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Al-Naqeb G, Pietrolucci F, Commisso M, Kalmpourtzidou A, Oldani A, Boussetta S, Maccarini B, De Giuseppe R, Cena H. Metabolomic Profiling and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Antigenotoxic Effects of Staphylea pinnata L. Extract from Italian Flora. Biomolecules 2025; 15:385. [PMID: 40149921 PMCID: PMC11940221 DOI: 10.3390/biom15030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Staphylea pinnata L., (S. pinnata), has long been recognized in Europe as both a wild food source and a traditional medicinal. This study aimed to characterize the metabolomic profile of the leaf extract of S. pinnata and assess its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic effects in vitro for the first time. The methanolic extract of the leaves was analyzed using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). To evaluate its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic properties, the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay was performed on Chinese hamster ovarian K1 cells. The analysis revealed a wide variety of metabolites in the extract, with B-type procyanidins and prodelphinidins being the most abundant. The genotoxicity of the extract varied depending on its concentration; at the lowest concentration (75 μg/mL), it showed no genotoxic effects and exhibited antigenotoxic properties by reducing the frequency of micronuclei induced by mitomycin C. However, at the highest concentration (300 μg/mL), the extract demonstrated genotoxic effects. In conclusion, the S. pinnata extract displayed both genotoxic and antigenotoxic properties, which may be attributed to its phytochemical composition. These findings highlight the complex nature of the plant's bioactive compounds, suggesting potential therapeutic applications with careful consideration of dosage. Additional research is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanya Al-Naqeb
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (S.B.); (B.M.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Sana’a, Sana’a P.O. Box 1247, Yemen
| | - Fabio Pietrolucci
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Aliki Kalmpourtzidou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (S.B.); (B.M.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Amanda Oldani
- PASS-Bio Med, Centro Grandi Strumenti, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sara Boussetta
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (S.B.); (B.M.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Beatrice Maccarini
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (S.B.); (B.M.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (S.B.); (B.M.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.K.); (S.B.); (B.M.); (R.D.G.); (H.C.)
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Al-Naqeb G, Kalmpourtzidou A, Giampieri F, De Giuseppe R, Cena H. Genotoxic and antigenotoxic medicinal plant extracts and their main phytochemicals: "A review". Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1448731. [PMID: 39679368 PMCID: PMC11637852 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1448731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plant extracts have been proven to have significant health benefits. In contrast, research has shown that some medicinal plant extracts can be toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. Therefore, evaluation of the genotoxicity effects of plant extracts that are used as traditional medicine is essential to ensure they are safe for use and in the search for new medication. This review summarizes 52 published studies on the genotoxicity of 28 plant extracts used in traditional medicine. A brief overview of the selected plant extracts, including, for example, their medicinal uses, pharmacological effects, and primary identified compounds, as well as plant parts used, the extraction method, genotoxic assay, and phytochemicals responsible for genotoxicity effect were provided. The genotoxicity effect of selected plant extracts in most of the reviewed articles was based on the experimental conditions. Among different reviewed studies, A total of 6 plant extracts showed no genotoxic effect, other 14 plant extracts showed either genotoxic or mutagenic effect and 14 plant extracts showed anti-genotoxic effect against different genotoxic induced agents. In addition, 4 plant extracts showed both genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects and 6 plant extracts showed both genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects. While some suggestions on the responsible compounds of the genotoxicity effects were proposed, the proposed responsible phytochemicals were not individually tested for the genotoxicity potential to confirm the findings. In addition, the mechanisms by which most plant extracts exert their genotoxicity effect remain unidentified. Therefore, more research on the genotoxicity of medicinal plant extracts and their genotoxicity mechanisms is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanya Al-Naqeb
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Sana’a, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Aliki Kalmpourtzidou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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Koshkina DO, Maluchenko NV, Korovina AN, Lobanova AA, Feofanov AV, Studitsky VM. Resveratrol Inhibits Nucleosome Binding and Catalytic Activity of PARP1. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1398. [PMID: 39595575 PMCID: PMC11591765 DOI: 10.3390/biom14111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The natural polyphenol resveratrol is a biologically active compound that interacts with DNA and affects the activity of some nuclear enzymes. Its effect on the interaction between nucleosomes and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) and on the catalytic activity of PARP1 was studied using Western blotting, spectrophotometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and single particle Förster resonance energy transfer microscopy. Resveratrol inhibited PARP1 activity at micro- and sub-micromolar concentrations, but the inhibitory effect decreased at higher concentrations due to the aggregation of the polyphenol. The inhibition of PARP1 by resveratrol was accompanied by its binding to the enzyme catalytic center and a subsequent decrease in PARP1 affinity to nucleosomal DNA. Concurrent binding of talazoparib to the substrate binding pocket of PARP1, which occurs in the presence of resveratrol, restores the interaction of PARP1 with nucleosomes, suggesting that the binding sites of resveratrol and talazoparib overlap. The data suggest that resveratrol can be classified as a natural inhibitor of PARP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria O. Koshkina
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia; (D.O.K.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Natalya V. Maluchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia; (D.O.K.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Anna N. Korovina
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia; (D.O.K.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Angelina A. Lobanova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia; (D.O.K.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia; (D.O.K.); (A.A.L.)
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117437, Russia
| | - Vasily M. Studitsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234, Russia; (D.O.K.); (A.A.L.)
- Cancer Epigenetics Team, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cottman Avenue 333, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Song R, Jiang Y, Zhang B, Jiao Z, Yang X, Zhang N. Effects of Hypericum attenuatum Choisy extract on the immunologic function and intestinal microflora of broilers under oxidative stress. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104189. [PMID: 39191003 PMCID: PMC11395763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of Hypericum attenuatum Choisy extract (HYG) on immunological function and the cecum microflora in broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 8 broilers each: 1) the CN group, in which broilers were injected with saline and fed a basal diet; 2) the PC group, in which broilers were injected with lipolyaccharide (LPS) and fed a basal diet; 3) the HYG1 group, in which broilers were injected with LPS and fed a 400 mg/kg HYG-supplemented diet; 4) the HYG2 group, in which broilers were injected with LPS and fed a 800 mg/kg HYG-supplemented diet; 5) the HYG3 group, in which broilers were injected with LPS and fed a 1,200 mg/kg HYG-supplemented diet. Broilers were injected with 1 mg/kg LPS or the same amount saline 12 hours before sampling on d 21 and 42. The results revealed that dietary 400 mg/kg HYG supplementation alleviated spleen index and thymus index abnormalities, balanced the disturbance of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgA levels, and regulated the cytokine balance in the serum, liver, spleen and jejunum tissues included induced by LPS. Dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg HYG also downregulated the relative expression of the inhibitor of kappa B kinase alpha (IKKα) and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNAs in the liver and upregulated the relative expression of the inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) and IL-10 mRNAs in the spleen. Dietary HYG improved the cecal microflora balance at 42 d by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Alistipes and Phascolarctobacterium, while reducing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Helicobacter and Colidextribacter. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between activation of the NF-κB inhibitory pathway in the liver and the presence of Phascolarctobacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Subdoligranulum and Parabacteroides. Conclusions: The incorporation of 400 mg/kg HYG into the diet was optimal in improving broiler immunological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shuyang County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Shuyang 223600, China
| | - Yanzhen Jiang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zimeng Jiao
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Nanyi Zhang
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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de Lima E Souza Mesquita GC, Da Cruz ER, Corrêa DS, de Barros Falcão Ferraz A, Miri JM, Farias IV, Reginatto FH, Boaretto FBM, Dos Santos DM, da Silva J, Grivicich I, Picada JN. Genotoxic and antiproliferative properties of Endopleura uchi bark aqueous extract. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:516-531. [PMID: 38619152 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2340069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The bark extract from Endopleura uchi has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat gynecological-related disorders, diabetes, and dyslipidemias albeit without scientific proof. In addition, E. uchi bark extract safety, especially regarding mutagenic activities, is not known. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antitumor, and toxicological parameters attributed to an E. uchi bark aqueous extract. The phytochemical constitution was assessed by colorimetric and chromatographic analyzes. The antiproliferative effect was determined using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay using 4 cancer cell lines. Cytotoxic and genotoxic activities were assessed utilizing MTT and comet assays, respectively, while mutagenicity was determined through micronucleus and Salmonella/microsome assays. The chromatographic analysis detected predominantly the presence of gallic acid and isoquercitrin. The antiproliferative effect was more pronounced in human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. In the MTT assay, the extract presented an IC50 = 39.1 µg/ml and exhibited genotoxic (comet assay) and mutagenic (micronucleus test) activities at 20 and 40 µg/ml in mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) and mutagenicity in the TA102 and TA97a strains in the absence of S9 mix. Data demonstrated that E. uchi bark possesses bioactive compounds which exert cytotoxic and genotoxic effects that might be associated with its antitumor potential. Therefore, E. uchi bark aqueous extract consumption needs to be approached with caution in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elkejer Ribeiro Da Cruz
