, these assays cannot distinguish phage binding and lysis parameters, which are important for standardizing phage cocktail formulation. To address these challenges, we developed Phage-layer Interferometry (PLI) as a companion diagnostic. Herein, PLI is assessed as a quantitative phage screening method and prototyped as a bacterial detection platform. Importantly, PLI is amenable to automation and is functional in complex, opaque media, such as baby formula. Due to these newfound capabilities, we foresee immediate and broad impact of PLI for combating AMR and protecting against foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Needham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, 45056, USA
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, 45056, USA
| | - Kevin Yehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, 45056, USA.
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5
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Ipoutcha T, Racharaks R, Huttelmaier S, Wilson CJ, Ozer EA, Hartmann EM. A synthetic biology approach to assemble and reboot clinically relevant Pseudomonas aeruginosa tailed phages. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0289723. [PMID: 38294230 PMCID: PMC10913387 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02897-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise in the frequency of antibiotic resistance has made bacterial infections, specifically Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a cause for greater concern. Phage therapy is a promising solution that uses naturally isolated phages to treat bacterial infections. Ecological limitations, which stipulate a discrete host range and the inevitable evolution of resistance, may be overcome through a better understanding of phage biology and the utilization of engineered phages. In this study, we developed a synthetic biology approach to construct tailed phages that naturally target clinically relevant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As proof of concept, we successfully cloned and assembled the JG024 and DMS3 phage genomes in yeast using transformation-associated recombination cloning and rebooted these two phage genomes in two different strains of P. aeruginosa. We identified factors that affected phage reboot efficiency like the phage species or the presence of antiviral defense systems in the bacterial strain. We have successfully extended this method to two other phage species and observed that the method enables the reboot of phages that are naturally unable to infect the strain used for reboot. This research represents a critical step toward the construction of clinically relevant, engineered P. aeruginosa phages.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium responsible for severe infections and a common major complication in cystic fibrosis. The use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has become increasingly difficult as antibiotic resistance has become more prevalent. Phage therapy is an alternative solution that is already being used in some European countries, but its use is limited by the narrow host range due to the phage receptor specificity, the presence of antiviral defense systems in the bacterial strain, and the possible emergence of phage resistance. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a synthetic biology approach to construct and reboot clinically relevant P. aeruginosa tailed phages. This method enables a significant expansion of possibilities through the construction of engineered phages for therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ipoutcha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ratanachat Racharaks
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Stefanie Huttelmaier
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Cole J. Wilson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Egon A. Ozer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erica M. Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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6
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Goicoechea Serrano E, Blázquez-Bondia C, Jaramillo A. T7 phage-assisted evolution of riboswitches using error-prone replication and dual selection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2377. [PMID: 38287027 PMCID: PMC10824729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Leveraging riboswitches, non-coding mRNA fragments pivotal to gene regulation, poses a challenge in effectively selecting and enriching these functional genetic sensors, which can toggle between ON and OFF states in response to their cognate inducers. Here, we show our engineered phage T7, enabling the evolution of a theophylline riboswitch. We have replaced T7's DNA polymerase with a transcription factor controlled by a theophylline riboswitch and have created two types of host environments to propagate the engineered phage. Both types host an error-prone T7 DNA polymerase regulated by a T7 promoter along with another critical gene-either cmk or pifA, depending on the host type. The cmk gene is necessary for T7 replication and is used in the first host type for selection in the riboswitch's ON state. Conversely, the second host type incorporates the pifA gene, leading to abortive T7 infections and used for selection in the riboswitch's OFF state. This dual-selection system, termed T7AE, was then applied to a library of 65,536 engineered T7 phages, each carrying randomized riboswitch variants. Through successive passage in both host types with and without theophylline, we observed an enrichment of phages encoding functional riboswitches that conferred a fitness advantage to the phage in both hosts. The T7AE technique thereby opens new pathways for the evolution and advancement of gene switches, including non-coding RNA-based switches, setting the stage for significant strides in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Goicoechea Serrano
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- London BioFoundry, Imperial College Translation & Innovation Hub, White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Carlos Blázquez-Bondia
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alfonso Jaramillo
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- De novo Synthetic Biology Lab, i2sysbio, CSIC-University of Valencia, Parc Científic Universitat de València, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino, 9, 46980, Paterna, Spain.
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Chaudhary V, Kajla P, Lather D, Chaudhary N, Dangi P, Singh P, Pandiselvam R. Bacteriophages: a potential game changer in food processing industry. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38228500 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2299768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the food industry, despite the widespread use of interventions such as preservatives and thermal and non-thermal processing technologies to improve food safety, incidences of foodborne disease continue to happen worldwide, prompting the search for alternative strategies. Bacteriophages, commonly known as phages, have emerged as a promising alternative for controlling pathogenic bacteria in food. This review emphasizes the potential applications of phages in biological sciences, food processing, and preservation, with a particular focus on their role as biocontrol agents for improving food quality and preservation. By shedding light on recent developments and future possibilities, this review highlights the significance of phages in the food industry. Additionally, it addresses crucial aspects such as regulatory status and safety concerns surrounding the use of bacteriophages. The inclusion of up-to-date literature further underscores the relevance of phage-based strategies in reducing foodborne pathogenic bacteria's presence in both food and the production environment. As we look ahead, new phage products are likely to be targeted against emerging foodborne pathogens. This will further advance the efficacy of approaches that are based on phages in maintaining the safety and security of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Chaudhary
- Department of Dairy Technology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kajla
- Department of Food Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Deepika Lather
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priya Dangi
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University Mathura, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR -Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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Holtzman T, Nechooshtan R, Yosef I, Qimron U. Contracting the Host Range of Bacteriophage T7 Using a Continuous Evolution System. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2793:85-100. [PMID: 38526725 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3798-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophage T7 is an intracellular virus that recognizes its host via tail and tail fiber proteins known as receptor-binding proteins (RBPs). The RBPs attach to a specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) displayed on the host. While there are various reports of phage host range expansion resulting from mutations in the RBP encoding genes, there is little evidence for contraction of host range. Notably, most experimental systems have not monitored changes in host range in the presence of several hosts simultaneously. Here, we use a continuous evolution system to show that T7 phages grown in the presence of five restrictive strains and one permissive host, each with a different LPS, gradually cease to recognize the restrictive strains. Remarkably, this result was obtained in experiments with six different permissive hosts. The altered specificity is due to mutations in the RBPs as determined by gene sequencing. The results of using this system demonstrate a major role for RBPs in restricting the range of futile infections, and this process can be harnessed to reduce the host range in applications such as recognition and elimination of a specific bacterial serotype by bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzvi Holtzman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
| | - Ram Nechooshtan
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ido Yosef
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Udi Qimron
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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9
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Kim D, Kim M. Sensitive detection of viable Cronobacter sakazakii by bioluminescent reporter phage emitting stable signals with truncated holin. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113665. [PMID: 37981373 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
As outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by the opportunistic pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii (Cs) continue to occur, particularly in infants consuming powdered infant formula (PIF), the need for sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-use detection of Cs from food and food processing environments is increasing. Here, we developed bioluminescent reporter bacteriophages for viable Cs-specific, substrate-free, rapid detection by introducing luciferase and its corresponding substrate-providing enzyme complex into the virulent phage ΦC01. Although the reporter phage ΦC01_lux, constructed by replacing non-essential genes for phage infectivity with a luxCDABE reporter operon, produced bioluminescence upon Cs infection, the emitted signal was quickly decayed due to the superior bacteriolytic activity of ΦC01. By truncating the membrane pore-forming protein holin and thus limiting its function, the bacterial lysis was delayed and the resultant engineered reporter phage ΦC01_lux_Δhol could produce a more stable and reliable bioluminescent signal. Accordingly, ΦC01_lux_Δhol was able to detect at least an average of 2 CFU/ml of Cs artificially contaminated PIF and Sunsik and food contact surface models within a total of 7 h of assays, including 5 h of pre-enrichment for Cs amplification. The sensitive, easy-to-use, and specific detection of live Cs with the developed reporter phage could be applied as a novel complementary tool for monitoring Cs in food and food-related environments for food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Wang C, Zhao J, Lin Y, Yuan L, El-Telbany M, Maung AT, Abdelaziz MNS, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Isolation, characterization of Enterococcus phages and their application in control of E. faecalis in milk. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad250. [PMID: 37944001 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Isolation and characterization of Enterococcus phages and application of phage cocktail to control E. faecalis in milk. METHODS AND RESULTS For phage isolations, double layer agar method was used. Host range of the phages were determined by the spot test. Twelve phages with varying host ranges were isolated. Phages PEF1, PEF7b, and PEF9 with different host ranges and lytic activities were selected for phage cocktails. Compared to two-phages cocktails tested, the cocktail containing all the three phages displayed stronger antibacterial and biofilm removal activities. The cocktail treatment reduced viable E. faecalis in biofilm by 6 log within 6 h at both 30°C and 4°C. In milk, the cocktail gradually reduced the viable count of E. faecalis and the count reached below the lower limit of detection at 48 h at 4°C. CONCLUSION The strong bactericidal and biofilm removal activities of the phage cocktail suggest the potential of this cocktail as a natural biocontrol agent for combating E. faecalis in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junxin Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mohamed El-Telbany
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Marwa Nabil Sayed Abdelaziz
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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11
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Adamczyk-Popławska M, Golec P, Piekarowicz A, Kwiatek A. The potential for bacteriophages and prophage elements in fighting and preventing the gonorrhea. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37897236 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2274849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most numerous entities on earth and are found everywhere their bacterial hosts live. As natural bacteria killers, phages are extensively investigated as a potential cure for bacterial infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the gonococcus) is the etiologic agent of a sexually transmitted disease: gonorrhea. The rapid increase of resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to antibiotics urges scientists to look for alternative treatments to combat gonococcal infections. Phage therapy has not been tested as an anti-gonococcal therapy so far. To date, no lytic phage has been discovered against N. gonorrhoeae. Nevertheless, gonococcal genomes contain both dsDNA and ssDNA prophages, and viral particle induction has been documented. In this review, we consider literature data about the attempts of hunting for a bacteriophage specific for gonococci - the gonophage. We also discuss the potential application of prophage elements in the fight against N. gonorrhoeae. Temperate phages may be useful in preventing and treating gonorrhea as a scaffold for anti-gonococcal vaccine development and as a source of lytic enzymes with anti-gonococcal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Adamczyk-Popławska
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Golec
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Piekarowicz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kwiatek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Lv S, Wang Y, Jiang K, Guo X, Zhang J, Zhou F, Li Q, Jiang Y, Yang C, Teng T. Genetic Engineering and Biosynthesis Technology: Keys to Unlocking the Chains of Phage Therapy. Viruses 2023; 15:1736. [PMID: 37632078 PMCID: PMC10457950 DOI: 10.3390/v15081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phages possess the ability to selectively eliminate pathogenic bacteria by recognizing bacterial surface receptors. Since their discovery, phages have been recognized for their potent bactericidal properties, making them a promising alternative to antibiotics in the context of rising antibiotic resistance. However, the rapid emergence of phage-resistant strains (generally involving temperature phage) and the limited host range of most phage strains have hindered their antibacterial efficacy, impeding their full potential. In recent years, advancements in genetic engineering and biosynthesis technology have facilitated the precise engineering of phages, thereby unleashing their potential as a novel source of antibacterial agents. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the diverse strategies employed for phage genetic engineering, as well as discuss their benefits and drawbacks in terms of bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Lv
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kaixin Jiang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xinge Guo
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiming Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Changyong Yang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Tieshan Teng
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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13
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Du J, Meile S, Baggenstos J, Jäggi T, Piffaretti P, Hunold L, Matter CI, Leitner L, Kessler TM, Loessner MJ, Kilcher S, Dunne M. Enhancing bacteriophage therapeutics through in situ production and release of heterologous antimicrobial effectors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4337. [PMID: 37474516 PMCID: PMC10359290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages operate via pathogen-specific mechanisms of action distinct from conventional, broad-spectrum antibiotics and are emerging as promising alternative antimicrobials. However, phage-mediated killing is often limited by bacterial resistance development. Here, we engineer phages for target-specific effector gene delivery and host-dependent production of colicin-like bacteriocins and cell wall hydrolases. Using urinary tract infection (UTI) as a model, we show how heterologous effector phage therapeutics (HEPTs) suppress resistance and improve uropathogen killing by dual phage- and effector-mediated targeting. Moreover, we designed HEPTs to control polymicrobial uropathogen communities through production of effectors with cross-genus activity. Using phage-based companion diagnostics, we identified potential HEPT responder patients and treated their urine ex vivo. Compared to wildtype phage, a colicin E7-producing HEPT demonstrated superior control of patient E. coli bacteriuria. Arming phages with heterologous effectors paves the way for successful UTI treatment and represents a versatile tool to enhance and adapt phage-based precision antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Du
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Meile
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Baggenstos
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Jäggi
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Piffaretti
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Hunold
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lorenz Leitner
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kessler
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Loessner
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Kilcher
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthew Dunne
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Jia HJ, Jia PP, Yin S, Bu LK, Yang G, Pei DS. Engineering bacteriophages for enhanced host range and efficacy: insights from bacteriophage-bacteria interactions. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1172635. [PMID: 37323893 PMCID: PMC10264812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, the most abundant organisms on earth, have the potential to address the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria resulting from the overuse of antibiotics. However, their high specificity and limited host range can hinder their effectiveness. Phage engineering, through the use of gene editing techniques, offers a means to enhance the host range of bacteria, improve phage efficacy, and facilitate efficient cell-free production of phage drugs. To engineer phages effectively, it is necessary to understand the interaction between phages and host bacteria. Understanding the interaction between the receptor recognition protein of bacteriophages and host receptors can serve as a valuable guide for modifying or replacing these proteins, thereby altering the receptor range of the bacteriophage. Research and development focused on the CRISPR-Cas bacterial immune system against bacteriophage nucleic acids can provide the necessary tools to promote recombination and counter-selection in engineered bacteriophage programs. Additionally, studying the transcription and assembly functions of bacteriophages in host bacteria can facilitate the engineered assembly of bacteriophage genomes in non-host environments. This review highlights a comprehensive summary of phage engineering methods, including in-host and out-of-host engineering, and the use of high-throughput methods to understand their role. The main aim of these techniques is to harness the intricate interactions between bacteriophages and hosts to inform and guide the engineering of bacteriophages, particularly in the context of studying and manipulating the host range of bacteriophages. By employing advanced high-throughput methods to identify specific bacteriophage receptor recognition genes, and subsequently introducing modifications or performing gene swapping through in-host recombination or out-of-host synthesis, it becomes possible to strategically alter the host range of bacteriophages. This capability holds immense significance for leveraging bacteriophages as a promising therapeutic approach against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Jie Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Supei Yin
- Urinary Nephropathy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Kang Bu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Elsayed MM, Elkenany RM, Zakari AI, Badawy BM. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages for combating multidrug-resistant Listeria monocytogenes from dairy cattle farms in conjugation with silver nanoparticles. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:146. [PMID: 37217869 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to achieve biocontrol of multidrug-resistant Listeria monocytogenes in dairy cattle farms which poses a severe threat to our socio-economic balance and healthcare systems. METHODS Naturally occurring phages from dairy cattle environments were isolated and characterized, and the antimicrobial effect of isolated L. monocytogenes phages (LMPs) against multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes strains were assessed alone and in conjugation with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). RESULTS Six different phenotypic LMPs (LMP1-LMP6) were isolated from silage (n = 4; one by direct phage isolation and three by enrichment method) and manure (n = 2; both by enrichment method) from dairy cattle farms. The isolated phages were categorized into three different families by transmission electron microscopy (TEM): Siphoviridae (LMP1 and LMP5), Myoviridae (LMP2, LMP4, and LMP6), and Podoviridae (LMP3). The host range of the isolated LMPs was determined by the spot method using 22 multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes strains. All 22 (100%) strains were susceptible to phage infection; 50% (3 out of 6) of the isolated phages showed narrow host ranges, while the other 50% showed moderate host ranges. We found that LMP3 (the phage with the shortest tail) had the ability to infect the widest range of L. monocytogenes strains. Eclipse and latent periods of LMP3 were 5 and 45 min, respectively. The burst size of LMP3 was 25 PFU per infected cell. LMP3 was stable with wide range of pH and temperature. In addition, time-kill curves of LMP3 alone at MOI of 10, 1 and 0.1, AgNPs alone, and LMP3 in combination with AgNPs against the most phage-resistant L. monocytogenes strain (ERIC A) were constructed. Among the five treatments, AgNPs alone had the lowest inhibition activity compared to LMP3 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, 1, and 10. LMP3 at MOI of 0.1 in conjugation with AgNPs (10 µg/mL) exhibited complete inhibition activity after just 2 h, and the inhibition activity lasted for 24 h treatment. In contrast, the inhibition activity of AgNPs alone and phages alone, even at MOI of 10, stopped. Therefore, the combination of LMP3 and AgNPs enhanced the antimicrobial action and its stability and reduced the required concentrations of LMP3 and AgNPs, which would minimize the development of future resistance. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the combination of LMP3 and AgNPs could be used as a powerful and ecofriendly antibacterial agent in the dairy cattle farm environment to overcome multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Elkenany
