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Castor T, Yogev N, Blank T, Barwig C, Prinz M, Waisman A, Bros M, Reske-Kunz AB. Inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by tolerance-promoting DNA vaccination focused to dendritic cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191927. [PMID: 29408931 PMCID: PMC5800700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we analysed the effects of prophylactic biolistic DNA vaccination with plasmids encoding the encephalitogenic protein myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) on the severity of a subsequently MOGp35-55-induced EAE and on the underlying immune response. We compared the outcome of vaccination with MOG-encoding plasmids alone or in combination with vectors encoding the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-ß1, respectively. MOG expression was restricted to skin dendritic cells (DCs) by the use of the DC-specific promoter of the fascin1 gene (pFscn-MOG). For comparison, the strong and ubiquitously active CMV promoter was employed (pCMV-MOG), which allows MOG expression in all transfected cells. Expression of IL-10 and TGF-ß1 was controlled by the CMV promoter to yield maximal synthesis (pCMV-IL10, pCMV-TGFß). Co-application of pFscn-MOG and pCMV-IL10 significantly ameliorated EAE pathology, while vaccination with pCMV-MOG plus pCMV-IL10 did not affect EAE outcome. In contrast, vaccination with either of the two MOG-encoding plasmids in combination with pCMV-TGFß significantly attenuated the clinical EAE symptoms. Mechanistically, we observed diminished infiltration of Th17 and Th1 cells as well as macrophages/DCs into the CNS, which correlated with decreased MOGp35-55-specific production of IL-17 and IFN-ϫ by spleen cells and reduced peptide-specific T cell proliferation. Our findings suggest deletion of or anergy induction in MOG-specific CD4+ T cells by the suppressive vaccination platform employed. MOG expression driven by the DC-specific fascin1 promoter yielded similar inhibitory effects on EAE progression as the ubiquitously active viral CMV promoter, when coapplying pCMV-TGFß. Our finding that pCMV-IL10 promoted tolerogenic effects only, when coapplied with pFscn-MOG, but not pCMV-MOG suggests that IL-10 affected only directly transfected DCs (pFscn-MOG), but not neighbouring DCs that engulfed MOG-containing vesicles derived from transfected keratinocytes (pCMV-MOG). Thus, due to its DC-restricted expression, the fascin1 promoter might be an interesting alternative to ubiquitously expressed promoters for vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Castor
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nir Yogev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Blank
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christina Barwig
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Hou S, Choi JS, Chen KJ, Zhang Y, Peng J, Garcia MA, Yu JH, Thakore-Shah K, Ro T, Chen JF, Peyda P, Fan G, Pyle AD, Wang H, Tseng HR. Supramolecular nanosubstrate-mediated delivery for reprogramming and transdifferentiation of mammalian cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2499-504. [PMID: 25613059 PMCID: PMC4961214 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular nanosubstrate-mediated delivery (SNSMD) leverages the power of molecular self-assembly and a nanostructured substrate platform for the low toxicity, highly efficient co-delivery of biological factors encapsulated in a nanovector. Human fibroblasts are successfully reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stems and transdifferentiated into induced neuronal-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Jin-sil Choi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Kuan-Ju Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Jinliang Peng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA. School of Biomedical Engineering, MED-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mitch A. Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Jue-hua Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095-7088
| | - Kaushali Thakore-Shah
- Molecular Biology Institute, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tracy Ro
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Parham Peyda
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
| | - Guoping Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095-7088
| | - April D. Pyle
- Molecular Biology Institute, Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hao Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
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Deressa T, Stoecklinger A, Wallner M, Himly M, Kofler S, Hainz K, Brandstetter H, Thalhamer J, Hammerl P. Structural integrity of the antigen is a determinant for the induction of T-helper type-1 immunity in mice by gene gun vaccines against E. coli beta-galactosidase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102280. [PMID: 25025197 PMCID: PMC4099185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The type of immune response is critical for successful protection and typically determined by pathogen-associated danger molecules. In contrast, protein antigens are usually regarded as passive target structures. Here, we provide evidence that the structure of the antigen can profoundly influence the type of response that is elicited under else identical conditions. In mice, gene gun vaccines induce predominantly Th2-biased immune reactions against most antigens. One exception is E. coli beta-galactosidase (βGal) that induces a balanced Th1/Th2 response. Because both, the delivered material (plasmid DNA-coated gold particles) as well as the procedure (biolistic delivery to the skin surface) is the same as for other antigens we hypothesized that Th1 induction could be a function of βGal protein expressed in transfected cells. To test this we examined gene gun vaccines encoding structural or functional variants of the antigen. Employing a series of gene gun vaccines encoding individual structural domains of βGal, we found that neither of them induced IgG2a antibodies. Even disruption of the homo-tetramer association of the native protein by deletion of a few N-terminal amino acids was sufficient to abrogate IgG2a production. However, enzymatically inactive βGal with only one point mutation in the catalytic center retained the ability to induce Th1 reactions. Thus, structural but not functional integrity of the antigen must be retained for Th1 induction. βGal is not a Th1 adjuvant in the classical sense because neither were βGal-transgenic ROSA26 mice particularly Th1-biased nor did co-administration of a βGal-encoding plasmid induce IgG2a against other antigens. Despite this, gene gun vaccines elicited Th1 reactions to antigens fused to the open reading frame of βGal. We interpret these findings as evidence that different skin-borne antigens may be differentially handled by the immune system and that the three-dimensional structure of an antigen is an important determinant for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekalign Deressa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Michael Wallner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Himly