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Center for Research in Product and Development (CEPPED), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dione Silva Corrêa
- Center for Research in Product and Development (CEPPED), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmaceutical, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Machado Miri
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Vicente Farias
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Duani Maria Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics Toxicology, La Salle University, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Grivicich
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Flórez González SJ, Stashenko EE, Ocazionez RE, Vinardell MP, Fuentes JL. In vitro Safety Assessment of Extracts and Compounds From Plants as Sunscreen Ingredients. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:243-252. [PMID: 38183303 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231225661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This work investigated the safety of extracts obtained from plants growing in Colombia, which have previously shown UV-filter/antigenotoxic properties. The compounds in plant extracts obtained by the supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction method were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Cytotoxicity measured as cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) and genotoxicity of the plant extracts and some compounds were studied in human fibroblasts using the trypan blue exclusion assay and the Comet assay, respectively. The extracts from Pipper eriopodon and Salvia aratocensis species and the compound trans-β-caryophyllene were clearly cytotoxic to human fibroblasts. Conversely, Achyrocline satureioides, Chromolaena pellia, and Lippia origanoides extracts were relatively less cytotoxic with CC50 values of 173, 184, and 89 μg/mL, respectively. The C. pellia and L. origanoides extracts produced some degree of DNA breaks at cytotoxic concentrations. The cytotoxicity of the studied compounds was as follows, with lower CC50 values representing the most cytotoxic compounds: resveratrol (91 μM) > pinocembrin (144 μM) > quercetin (222 μM) > titanium dioxide (704 μM). Quercetin was unique among the compounds assayed in being genotoxic to human fibroblasts. Our work indicates that phytochemicals can be cytotoxic and genotoxic, demonstrating the need to establish safe concentrations of these extracts for their potential use in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Juliana Flórez González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Raquel Elvira Ocazionez
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - María Pilar Vinardell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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Wang Q, Ma C, Wang N, Mao H. Effects of quercetin on the DNA methylation pattern in tumor therapy: an updated review. Food Funct 2024; 15:3897-3907. [PMID: 38535893 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin is a unique bioactive flavonoid, and is an excellent antioxidant and has anti-tumor effects by regulating different tumor-related processes like proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and spread. The latest investigations reveal that quercetin may have the capability to influence DNA methylation modification, one of the primary factors in the development of tumors. Despite the fact that quercetin has significant therapeutic properties, its use as an anti-tumor medicine is constrained by its poor solubility, short half-life, and ineffective tumor targeting. Here, we review the structure and properties of quercetin, its capacity for DNA methylation modification in tumors, and the possibility of nanoscale delivery of quercetin for future tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China.
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Chen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China.
| | - Huixian Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China.
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Radović Jakovljević M, Grujičić D, Stanković M, Milošević-Djordjević O. Artemisia vulgaris L., Artemisia alba Turra and their constituents reduce mitomycin C-induced genomic instability in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:156-165. [PMID: 36476306 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2154358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous and acetone extracts from Artemisia vulgaris L. (AV) and Artemisia alba Turra (AA), and two major polyphenols compounds (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside) presented in both extracts of the plants against mitomycin C (MMC)-induced genomic instability. Genomic instability was measured using cytokinesis block micronucleus (MN) assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in vitro by analyzing two biomarkers - MN and nuclear division index (NDI). Extracts were tested in a concentration-dependent manner (10-250 µg/mL), while 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside were tested in three different concentrations, in combination with 0.5 µg/mL of MMC. Aqueous and acetone extracts obtained from both plants significantly reduced MMC-induced MN frequency in PBLs, compared to positive control cells (p < 0.05). Extracts from AV did not affect NDI, whereas the concentrations of 10-100 μg/mL of aqueous and acetone AA extracts significantly elevated MMC-decreased NDI values in comparison to positive control cells (p < 0.05). Combined treatment of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and MMC showed a significant reduction of MMC-induced MN frequency, while quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside increased MN frequency compared to positive control cells (p < 0.05). Both compounds decreased NDI values but only at the highest tested concentration of quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside it was of greater significance. In conclusion, all extracts from AV and AA and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid showed protective effect, whereby aqueous AA demonstrated the highest protective effect on MMC- induced genomic instability, while quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside showed co-mutagen effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darko Grujičić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Stanković
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera Milošević-Djordjević
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Zong Z, Cheng X, Yang Y, Qiao J, Hao J, Li F. Association between dietary flavonol intake and mortality risk in the U.S. adults from NHANES database. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4572. [PMID: 38403683 PMCID: PMC10894877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Using updated National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) follow-up data, and a large nationwide representative sample of adult U.S. citizens, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary flavonol intake, all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks. In this prospective cohort study based on NHANES (2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018), a total of 11,679 participants aged 20 years and above were evaluated. The amount and type of food taken during a 24-h dietary recall were used to estimate dietary flavonol intake, which includes total flavonol, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin. Each analysis of the weighted data was dealt with in accordance with the NHANES reporting requirements' intricate stratification design. The Cox proportional risk regression model or Fine and Gray competing risks regression model were applied to evaluate all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks, respectively. The follow-up period was calculated using the time interval between the baseline and the death date or December 31, 2019 (whichever occurs first). Each data analysis was performed between October 1, 2023, and October 22, 2023. Dietary flavonol intake included total flavonol, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin. Up to December 31, 2019, National Death Index (NDI) mortality data were used to calculate mortality from all causes as well as cause-specific causes. A total of 11,679 individuals, which represents 44,189,487 U.S. non-hospitalized citizens, were included in the study; of these participants, 49.78% were male (n = 5816), 50.22% were female (n = 5, 863); 47.56% were Non-Hispanic White (n = 5554), 18.91% were Non-Hispanic Black (n = 2209), 16.23% were Mexican American (n = 1895), and 17.30% were other ethnicity (n = 2021); The mean [SE] age of the sample was 46.93 [0.36] years, with a median follow-up of 7.80 years (interquartile range, 7.55-8.07 years). After adjusting covariates, Cox proportional hazards models and fine and gray competing risks regression models for specific-cause mortality demonstrated that total flavonol intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.54-0.75), cancer-specific (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.70) and CVD-specific (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.96) mortality risks; isorhamnetin intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60-0.86), and cancer-specific (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46-0.83) mortality risks; kaempferol intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63-0.86), and cancer-specific (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.97) mortality risks; myricetin intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.88), AD-specific (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.85), and CVD-specific (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47-0.80) mortality risks; quercetin intake was associated with all-cause (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.54-0.81), cancer-specific (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.84), and CVD-specific (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.93) mortality risks; there was no correlation observed between dietary flavonol intake and DM-specific mortality. According to the current study, all-cause, AD, cancer, and CVD mortality risks declined with increased dietary flavonoid intake in the U.S. adults. This finding may be related to the anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress properties of flavonol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianchao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiqing Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Fanfan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China.