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira I Zakari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Badawy
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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16
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Airola C, Severino A, Porcari S, Fusco W, Mullish BH, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ponziani FR, Ianiro G. Future Modulation of Gut Microbiota: From Eubiotics to FMT, Engineered Bacteria, and Phage Therapy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050868. [PMID: 37237771 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a multitude of bacteria, yeasts, and viruses. A dynamic balance among these microorganisms is associated with the well-being of the human being, and a large body of evidence supports a role of dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Given the importance of the gut microbiota in the preservation of human health, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics have been classically used as strategies to modulate the gut microbiota and achieve beneficial effects for the host. Nonetheless, several molecules not typically included in these categories have demonstrated a role in restoring the equilibrium among the components of the gut microbiota. Among these, rifaximin, as well as other antimicrobial drugs, such as triclosan, or natural compounds (including evodiamine and polyphenols) have common pleiotropic characteristics. On one hand, they suppress the growth of dangerous bacteria while promoting beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiota. On the other hand, they contribute to the regulation of the immune response in the case of dysbiosis by directly influencing the immune system and epithelial cells or by inducing the gut bacteria to produce immune-modulatory compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has also been investigated as a procedure to restore the equilibrium of the gut microbiota and has shown benefits in many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, chronic liver disorders, and extraintestinal autoimmune conditions. One of the most significant limits of the current techniques used to modulate the gut microbiota is the lack of tools that can precisely modulate specific members of complex microbial communities. Novel approaches, including the use of engineered probiotic bacteria or bacteriophage-based therapy, have recently appeared as promising strategies to provide targeted and tailored therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiota, but their role in clinical practice has yet to be clarified. The aim of this review is to discuss the most recently introduced innovations in the field of therapeutic microbiome modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Airola
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Severino
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - William Fusco
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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17
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Devi V, Harjai K, Chhibber S. Repurposing prokaryotic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas adaptive immune system to combat antimicrobial resistance. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:443-459. [PMID: 37317864 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite achieving unparalleled progress in the field of science and technology, the global health community is still threatened by the looming pressure of infectious diseases. One of the greatest challenges is the rise in infections by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The misuse of antibiotics has led to the present circumstances, and there is seemingly no solution. There is imminent pressure to develop new antibacterial therapies to curb the rise and spread of multidrug resistance. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas, having immense potential as a gene-editing tool, has gained considerable attention as an alternative antibacterial therapy. Strategies, aiming to either eliminate pathogenic strains or to restore sensitivity to antibiotics, are the main focus of research. This review deals with the development of CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials and their delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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18
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Khambhati K, Bhattacharjee G, Gohil N, Dhanoa GK, Sagona AP, Mani I, Bui NL, Chu DT, Karapurkar JK, Jang SH, Chung HY, Maurya R, Alzahrani KJ, Ramakrishna S, Singh V. Phage engineering and phage-assisted CRISPR-Cas delivery to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10381. [PMID: 36925687 PMCID: PMC10013820 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance ranks among the top threats to humanity. Due to the frequent use of antibiotics, society is facing a high prevalence of multidrug resistant pathogens, which have managed to evolve mechanisms that help them evade the last line of therapeutics. An alternative to antibiotics could involve the use of bacteriophages (phages), which are the natural predators of bacterial cells. In earlier times, phages were implemented as therapeutic agents for a century but were mainly replaced with antibiotics, and considering the menace of antimicrobial resistance, it might again become of interest due to the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. The current understanding of phage biology and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) assisted phage genome engineering techniques have facilitated to generate phage variants with unique therapeutic values. In this review, we briefly explain strategies to engineer bacteriophages. Next, we highlight the literature supporting CRISPR-Cas9-assisted phage engineering for effective and more specific targeting of bacterial pathogens. Lastly, we discuss techniques that either help to increase the fitness, specificity, or lytic ability of bacteriophages to control an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushal Khambhati
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science Indrashil University Rajpur Mehsana Gujarat India
| | - Gargi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science Indrashil University Rajpur Mehsana Gujarat India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science Indrashil University Rajpur Mehsana Gujarat India
| | - Gurneet K Dhanoa
- School of Life Sciences University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus Coventry United Kindgom
| | - Antonia P Sagona
- School of Life Sciences University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus Coventry United Kindgom
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology Gargi College, University of Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Nhat Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health International School, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health International School, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam.,Faculty of Applied Sciences International School, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
| | | | - Su Hwa Jang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hee Yong Chung
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea.,Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute Hanyang University Seoul South Korea.,College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Rupesh Maurya
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science Indrashil University Rajpur Mehsana Gujarat India
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Hanyang University Seoul South Korea.,College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science Indrashil University Rajpur Mehsana Gujarat India
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19
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Sun Q, Shen L, Zhang BL, Yu J, Wei F, Sun Y, Chen W, Wang S. Advance on Engineering of Bacteriophages by Synthetic Biology. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1941-1953. [PMID: 37025193 PMCID: PMC10072152 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s402962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since bacteriophages (phages) were firstly reported at the beginning of the 20th century, the study on them experiences booming-fading-emerging with discovery and overuse of antibiotics. Although they are the hotspots for therapy of antibiotic-resistant strains nowadays, natural phage applications encounter some challenges such as limited host range and bacterial resistance to phages. Synthetic biology, one of the most dramatic directions in the recent 20-years study of microbiology, has generated numerous methods and tools and has contributed a lot to understanding phage evolution, engineering modification, and controlling phage-bacteria interactions. In order to better modify and apply phages by using synthetic biology techniques in the future, in this review, we comprehensively introduce various strategies on engineering or modification of phage genome and rebooting of recombinant phages, summarize the recent researches and potential directions of phage synthetic biology, and outline the current application of engineered phages in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai-Ling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Research Center, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Infectious Disease Center of Nanjing, Nanjing, 210003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wei Chen; Shiwei Wang, Email ;
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Fa-Arun J, Huan YW, Darmon E, Wang B. Tail-Engineered Phage P2 Enables Delivery of Antimicrobials into Multiple Gut Pathogens. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:596-607. [PMID: 36731126 PMCID: PMC9942202 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages can be reprogrammed to deliver antimicrobials for therapeutic and biocontrol purposes and are a promising alternative treatment to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Here, we developed a bacteriophage P4 cosmid system for the delivery of a Cas9 antimicrobial into clinically relevant human gut pathogens Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Our P4 cosmid design produces a high titer of cosmid-transducing units without contamination by a helper phage. Further, we demonstrate that genetic engineering of the phage tail fiber improves the transduction efficiency of cosmid DNA in S. flexneri M90T as well as allows recognition of a nonnative host, E. coli O157:H7. We show that the transducing units with the chimeric tails enhanced the overall Cas9-mediated killing of both pathogens. This study demonstrates the potential of our P4 cas9 cosmid system as a DNA sequence-specific antimicrobial against clinically relevant gut pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapha Fa-Arun
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Wei Huan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Darmon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Baojun Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering & ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom.,Research Center for Biological Computation, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
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21
