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Han M, Zeng D, Tan W, Chen X, Bai S, Wu Q, Chen Y, Wei Z, Mei Y, Zeng Y. Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:159-173. [PMID: 38767484 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response. Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region-specific, particularly involving the corticolimbic system, including the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology. In this review, we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits, with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit. We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature, severity, and duration of stress, especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system. Therefore, BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Han
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Deyang Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuyuan Bai
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yufei Mei
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Cheng J, Yuan L, Yu S, Gu B, Luo Q, Wang X, Zhao Y, Gai C, Li T, Liu W, Wang Z, Liu D, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Programmed cell death factor 4-mediated hippocampal synaptic plasticity is involved in early life stress and susceptibility to depression. Behav Brain Res 2024; 468:115028. [PMID: 38723677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) increases the risk of depression later in life. Programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4), an apoptosis-related molecule, extensively participates in tumorigenesis and inflammatory diseases. However, its involvement in a person's susceptibility to ELS-related depression is unknown. To examine the effects and underlying mechanisms of PDCD4 on ELS vulnerability, we used a "two-hit" stress mouse model: an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into neonatal mice was performed on postnatal days 7-9 (P7-P9) and inescapable foot shock (IFS) administration in adolescent was used as a later-life challenge. Our study shows that compared with mice that were only exposed to the LPS or IFS, the "two-hit" stress mice developed more severe depression/anxiety-like behaviors and social disability. We detected the levels of PDCD4 in the hippocampus of adolescent mice and found that they were significantly increased in "two-hit" stress mice. The results of immunohistochemical staining and Sholl analysis showed that the number of microglia in the hippocampus of "two-hit" stress mice significantly increased, with morphological changes, shortened branches, and decreased numbers. However, knocking down PDCD4 can prevent the number and morphological changes of microglia induced by ELS. In addition, we confirmed through the Golgi staining and immunohistochemical staining results that knocking down PDCD4 can ameliorate ELS-induced synaptic plasticity damage. Mechanically, the knockdown of PDCD4 exerts neuroprotective effects, possibly via the mediation of BDNF/AKT/CREB signaling. Combined, these results suggest that PDCD4 may play an important role in the ELS-induced susceptibility to depression and, thus, may become a therapeutic target for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Cheng
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Gai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Weiyang Liu
- Jinan Xicheng Experimental High School, Dezhou Road, Jinan, Shandong 1999, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wu S, Yin Y, Du L. The bidirectional relationship of depression and disturbances in B cell homeostasis: Double trouble. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110993. [PMID: 38490433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent, persistent, and debilitating neuropsychiatric syndrome with an increasing morbidity and mortality, representing the leading cause of disability worldwide. The dysregulation of immune systems (including innate and adaptive immune systems) has been identified as one of the key contributing factors in the progression of MDD. As the main force of the humoral immunity, B cells have an essential role in the defense against infections, antitumor immunity and autoimmune diseases. Several recent studies have suggested an intriguing connection between disturbances in B cell homeostasis and the pathogenesis of MDD, however, the B-cell-dependent mechanism of MDD remains largely unexplored compared to other immune cells. In this review, we provide an overview of how B cell abnormality regulates the progression of MMD and the potential consequence of the disruption of B cell homeostasis in patients with MDD. Abnormalities of B-cell homeostasis not only promote susceptibility to MDD, but also lead to an increased risk of developing infection, malignancy and autoimmune diseases in patients with MDD. A better understanding of the contribution of B cells underlying MDD would provide opportunities for identification of more targeted treatment approaches and might provide an overall therapeutic benefit to improve the long-term outcomes of patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Kerpel A, Davenport E, Proskovec AL, Xi Y, Berry JD, Yetkin Z, Maldjian J, Yu FF. Antidepressant-related microstructural changes in the external capsule. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00891-w. [PMID: 38814546 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported that antidepressant medications are strongly linked to brain microstructural alterations. Notably, external capsule alterations have been reported to be a biological marker for therapeutic response. However, prior studies did not investigate whether a change in the neurite density or directional coherence of white matter (WM) fibers underlies the observed microstructural alterations. This MRI-based case-control study examined the relationship between patients' current use of antidepressant medications and advanced measurements of external capsule WM microstructure derived from multishell diffusion imaging using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). The study compared a group of thirty-five participants who were taking antidepressant medications comprising selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (n = 25) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with a control group of thirty-five individuals matched in terms of age, sex, race, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors. All participants were selected from the Dallas Heart Study phase 2, a multi-ethnic, population-based cohort study. A series of multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to predict microstructural characteristics of the bilateral external capsule using age, sex, and antidepressant medications as predictor variables. There was significantly reduced neurite density in the bilateral external capsules of patients taking SSRIs. Increased orientation dispersion in the external capsule was predominantly seen in patients taking SNRIs. Our findings suggest an association between specific external capsule microstructural changes and antidepressant medications, including reduced neurite density for SSRIs and increased orientation dispersion for SNRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Kerpel