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10
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Bhoi A, Dwivedi SD, Singh D, Keshavkant S, Singh MR. Mechanistic prospective and pharmacological attributes of quercetin in attenuation of different types of arthritis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:362. [PMID: 37840879 PMCID: PMC10570262 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a frequent autoimmune disease with undefined etiology and pathogenesis. Scientific community constantly fascinating quercetin (QUR), as it is the best-known flavonoid among others for curative and preventive properties against a wide range of diseases. Due to its multifaceted activities, the implementation of QUR against various types of arthritis namely, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), gouty arthritis (GA) and psoriotic arthritis (PsA) has greatly increased in recent years. Many research evidenced that QUR regulates a wide range of pathways for instance NF-κB, MAK, Wnt/β-catenine, Notch, etc., that are majorly associated with the inflammatory mechanisms. Besides, the bioavailability of QUR is a major constrain to its therapeutic potential, and drug delivery techniques have experienced significant development to overcome the problem of its limited application. Hence, this review compiled the cutting-edge experiments on versatile effects of QUR on inflammatory diseases like RA, OA, GA and PsA, sources and bioavailability, therapeutic challenges, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies as well as toxicological impacts. The use of QUR in a health context would offer a tearing and potential therapeutic method, supporting the advancement of public health, particularly, of arthritic patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bhoi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010 India
| | - Shradha Devi Dwivedi
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010 India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010 India
| | - S. Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010 India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010 India
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11
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Sadžak A, Eraković M, Šegota S. Kinetics of Flavonoid Degradation and Controlled Release from Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5148-5159. [PMID: 37651612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are naturally occurring antioxidants that have been shown to protect cell membranes from oxidative stress and have a potential use in photodynamic cancer treatment. However, they degrade at physiological pH values, which is often neglected in drug release studies. Kinetic study of flavonoid oxidation can help to understand the mechanism of degradation and to correctly analyze flavonoid release data. Additionally, the incorporation of flavonoids into magnetic nanocarriers can be utilized to mitigate degradation and overcome their low solubility, while the release can be controlled using magnetic fields (MFs). An approach that combines alternating least squares (ALS) and multilinear regression to consider flavonoid autoxidation in release studies is presented. This approach can be used in general cases to account for the degradation of unstable drugs released from nanoparticles. The oxidation of quercetin, myricetin (MCE), and myricitrin (MCI) was studied in PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) using UV-vis spectrophotometry. ALS was used to determine the kinetic profiles and characteristic spectra, which were used to analyze UV-vis data of release from functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). MNPs were selected for their unique magnetic properties, which can be exploited for both targeted drug delivery and control over the drug release. MNPs were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer, and electrophoretic mobility measurements. Autoxidation of all three flavonoids follows a two-step first-order kinetic model. MCE showed the fastest degradation, while the oxidation of MCI was the slowest. The flavonoids were successfully loaded into the prepared MNPs, and the drug release was described by the first-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. External MFs were utilized to control the release mechanism and the cumulative mass of the flavonoids released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Sadžak
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mihael Eraković
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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12
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rutin: Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters and Anti-Proliferative, Mutagenic and Anti-Mutagenic Effects. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020549. [PMID: 36836907 PMCID: PMC9967632 DOI: 10.3390/life13020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioavailability of glucoside flavonoids is influenced by the nature of the sugar, glucosides being absorbed faster than rhamnoglucosides, for example. One strategy to enhance the bioavailability is enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, some kinetic parameters of hesperidinase-mediated hydrolysis of rutin were evaluated using an UHPLC/QTOF-MSE analysis of the products of a bioconversion reaction. The resulting hydrolyzed rutins (after 4, 8 and 12 h of reaction) were submitted to anti-proliferative and Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assays in CHO-K1 cells. In the hesperidinase-mediated hydrolysis, the final concentration of quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) was directly proportional to the rutin concentration and inversely proportional to the reaction time. At an anti-proliferative concentration (2.5 μg/mL), hydrolyzed rutin derivatives did not show a mutagenic effect, except for the sample with a higher content of Q3G (after 4 h of the enzymatic hydrolysis of rutin). Moreover, the higher Q3G content in hydrolyzed rutin protected the CHO-K1 cells 92% of the time against methyl methanesulfonate-induced mutagenic damage. These results suggested that the anti-mutagenic effect of hydrolyzed rutin might be related to antioxidant and cell death induction. Presenting a good lipophilicity/hydrophilicity ratio, together with antioxidant and anti-mutagenic activities, the hesperidinase-mediated hydrolyzed rutin seemed to be a promisor raw material for the development of food supplements.
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13
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Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Cancer Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040976. [PMID: 36839330 PMCID: PMC9967058 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, posing a huge burden upon society and individuals. The adequate intake of fruit and vegetables is reported to be an effective strategy for primary cancer prevention. Fruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients, such as vitamins and flavonoids, which may reduce the occurrence and progression of cancers. However, the importance of each flavonoid and the sub-classes remains controversial regarding cancer mortality. The population benefiting from increased flavonoid intake has not been determined. An estimation of cancer mortality by flavonoid intake is not established. We explored the association between the intake of flavonoids and cancer mortality amongst 14,029 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. During a median follow-up of 117 months, 405 cancer deaths were confirmed. Being in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of flavonol intake, the cancer mortality was inversely associated with the intake of flavonols (multivariate analysis HR (95% CI] 0.58 [0.36, 0.91], p = 0.02, Q1 vs. Q2; 0.55 [0.31, 0.96], p = 0.04, Q1 vs. Q3; 0.54 [0.30, 0.99], p = 0.05, Q1 vs. Q4, respectively). Potential effects of dietary flavonol intake against cancer death was observed especially in participants aged 50 or above, males, whites, former smokers, people who used to drink or drink alcohol mildly, people without hyperlipidemia, and people with hypertension. Moreover, the dietary intakes of peonidin, naringenin, and catechin were inversely associated with cancer mortality (multivariate HR [95% CI] 0.93 [0.88,0.98], p = 0.01; 0.97 (0.95,1.00), p = 0.03; 0.98 (0.96,1.00), p = 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, a nomogram based on flavonol intake is feasible for assessing cancer mortality for each participant. Taken together, our results could improve personalized nutrition amongst cancer patients.
