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Huang X, Yang X, Zhang M, Li T, Zhu K, Dong Y, Lei X, Yu Z, Lv C, Huang J. SELENOI Functions as a Key Modulator of Ferroptosis Pathway in Colitis and Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404073. [PMID: 38757622 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis plays important roles both in normal physiology and multiple human diseases. It is well known that selenoprotein named glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial regulator for ferroptosis. However, it remains unknown whether other selenoproteins responsible for the regulation of ferroptosis, particularly in gut diseases. In this study, it is observed that Selenoprotein I (Selenoi) prevents ferroptosis by maintaining ether lipids homeostasis. Specific deletion of Selenoi in intestinal epithelial cells induced the occurrence of ferroptosis, leading to impaired intestinal regeneration and compromised colonic tumor growth. Mechanistically, Selenoi deficiency causes a remarkable decrease in ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ePE) and a marked increase in ether-linked phosphatidylcholine (ePC). The imbalance of ePE and ePC results in the upregulation of phospholipase A2, group IIA (Pla2g2a) and group V (Pla2g5), as well as arachidonate-15-lipoxygenase (Alox15), which give rise to excessive lipid peroxidation. Knockdown of PLA2G2A, PLA2G5, or ALOX15 can reverse the ferroptosis phenotypes, suggesting that they are downstream effectors of SELENOI. Strikingly, GPX4 overexpression cannot rescue the ferroptosis phenotypes of SELENOI-knockdown cells, while SELENOI overexpression can partially rescue GPX4-knockdown-induced ferroptosis. It suggests that SELENOI prevents ferroptosis independent of GPX4. Taken together, these findings strongly support the notion that SELENOI functions as a novel suppressor of ferroptosis during colitis and colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kongdi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Nunes LGA, Ma C, Hoffmann FW, Shay AE, Pitts MW, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein I is indispensable for ether lipid homeostasis and proper myelination. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107259. [PMID: 38582453 PMCID: PMC11061234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) catalyzes the final reaction of the CDP-ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway, generating the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenyl-PE. Plasmenyl-PE is a key component of myelin and is characterized by a vinyl ether bond that preferentially reacts with oxidants, thus serves as a sacrificial antioxidant. In humans, multiple loss-of-function mutations in genes affecting plasmenyl-PE metabolism have been implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegia, including SELENOI. Herein, we developed a mouse model of nervous system-restricted SELENOI deficiency that circumvents embryonic lethality caused by constitutive deletion and recapitulates phenotypic features of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Resulting mice exhibited pronounced alterations in brain lipid composition, which coincided with motor deficits and neuropathology including hypomyelination, elevated reactive gliosis, and microcephaly. Further studies revealed increased lipid peroxidation in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and disrupted oligodendrocyte maturation both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, these findings detail a critical role for SELENOI-derived plasmenyl-PE in myelination that is of paramount importance for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance G A Nunes
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Brampton C, Pomozi V, Le Corre Y, Zoll J, Kauffenstein G, Ma C, Hoffmann PR, Martin L, Le Saux O. Bone Marrow-Derived ABCC6 Is an Essential Regulator of Ectopic Calcification In Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00110-6. [PMID: 38367909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Physiological calcification of soft tissues is a common occurrence in aging and various acquired and inherited disorders. ABCC6 sequence variations cause the calcification phenotype of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) as well as some cases of generalized arterial calcification of infancy, which is otherwise caused by defective ENPP1. ABCC6 is primarily expressed in the liver, which has given the impression that the liver is central to the pathophysiology of PXE/generalized arterial calcification of infancy. The emergence of inflammation as a contributor to the calcification in PXE suggested that peripheral tissues play a larger role than expected. In this study, we investigated whether bone marrow-derived ABCC6 contributes to the calcification in PXE. In Abcc6‒/‒ mice, we observed prevalent mineralization in several lymph nodes and surrounding connective tissues and an extensive network of lymphatic vessels within vibrissae, a calcified tissue in Abcc6‒/‒ mice. Furthermore, we found evidence of lymphangiogenesis in patients with PXE and mouse skin, suggesting an inflammatory process. Finally, restoring wild-type bone marrow in Abcc6‒/‒ mice produced a significant reduction of calcification, suggesting that the liver alone is not sufficient to fully inhibit mineralization. With evidence that ABCC6 is expressed in lymphocytes, we suggest that the adaptative immune system and inflammation largely contribute to the calcification in PXE/generalized arterial calcification of infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brampton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California, USA