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Abavisani M, Khayami R, Hoseinzadeh M, Kodori M, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. CRISPR-Cas system as a promising player against bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100948. [PMID: 36780840 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance (AR) and its increasing global trends and destructive waves concerns patients and the healthcare system. In order to combat AR, it is necessary to explore new strategies when the current antibiotics fail to be effective. Thus, knowing the resistance mechanisms and appropriate diagnosis of bacterial infections may help enhance the sensitivity and specificity of novel strategies. On the other hand, resistance to antimicrobial compounds can spread from resistant populations to susceptible ones. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) significantly disseminate AR via horizontal and vertical gene transfer. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system is a member of the bacterial immune system with the ability to remove the ARGs; therefore, it can be introduced as an effective and innovative strategy in the battle against AR. Here, we reviewed CRISPR-based bacterial diagnosis technologies. Moreover, the strategies to battle AR based on targeting bacterial chromosomes and resistance plasmids using the CRISPR-Cas system have been explained. Besides, we have presented the limitations of CRISPR delivery and potential solutions to help improve the future development of CRISPR-based platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abavisani
- Student research committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Khayami
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Melika Hoseinzadeh
- Student research committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mansoor Kodori
- Non communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical sciences, Bam, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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22
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Huss P, Chen J, Raman S. High-throughput approaches to understand and engineer bacteriophages. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:187-197. [PMID: 36180320 PMCID: PMC9868059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage research has been vital to fundamental aspects of modern biology. Advances in metagenomics have revealed treasure troves of new and uncharacterized bacteriophages ('phages') that are not yet understood. However, our ability to find new phages has outpaced our understanding of how sequence encodes function in phages. Traditional approaches for characterizing phages are limited in scale and face hurdles in determining how changes in sequence drive function. We describe powerful emerging technologies that can be used to clarify sequence-function relationships in phages through high-throughput genome engineering. Using these approaches, up to 105 variants can be characterized through pooled selection experiments and deep sequencing. We describe caveats when using these tools and provide examples of basic science and engineering goals that are pursuable using these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Huss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jackie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Srivatsan Raman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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23
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Apjok G, Számel M, Christodoulou C, Seregi V, Vásárhelyi BM, Stirling T, Eszenyi B, Sári T, Vidovics F, Nagrand E, Kovács D, Szili P, Lantos II, Méhi O, Jangir PK, Herczeg R, Gálik B, Urbán P, Gyenesei A, Draskovits G, Nyerges Á, Fekete G, Bodai L, Zsindely N, Dénes B, Yosef I, Qimron U, Papp B, Pál C, Kintses B. Characterization of antibiotic resistomes by reprogrammed bacteriophage-enabled functional metagenomics in clinical strains. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:410-423. [PMID: 36759752 PMCID: PMC9981461 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional metagenomics is a powerful experimental tool to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, but the range of suitable host bacterial species is limited. This limitation affects both the scope of the identified ARGs and the interpretation of their clinical relevance. Here we present a functional metagenomics pipeline called Reprogrammed Bacteriophage Particle Assisted Multi-species Functional Metagenomics (DEEPMINE). This approach combines and improves the use of T7 bacteriophage with exchanged tail fibres and targeted mutagenesis to expand phage host-specificity and efficiency for functional metagenomics. These modified phage particles were used to introduce large metagenomic plasmid libraries into clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. By screening for ARGs in soil and gut microbiomes and clinical genomes against 13 antibiotics, we demonstrate that this approach substantially expands the list of identified ARGs. Many ARGs have species-specific effects on resistance; they provide a high level of resistance in one bacterial species but yield very limited resistance in a related species. Finally, we identified mobile ARGs against antibiotics that are currently under clinical development or have recently been approved. Overall, DEEPMINE expands the functional metagenomics toolbox for studying microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Apjok
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Számel
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chryso Christodoulou
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Seregi
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,HCEMM-BRC Translational Microbiology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Márk Vásárhelyi
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Stirling
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Eszenyi
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tóbiás Sári
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Vidovics
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Nagrand
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dorina Kovács
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Szili
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Ilona Lantos
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Méhi
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pramod K. Jangir
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Present Address: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bence Gálik
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary ,grid.48324.390000000122482838Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Péter Urbán
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary ,grid.48324.390000000122482838Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Gábor Draskovits
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Nyerges
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Fekete
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bodai
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Zsindely
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Dénes
- grid.432859.10000 0004 4647 7293Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ido Yosef
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Udi Qimron
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Balázs Papp
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory for Health Security, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary ,HCEMM-BRC Metabolic Systems Biology Lab, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Pál
- Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Kintses
- Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, National Laboratory of Biotechnology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary. .,HCEMM-BRC Translational Microbiology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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24
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Jaglan AB, Anand T, Verma R, Vashisth M, Virmani N, Bera BC, Vaid RK, Tripathi BN. Tracking the phage trends: A comprehensive review of applications in therapy and food production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993990. [PMID: 36504807 PMCID: PMC9730251 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present scenario, the challenge of emerging antimicrobial resistance is affecting human health globally. The increasing incidences of multidrug-resistant infections have become harder to treat, causing high morbidity, and mortality, and are posing extensive financial loss. Limited discovery of new antibiotic molecules has further complicated the situation and has forced researchers to think and explore alternatives to antibiotics. This has led to the resurgence of the bacteriophages as an effective alternative as they have a proven history in the Eastern world where lytic bacteriophages have been used since their first implementation over a century ago. To help researchers and clinicians towards strengthening bacteriophages as a more effective, safe, and economical therapeutic alternative, the present review provides an elaborate narrative about the important aspects of bacteriophages. It abridges the prerequisite essential requirements of phage therapy, the role of phage biobank, and the details of immune responses reported while using bacteriophages in the clinical trials/compassionate grounds by examining the up-to-date case reports and their effects on the human gut microbiome. This review also discusses the potential of bacteriophages as a biocontrol agent against food-borne diseases in the food industry and aquaculture, in addition to clinical therapy. It finishes with a discussion of the major challenges, as well as phage therapy and phage-mediated biocontrols future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Bala Jaglan
- Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Taruna Anand
- ICAR – National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India,*Correspondence: Taruna Anand,
| | - Ravikant Verma
- Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Medhavi Vashisth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Nitin Virmani
- ICAR – National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - B. C. Bera
- ICAR – National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - R. K. Vaid
- ICAR – National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - B. N. Tripathi
- Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India
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25
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Magaziner SJ, Salmond GPC. A novel T4- and λ-based receptor binding protein family for bacteriophage therapy host range engineering. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1010330. [PMID: 36386655 PMCID: PMC9659904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread multidrug antimicrobial resistance in emerging pathogens has led to a renewed interest in phage therapy as an alternative or supplement to traditional small molecule drugs. The primary limiting factors of phage therapy deployment rest in the narrow host range specificity of phage as well as a poor understanding of many phages’ unintended downstream effects on host physiology and microbiota as well as on adverse pathogen evolution. Consequently, this has made assembling well-defined and safe “phage-cocktails” of solely naturally occurring phages labor- and time-intensive. To increase the speed, efficacy, and safety of therapeutic deployment, there is exceptional interest in modulating the host ranges of well-characterized lytic phages (e.g., T4 and T7) by using synthetic strategies to the swap phage tail components, the receptor binding proteins (RBPs) key for host specificity. Here we identify the RBP of the Citrobacter rodentium temperate phage ΦNP as ORF6. Through bioinformatic and phylogenetic assays, we demonstrate this RBP to be closely related to the known RBPs of T4 and λ. Further investigation reveals a novel, greater than 200 members RBP family with phages targeting several notable human pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. With well characterized lytic members, this RBP family represents an ideal candidate for use in synthetic strategies for expanding therapeutic phage host ranges.