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Maronpot R, Ramot Y, Nyska A, Sproul C, Moore R, Bolon B, Hayashi SM. Oral chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ) in Sprague Dawley rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 140:105343. [PMID: 36773715 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ) is a flavonoid that possesses antioxidant and tumor suppressive capabilities and is marketed as a food additive in Japan. The aim of this study was to assess the potential for oral chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of AGIQ in male and female Sprague Dawley rats following up to 5.0% dietary exposure. In the chronic toxicity study, rats were exposed to AGIQ or vehicle for one year with a 6-month interim termination point; for the carcinogenicity study, rats were treated for 24 months. No signs of AGIQ-related toxicity clinically or histologically were observed for up to one year except for yellow discoloration of bone. In the carcinogenicity study, a statistically significant increase in the incidence of malignant glioma of the brain or spinal cord was observed in female rats exposed to 5.0% AGIQ compared to those exposed to control feed. A Scientific Advisory Panel of experienced neuropathologists reviewed the gliomas (routine stains and glial cell markers) and concluded that the gliomas were a rare, spontaneous, rat-specific neoplasm: malignant microglial tumor. The lesions could not definitively be attributed to AGIQ exposure and have limited implications with respect to predicting human cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Maronpot
- Maronpot Consulting, LLC, 1612 Medfield Road, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Yuval Ramot
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Tel Aviv and Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Christopher Sproul
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Rebecca Moore
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | | | - Shim-Mo Hayashi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Alper Öztürk A, Başaran E, Şenel B, Demirel M, Sarica Ş. Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant activity of Quercetin, Rutin and Quercetin-Rutin incorporated β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and determination of their activity in NIH-3T3, MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Cytokinesis blocked micronuclei (CBMN) assay is a rapid and sensitive analysis of chromosome aberrations and miss assortments during cell division. Genotoxic agent exposure produces DNA damage and chromosome fragments. Fragmented chromosomes without centromere failed to attach kinetochore which segregates a pair of homologous chromosomes to each daughter cells at cytokinesis, hence leading to form micronuclei. Chromosome or fragments of chromosome can also form micronuclei when they are not accurately sorted to daughter cells. Using cytochalasin B, an actin inhibitor, blocks cytokinesis of which completion leads serration appearance formed with two daughter cells while nuclei segregation is undergoing. As a result, one cell having two daughter nuclei, i.e., binucleated cell, is produced. By analyzing these binucleated cells, chromosome aberrations can be estimated as well as popular chromosome aberration analysis. Frequency of micronuclei formation predicts the testing agents' genotoxicity. By combining use with centromere-specific probes or DNA damage signal probes, the nature of genotoxicity of tested agents can be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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17
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Jin N, Liu Y, Wang X, Yang K, Zhang D, Ding A. In-vitro toxicity assessment of Eucalyptus robusta Smith extracts via whole-cell bioreporter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 240:113704. [PMID: 35653968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus is widely planted in China for wood industries, and there are increasing concerns about its ecotoxicity in the environment. This study explored the in-vitro toxicity of Eucalyptus extracts by assessing the impacts of water-soluble and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-soluble fractions via a whole-cell bioreporter, Acinetobacter baylyi ADPWH_recA. Compounds identified in Eucalyptus extracts included one tannin, two phenolic acids, four terpenoids, four glycosides, and five flavonoids. The leaf extracts contained more biological-active components than barks and roots. Genotoxicity induced by Eucalyptus extracts was mainly associated with water extracts (e.g., flavonoids, phenolic acids) instead of DMSO extracts. The significant cytotoxicity was explained by programmed cell death (PCD), suggested by the results of propidium iodide (PI) and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) assays. Generally, water-soluble fractions contributed more toxicities than DMSO-soluble fractions, particularly at high concentrations. A robust linear regression was built between the compromised toxicity and PCD index (Compromised toxicity = -2.192 × PCD index + 2.219; R2 = 0.8886), suggesting a PCD-dependent compromised toxicity which was greatly underestimated. Our results implied non-neglectable ecotoxicological risks of Eucalyptus extracts, hinting at the possible magnified ecological impacts of its large-scale plantation and the potential adverse outcomes to the surrounding ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifu Jin
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yueqiao Liu
- Experiment and Practice Innovation Education Center, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, PR China
| | - Xinzi Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Aizhong Ding
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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18
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Li C, Dai T, Chen J, Chen M, Liang R, Liu C, Du L, McClements DJ. Modification of flavonoids: methods and influences on biological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10637-10658. [PMID: 35687361 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2083572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important active ingredients in plant-based food, which have many beneficial effects on health. But the low solubility, poor oral bioavailability, and inferior stability of many flavonoids may limit their applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Structural modification can overcome these shortcomings to improve and extend the application of flavonoids. The study of how to modify flavonoids and the influence of various modifications on biological activity have drawn great interest in the current literature. In this review, the working principles and operating conditions of modification methods were summarized along with their potential and limitations in terms of operational safety, cost, and productivity. The influence of various modifications on biological activities and the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids derivatives were discussed and highlighted, which may give guidance for the synthesis of highly effective active agents. In addition, the safety of flavonoids derivatives is reviewed, and future research directions of flavonoid modification research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Taotao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agro-food Science and Technology Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruihong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqing Du
- China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Zhanjiang China
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Kapoor MP, Moriwaki M, Timm D, Satomoto K, Minegawa K. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity evaluation of isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin molecular inclusion complex using Ames test and a combined micronucleus and comet assay in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:221-235. [PMID: 35650139 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids such as quercetin and its glucosides, especially isoquercitrin are well known as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-carcinogenic, etc. The safety of isoquercitrin formulations needs to be established prior to their use in functional food applications. The mutagenicity and genotoxicity of the IQC-γCD inclusion complex were assessed with three standard assays of the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and using a combined in-vivo micronucleus and comet assay under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. In combined rat bone marrow micronucleus and rat liver comet assay performed in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, the various doses of IQC-γCD inclusion complex (max. 2000 mg/kg bw) and positive controls ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and mitomycin C (MMC), respectively, and negative control (vehicle) were administrated. The results of the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (strains TA100, TA1535, WP2uvrA, TA98, and TA1537) after exposure to the IQC-γCD inclusion complex with the absence and presence of the metabolic activation system (S9 fraction from rat liver) revealed a weakly positive response but with no biologically relevant mutagenicity at the conditions examined according to recommended regulatory guidelines. The combined micronucleus and comet assay results reveal that the IQC-γCD inclusion complex did not induce in-vivo genotoxic potential or indication of any oxidative DNA damage in rat liver tissues. Altogether, considering the results of the study, it is unlikely that the consumption of IQC-γCD inclusion complex as food or supplement would present any concern for humans regarding the mutagenicity and genotoxicity.
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Akbas E, Unal F, Yuzbasioglu D. Genotoxic effects of gadobutrol and gadoversetamide active substances used in magnetic resonance imaging in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:2471-2482. [PMID: 35184618 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1957913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gadobutrol and gadoversetamide are gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) widely used during magnetic resonance imaging examination. In this study, the genotoxicity of two GBCAs, gadobutrol and gadoversetamide, was investigated by using different endpoints: chromosome aberration (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCEs), and micronucleus (MNi). Human peripheral lymphocytes (PBLs) were treated with five concentrations (7 000, 14 000, 28 000, 56 000, and 112 000 μg/mL) of both agents. While a few concentrations of gadobutrol significantly increased abnormal cell frequency and CA/Cell, nearly all the concentrations of gadoversetamide significantly elevated the same aberrations. Similarly, the effect of gadoversetamide on the formation of SCEs was higher than those of gadobutrol. Only one concentration of gadoversetamide significantly increased MN% but no gadobutrol. The comet assay was applied for the only gadobutrol which induced a significant increase in tail intensity at the highest concentration only. On the other hand, significantly decreased mitotic index (MI) was observed following both substances, again gadoversetamide was slightly higher than those of the gadobutrol. The results revealed that both the contrast agents are likely to induce genotoxic risk in PBLs. However, different concentrations and treatment periods should be examined in vitro and specifically in vivo with different test systems for the safer usage of these contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Akbas
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Unal