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Kofler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katrina Hainz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Thalhamer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Hammerl
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Pontes D, Azevedo M, Innocentin S, Blugeon S, Lefévre F, Azevedo V, Miyoshi A, Courtin P, Chapot-Chartier MP, Langella P, Chatel JM. Immune response elicited by DNA vaccination using Lactococcus lactis is modified by the production of surface exposed pathogenic protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84509. [PMID: 24465412 PMCID: PMC3897362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared immune responses elicited by DNA immunization using Lactococcus lactis or L. lactis expressing the Staphylococcus aureus invasin Fibronectin Binding Protein A (FnBPA) at its surface. Both strains carried pValac:BLG, a plasmid containing the cDNA of Beta-Lactoglobulin (BLG), and were designated LL-BLG and LL-FnBPA+ BLG respectively. A TH2 immune response characterized by the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 in medium of BLG reactivated splenocytes was detected after either oral or intranasal administration of LL-FnBPA+ BLG. In contrast, intranasal administration of LL-BLG elicited a TH1 immune response. After BLG sensitization, mice previously intranasally administered with LL-BLG showed a significantly lower concentration of BLG-specific IgE than the mice non-administered. Altenatively administration of LL-FnBPA+ BLG didn't modify the BLG-specific IgE concentration obtained after sensitization, thus confirming the TH2 orientation of the immune response. To determine if the TH2-skewed immune response obtained with LL-FnBpA+ BLG was FnBPA-specific or not, mice received another L. lactis strain producing a mutated form of the Listeria monocytogenes invasin Internalin A intranasally, allowing thus the binding to murine E-cadherin, and containing pValac:BLG (LL-mInlA+ BLG). As with LL-FnBPA+ BLG, LL-mInlA+ BLG was not able to elicit a TH1 immune response. Furthermore, we observed that these difference were not due to the peptidoglycan composition of the cell wall as LL-FnBPA+ BLG, LL-mInlA+ BLG and LL-BLG strains shared a similar composition. DNA vaccination using LL-BLG elicited a pro-inflammatory TH1 immune response while using LL-FnBPA+ BLG or LL-mInlA+ BLG elicited an anti-inflammatory TH2 immune response.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Cell Engineering
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Female
- Immunity, Active
- Immunity, Cellular
- Lactococcus lactis/genetics
- Lactococcus lactis/immunology
- Lactoglobulins/genetics
- Lactoglobulins/immunology
- Listeriosis/immunology
- Listeriosis/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plasmids
- Staphylococcal Infections/immunology
- Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pontes
- State University of Paraiba, Campus V, Department of Biological Sciences. João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marcela Azevedo
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Innocentin
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Lymphocyte Signaling and Development Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Blugeon
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG-ICB), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pascal Courtin
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chapot-Chartier
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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5
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Weiss R, Scheiblhofer S, Roesler E, Weinberger E, Thalhamer J. mRNA vaccination as a safe approach for specific protection from type I allergy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 11:55-67. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Egger M, Jürets A, Wallner M, Briza P, Ruzek S, Hainzl S, Pichler U, Kitzmüller C, Bohle B, Huber CG, Ferreira F. Assessing protein immunogenicity with a dendritic cell line-derived endolysosomal degradome. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17278. [PMID: 21359181 PMCID: PMC3040223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growing number of novel candidate molecules for the treatment of allergic diseases imposed a dramatic increase in the demand for animal experiments to select immunogenic vaccines, a pre-requisite for efficacy. Because no in vitro methods to predict the immunogenicity of a protein are currently available, we developed an in vitro assay that exploits the link between a protein's immunogenicity and its susceptibility to endolysosomal proteolysis. Methodology We compared protein composition and proteolytic activity of endolysosomal fractions isolated from murine bone marrow- and human blood- derived dendritic cells, and from the dendritic cell line JAWS II. Three groups of structurally related antigen variants differing in their ability to elicit immune responses in vivo (Bet v 1.0101 and Bet v 1.0401, RNases A and S, holo- and apo-HRP) were subjected to in vitro simulated endolysosomal degradation. Kinetics and patterns of generated proteolytic peptides were evaluated by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Results Antigens displaying weak capacity of