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26
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Cunliffe T, Parker AL, Jaramillo A. Pseudotyping Bacteriophage P2 Tail Fibers to Extend the Host Range for Biomedical Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3207-3215. [PMID: 36084285 PMCID: PMC9594776 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) represent powerful potential treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent a significant threat to global health, with an estimated 70% of infection-causing bacteria being resistant to one or more antibiotics. Developing novel antibiotics against the limited number of cellular targets is expensive and time-consuming, and bacteria can rapidly develop resistance. While bacterial resistance to phage can evolve, bacterial resistance to phage does not appear to spread through lateral gene transfer, and phage may similarly adapt through mutation to recover infectivity. Phages have been identified for all known bacteria, allowing the strain-selective killing of pathogenic bacteria. Here, we re-engineered the Escherichia coli phage P2 to alter its tropism toward pathogenic bacteria. Chimeric tail fibers formed between P2 and S16 genes were designed and generated through two approaches: homology- and literature-based. By presenting chimeric P2:S16 fibers on the P2 particle, our data suggests that the resultant phages were effectively detargeted from the native P2 cellular target, lipopolysaccharide, and were instead able to infect via the proteinaceous receptor, OmpC, the natural S16 receptor. Our work provides evidence that pseudotyping P2 is feasible and can be used to extend the host range of P2 to alternative receptors. Extension of this work could produce alternative chimeric tail fibers to target pathogenic bacterial threats. Our engineering of P2 allows adsorption through a heterologous outer-membrane protein without culturing in its native host, thus providing a potential means of engineering designer phages against pathogenic bacteria from knowledge of their surface proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha
G. Cunliffe
- Division
of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14
4XN, U.K.,School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division
of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14
4XN, U.K.,Systems
Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14
4XN, U.K.,. Phone: +44 2922 510 231
| | - Alfonso Jaramillo
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,De
Novo Synthetic Biology Laboratory, I2SysBio, CSIC-University of Valencia, Parc Científic Universitat de València, Calle Catedrático Agustín
Escardino, 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain,. Phone: +34 963 543 056
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27
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Phetruen T, Chanarat S, Janvilisri T, Phanchana M, Charoensutthivarakul S, Phothichaisri W, Chankhamhaengdecha S. Receptor binding protein of prophage reversibly recognizes the low-molecular weight subunit of the surface-layer protein SlpA in Clostridioides difficile. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:998215. [PMID: 36312948 PMCID: PMC9615553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.998215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) are located at the viral tail and mediate the initial recognition of phage to a specific bacterial host. Phage RBPs have co-evolved with numerous types of host receptors resulting in the formation of a diverse assortment of cognate pairs of RBP-receptors that function during the phage attachment step. Although several Clostridioides difficile bacteriophages have been discovered, their RBPs are poorly described. Using homology analysis, putative prophage-tail structure (pts) genes were identified from the prophage genome of the C. difficile HN10 strain. Competition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, using recombinant PtsHN10M, demonstrated the interaction of this Pts to C. difficile cells, suggesting a role as a phage RBP. Gel filtration and cross-linking assay revealed the native form of this protein as a homotrimer. Moreover, truncated variants indicated that the C-terminal domain of PtsHN10M was important for binding to C. difficile cells. Interaction of PtsHN10M was also observed to the low-molecular weight subunit of surface-layer protein A (SlpA), located at the outermost surface of C. difficile cells. Altogether, our study highlights the function of PtsHN10M as an RBP and potentially paves the way toward phage engineering and phage therapy against C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Phetruen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittinan Chanarat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew Phanchana
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul
- Faculty of Science, School of Bioinnovation and Bio-Based Product Intelligence, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichuda Phothichaisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surang Chankhamhaengdecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Surang Chankhamhaengdecha,
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28
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Understanding Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Interaction with Host Surface Receptor: The Key “Blueprint” for Reprogramming Phage Host Range. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012146. [PMID: 36292999 PMCID: PMC9603124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages), as natural antibacterial agents, are being rediscovered because of the growing threat of multi- and pan-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens globally. However, with an estimated 1031 phages on the planet, finding the right phage to recognize a specific bacterial host is like looking for a needle in a trillion haystacks. The host range of a phage is primarily determined by phage tail fibers (or spikes), which initially mediate reversible and specific recognition and adsorption by susceptible bacteria. Recent significant advances at single-molecule and atomic levels have begun to unravel the structural organization of tail fibers and underlying mechanisms of phage–host interactions. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and models of the tail fibers of the well-characterized T4 phage’s interaction with host surface receptors. Structure–function knowledge of tail fibers will pave the way for reprogramming phage host range and will bring future benefits through more-effective phage therapy in medicine. Furthermore, the design strategies of tail fiber engineering are briefly summarized, including machine-learning-assisted engineering inspired by the increasingly enormous amount of phage genetic information.
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29
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Mahler M, Costa AR, van Beljouw SPB, Fineran PC, Brouns SJJ. Approaches for bacteriophage genome engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:669-685. [PMID: 36117025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, bacteriophage research has been boosted by a rising interest in using phage therapy to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. In addition, there is a desire to use phages and their unique proteins for specific biocontrol applications and diagnostics. However, the ability to manipulate phage genomes to understand and control gene functions, or alter phage properties such as host range, has remained challenging due to a lack of universal selectable markers. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art techniques to engineer and select desired phage genomes using advances in cell-free methodologies and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) counter-selection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mahler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita Costa
- Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Sam P B van Beljouw
- Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C Fineran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Bioprotection Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stan J J Brouns
- Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft, the Netherlands.
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30
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Isaev A, Andriianov A, Znobishcheva E, Zorin E, Morozova N, Severinov K. Editing of Phage Genomes—Recombineering-assisted SpCas9 Modification of Model Coliphages T7, T5, and T3. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322060073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacterial cells—are the most abundant biological entities on Earth. The use of phages in fundamental research and industry requires tools for precise manipulation of their genomes. Yet, compared to bacterial genome engineering, modification of phage genomes is challenging because of the lack of selective markers and thus requires laborious screenings of recombinant/mutated phage variants. The development of the CRISPR-Cas technologies allowed to solve this issue by the implementation of negative selection that eliminates the parental phage genomes. In this manuscript, we summarize current methods of phage genome engineering and their coupling with CRISPR-Cas technologies. We also provide examples of our successful application of these methods for introduction of specific insertions, deletions, and point mutations in the genomes of model Escherichia coli lytic phages T7, T5, and T3.