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yuzbasioglu
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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George SA, Rajeev R, Thadathil DA, Varghese A. A Comprehensive Review on the Electrochemical Sensing of Flavonoids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1133-1173. [PMID: 35001755 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2008863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenolic compounds, widespread in the plant kingdom. Flavonoids possess broad-spectrum pharmacological effects due to their antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-neoplastic, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, and vasodilatory properties. Care must be taken, since excessive consumption of flavonoids may have adverse effects. Therefore, proper identification, quantification and quality evaluations of flavonoids in edible samples are necessary. Electroanalytical approaches have gained much interest for the analysis of redox behavior and quantification of different flavonoids. Compared to various conventional methods, electrochemical techniques for the analysis of flavonoids offer advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, low cost, simplicity, biocompatibility, easy on-site evaluation, high accuracy, reproducibility, wide linearity of detection, and low detection limits. This review article focuses on the developments in electrochemical sensing of different flavonoids with emphasis on electrode modification strategies to boost the electrocatalytic activity and analytical efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rijo Rajeev
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
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22
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González-Alfonso JL, Poveda A, Arribas M, Hirose Y, Fernández-Lobato M, Olmo Ballesteros A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Plou FJ. Polyglucosylation of Rutin Catalyzed by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase from Geobacillus sp.: Optimization and Chemical Characterization of Products. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Poveda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance, BRTA, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain
| | - Miguel Arribas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance, BRTA, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Radović Jakovljević M, Stanković M, Vuković N, Vukić M, Grujičić D, Milošević-Djordjević O. Comparative study of the genotoxic activity of Artemisia vulgaris L. and Artemisia alba Turra extracts in vitro. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1915-1922. [PMID: 34844486 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2007025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the genotoxic activity of acetone and aqueous extracts of two species of genus Artemisia (Artemisia vulgaris L. and Artemisia alba Turra), and possible role of their polyphenolic composition in the observed activities were investigated. Polyphenolic contents were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-PDA), while the genotoxic activity was tested using cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in vitro. HPLC-PDA showed that both A. alba extracts were richer in polyphenolic contents than A. vulgaris extracts. The acetone A. alba extract was the richest of polyphenolic content where we detected six phenolic acids and two flavonoids. CBMN assay showed that aqueous extract of A. vulgaris significantly increased micronucleus (MN) frequency in the PBLs treated with all tested concentrations (10, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL), while A. alba did not significantly affect the mean MN frequency. Further, both acetone extracts were genotoxic in all tested concentrations, except the lowest tested (10 µg/mL) of A. alba. All tested extracts affected the nuclear division index (NDI) except the aqueous A. alba extract (p < 0.05). Based on our results, we can conclude that both acetone and aqueous A. vulgaris extracts and A. alba acetone extract were genotoxic in PBLs in vitro. A. alba aqueous extract was not genotoxic and cytotoxic in tested concentrations. We suggest that the aqueous extract of A. alba can be used in treatment, which has been confirmed by traditional medicine, but with a high dose of caution and not in high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milan Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Vuković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Vukić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Darko Grujičić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera Milošević-Djordjević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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24
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Maluchenko NV, Feofanov AV, Studitsky VM. PARP-1-Associated Pathological Processes: Inhibition by Natural Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11441. [PMID: 34768872 PMCID: PMC8584120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme involved in processes of cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, transcription, and replication. Hyperactivity of PARP-1 induced by changes in cell homeostasis promotes development of chronic pathological processes leading to cell death during various metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast, tumor growth is accompanied by a moderate activation of PARP-1 that supports survival of tumor cells due to enhancement of DNA lesion repair and resistance to therapy by DNA damaging agents. That is why PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are promising agents for the therapy of tumor and metabolic diseases. A PARPi family is rapidly growing partly due to natural polyphenols discovered among plant secondary metabolites. This review describes mechanisms of PARP-1 participation in the development of various pathologies, analyzes multiple PARP-dependent pathways of cell degeneration and death, and discusses representative plant polyphenols, which can inhibit PARP-1 directly or suppress unwanted PARP-dependent cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Maluchenko
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.F.); (V.M.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.F.); (V.M.S.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikluko-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily M. Studitsky
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.F.); (V.M.S.)
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cottman Avenue 333, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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25
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Islam BU, Suhail M, Khan MK, Zughaibi TA, Alserihi RF, Zaidi SK, Tabrez S. Polyphenols as anticancer agents: Toxicological concern to healthy cells. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6063-6079. [PMID: 34679214 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of diverse chemical compounds present in a wide range of plants. Various biological properties such as antiallergic, antiviral, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, vasodilatory, and hepatoprotective effect of different polyphenols have been reported in the scientific literature. The major classes of polyphenols are flavonoids, stilbenoids, lignans, and polyphenolic acids. Flavonoids are a large class of food constituents comprising flavones, isoflavanones, flavanones, flavonols, catechins, and anthocyanins sub-classes. Even with seemingly broad biological activities, their use is minimal clinically. Among the other concurrent problems such as limited bioavailability, rapid metabolism, untargeted delivery, the toxicity associated with these polyphenols has been a topic of concern lately. These polyphenols have been reported to result in different forms of toxicity that include organ toxicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, etc. In the present article, we have tried to unravel the toxicological aspect of these polyphenols to healthy cells. Further high-quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy and toxicology concern leading to further exploration of these polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badar Ul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, J N Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Kaleem Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torki A Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,3D Bioprinting Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Miyake T, Kuge M, Matsumoto Y, Shimada M. α-glucosyl-rutin activates immediate early genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102511. [PMID: 34455240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin is a natural flavonoid glycoside found in several vegetables and fruits such as buckwheat and onion. Rutin has a range of pharmacological effects that include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer activities. α-glucosyl-rutin (AGR) is a derivative of rutin with increased water solubility that is used in cosmetics and foods. However, the effects of AGR on cellular responses have not been clarified, especially in stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show high proliferative activity and pluripotency; however, regulation of molecular machinery such as cell cycle, metabolism, and DNA repair differs between iPSCs and somatic cells. Here, we compared the effects of AGR on iPSCs and differentiated cells (fibroblasts and skin keratinocytes). AGR-treated iPSCs exhibited increased cell viability. RNA sequencing and reverse transcriptase PCR analysis revealed that AGR induced expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) and differentiation-related genes in iPSCs. Our results suggest that AGR may activate differentiation signals mediated by IEG responses in iPSCs, resulting in altered metabolic activity and increased cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Miyake
- Cosmetic R&D Department, Takara Belmont Corp, 7-1-19 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.
| | - Munekazu Kuge
- Cosmetic R&D Department, Takara Belmont Corp, 7-1-19 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Mikio Shimada
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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27
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Mandić L, Sadžak A, Erceg I, Baranović G, Šegota S. The Fine-Tuned Release of Antioxidant from Superparamagnetic Nanocarriers under the Combination of Stationary and Alternating Magnetic Fields. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081212. [PMID: 34439459 PMCID: PMC8389039 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) with excellent biocompatibility and negligible toxicity were prepared by solvothermal method and stabilized by widely used and biocompatible polymer poly(ethylene glycol) PEG-4000 Da. The unique properties of the synthesized MNPs enable them to host the unstable and water-insoluble quercetin as well as deliver and localize quercetin directly to the desired site. The chemical and physical properties were validated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, FTIR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The kinetics of in vitro quercetin release from MNPs followed by UV/VIS spectroscopy was controlled by employing combined stationary and alternating magnetic fields. The obtained results have shown an increased response of quercetin from superparamagnetic MNPs under a lower stationary magnetic field and s higher frequency of alternating magnetic field. The achieved findings suggested that we designed promising targeted quercetin delivery with fine-tuning drug release from magnetic MNPs.