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Davenport
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Amy L Proskovec
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yin Xi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jarett D Berry
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zerrin Yetkin
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Joseph Maldjian
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Fang F Yu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Guldager MB, Biojone C, da Silva NR, Godoy LD, Joca S. New insights into the involvement of serotonin and BDNF-TrkB signalling in cannabidiol's antidepressant effect. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 133:111029. [PMID: 38762160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid devoid of psychostimulant properties and is currently under investigation as a potential antidepressant drug. However, the mechanisms underlying CBD's antidepressant effects are not yet well understood. CBD targets include a variety of receptors, enzymes, and transporters, with different binding-affinities. Neurochemical and pharmacological evidence indicates that both serotonin and BDNF-TrkB signalling in the prefrontal cortex are necessary for the antidepressant effects induced by CBD in animal models. Herein, we reviewed the current literature to dissect if these are independent mechanisms or if CBD-induced modulation of the serotonergic neurotransmission could mediate its neuroplastic effects through subsequent regulation of BDNF-TrkB signalling, thus culminating in rapid neuroplastic changes. It is hypothesized that: a) CBD interaction with serotonin receptors on neurons of the dorsal raphe nuclei and the resulting disinhibition of serotonergic neurons would promote rapid serotonin release in the PFC and hence its neuroplastic and antidepressant effects; b) CBD facilitates BDNF-TRKB signalling, especially in the PFC, which rapidly triggers neurochemical and neuroplastic effects. These hypotheses are discussed with perspectives for new drug development and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Bock Guldager
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Biojone
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicole Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Livea Dornela Godoy
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Joca
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Ferreira NB, Dias CT, Chaaban AFA, Beserra-Filho JIA, Ribeiro AM, Lambertucci RH, Mendes-da-Silva C. Improving dietary patterns in obese mice: Effects on body weight, adiposity, anhedonia-like behavior, pro-BDNF expression and 5-HT system. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148996. [PMID: 38744387 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The excessive fat accumulation in obesity, resulting from an unbalanced diet, can lead to metabolic and neurological disorders and increase the risk of developing anxiety and depression. AIM Assess the impact of dietary intervention (DI) on the serotonergic system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and behaviors of obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice, 5 weeks old, received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks for the induction of obesity. After this period, for 8 weeks, half of these animals received a control diet (CD), group obese (OB) + control diet (OB + CD, n = 10), and another half continued being fed HFD, group obese + HFD (OB + HFD, n = 10). At the end of the eighth week of intervention, behavioral tests were performed (sucrose preference test, open field, novel object recognition, elevated plus maze and tail suspension). Body weight and food intake were assessed weekly. Visceral adiposity, the hippocampal and hypothalamic protein expression of BDNF, 5-HT1A (5-HT1A serotonin receptor) and TPH2 (key enzyme in serotonin synthesis), were evaluated after euthanasia. RESULTS The dietary intervention involved changing from a HFD to a CD over an 8-week period, effectively reduced body weight gain, adiposity, and anhedonia-like behavior. In the OB + HFD group, we saw a lower sucrose preference and shorter traveled distance in the open field, along with increased pro-BDNF expression in the hypothalamus compared to the OB + CD mice. However, the levels of TPH2 and 5-HT1A remained unchanged. CONCLUSION The HFD model induced both obesity and anhedonia, but the dietary intervention successfully improved these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Bédia Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Tavares Dias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Alves Chaaban
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra-Filho
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Herling Lambertucci
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Mendes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Zheng Y, Bao J, Tang L, Chen C, Guo W, Li K, Zhang R, Wu J. Association between weekend catch-up sleep and depression of the United States population from 2017 to 2018: A cross-sectional study. Sleep Med 2024; 119:9-16. [PMID: 38631161 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep on weekdays has become a societal norm, and studies have shown that sleep deprivation increases the risk of depression. Although individuals often resort to weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) as a compensatory measure, the present evidence supporting its efficacy in mitigating the risk of depression is limited. This article attempts to explore the relationship between CUS and depression. In this study, a total of 5510 participants were included, characterized into two groups: nondepressed (n = 5051) and depressed (n = 459), with data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Compared with people without CUS, those practicing CUS exhibited a significantly lower risk of depression (OR = 0.81, P = 0.048). In subgroup analysis, this reduction effect was only observed in males (OR = 0.70, 95 % CI 0.05 to 0.99, P = 0.04), middle-aged (>40, ≤60) (OR: 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.40 to 0.81, P = 0.002), married or living with parents (OR: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.44 to 0.86, P = 0.004), groups with three or more family members (OR: 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.52 to 0.93, P = 0.01), and individuals without alcohol intake (OR: 0.24,95 % CI: 0.09 to 0.67, P = 0.006). Therefore, in the realm of depression treatment, doctors may consider advising patients to get adequate sleep on weekends as part of their overall treatment plan. At the same time, individuals can also choose weekend sleep as a proactive strategy for regulating their psychological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jing Bao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Long Tang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chuhua Chen