| | - Viola Pomozi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yannick Le Corre
- PXE National Reference Center (MAGEC Nord), University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Janna Zoll
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Gilles Kauffenstein
- UMR INSERM 1260, Nano Regenerative Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ludovic Martin
- PXE National Reference Center (MAGEC Nord), University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France; CNRS 6015, UMR INSERM U1083, MITOVASC Laboratory, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
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Li F, Shi Z, Cheng M, Zhou Z, Chu M, Sun L, Zhou JC. Biology and Roles in Diseases of Selenoprotein I Characterized by Ethanolamine Phosphotransferase Activity and Antioxidant Potential. J Nutr 2023; 153:3164-3172. [PMID: 36963501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) has been demonstrated to be an ethanolamine phosphotransferase (EPT) characterized by a nonselenoenzymatic domain and to be involved in the main synthetic branch of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, defects of SELENOI may affect the health status through the multiple functions of PE. On the other hand, selenium (Se) is covalently incorporated into SELENOI as selenocysteine (Sec) in its peptide, which forms a Sec-centered domain as in the other members of the selenoprotein family. Unlike other selenoproteins, Sec-containing SELENOI was formed at a later stage of animal evolution, and the high conservation of the structural domain for PE synthesis across a wide range of species suggests the importance of EPT activity in supporting the survival and evolution of organisms. A variety of factors, such as species characteristics (age and sex), diet and nutrition (dietary Se and fat intakes), SELENOI-specific properties (tissue distribution and rank in the selenoproteome), etc., synergistically regulate the expression of SELENOI in a tentatively unclear interaction. The N- and C-terminal domains confer 2 distinct biochemical functions to SELENOI, namely PE regulation and antioxidant potential, which may allow it to be involved in numerous physiological processes, including neurological diseases (especially hereditary spastic paraplegia), T cell activation, tumorigenesis, and adipocyte differentiation. In this review, we summarize advances in the biology and roles of SELENOI, shedding light on the precise regulation of SELENOI expression and PE homeostasis by dietary Se intake and pharmaceutical or transgenic approaches to modulate the corresponding pathological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengna Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhan Shi
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minning Cheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhou
- School of Medical, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Litao Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ji-Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, China.
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Qi L, Wang Y, Wang R, Wang M, Jablonska E, Zhou H, Su S, Jia Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang T. Association of Plasma Selenium and Its Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling with Cervical Cancer Prognosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4637-4648. [PMID: 36609649 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that shows beneficial or adverse health effects depending on the dose. However, its role in the prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) has been less reported. We aimed to explore the association between selenium status and prognosis in CC patients with different prognoses and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of selenium in CC prognosis. This cross-sectional observational study had a case-control design at the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital and was conducted using 29 CC cases with poor prognosis and 29 CC cases with good prognosis. Plasma selenium levels were measured using an atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify metabolites. Plasma selenium levels of the poor prognosis group (49.90 ± 13.81 µg/L) were lower than that of the good prognosis group (59.38 ± 13.00 µg/L, t = 2.69, P = 0.009). In the logistic regression analysis, plasma selenium levels were associated with lower poor prognosis risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.952, 95% CI: 0.909-0.998]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an optimal cut-off point of plasma selenium levels ≤ 47.68 µg/L for poor prognosis of CC. Based on the cut-off selenium levels, patients with different prognoses were divided into high and low selenium groups. Metabolomic analysis revealed six differential metabolites among different prognoses with low and high selenium levels, and the glycerophospholipid (GPL) metabolism was enriched. Plasma selenium levels were positively correlated with metabolite levels. Our findings provided evidence that low plasma selenium levels may associate with a poor prognosis of CC. Low plasma selenium levels might suppress GPL metabolism and influence the prognosis of CC. This finding requires confirmation in future prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Sw. Teresy 8 Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272029, China