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28
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Kapoor MP, Moriwaki M, Timm D, Yamagata H, Maruyama G, Nisihara Y, Nakazawa T, Takata S, Nakamura D. 13-Weeks subchronic toxicity of isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin (IQC-γCD) molecular inclusion complex in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112217. [PMID: 33865935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids such as quercetin and its glycoside Isoquercitrin and are abundantly present in the diet and have various pharmacological effects. However, limited data about its potential toxicity is available. In this study, we aim to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of the isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin (IQC-γCD) molecular inclusion complex (SunActive® QCD/EN) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The IQC-γCD was administrated orally to 40 male and 40 female SD rats at dietary doses up to 5.0 % for 13 consecutive weeks. During the experiment periods, the general clinical signs, mortality, hematological, urinalysis values, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were examined. All animals survived until the scheduled necropsy, and no statistically significant or clinical sign of toxicologically relevant differences including pathology parameters, and histopathological endpoints were observed in any of the IQC-γCD treatment groups, compared with the control group. However, certain observations were noted in the male rats treated with the highest concentration (5.0 %), but these were not seen in female rats. A slight inhibition of weight gain was observed, probably linked to a fall in red blood cells, and hematocrit index in female rats. Statistically significant changes were noted in some clinical measures, such as plasma bilirubin level, alkaline phosphatase total bile acid without evidence of systemic clinical toxicity. The results support no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of IQC-γCD of 5.0 % in the diet for males (3338.55 mg/kg/day), and 3.0 % in the diet for females (2177.33 mg/kg/day) SD rats. Therefore, in this 13 weeks repeated-dose SD rat study there were no treatment-related adverse clinical or pathological findings for IQC-γCD of 5.0 % in the diet for males, and 3.0 % in the diet for females SD rats. The results of the present study support the safe use of IQC-γCD as a functional food, food additive, and natural ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P Kapoor
- Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., Nutrition Division, 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie, 510-0844, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Moriwaki
- Taiyo Kagaku Co. Ltd., Nutrition Division, 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie, 510-0844, Japan
| | - Derek Timm
- Taiyo International Inc., 5960 Golden Hills Dr., Minneapolis, MN, 55416, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yamagata
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284, Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Go Maruyama
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284, Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Yoshito Nisihara
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284, Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakazawa
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284, Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Shinro Takata
- Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284, Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan
| | - Daichi Nakamura
- Tsukuba Institute, BoZo Research Center Inc., 8 Okubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 300-2611, Japan
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29
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Sanz-Serrano J, Vettorazzi A, Muruzabal D, López de Cerain A, Azqueta A. In vitro genotoxicity assessment of functional ingredients: DHA, rutin and α-tocopherol. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112237. [PMID: 33894296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro genotoxicity of three compounds widely used as functional ingredients, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), rutin and α-tocopherol, was assessed. A miniaturized version of the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535 strains (following the principles of OECD 471), and the in vitro micronucleus test in TK6 cells (OECD 487) were performed. This strategy is recommended by the European Food Safety Authority for the in vitro genotoxicity assessment of food and feed. In addition, this approach was complemented with the in vitro standard and enzyme-modified comet assay (S9-/S9+) using hOGG1, EndoIII and hAAG in order to assess potential premutagenic lesions in TK6 cells. Rutin showed an equivocal response in the in vitro micronucleus test and also was a potent Salmonella typhimurium revertant inductor in the Ames test. DHA showed equivocal results in the in vitro micronucleus test. In this regard, DHA and rutin seemed to interact with the DNA at a chromosomal level, but rutin is also capable of producing frameshift mutations. No genotoxicity was observed in cells treated with α-tocopherol. This article complements the evidence already available about the genotoxicity of these compounds. However, more studies are needed in order to elucidate the consequences of their use as functional ingredients in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Damian Muruzabal
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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30
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Taiwo BJ, Popoola TD, van Heerden FR, Fatokun AA. Isolation and Characterisation of Two Quercetin Glucosides with Potent Anti-Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Activity and an Olean-12-en Triterpene Glucoside from the Fruit of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000670. [PMID: 33274571 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) is used in the traditional treatment of cancer, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. We, therefore, investigated its composition and potential cytotoxic or antioxidant properties that might underlie its phytotherapeutic applications. Its methanolic fruit extract yielded compounds 1, 2 and 3, identified through NMR, UV and MS analyses as olean-12-en-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, isoquercitrin (quercetin glucoside) and 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavonol-3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (quercetin diglucoside), respectively. Following 48 h exposure, oleanene glucoside was mildly toxic to the HeLa and the MRC5-SV2 cancer cells, isoquercitrin was not toxic except at 100 μg/ml in HeLa, and quercetin diglucoside elicited no toxicity. In a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide increased ROS levels, an effect not affected by oleanene glucoside but protected against by isoquercitrin and quercetin diglucoside, with IC50 values, respectively, of 2.7±0.5 μg/ml and 1.9±0.2 μg/ml (3 h post-treatment) and 2.0±0.8 μg/ml and 1.5±0.4 μg/ml (24 h post-treatment.) This is the first report of this oleanene skeleton triterpenoid in the plant. The work provides some insight into why the plant is included in remedies for cancers, cardiovascular complications and diabetes, and reveals it as a potential source of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamigboye J Taiwo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Osun State, Nigeria.,School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Temidayo D Popoola
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Fanie R van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Amos A Fatokun
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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31
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Wang Y, Tao B, Wan Y, Sun Y, Wang L, Sun J, Li C. Drug delivery based pharmacological enhancement and current insights of quercetin with therapeutic potential against oral diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110372. [PMID: 32521458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heavy burden of oral diseases such as oral cancers, dental caries, periodontitis, etc. and their consequence on the patient's quality of life demonstrated an urgent demand for developing effective therapeutics. Quercetin as a natural derived flavonoid, could be utilized in the therapeutic formulation of various diseases such as diabetes, breast cancer and asthma, owing to its prominent pharmacological values. In the last decade, the applications of quercetin as a natural compound in oral treatment have attracted increasing interest due to its multifunction including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities. Besides, considering the low bioavailability of quercetin, great efforts have been made in its drug delivery systems to address the problem of limited application. Therefore, this review summarized the cutting-edge researches on versatile effects and enhanced bioavailability of quercetin resulting from innovative drug delivery systems, particularly focused on its potential against oral diseases. The application of quercetin would provide novel and promising therapeutic approach for clinical treatment, promoting the development of global dental public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Baoxin Tao
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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32
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EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA), Turck D, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Kearney J, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Gelbmann W, Knutsen HK. Safety of hot water extract of fruits and peduncles of Hovenia dulcis as a novel food pursuant to Regulation 1(EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06196. [PMID: 32884582 PMCID: PMC7453392 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety of 'Hovenia dulcis fruit extract' as a novel food (NF) for its use in food supplements. The NF concerns a hot water extract of sliced and dried fruits and peduncles of Hovenia dulcis Thun. The production process is described in sufficient detail but contains contradictory information regarding the mixing with another ingredient of the NF. The NF is comprised of mostly carbohydrates (about 90%), about 2% proteins, 5% moisture, less than 1% fat and about 2% ash. In addition, the NF contains small amounts of flavonoids such as dihydromyricetin, myricetin and quercetin. The Panel notes limitations of the data provided from the batch testing regarding proximate analyses and plant secondary metabolites. Given these limitations, the Panel considers that the data provided by the applicant do not demonstrate that different batches produced with the described production process meet the proposed specifications. The target population is the general adult population excluding pregnant and lactating women and people with a chronic disease, such as liver malfunction. Limited information was provided on a history of consumption of Hovenia dulcis fruits and on an extract approved in South Korea. A number of toxicological studies were performed. However, the study reports did not allow to verify that the test item was representative of the NF. The same applied to a human study provided by the applicant. The Panel concludes that the safety of the NF has not been established.