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31
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Bhujbal S, Bhujbal R, Giram P. An overview: CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing for viral vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1581-1593. [PMID: 35959589 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Gene-editing technology revolutionized vaccine manufacturing and offers a variety of benefits over traditional vaccinations, such as improved immune response, higher production rate, stability, precise immunogenic activity, and fewer adverse effects. The more recently discovered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has become the most widely utilized technology based on its efficiency, utility, flexibility, versatility, ease of use, and cheaper compared to other gene-editing techniques. Considering its wider scope for genomic modification, CRISPR/Cas9-based technology's potential is explored for vaccine development. AREAS COVERED : In this review, we will address the recent advances in the CRISPR/Cas system for the development of vaccines and viral vectors for delivery. In addition, we will discuss strategies for the development of the vaccine, as well as the limitations and future prospects of the CRISPR/Cas system. EXPERT OPINION : Human and animal viruses have been exposed to antiviral CRISPR/Cas9-based engineering to prevent infection, which uses knockout, knock-in, gene activation/deactivation, RNA targeting, and editing cell lines strategies for gene editing of viruses. Because of that CRISPR/Cas system is used to boost the vaccine production yield by removing unwanted genes that cause disease or are required for viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bhujbal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sant. Tukaram Nagar Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra (India) -411018
| | - Rushikesh Bhujbal
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sant. Tukaram Nagar Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra (India) -411018
| | - Prabhanjan Giram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sant. Tukaram Nagar Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra (India) -411018.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA- 14260-1660
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Zhou Y, Wan Q, Bao H, Guo Y, Zhu S, Zhang H, Pang M, Wang R. Application of a novel lytic phage vB_EcoM_SQ17 for the biocontrol of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Enterotoxigenic E. coli in food matrices. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:929005. [PMID: 35992713 PMCID: PMC9389114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.929005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 and Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) are important foodborne pathogens, causing serious food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. Bacteriophages, as novel antibacterial agents, have been increasingly exploited to control foodborne pathogens. In this study, a novel broad-host range lytic phage vB_EcoM_SQ17 (SQ17), was isolated, characterized, and evaluated for its potential to control bacterial counts in vitro and in three different food matrices (milk, raw beef, and fresh lettuce). Phage SQ17 was capable of infecting EHEC O157:H7, ETEC, and other E. coli strains. Morphology, one-step growth, and stability assay showed that phage SQ17 belongs to the Caudovirales order, Myoviridae family, and Mosigvirus genus. It has a short latent period of 10 min, a burst size of 71 PFU/infected cell, high stability between pH 4 to 12 as well as thermostability between 30°C and 60°C for 60 min. Genome sequencing analysis revealed that the genome of SQ17 does not contain any genes associated with antibiotic resistance, toxins, lysogeny, or virulence factors, indicating the potential safe application of phage SQ17 in the food industry. In Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, phage SQ17 significantly decreased the viable counts of EHEC O157:H7 by more than 2.40 log CFU/ml (p < 0.05) after 6 h of incubation at 37°C. Phage SQ17 showed great potential to be applied for biocontrol of EHEC O157:H7 in milk and raw beef. In fresh lettuce, treatment with SQ17 also resulted in significant reduction of viable cell counts of EHEC O157:H7 and ETEC at both 4°C and 25°C. Our results demonstrate that SQ17 is a good candidate for application as an EHEC O157:H7 and ETEC biocontrol agent in the processing stages of food production and food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhou,
| | - Qiyang Wan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongduo Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Maoda Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Ran Wang,
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Nath A, Bhattacharjee R, Nandi A, Sinha A, Kar S, Manoharan N, Mitra S, Mojumdar A, Panda PK, Patro S, Dutt A, Ahuja R, Verma SK, Suar M. Phage delivered CRISPR-Cas system to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens in gut microbiome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113122. [PMID: 35594718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Host-microbiome interactions that exist inside the gut microbiota operate in a synergistic and abnormal manner. Additionally, the normal homeostasis and functioning of gut microbiota are frequently disrupted by the intervention of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens. CRISPR-Cas (CRISPR-associated protein with clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats) recognized as a prokaryotic immune system has emerged as an effective genome-editing tool to edit and delete specific microbial genes for the expulsion of bacteria through bactericidal action. In this review, we demonstrate many functioning CRISPR-Cas systems against the anti-microbial resistance of multiple pathogens, which infiltrate the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, we discuss the advancement in the development of a phage-delivered CRISPR-Cas system for killing a gut MDR pathogen. We also discuss a combinatorial approach to use bacteriophage as a delivery system for the CRISPR-Cas gene for targeting a pathogenic community in the gut microbiome to resensitize the drug sensitivity. Finally, we discuss engineered phage as a plausible potential option for the CRISPR-Cas system for pathogenic killing and improvement of the efficacy of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Nath
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sulagna Kar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | - Shirsajit Mitra
- KaviKrishna Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Abhik Mojumdar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Swadheena Patro
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University. Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha
| | - Ateet Dutt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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Ababi M, Tridgett M, Osgerby A, Jaramillo A. Scarless Recombineering of Phage in Lysogenic State. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2479:1-9. [PMID: 35583728 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2233-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a scarless recombineering-based method for introducing multiple point mutations into the genome of a temperate phage. The method uses the λ Red recombineering system to promote exogenous ssDNA oligos to anneal on the prophage lagging strand during host genome replication. DNA repair is suppressed by inducing the expression of a dominant-negative mutant protein of the methyl-directed mismatch repair system. Screening for recombinant cells without a selection marker is feasible due to its high recombination frequency, estimated as more than 40% after six cycles. The method enables scarless editing of the genome of a bacteriophage in 4-5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ababi
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Alexander Osgerby
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alfonso Jaramillo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. .,De novo Synthetic Biology Lab, I2SysBio, CSIC-University of Valencia, Paterna, Spain.
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35
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A Phage Foundry Framework to Systematically Develop Viral Countermeasures to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens. iScience 2022; 25:104121. [PMID: 35402883 PMCID: PMC8983348 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
At its current rate, the rise of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections is predicted to paralyze our industries and healthcare facilities while becoming the leading global cause of loss of human life. With limited new antibiotics on the horizon, we need to invest in alternative solutions. Bacteriophages (phages)—viruses targeting bacteria—offer a powerful alternative approach to tackle bacterial infections. Despite recent advances in using phages to treat recalcitrant AMR infections, the field lacks systematic development of phage therapies scalable to different applications. We propose a Phage Foundry framework to establish metrics for phage characterization and to fill the knowledge and technological gaps in phage therapeutics. Coordinated investment in AMR surveillance, sampling, characterization, and data sharing procedures will enable rational exploitation of phages for treatments. A fully realized Phage Foundry will enhance the sharing of knowledge, technology, and viral reagents in an equitable manner and will accelerate the biobased economy.
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Liang J, Zhang H, Tan YL, Zhao H, Ang EL. Directed Evolution of Replication-Competent Double-Stranded DNA Bacteriophage toward New Host Specificity. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:634-643. [PMID: 35090114 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the fight against antimicrobial resistance, bacteriophages are a promising alternative to antibiotics. However, due to their narrow spectra, phage therapy requires the careful matching between the host and bacteriophage to be effective. Despite our best efforts, nature remains as the only source of novel phage specificity. Directed evolution can potentially open an avenue for engineering phage specificity and improving qualities of phages that are not strongly selected for in their natural environments but are important for therapeutic applications. In this work, we present a strategy that generates large libraries of replication-competent phage variants directly from synthetic DNA fragments, with no restriction on their host specificity. Using the T7 bacteriophage as a proof-of-concept, we created a large library of tail fiber mutants with at least 107 unique variants. From this library, we identified mutants that have broadened specificity as evidenced by their novel lytic activity against Yersinia enterocolitica, a strain that the wild-type T7 was unable to lyse. Using the same concept, mutants with improved lytic efficiency and characteristics, such as lytic condition tolerance and resistance suppression, were also identified. However, the observed limitations in altering host specificity by tail fiber mutagenesis suggest that other bottlenecks could be of equal or even greater importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Strain Engineering, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory (MERL), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yee Ling Tan
- Strain Engineering, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ee Lui Ang
- Strain Engineering, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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37