| | - Shengqi Su
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuehui Jia
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.17 Fuhou Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Chaudière J. Biological and Catalytic Properties of Selenoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10109. [PMID: 37373256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenocysteine is a catalytic residue at the active site of all selenoenzymes in bacteria and mammals, and it is incorporated into the polypeptide backbone by a co-translational process that relies on the recoding of a UGA termination codon into a serine/selenocysteine codon. The best-characterized selenoproteins from mammalian species and bacteria are discussed with emphasis on their biological function and catalytic mechanisms. A total of 25 genes coding for selenoproteins have been identified in the genome of mammals. Unlike the selenoenzymes of anaerobic bacteria, most mammalian selenoenzymes work as antioxidants and as redox regulators of cell metabolism and functions. Selenoprotein P contains several selenocysteine residues and serves as a selenocysteine reservoir for other selenoproteins in mammals. Although extensively studied, glutathione peroxidases are incompletely understood in terms of local and time-dependent distribution, and regulatory functions. Selenoenzymes take advantage of the nucleophilic reactivity of the selenolate form of selenocysteine. It is used with peroxides and their by-products such as disulfides and sulfoxides, but also with iodine in iodinated phenolic substrates. This results in the formation of Se-X bonds (X = O, S, N, or I) from which a selenenylsulfide intermediate is invariably produced. The initial selenolate group is then recycled by thiol addition. In bacterial glycine reductase and D-proline reductase, an unusual catalytic rupture of selenium-carbon bonds is observed. The exchange of selenium for sulfur in selenoproteins, and information obtained from model reactions, suggest that a generic advantage of selenium compared with sulfur relies on faster kinetics and better reversibility of its oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Chaudière
- CBMN (CNRS, UMR 5248), University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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Zhao R, Miao W, Li B. The Relation Between Trace Elements and Latent Tuberculosis Infection: a Study Based on National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2011-2012. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1080-1089. [PMID: 35482174 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the potential association between trace elements and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) based on the data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2011-2012. In this cross-sectional study, tuberculin skin testing (TST) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) were utilized to screen for LTBI. Participants with positive results of TST or/and QFT-GIT were defined as LTBI. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between trace elements and LTBI. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to gender, age, birthplace, race, and health insurance holding status. A total of 6064 participants were included in this study, of whom 655 (10.80%) participants were with positive results of LTBI. Weighted multivariable analysis demonstrated that zinc [odds ratio (OR) = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82-0.97] and selenium (OR = 0.31; 95%CI, 0.13-0.70) in the serum may be associated with a reduced risk of LTBI. In different concentrations of zinc and selenium, serum zinc concentration of 12.56-13.99 μmol/l (vs. < 11.23 μmol/l; OR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.20-0.67) was related to a reduced risk of LTBI, while no significant difference was observed under different selenium levels (P > 0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated that the role of zinc and selenium in reducing TB risk may be more significant in males, people aged 21-64, people born in the USA, people with health insurance, and non-Hispanic Whites. Maintaining serum zinc and selenium levels may help reduce the risk of LTBI and indirectly help people prevent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, 024000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, 024000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Dingxi People's Hospital, No. 22 Anding Road, Dingxi, 743000, People's Republic of China.