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33
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Rashidi Z, Khosravizadeh Z, Talebi A, Khodamoradi K, Ebrahimi R, Amidi F. Overview of biological effects of Quercetin on ovary. Phytother Res 2020; 35:33-49. [PMID: 32557927 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, using natural products has been increased to treat different diseases. Today, great attention has been pointed toward the usage of natural products such as flavonoids, especially Quercetin (QUR), in the treatment of diseases. QUR as a natural antioxidant has been traditionally used to prevent or treat a variety of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, chronic inflammation, and reproductive system dysfunction. Several studies demonstrated that QUR acts as an anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. With this in view, in this study, we intended to describe an overview of the biological effects of QUR on the ovary. QUR improves the quality of oocytes and embryos. It affects the proliferation and apoptosis and decreases the oxidative stress in granulosa cells (GCs). Furthermore, QUR can be used as a complementary and alternative therapy in ovarian cancer and it has beneficial effects in the treatment of PCOS patients. It seems that QUR as a supplementary factor has different activities for the treatment of different disorders and it also has bidirectional activities. However, further investigations are needed for understanding the efficacy of QUR in the treatment and improvement of gynecological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rashidi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Khosravizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Talebi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Kajal Khodamoradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.,Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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34
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A review on anti-cancer properties of Quercetin in breast cancer. Life Sci 2020; 248:117463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Vinayak M, Maurya AK. Quercetin Loaded Nanoparticles in Targeting Cancer: Recent Development. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1560-1576. [PMID: 31284873 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190705150214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The spread of metastatic cancer cell is the main cause of death worldwide. Cellular and molecular basis of the action of phytochemicals in the modulation of metastatic cancer highlights the importance of fruits and vegetables. Quercetin is a natural bioflavonoid present in fruits, vegetables, seeds, berries, and tea. The cancer-preventive activity of quercetin is well documented due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities. However, poor water solubility and delivery, chemical instability, short half-life, and low-bioavailability of quercetin limit its clinical application in cancer chemoprevention. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of controlled and regulated drug delivery is essential for the development of novel and effective therapies. To overcome the limitations of accessibility by quercetin, it can be delivered as nanoconjugated quercetin. Nanoconjugated quercetin has attracted much attention due to its controlled drug release, long retention in tumor, enhanced anticancer potential, and promising clinical application. The pharmacological effect of quercetin conjugated nanoparticles typically depends on drug carriers used such as liposomes, silver nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLA (poly(D,L-lactic acid)) nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, chitosan nanoparticles, etc. In this review, we described various delivery systems of nanoconjugated quercetin like liposomes, silver nanoparticles, PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid), and polymeric micelles including DOX conjugated micelles, metal conjugated micelles, nucleic acid conjugated micelles, and antibody-conjugated micelles on in vitro and in vivo tumor models; as well as validated their potential as promising onco-therapeutic agents in light of recent updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Vinayak
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Akhilendra K Maurya
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study in Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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36
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Maronpot RR, Ramot Y, Koyanagi M, Dias N, Cameron D, Eniola S, Nyska A, Hayashi SM. Ten-day and four-week toxicity and toxicokinetics studies of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin in juvenile Göttingen minipigs. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847319855087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuval Ramot
- Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mihoko Koyanagi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Nicola Dias
- Envigo CRS Ltd., Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | | | - Abraham Nyska
- Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Timrat, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shim-mo Hayashi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc., Osaka, Japan
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37
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Erikel E, Yuzbasioglu D, Unal F. In vitro genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of cynarin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:171-181. [PMID: 30890359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynarin is an artichoke phytochemical that possesses a variety of pharmacological features including free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. The origin of artichoke species appears to be Mediterranean region. Two of these species, globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis DC), are widely cultivated and consumed. This vegetable, as the basis of the mediterranean diet, has been used as herbal medicine for its therapeutic effects since ancient times. Therefore, this study was performed to determine genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of cynarin against MMC (mitomycin C) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) induced genomic instability using chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), micronucleus (MN), and comet assays in human lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocytes obtained from two healthy volunteers (1 male and 1 female) were exposed to different concentrations of cynarin (12-194 μM) alone and the combination of cynarin and MMC (0.60 μM) or cynarin and H2O2 (100 μM, only for comet assay). RESULTS Cynarin alone did not induce significant genotoxic effect in the CA, SCE (except 194 μM), MN, and comet assays. The combination of some concentrations of cynarin and MMC decreased the frequency of CAs, SCEs and MN induced by MMC. Furthermore, the combination of cynarin and H2O2 reduced all comet parameters at all the concentrations compared to H2O2 alone. While the highest concentrations of cynarin significantly decreased mitotic index (MI), the combination of cynarin and MMC increased the reduction of MI induced by MMC alone. CONCLUSION All the results obtained in this study demonstrated that cynarin exhibited antigenotoxic effects rather than genotoxic effects. It is believed that cynarin can act as a potential chemo-preventive against genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Erikel
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Yuzbasioglu
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Unal
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
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Alqahtani S, Welton K, Gius JP, Elmegerhi S, Kato TA. The Effect of Green and Black Tea Polyphenols on BRCA2 Deficient Chinese Hamster Cells by Synthetic Lethality through PARP Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061274. [PMID: 30875717 PMCID: PMC6470602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea polyphenols are known antioxidants presenting health benefits due to their observed cellular activities. In this study, two tea polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, which is common in green tea, and theaflavin, which is common in black tea, were investigated for their PARP inhibitory activity and selective cytotoxicity to BRCA2 mutated cells. The observed cytotoxicity of these polyphenols to BRCA2 deficient cells is believed to be a result of PARP inhibition induced synthetic lethality. Chinese hamster V79 cells and their BRCA2 deficient mutant V-C8, and V-C8 with gene complemented cells were tested against epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin. In addition, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) wild-type cells and rad51D mutant 51D1 cells were used to further investigate the synthetic lethality of these molecules. The suspected PARP inhibitory activity of epigallocatechin and theaflavin was confirmed through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Epigallocatechin gallate showed a two-fold increase of cytotoxicity to V-C8 cells compared to V79 and gene complimented cells. Compared to CHO wild type cells, 51D1 cells also showed elevated cytotoxicity following treatment with epigallocatechin gallate. Theaflavin, however, showed a similar increase of cytotoxicity to VC8 compared to V79 and gene corrected cells, but did not show elevation of cytotoxicity towards rad51D mutant cells compared to CHO cells. Elevation of sister chromatid exchange formation was observed in both tea polyphenol treatments. Polyphenol treatment induced more micronuclei formation in BRCA2 deficient cells and rad51D deficient cells when compared against the respective wild type cells. In conclusion, tea polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, and theaflavin may present selective cytotoxicity to BRCA2 deficient cells through synthetic lethality induced by PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaherah Alqahtani
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Kelly Welton
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Jeffrey P Gius
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Suad Elmegerhi
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Cell Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Cell Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Uivarosi V, Munteanu AC, Nițulescu GM. An Overview of Synthetic and Semisynthetic Flavonoid Derivatives and Analogues: Perspectives in Drug Discovery. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64181-6.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Novel Lipidized Derivatives of the Bioflavonoid Hesperidin: Dermatological, Cosmetic and Chemopreventive Applications. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin is one of the most important natural flavonoids, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-hypertensive properties. Despite its various biological activities, hesperidin is rarely used in the dermo-cosmetic field because of its poor solubility in both water and oil phases that makes difficult formulation, distribution and bioavailability through the skin layers. Moreover, hesperidin is still underestimated in skin care products, and literature data on its stability into a topical formulation are not yet available. In this paper we report the synthesis of five different derivatives of hesperidin and their evaluation in terms of antioxidant, antifungal, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects on human leukemic K562 cells. Preliminary antiproliferative effects were considered since hyper-proliferation is involved in several cutaneous problems particularly in the case of photo-exposition and environmental pollution. Esp4 and Esp5 were found to be more active in inhibiting K562 cell growth than parent hesperidin. Esp3 exhibited different biological properties, i.e., antioxidant activity in the absence of antiproliferative effects.
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41
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Palmitoyl ascorbic acid 2-glucoside has the potential to protect mammalian cells from high-LET carbon-ion radiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13822. [PMID: 30218013 PMCID: PMC6138748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DMSO, glycerol, and ascorbic acid (AA) are used in pharmaceuticals and known to display radioprotective effects. The present study investigates radioprotective properties of novel glyceryl glucoside, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside, glyceryl ascorbate, and palmitoyl ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (PA). Gamma-rays or high-LET carbon-ions were irradiated in the presence of tested chemicals. Lambda DNA damage, cell survival, and micronuclei formation of CHO cells were analyzed to evaluate radioprotective properties. Radiation-induced Lambda DNA damage was reduced with chemical pre-treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. This confirmed tested chemicals were radical scavengers. For gamma-irradiation, enhanced cell survival and reduction of micronuclei formation were observed for all chemicals. For carbon-ion irradiation, DMSO, glycerol, and PA displayed radioprotection for cell survival. Based on cell survival curves, protection levels by PA were confirmed and comparable between gamma-rays and high-LET carbon-ions. Micronuclei formation was only decreased with AA and a high concentration of glycerol treatment, and not decreased with PA treatment. This suggests that mechanisms of protection against high-LET carbon-ions by PA can differ from normal radical scavenging effects that protect DNA from damage.