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Weiqin Guo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ruxu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jinze Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Ren Z, Nie L, Du Y, Liu J. Intertwined depressive and cognitive trajectories and the risk of dementia and death in older adults: a competing risk analysis. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101156. [PMID: 38616970 PMCID: PMC11015173 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often interact, rendering their associations controversial. To date, their joint trajectories and associations with dementia and death remain underexplored. Aims To explore the interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function, their developmental trajectories and the associations with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and all-cause death in older adults. Methods Data were from the Health and Retirement Study. Depressive symptoms and cognitive function were measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status, respectively. All-cause dementia and AD were defined by self-reported or proxy-reported physician diagnoses. All-cause death was determined by interviews. The restricted cubic spline, group-based trajectory modelling and subdistribution hazard regression were used. Results Significant interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in 2010 in their association with new-onset all-cause dementia and AD from 2010 to 2020 were found, especially in women (p for interaction <0.05). Independent trajectory analysis showed that emerging or high (vs no) depressive trajectories and poor or rapidly decreased cognitive trajectories (vs very good) from 1996 to 2010 were at significantly higher risk of subsequent all-cause dementia, AD and all-cause death. 15 joint trajectories of depressive symptoms and cognitive function from 1996 to 2010 were determined, where rapidly decreased cognitive function was more common in those with no depressive symptoms. Compared with older adults with the trajectory of no depressive symptoms and very good cognitive function, those with the trajectory of no depressive symptoms but rapidly decreased cognitive function were much more likely to develop new-onset all-cause dementia and death, with subdistribution hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 4.47 (2.99 to 6.67) and 1.84 (1.43 to 2.36), especially in women. Conclusions To effectively mitigate the risk of dementia and death, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of preventing cognitive decline in older adults without depressive symptoms, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Nie
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Mitsiou E, Kyriakou A, Parlapani E, Trigoni A, Trakatelli M, Apalla Z, Sotiriadis D, Lazaridou E, Patsatsi A. Correlation of Specific Inflammatory Markers With the Occurrence of Depression in Patients With Psoriasis and Their Use as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Depression. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1402a104. [PMID: 38810053 PMCID: PMC11135957 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1402a104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriasis is a systemic disease of the skin and nails associated with a wide range of comorbidities such as depression, psoriatic arthritis and metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to examine a potential association between inflammatory markers (C- reactive protein [CRP] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) and depression in patients with psoriasis. METHODS A total of 80 individuals were enrolled in the study. Case participants included 28 patients diagnosed with Psoriasis (Beck Depression Inventory-II: :0-13) and 24 patients diagnosed with Psoriasis and Depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II:14-63). Twenty-eight (28) healthy participants comprised the control group.Psoriasis severity was evaluated by using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Physician Global Assessment, Body Surface Area and Dermatology Life Quality Index. Written approval was obtained for its use in this study: Cardiff University (09/2015). Other factors considered in the study were obesity using the Body Mass Index, the levels of stress using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the presence of insomnia using the Athens Insomnia Scale. Blood draws and inflammatory markers measurements were performed for all participants. RESULTS Both CRP and ESR levels were higher in the case group (ie Psoriasis and Depression and Psoriasis) compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, psoriatic patients with depression showed increased CRP and ESR levels compared to those of psoriatic patients without depression. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of both CRP and ESR and their use to detect the presence of depression in patients with psoriasis can be an important tool for their holistic treatment of theirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mitsiou
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kyriakou
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Parlapani
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Trigoni
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Myrto Trakatelli
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoe Apalla
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Sotiriadis
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Lazaridou
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Patsatsi