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Ghelichkhani F, Gonzalez FA, Kapitonova MA, Rozovsky S. Selenoprotein S Interacts with the Replication and Transcription Complex of SARS-CoV-2 by Binding nsp7. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168008. [PMID: 36773692 PMCID: PMC9911985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates and evades detection using ER membranes and their associated protein machinery. Among these hijacked human proteins is selenoprotein S (selenos). This selenoprotein takes part in the protein quality control, signaling, and the regulation of cytokine secretion. While the role of selenos in the viral life cycle is not yet known, it has been reported to interact with SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 7 (nsp7), a viral protein essential for the replication of the virus. We set to study whether selenos and nsp7 interact directly and if they can still bind when nsp7 is bound to the replication and transcription complex of the virus. Using biochemical assays, we show that selenos binds directly to nsp7. In addition, we found that selenos can bind to nsp7 when it is in a complex with the coronavirus's minimal replication and transcription complex, comprised of nsp7, nsp8, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase nsp12. In addition, through crosslinking experiments, we mapped the interaction sites of selenos and nsp7 in the replication complex and showed that the hydrophobic segment of selenos is essential for binding to nsp7. This arrangement leaves an extended helix and the intrinsically disordered segment of selenos-including the reactive selenocysteine-exposed and free to potentially recruit additional proteins to the replication and transcription complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Ghelichkhani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Fabio A Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mariia A Kapitonova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Ma C, Hoffmann FW, Nunes LG, Urena F, Andrukhiv A, Gerschenson M, Pitts MW, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein I deficiency in T cells promotes differentiation into tolerant phenotypes while decreasing Th17 pathology. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1387-1397. [PMID: 35916034 PMCID: PMC9701159 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0122-080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) is an ethanolamine phospholipid transferase contributing to cellular metabolism and the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. SELENOI knockout (KO) in T cells has been shown to impair metabolic reprogramming during T cell activation and reduce GPI-anchored Thy-1 levels, which are both crucial for Th17 differentiation. This suggests SELENOI may be important for Th17 differentiation, and we found that SELENOI was indeed up-regulated early during the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells in Th17 conditions. SELENOI KO reduced RORγt mRNA levels by decreasing SOX5 and STAT3 binding to promoter and enhancer regions in the RORC gene encoding this master regulator of Th17 cell differentiation. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into inflammatory versus tolerogenic Th cell subsets was analyzed and results showed that SELENOI deficiency skewed differentiation away from pathogenic Th17 cells (RORγt+ and IL-17A+ ) while promoting tolerogenic phenotypes (Foxp3+ and IL-10+ ). Wild-type and T cell-specific SELENOI KO mice were subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), with KO mice exhibiting diminished clinical symptoms, reduced CNS pathology and decreased T cell infiltration. Flow cytometry showed that SELENOI T cell KO mice exhibited lower CD4+ RORγt+ and CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells and higher CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T cells in CNS tissues of mice subjected to EAE. Thus, the metabolic enzyme SELENOI is up-regulated to promote RORγt transcription that drives Th17 differentiation, and SELENOI deficiency shifts differentiation toward tolerogenic phenotypes while protecting against pathogenic Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Lance G Nunes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Frank Urena
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Anastasia Andrukhiv
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Bi ology, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
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Nunes LGA, Pitts MW, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein I (selenoi) as a critical enzyme in the central nervous system. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 729:109376. [PMID: 36007576 PMCID: PMC11166481 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (selenoi) is a unique selenocysteine (Sec)-containing protein widely expressed throughout the body. Selenoi belongs to two different protein families: the selenoproteins that are characterized by a redox reactive Sec residue and the lipid phosphotransferases that contain the highly conserved cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-alcohol phosphotransferase motif. Selenoi catalyzes the third reaction of the CDP-ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This is not a redox reaction and does not directly involve the Sec residue, making selenoi quite distinct among selenoproteins. Selenoi is also unique among lipid phosphotransferases as the only family member containing a Sec residue near its C-terminus that serves an unknown function. The