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Chaudhary N, Mohan B, Mavuduru RS, Kumar Y, Taneja N. Characterization, genome analysis and in vitro activity of a novel phage vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 active against multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant biofilm-forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates, India. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3387-3404. [PMID: 34989075 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to study host range, stability, genome and antibiofilm activity of a novel phage vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 active against multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) biofilm-forming uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel lytic phage vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 active against UPEC strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, imipenem, beta-lactamase inhibitor combination and polymyxins was isolated from community raw sewage water of Chandigarh. It exhibited a clear plaque morphology and a burst size of 250. In the time-kill assay, the maximum amount of killing was achieved at MOI 1.0. vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 belongs to the family Autographiviridae, has a genome size of 39.5 kb with a GC content of 51.6%. It was stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH. It was able to inhibit biofilm formation which may be related to an endolysin encoded by ORF 19. CONCLUSIONS The vB_EcoA_RDN8.1 is a novel lytic phage that has the potential for inclusion into phage cocktails being developed for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by highly drug-resistant UPEC. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We provide a detailed characterization of a novel lytic Escherichia phage with antibiofilm activity having a potential application against MDR and XDR UPEC causing UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Balvinder Mohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravimohan S Mavuduru
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Central Research Institute, National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre, Kasauli, India
| | - Neelam Taneja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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38
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Clavel T, Horz H, Segata N, Vehreschild M. Next steps after 15 stimulating years of human gut microbiome research. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:164-175. [PMID: 34818454 PMCID: PMC8719818 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome research has bloomed over the past 15 years. We have learnt a lot about the complex microbial communities that colonize our intestine. Promising avenues of research and microbiome-based applications are being implemented, with the goal of sustaining host health and applying personalized disease management strategies. Despite this exciting outlook, many fundamental questions about enteric microbial ecosystems remain to be answered. Organizational measures will also need to be taken to optimize the outcome of discoveries happening at an extremely rapid pace. This article highlights our own view of the field and perspectives for the next 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research GroupInstitute of Medical MicrobiologyRWTH University HospitalAachenGermany
| | - Hans‐Peter Horz
- Phage Biology Research GroupInstitute of Medical MicrobiologyRWTH University HospitalAachenGermany
| | | | - Maria Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital FrankfurtGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
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39
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El Haddad L, Mendoza JF, Jobin C. Bacteriophage-mediated manipulations of microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1055427. [PMID: 36466675 PMCID: PMC9714271 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1055427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some gastrointestinal diseases could be managed using various antibiotics regimen, this therapeutic approach lacks precision and damages the microbiota. Emerging literature suggests that phages may play a key role in restoring the gut microbiome balance and controlling disease progression either with exogenous phage intervention or filtered fecal transplantation or even engineered phages. In this review, we will discuss the current phage applications aiming at controlling the bacterial population and preventing infection, inflammation, and cancer progression in the context of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn El Haddad
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesus F Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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40
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Sjahriani T, Wasito EB, Tyasningsih W. The Analysis of OmpA and Rz/Rz1 of Lytic Bacteriophage from Surabaya, Indonesia. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:7494144. [PMID: 35096434 PMCID: PMC8794686 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7494144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A good strategy to conquer the Escherichia coli-cause food-borne disease could be bacteriophages. Porins are a type of β-barrel proteins with diffuse channels and OmpA, which has a role in hydrophilic transport, is the most frequent porin in E. coli; it was also chosen as the potential receptor of the phage. And the Rz/Rz1 was engaged in the breakup of the host bacterial external membrane. This study aimed to analyze the amino acid of OmpA and Rz/Rz1 of lytic bacteriophage from Surabaya, Indonesia. This study employed a sample of 8 bacteriophages from the previous study. The OmpA analysis method was mass spectrometry. Rz/Rz1 was analyzed using PCR, DNA sequencing, Expasy Translation, and Expasy ProtParam. The result obtained 10% to 29% sequence coverage of OmpA, carrying the ligand-binding site. The Rz/Rz1 gene shares a high percentage of 97.04% to 98.89% identities with the Siphoviridae isolate ctTwQ4, partial genome, and Myoviridae isolate cthRA4, partial genome. The Mann-Whitney statistical tests indicate the significant differences between Alanine, Aspartate, Glycine, Proline, Serine (p=0.011), Asparagine, Cysteine (p=0.009), Isoleucine (p=0.043), Lysine (p=0.034), Methionine (p=0.001), Threonine (p=0.018), and Tryptophan (p=0.007) of OmpA and Rz/Rz1. The conclusion obtained from this study is the fact that OmpA acts as Phage 1, Phage 2, Phage 3, Phage 5, and Phage 6 receptors for its peptide composition comprising the ligand binding site, and Rz/Rz1 participates in host bacteria lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Sjahriani
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Moestopo Road No. 47, Surabaya 60285, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Malahayati, Pramuka Road No. 27, Bandar Lampung 35158, Indonesia
| | - Eddy Bagus Wasito
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Moestopo Road No. 47, Surabaya 60285, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, C Campus, Mulyorejo Road, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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41
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Meile S, Du J, Dunne M, Kilcher S, Loessner MJ. Engineering therapeutic phages for enhanced antibacterial efficacy. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 52:182-191. [PMID: 34952266 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance coupled with a lack of innovation in antibiotics has renewed interest in the development of alternative therapies to combat bacterial infections. Despite phage therapy demonstrating success in various individual cases, a comprehensive and unequivocal demonstration of the therapeutic potential of phages remains to be shown. The co-evolution of phages and their bacterial hosts resulted in several inherent limitations for the use of natural phages as therapeutics such as restricted host range, moderate antibacterial efficacy, and frequent emergence of phage-resistance. However, these constraints can be overcome by leveraging recent advances in synthetic biology and genetic engineering to provide phages with additional therapeutic capabilities, improved safety profiles, and adaptable host ranges. Here, we examine different ways phages can be engineered to deliver heterologous therapeutic payloads to enhance their antibacterial efficacy and discuss their versatile applicability to combat bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Meile
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiemin Du
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Dunne
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Kilcher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Loessner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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42
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Wu Y, Battalapalli D, Hakeem MJ, Selamneni V, Zhang P, Draz MS, Ruan Z. Engineered CRISPR-Cas systems for the detection and control of antibiotic-resistant infections. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:401. [PMID: 34863214 PMCID: PMC8642896 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is spreading rapidly around the world and seriously impeding efforts to control microbial infections. Although nucleic acid testing is widely deployed for the detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, the current techniques-mainly based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-are time-consuming and laborious. There is an urgent need to develop new strategies to control bacterial infections and the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive immune system found in many prokaryotes that presents attractive opportunities to target and edit nucleic acids with high precision and reliability. Engineered CRISPR-Cas systems are reported to effectively kill bacteria or even revert bacterial resistance to antibiotics (resensitizing bacterial cells to antibiotics). Strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance using CRISPR (i.e., Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14) can be of great significance in detecting bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics. This review discusses the structures, mechanisms, and detection methods of CRISPR-Cas systems and how these systems can be engineered for the rapid and reliable detection of bacteria using various approaches, with a particular focus on nanoparticles. In addition, we summarize the most recent advances in applying the CRISPR-Cas system for virulence modulation of bacterial infections and combating antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Mohammed J Hakeem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkatarao Selamneni
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mohamed S Draz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Zhi Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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43
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Ibarra-Chávez R, Hansen MF, Pinilla-Redondo R, Seed KD, Trivedi U. Phage satellites and their emerging applications in biotechnology. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab031. [PMID: 34104956 PMCID: PMC8632786 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The arms race between (bacterio)phages and their hosts is a recognised hot spot for genome evolution. Indeed, phages and their components have historically paved the way for many molecular biology techniques and biotech applications. Further exploration into their complex lifestyles has revealed that phages are often parasitised by distinct types of hyperparasitic mobile genetic elements. These so-called phage satellites exploit phages to ensure their own propagation and horizontal transfer into new bacterial hosts, and their prevalence and peculiar lifestyle has caught the attention of many researchers. Here, we review the parasite-host dynamics of the known phage satellites, their genomic organisation and their hijacking mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how these elements can be repurposed for diverse biotech applications, kindling a new catalogue of exciting tools for microbiology and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ibarra-Chávez
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Frederik Hansen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Pinilla-Redondo
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kimberley D Seed
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Urvish Trivedi