T cell priming in vivo were highly susceptible to endolysosomal proteases in vitro. As proteolytic composition, activity, and specificity of endolysosomal fractions derived from human and murine dendritic cells were comparable, the JAWS II cell line could be used as a substitute for freshly isolated human or murine cells in in vitro degradation assays. Conclusions Endolysosomal fractions prepared from the JAWS II cell line provide a reliable tool for in vitro estimation of protein immunogenicity. The rapid and simple assay described here is very useful to study the immunogenic properties of a protein, and can help to replace, reduce, and refine animal experiments in allergy research and vaccine development in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Egger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Stoecklinger A, Eticha TD, Mesdaghi M, Kissenpfennig A, Malissen B, Thalhamer J, Hammerl P. Langerin+ Dermal Dendritic Cells Are Critical for CD8+ T Cell Activation and IgH γ-1 Class Switching in Response to Gene Gun Vaccines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:1377-83. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Roesler E, Weiss R, Weinberger EE, Fruehwirth A, Stoecklinger A, Mostböck S, Ferreira F, Thalhamer J, Scheiblhofer S. Immunize and disappear—Safety-optimized mRNA vaccination with a panel of 29 allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:1070-7.e1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:79-85. [PMID: 19106700 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328323adb4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wallmann J, Proell M, Stepanoska T, Hantusch B, Pali-Schöll I, Thalhamer T, Thalhamer J, Jensen-Jarolim E, Hartl A. A mimotope gene encoding the major IgE epitope of allergen Phl p 5 for epitope-specific immunization. Immunol Lett 2008; 122:68-75. [PMID: 19111573 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A gene vaccine based on a mammalian expression vector containing the sequence of a peptide mimotope of Phl p 5 was constructed. To test whether mimotope gene vaccines can induce allergen-specific antibody responses via molecular mimicry, BALB/c mice were immunized using the mimotope construct with or without a tetanus toxin T-helper epitope. Moreover, intradermal injection was compared to epidermal application via gene gun immunization. Immunization with both mimotope gene constructs elicited allergen-specific antibody responses. As expected, gene gun bombardment induced a Th2-biased immune response, typically associated with IgG1 and IgE antibody production. In contrast, intradermal injection of the vaccine triggered IgG2a antibody expression without any detectable IgE levels, thus biasing the immune response towards Th1. In an RBL assay, mimotope-specific IgG antibodies were able to prevent cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE by Phl p 5. A construct coding for the complete Phl p 5 induced T-cell activation, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. In contrast, the mimotope-DNA construct being devoid of allergen-specific T-cell epitopes had no capacity to activate allergen-specific T cells. Taken together, our data show that it is feasible to induce blocking IgG antibodies with a mimotope-DNA construct when applied intradermally. Thus the mimotope-DNA strategy has two advantages: (1) the avoidance of IgE induction and (2) the avoidance of triggering allergen-specific T-lymphocytes. We therefore suggest that mimotope gene vaccines are potential candidates for epitope-specific immunotherapy of type I allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wallmann
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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13
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Sudowe S, Dominitzki S, Montermann E, Bros M, Grabbe S, Reske-Kunz AB. Uptake and presentation of exogenous antigen and presentation of endogenously produced antigen by skin dendritic cells represent equivalent pathways for the priming of cellular immune responses following biolistic DNA immunization. Immunology 2008; 128:e193-205. [PMID: 18800984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene gun-mediated biolistic DNA vaccination with beta-galactosidase (betaGal)-encoding plasmid vectors efficiently modulated antigen-induced immune responses in an animal model of type I allergy, including the inhibition of immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. Here we show that CD4(+) as well as CD8(+) T cells from mice biolistically transfected with a plasmid encoding betaGal under the control of the fascin promoter (pFascin-betaGal) are capable of inhibiting betaGal-specific IgE production after adoptive transfer into naïve recipients. Moreover, suppression of IgE production was dependent on interferon (IFN)-gamma. To analyse the modalities of activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells regarding the localization of antigen synthesis following gene gun-mediated DNA immunization, we used the fascin promoter and the keratin 5 promoter (pK5-betaGal) to direct betaGal production mainly to dendritic cells (DCs) and to keratinocytes, respectively. Gene gun-mediated DNA immunization with each vector induced considerable activation of betaGal-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells. Cytokine production by re-stimulated CD4(+) T cells in draining lymph nodes and immunoglobulin isotype profiles in sera of immunized mice indicated that immunization with pFascin-betaGal induced a T helper type 1 (Th1)-biased immune response, whereas immunization with pK5-betaGal generated a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Nevertheless, DNA vaccination with pFascin-betaGal and pK5-betaGal, respectively, efficiently inhibited specific IgE production in the mouse model of type I allergy. In conclusion, our data show that uptake of exogenous antigen produced by keratinocytes and its presentation by untransfected DCs as well as the presentation of antigen synthesized endogenously in DCs represent equivalent pathways for efficient priming of cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sudowe
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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