reaction catalyzed by selenoi involves the transfer of the ethanolamine phosphate group from CDP-ethanolamine to one of two lipid donors, 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) or 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerol (AAG), to produce PE or plasmanyl PE, respectively. Plasmanyl PE is subsequently converted to plasmenyl PE by plasmanylethanolamine desaturase. Both PE and plasmenyl PE are critical phospholipids in the central nervous system (CNS), as demonstrated through clinical studies involving SELENOI mutations as well as studies in cell lines and mice. Deletion of SELENOI in mice is embryonic lethal, while loss-of-function mutations in the human SELENOI gene have been found in rare cases leading to a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). HSP is an upper motor disease characterized by spasticity of the lower limbs, which is often manifested with other symptoms such as impaired vision/hearing, ataxia, cognitive/intellectual impairment, and seizures. This article will summarize the current understanding of selenoi as a metabolic enzyme and discuss its role in the CNS physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance G A Nunes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Chou C, Mohanty S, Kang HA, Kong L, Avila‐Pacheco J, Joshi SR, Ueda I, Devine L, Raddassi K, Pierce K, Jeanfavre S, Bullock K, Meng H, Clish C, Santori FR, Shaw AC, Xavier RJ. Metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures of influenza vaccine response in healthy young and older adults. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13682. [PMID: 35996998 PMCID: PMC9470889 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza causes mild to severe respiratory infections and significant morbidity, especially in older adults. Transcriptomic analysis in populations across multiple flu seasons has provided insights into the molecular determinants of vaccine response. Still, the metabolic changes that underlie the immune response to influenza vaccination remain poorly characterized. We performed untargeted metabolomics to analyze plasma metabolites in a cohort of younger and older subjects before and after influenza vaccination to identify vaccine-induced molecular signatures. Metabolomic and transcriptomic data were combined to define networks of gene and metabolic signatures indicative of high and low antibody response in these individuals. We observed age-related differences in metabolic baselines and signatures of antibody response to influenza vaccination and the abundance of α-linolenic and linoleic acids, sterol esters, fatty-acylcarnitines, and triacylglycerol metabolism. We identified a metabolomic signature associated with age-dependent vaccine response, finding increased tryptophan and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in young high responders (HRs), while fatty acid synthesis and cholesteryl esters accumulated in older HRs. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis shows that depletion of PUFAs, which are building blocks for prostaglandins and other lipid immunomodulators, in young HR subjects at Day 28 is related to a robust immune response to influenza vaccination. Increased glycerophospholipid levels were associated with an inflammatory response in older HRs to flu vaccination. This multi-omics approach uncovered age-related molecular markers associated with influenza vaccine response and provides insight into vaccine-induced metabolic responses that may help guide development of more effective influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Hung Chou
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Lingjia Kong
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Samit R. Joshi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ikuyo Ueda
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Lesley Devine
- Department of Laboratory MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Khadir Raddassi
- Department of NeurologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Kerry Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Kevin Bullock
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hailong Meng
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fabio R. Santori
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Klarman Cell ObservatoryBroad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular BiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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12
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Advances in the Study of the Mechanism by Which Selenium and Selenoproteins Boost Immunity to Prevent Food Allergies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153133. [PMID: 35956310 PMCID: PMC9370097 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that functions in the body mainly in the form of selenoproteins. The selenoprotein contains 25 members in humans that exhibit a number of functions. Selenoproteins have immunomodulatory functions and can enhance the ability of immune system to regulate in a variety of ways, which can have a preventive effect on immune-related diseases. Food allergy is a specific immune response that has been increasing in number in recent years, significantly reducing the quality of life and posing a major threat to human health. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of Se and selenoproteins in regulating the immune system and how dysregulation of these processes may lead to food allergies. Thus, we can explain the mechanism by which Se and selenoproteins boost immunity to prevent food allergies.