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yeh TK, Jean SS, Lee YL, Lu MC, Ko WC, Lin HJ, Liu PY, Hsueh PR. Bacteriophages and phage-delivered CRISPR-Cas system as antibacterial therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 59:106475. [PMID: 34767917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in humans are increasing worldwide. The global spread of antimicrobial resistance poses a considerable threat to human health. Phage therapy is a promising approach to combat MDR bacteria. An increasing number of reports have been published on phage therapy and the successful application of antibacterials derived using this method. Additionally, the CRISPR-Cas system has been used to develop antimicrobials with bactericidal effects in vivo. The CRISPR-Cas system can be delivered into target bacteria in various ways, with phage-based vectors being reported as an effective method. In this review, we briefly summarise the results of randomised control trials on bacteriophage therapy. Moreover, we integrated mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas system antimicrobials in a schematic diagram and consolidated the research on phage-delivered CRISPR-Cas system antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuang Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shio-Shin Jean
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infection Control, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ju Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Tachung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; PhD Programme for Aging, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Xu J, Zhang R, Yu X, Zhang X, Liu G, Liu X. Molecular Characteristics of Novel Phage vB_ShiP-A7 Infecting Multidrug-Resistant Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli, and Its Bactericidal Effect in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698962. [PMID: 34512574 PMCID: PMC8427288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that bacteriophages (phages) can inhibit infection caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Here, we isolated a new phage, named vB_ShiP-A7, using MDR Shigella flexneri as the host. vB_ShiP-A7 is a novel member of Podoviridae, with a latency period of approximately 35 min and a burst size of approximately 100 phage particles/cell. The adsorption rate constant of phage vB_ShiP-A7 to its host S. flexneri was 1.405 × 10–8 mL/min. The vB_ShiP-A7 genome is a linear double-stranded DNA composed of 40,058 bp with 177 bp terminal repeats, encoding 43 putative open reading frames. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the genome sequence of vB_ShiP-A7 is closely related to 15 different phages, which can infect different strains. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 12 known proteins and 6 hypothetical proteins exist in the particles of phage vB_ShiP-A7. Our results confirmed that the genome of vB_ShiP-A7 is free of lysogen-related genes, bacterial virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance genes. vB_ShiP-A7 can significantly disrupt the growth of some MDR clinical strains of S. flexneri and Escherichia coli in liquid culture and biofilms in vitro. In addition, vB_ShiP-A7 can reduce the load of S. flexneri by approximately 3–10 folds in an infection model of mice. Therefore, vB_ShiP-A7 is a stable novel phage with the potential to treat infections caused by MDR strains of S. flexneri and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yim SS, Wang HH. Exploiting interbacterial antagonism for microbiome engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 19:100307. [PMID: 37982076 PMCID: PMC10655851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interbacterial antagonism can significantly impact microbiome assembly and stability and can potentially be exploited to modulate microbes and microbial communities in diverse environments, ranging from natural habitats to industrial bioreactors. Here we highlight key mechanisms of interspecies antagonism that rely on direct cell-to-cell contact or diffusion of secreted biomolecules, and discuss recent advances to provide altered function and specificities for microbiome engineering. We further outline the use of ecological design principles based on antagonistic interactions for bottom-up assembly of synthetic microbial communities. Manipulating microbial communities through these negative interactions will be critical for understanding complex microbiome processes and properties and developing new applications of microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sun Yim
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harris H. Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Šimoliūnienė M, Kazlauskas D, Zajančkauskaitė A, Meškys R, Truncaitė L. Escherichia coli trxAgene as a molecular marker for genome engineering of felixounoviruses. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129967. [PMID: 34324954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or phages) have a lot of uncharacterized genes, which hinders the progress of their applied research. Functional characterization of these genes is often hampered by a lack of suitable methods for engineering of phage genomes. METHODS Phages vB_EcoM_Alf5 (Alf5) and VB_EcoM_VpaE1 (VpaE1) were used as the model phages of Felixounovirus genus. The phage-coded properties were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The 'pull-down' assay was used for detection of protein-protein interactions. Primer extension analysis was used for the DNA polymerase (DNAP) activity testing. Bacteriophage lambda Redγβα-assisted homologous recombination was used for construction of phage mutants. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that felixounoviruses encode DNA polymerase, which is homologous to the T7 DNAP. We found that the Escherichia coli thioredoxin A (TrxA) in vitro interacts with the predicted DNAP of Alf5 phage (gp096) and enhances its activity. Phages Alf5 and VpaE1 do not grow on E. coli strains lacking trxA gene unless it is provided in trans. This feature was used for construction of the deletion/insertion mutants of non-essential genes of felixounoviruses. CONCLUSION DNA replication of phages from Felixonuvirus genus depends on the host trxA, which therefore may be used as a molecular marker for their genome engineering. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We present a proof-of-principle of a strategy for targeted engineering of bacteriophages of Felixounovirus genus. The method developed here will facilitate the basic and applied research of this unexplored phage group. Furthermore, detected functional interactions between the phage and host proteins will be significant for basic research of DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Šimoliūnienė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Darius Kazlauskas
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Aurelija Zajančkauskaitė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Lidija Truncaitė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio av., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Construction of Leaderless-Bacteriocin-Producing Bacteriophage Targeting E. coli and Neighboring Gram-Positive Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0014121. [PMID: 34259542 PMCID: PMC8552711 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00141-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic bacteriophages are expected as effective tools to control infectious bacteria in human and pathogenic or spoilage bacteria in foods. Leaderless bacteriocins (LLBs) are simple bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria. LLBs do not possess an N-terminal leader peptide in the precursor, which means that they are active immediately after translation. In this study, we constructed a novel antimicrobial agent, an LLB-producing phage (LLB-phage), by genetic engineering to introduce the LLB structural gene into the lytic phage genome. To this end, lnqQ (structure gene of an LLB, lacticin Q) and trxA, an essential gene for T7 phage genome replication, were integrated in tandem into T7 phage genome using homologous recombination in Escherichia coli host strain. The recombinant lnqQ-T7 phage was isolated by a screening method using ΔtrxA host strain. lnqQ-T7 phage formed a clear halo in agar plates containing both E. coli and lacticin Q-susceptible Bacillus coagulans, indicating that lnqQ-T7 phage could produce a significant amount of lacticin Q. Lacticin Q production did not exert a significant effect on the lytic cycle of T7 phage. In fact, the production of lacticin Q enhanced T7 phage lytic activity and helped to prevent the emergence of bacterial populations resistant against this phage. These results serve as a proof of principle for LLB-phages. There are different types of LLBs and phages, meaning that in the future, it may be possible to produce any number of LLB-phages which can be designed to efficiently control different types of bacterial contamination in different settings. IMPORTANCE We demonstrated that we could combine LLB and phage to construct promising novel antimicrobial agents, LLB-phage. The first LLB-phage, lnqQ-T7 phage, can control the growth of both the Gram-negative host strain and neighboring Gram-positive bacteria while preventing the emergence of phage resistance in the host strain. There are several different types of LLBs and phages, suggesting that we may be able to design a battery of LLB-phages by selecting novel combinations of LLBs and phages. These constructs could be tailored to control various bacterial contaminations and infectious diseases.
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Challenges and opportunities in biological funneling of heterogeneous and toxic substrates beyond lignin. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:1-13. [PMID: 34242853 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significant developments in the understanding and manipulation of microbial metabolism have enabled the use of engineered biological systems toward a more sustainable energy and materials economy. While developments in metabolic engineering have primarily focused on the conversion of carbohydrates, substantial opportunities exist for using these same principles to extract value from more heterogeneous and toxic waste streams, such as those derived from lignin, biomass pyrolysis, or industrial waste. Funneling heterogeneous substrates from these streams toward valuable products, termed biological funneling, presents new challenges in balancing multiple catabolic pathways competing for shared cellular resources and engineering against perturbation from toxic substrates. Solutions to many of these challenges have been explored within the field of lignin valorization. This perspective aims to extend beyond lignin to highlight the challenges and discuss opportunities for use of biological systems to upgrade previously inaccessible waste streams.
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Abstract
Control of pathogenic bacteria by deliberate application of predatory phages has potential as a powerful therapy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The key advantages of phage biocontrol over antibacterial chemotherapy are: (1) an ability to self-propagate inside host bacteria, (2) targeted predation of specific species or strains of bacteria, (3) adaptive molecular machinery to overcome resistance in target bacteria. However, realizing the potential of phage biocontrol is dependent on harnessing or adapting these responses, as many phage species switch between lytic infection cycles (resulting in lysis) and lysogenic infection cycles (resulting in genomic integration) that increase the likelihood of survival of the phage in response to external stress or host depletion. Similarly, host range will need to be optimized to make phage therapy medically viable whilst avoiding the potential for deleteriously disturbing the commensal microbiota. Phage training is a new approach to produce efficient phages by capitalizing on the evolved response of wild-type phages to bacterial resistance. Here we will review recent studies reporting successful trials of training different strains of phages to switch into lytic replication mode, overcome bacterial resistance, and increase their host range. This review will also highlight the current knowledge of phage training and future implications in phage applications and phage therapy and summarize the recent pipeline of the magistral preparation to produce a customized phage for clinical trials and medical applications.
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