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42
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Aizawa Y, Sunada S, Hirakawa H, Fujimori A, Kato TA, Uesaka M. Design and evaluation of a novel flavonoid-based radioprotective agent utilizing monoglucosyl rutin. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:272-281. [PMID: 29373678 PMCID: PMC5967546 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three novel flavonoid composite materials, created by combining an aglycone [quercetin (QUE), hesperetin (HES) or naringenin (NAR)] with monoglucosyl rutin (MGR), were designed to test for improved radioprotectivity compared with that provided by administration of MGR alone. Aglycone in the MGR-composite state was highly soluble in water, compared with aglycone alone dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or distilled water. The antioxidant activity of the three flavonoid composites was as high as that of MGR only. Next, the cytotoxicity test after 30 min treatment of an MGR composite showed a clear reduction in cell viability and suggested that a rapid introduction of aglycone into cells had taken place. In addition, QUE/MGR and HES/MGR composites strongly scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by X-ray irradiation as well as MGR alone did. However, in the colony-formation assay using irradiated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the HES/MGR composite showed a stronger radioprotective effect than MGR alone did, but the QUE/MGR composite showed no additional protective effect compared with the control. Furthermore, it was revealed that QUE and QUE/MGR composite treatment had the effect of reducing the glutathione (GSH) content in cells, and that QUE showed a stronger inhibition of PARP activity compared that of HES and NAR. Our data demonstrated that when designing a flavonoid composite as a radioprotective agent, it was necessary to select an appropriate aglycone, considering not only its antioxidant ability but also its inhibitory effect on cell recovery or DNA repair after radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Aizawa
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Sunada
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-855, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-855, Japan
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1618 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
| | - Mitsuru Uesaka
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Elmegerhi S, Su C, Buglewicz D, Aizawa Y, Kato T. Effect of hydroxyl group position in flavonoids on inducing single‑stranded DNA damage mediated by cupric ions. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:658-664. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suad Elmegerhi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cathy Su
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Dylan Buglewicz
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Yasushi Aizawa
- Research and Development Group, Toyo Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103‑0046, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kato
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Hobbs CA, Koyanagi M, Swartz C, Davis J, Kasamoto S, Maronpot R, Recio L, Hayashi SM. Comprehensive evaluation of the flavonol anti-oxidants, alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin and isoquercitrin, for genotoxic potential. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:218-227. [PMID: 29317330 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin and its glycosides possess potential benefits to human health. Several flavonols are available to consumers as dietary supplements, promoted as anti-oxidants; however, incorporation of natural quercetin glycosides into food and beverage products has been limited by poor miscibility in water. Enzymatic conjugation of multiple glucose moieties to isoquercitrin to produce alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ) enhances solubility and bioavailability. AGIQ is used in Japan as a food additive and has been granted generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. However, although substantial genotoxicity data exist for quercetin, there is very little available data for AGIQ and isoquercitrin. To support expanded global marketing of food products containing AGIQ, comprehensive testing of genotoxic potential of AGIQ and isoquercitrin was conducted according to current regulatory test guidelines. Both chemicals tested positive in bacterial reverse mutation assays, and exposure to isoquercitrin resulted in chromosomal aberrations in CHO-WBL cells. All other in vitro mammalian micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays, micronucleus and comet assays in male and female B6C3F1 mice and Sprague Dawley rats, and Muta™ Mouse mutation assays evaluating multiple potential target tissues, were negative for both chemicals. These results supplement existing toxicity data to further support the safe use of AGIQ in food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Hobbs
- Toxicology Program, Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., PO Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Mihoko Koyanagi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc., 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
| | - Carol Swartz
- Toxicology Program, Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., PO Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jeffrey Davis
- Toxicology Program, Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., PO Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sawako Kasamoto
- Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Biosafety Research Center (BSRC), 582-2, Shioshinden, Iwata-shi, Shizuoka 437-1213, Japan
| | - Robert Maronpot
- Maronpot Consulting LLC, 1612 Medfield Road, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Leslie Recio
- Toxicology Program, Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., PO Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Shim-Mo Hayashi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc., 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
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Bonechi C, Donati A, Tamasi G, Leone G, Consumi M, Rossi C, Lamponi S, Magnani A. Protective effect of quercetin and rutin encapsulated liposomes on induced oxidative stress. Biophys Chem 2017; 233:55-63. [PMID: 29174505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural antioxidants show many pharmacological properties, but poor solubility and inability to cross cell membrane. Liposomes are biocompatible and phospholipid vesicles able to carry hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic molecules. This paper focus on the synthesis of anionic, cationic and zwitterionic liposomes, loaded with quercetin or rutin, and on the evaluation of their cytotoxicity and protective effects against oxidative stress. Chemical characterization was obtained by dynamic light scattering and z-potential experiments. In vitro cell behavior was evaluated by Neutral Red Uptake test. All liposomes, empty and loaded with antioxidants, are stable. The cytotoxicity of both quercetin and rutin encapsulated in zwitterionic and anionic liposomes is higher than that of their solutions. Quercetin and rutin loaded in cationic liposomes are able to inhibit the toxic effect of empty liposomes. The encapsulation of rutin at 5.0×10-5 and 5.0×10-4M, in zwitterionic and anionic liposomes, protects fibroblasts by H2O2 treatment, while the loading with quercetin does not have effect on improving cell viability. All data suggest that the tested liposomes are stable and able to include quercetin and rutin. The liposomes encapsulation of antioxidants makes easier their internalization by cells. Moreover, zwitterionic and anionic liposomes loaded with rutin protect cells by oxidative stress. Liposomes stability together with their good in vitro cytocompatibility, both empty and loaded with antioxidant molecules, makes these systems suitable candidates as drug delivery systems. Moreover, the encapsulation of rutin, is able to protect cells by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bonechi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Donati
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Tamasi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Gemma Leone
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze. Italy
| | - Marco Consumi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze. Italy
| | - Claudio Rossi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze. Italy
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze. Italy.
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PARP Inhibition by Flavonoids Induced Selective Cell Killing to BRCA2-Deficient Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10040080. [PMID: 29023372 PMCID: PMC5748637 DOI: 10.3390/ph10040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High consumption of dietary flavonoids might contribute to a reduction of cancer risks. Quercetin and its glycosides have PARP inhibitory effects and can induce selective cytotoxicity in BRCA2-deficient cells by synthetic lethality. We hypothesized that common flavonoids in diet naringenin, hesperetin and their glycosides have a similar structure to quercetin, which might have comparable PARP inhibitory effects, and can induce selective cytotoxicity in BRCA2-deficient cells. We utilized Chinese hamster V79 wild type, V-C8 BRCA2-deficient and its gene-complemented cells. In vitro analysis revealed that both naringenin and hesperetin present a PARP inhibitory effect. This inhibitory effect is less specific than for quercetin. Hesperetin was more cytotoxic to V79 cells than quercetin and naringenin based on colony formation assay. Quercetin and naringenin killed V-C8 cells with lower concentrations, and presented selective cytotoxicity to BRCA2-deficient cells. However, the cytotoxicity of hesperetin was similar among all three cell lines. Glycosyl flavonoids, isoquercetin and rutin as well as naringin showed selective cytotoxicity to BRCA2-deficient cells; hesperidin did not. These results suggest that flavonoids with the PARP inhibitory effect can cause synthetic lethality to BRCA2-deficient cells when other pathways are not the primary cause of death.
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Ninety-day toxicity and single-dose toxicokinetics study of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:354-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pak B, Han S, Lee J, Chung YS. Evaluation of in vivo Genotoxicity of Plant Flavonoids, Quercetin and Isoquercetin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.13103/jfhs.2016.31.5.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang W, Sun C, Mao L, Ma P, Liu F, Yang J, Gao Y. The biological activities, chemical stability, metabolism and delivery systems of quercetin: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yu H, Haskins JS, Su C, Allum A, Haskins AH, Salinas VA, Sunada S, Inoue T, Aizawa Y, Uesaka M, Kato TA. In vitro screening of radioprotective properties in the novel glucosylated flavonoids. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1525-1530. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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