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13
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Sologova SS, Zavadskiy SP, Mokhosoev IM, Moldogazieva NT. Short Linear Motifs Orchestrate Functioning of Human Proteins during Embryonic Development, Redox Regulation, and Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050464. [PMID: 35629968 PMCID: PMC9144484 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short linear motifs (SLiMs) are evolutionarily conserved functional modules of proteins that represent amino acid stretches composed of 3 to 10 residues. The biological activities of two short peptide segments of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a major embryo-specific and cancer-related protein, have been confirmed experimentally. This is a heptapeptide segment LDSYQCT in domain I designated as AFP14–20 and a nonapeptide segment EMTPVNPGV in domain III designated as GIP-9. In our work, we searched the UniprotKB database for human proteins that contain SLiMs with sequence similarity to the both segments of human AFP and undertook gene ontology (GO)-based functional categorization of retrieved proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis included GO terms for biological process, molecular function, metabolic pathway, KEGG pathway, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) categories. We identified the SLiMs of interest in a variety of non-homologous proteins involved in multiple cellular processes underlying embryonic development, cancer progression, and, unexpectedly, the regulation of redox homeostasis. These included transcription factors, cell adhesion proteins, ubiquitin-activating and conjugating enzymes, cell signaling proteins, and oxidoreductase enzymes. They function by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle, DNA replication/repair/recombination, metabolism, immune/inflammatory response, and apoptosis. In addition to the retrieved genes, new interacting genes were identified. Our data support the hypothesis that conserved SLiMs are incorporated into non-homologous proteins to serve as functional blocks for their orchestrated functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S. Sologova
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
| | - Sergey P. Zavadskiy
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
| | - Innokenty M. Mokhosoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nurbubu T. Moldogazieva
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Karimi Z, Oskouie AA, Rezaie F, Ajaminejad F, Marashi SM, Azad TM. The Effect of Influenza Virus on The Metabolism of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Metabolomics Approach. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4383-4392. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Karimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- Department of Basic, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farhad Rezaie
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Ajaminejad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
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Urena F, Ma C, Hoffmann FW, Nunes LGA, Urschitz J, Moisyadi S, Khadka VS, Deng Y, Hoffmann PR. T-cell activation decreases miRNA-15a/16 levels to promote MEK1-ERK1/2-Elk1 signaling and proliferative capacity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101634. [PMID: 35085550 PMCID: PMC8861121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While miRs have been extensively studied in the context of malignancy and tumor progression, their functions in regulating T-cell activation are less clear. In initial studies, we found reduced levels of miR-15a/16 at 3 to 18 h post-T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, suggesting a role for decreased levels of this miR pair in shaping T-cell activation. To further explore this, we developed an inducible miR15a/16 transgenic mouse model to determine how elevating miR-15a/16 levels during early stages of activation would affect T-cell proliferation and to identify TCR signaling pathways regulated by this miR pair. Doxycycline (DOX)-induced expression of miR-15a/16 from 0 to 18 h post-TCR stimulation decreased ex vivo T-cell proliferation as well as in vivo antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. We also combined bioinformatics and proteomics approaches to identify the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) (Map2k1) as a target of miR-15a/16. MEK1 targeting by miR-15a/16 was confirmed using miR mimics that decreased Map2k1 mRNA containing the 3'-UTR target nucleotide sequence (UGCUGCUA) but did not decrease Map2k1 containing a mutated control sequence (AAAAAAAA). Phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Elk1, was also decreased by DOX-induced miR-15a/16 expression. In addition to MEK1, ERK1 was subsequently found to be targeted by miR-15a/16, with DOX-induced miR-15a/16 reducing total ERK1 levels in T cells. These findings show that TCR stimulation reduces miR-15a/16 levels at early stages of T-cell activation to facilitate increased MEK1 and ERK1, which promotes the sustained MEK1-ERK1/2-Elk1 signaling required for optimal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Urena
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Lance G A Nunes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Vedbar S Khadka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
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16
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Ye R, Huang J, Wang Z, Chen Y, Dong Y. Trace Element Selenium Effectively Alleviates Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111708. [PMID: 34769138 PMCID: PMC8584275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the body. It is mainly used in the body in the form of selenoproteins and has a variety of biological functions. Intestinal diseases caused by chronic inflammation are among the most important threats to human health, and there is no complete cure at present. Due to its excellent antioxidant function, Se has been proven to be effective in alleviating intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Therefore, this paper introduces the role of Se and selenoproteins in the intestinal tract and the mechanism of their involvement in the mediation of intestinal diseases. In addition, it introduces the advantages and disadvantages of nano-Se as a new Se preparation and traditional Se supplement in the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases, so as to provide a reference for the further exploration of the interaction between selenium and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Ma C, Martinez-Rodriguez V, Hoffmann PR. Roles for Selenoprotein I and Ethanolamine Phospholipid Synthesis in T Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011174. [PMID: 34681834 PMCID: PMC8540796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenoprotein family includes 25 members, many of which are antioxidant or redox regulating enzymes. A unique member of this family is Selenoprotein I (SELENOI), which does not catalyze redox reactions, but instead is an ethanolamine phosphotransferase (Ept). In fact, the characteristic selenocysteine residue that defines selenoproteins lies far outside of the catalytic domain of SELENOI. Furthermore, data using recombinant SELENOI lacking the selenocysteine residue have suggested that the selenocysteine amino acid is not directly involved in the Ept reaction. SELENOI is involved in two different pathways for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenyl PE, which are constituents of cellular membranes. Ethanolamine phospholipid synthesis has emerged as an important process for metabolic reprogramming that occurs in pluripotent stem cells and proliferating tumor cells, and this review discusses roles for upregulation of SELENOI during T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. SELENOI deficiency lowers but does not completely diminish de novo synthesis of PE and plasmenyl PE during T cell activation. Interestingly, metabolic reprogramming in activated SELENOI deficient T cells is impaired and this reduces proliferative capacity while favoring tolerogenic to pathogenic phenotypes that arise from differentiation. The implications of these findings are discussed related to vaccine responses, autoimmunity, and cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Multi-Omics Analysis to Generate Hypotheses for Mild Health Problems in Monkeys. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100701. [PMID: 34677416 PMCID: PMC8538200 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain symptoms associated with mild sickness and lethargy have not been categorized as definitive diseases. Confirming such symptoms in captive monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, known as cynomolgus monkeys) can be difficult; however, it is possible to observe and analyze their feces. In this study, we investigated the relationship between stool state and various omics data by considering objective and quantitative values of stool water content as a phenotype for analysis. By examining the food intake of the monkeys and assessing their stool, urine, and plasma, we attempted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the health status of individual monkeys and correlate it with the stool condition. Our metabolomics data strongly suggested that many lipid-related metabolites were correlated with the stool water content. The lipidomic analysis revealed the involvement of saturated and oxidized fatty acids, metallomics revealed the contribution of selenium (a bio-essential trace element), and intestinal microbiota analysis revealed the association of several bacterial species with the stool water content. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the redox imbalance causes minor health problems. However, it is not possible to make a definite conclusion using multi-omics alone, and other hypotheses could be proposed.
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Schomburg L. Selenium Deficiency Due to Diet, Pregnancy, Severe Illness, or COVID-19-A Preventable Trigger for Autoimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8532. [PMID: 34445238 PMCID: PMC8395178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is an essential part of the human diet; moreover, increased health risks have been observed with Se deficiency. A sufficiently high Se status is a prerequisite for adequate immune response, and preventable endemic diseases are known from areas with Se deficiency. Biomarkers of Se status decline strongly in pregnancy, severe illness, or COVID-19, reaching critically low concentrations. Notably, these conditions are associated with an increased risk for autoimmune disease (AID). Positive effects on the immune system are observed with Se supplementation in pregnancy, autoimmune thyroid disease, and recovery from severe illness. However, some studies reported null results; the database is small, and randomized trials are sparse. The current need for research on the link between AID and Se deficiency is particularly obvious for rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Despite these gaps in knowledge, it seems timely to realize that severe Se deficiency may trigger AID in susceptible subjects. Improved dietary choices or supplemental Se are efficient ways to avoid severe Se deficiency, thereby decreasing AID risk and improving disease course. A personalized approach is needed in clinics and during therapy, while population-wide measures should be considered for areas with habitual low Se intake. Finland has been adding Se to its food chain for more than 35 years-a wise and commendable decision, according to today's knowledge. It is unfortunate that the health risks of Se deficiency are often neglected, while possible side effects of Se supplementation are exaggerated, leading to disregard for this safe and promising preventive and adjuvant treatment options. This is especially true in the follow-up situations of pregnancy, severe illness, or COVID-19, where massive Se deficiencies have developed and are associated with AID risk, long-lasting health impairments, and slow recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR)-Research Center, Hessische Straße 3-4, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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