- 2nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chang J, Yang H, Shan X, Zhao L, Li Y, Zhang Z, Abankwah JK, Zhang M, Bian Y, Guo Y. Bergamot essential oil improves CUMS-induced depression-like behaviour in rats by protecting the plasticity of hippocampal neurons. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18178. [PMID: 38553964 PMCID: PMC10980931 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is an extract of the bergamot fruit with significant neuroprotective effect. This study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of BEO in mitigating depression. GC-MS were used to identify its constituents. Antidepressive properties of BEO were evaluated by sucrose preference test (SPT), force swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT). Nissl staining was used to determine the number of Nissl bodies in hippocampus (HIPP) of rats. Changes in HIPP dendritic length and dendritic spine density were detected by Golgi-Cox staining. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) and synaptophysin (SYP) in the HIPP of rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the HIPP, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats. Inhaled BEO significantly improved depressive behaviour in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. BEO increased Nissl bodies, dendritic length and spine density, PSD-95 and SYP protein in the HIPP. Additionally, BEO upregulated serum 5-HT, serum and CSF IGF-1, while downregulating serum IL-1β. Collectively, inhaled BEO mitigates depression by protecting the plasticity of hippocampal neurons, hence, providing novel insights into treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Huimin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Yujiao Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Zhao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | | | - Mingxing Zhang
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yi Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture ScienceTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
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11
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Biesecker CL, Pössel P, Fernandez-Botran R. Discrimination, cognitive styles, and their associations with adolescents' mental and physical health. Res Nurs Health 2024; 47:172-181. [PMID: 38470478 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study is based on the hopelessness theory of depression and previous research on perceived everyday discrimination (PED) and both depressive symptoms and Interleukin-6 (an inflammatory cytokine; IL-6) in adolescents. The purpose of this study is to examine the negative attribution, self, and consequence cognitive styles (CSs) proposed in the hopelessness theory as a possible mechanism underlying the association between PED and inflammation in adolescents and expand our understanding of the comorbidities between depressive symptoms and systemic inflammation (IL-6). This cross-sectional study featured a sample of 102 adolescents aged 13-16 (M = 14.10, SD = 0.52) who identified as White (47.5%), Black (41.4%), Mixed Race (7.1%), Latino (2%), and other (2%). Data analysis was conducted using PROCESS to compute regressions and effects between PED, negative CSs, depressive symptoms, and Interleukin-6. Results showed that negative attribution CS is the only negative CS associated with PED, depressive symptoms, and IL-6. Negative attribution CS is also the only negative CS of the three negative CSs that mediates both the association between PED and depressive symptoms and PED and IL-6 in our adolescent sample. Overall, these results indicate that individual negative CSs proposed in the hopelessness theory impact adolescents' physical and mental outcomes differently, which can inform targeted treatments. Nurses should provide cognitive-based interventions and promote societal-level change to reduce the experience and impact of PED on the mental and physical health of their adolescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Biesecker
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Patrick Pössel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rafael Fernandez-Botran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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12
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Apalowo OE, Adegoye GA, Mbogori T, Kandiah J, Obuotor TM. Nutritional Characteristics, Health Impact, and Applications of Kefir. Foods 2024; 13:1026. [PMID: 38611332 PMCID: PMC11011999 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A global epidemiological shift has been observed in recent decades, characterized by an increase in age-related disorders, notably non-communicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. An appreciable causal link between changes in the gut microbiota and the onset of these maladies has been recognized, offering an avenue for effective management. Kefir, a probiotic-enriched fermented food, has gained significance in this setting due to its promising resource for the development of functional or value-added food formulations and its ability to reshape gut microbial composition. This has led to increasing commercial interest worldwide as it presents a natural beverage replete with health-promoting microbes and several bioactive compounds. Given the substantial role of the gut microbiota in human health and the etiology of several diseases, we conducted a comprehensive synthesis covering a total of 33 investigations involving experimental animal models, aimed to elucidate the regulatory influence of bioactive compounds present in kefir on gut microbiota and their potential in promoting optimal health. This review underscores the outstanding nutritional properties of kefir as a central repository of bioactive compounds encompassing micronutrients and amino acids and delineates their regulatory effects at deficient, adequate, and supra-nutritional intakes on the gut microbiota and their broader physiological consequences. Furthermore, an investigation of putative mechanisms that govern the regulatory effects of kefir on the gut microbiota and its connections with various human diseases was discussed, along with potential applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladayo Emmanuel Apalowo
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (O.E.A.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Grace Adeola Adegoye
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (O.E.A.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
| | - Teresia Mbogori
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
| | - Jayanthi Kandiah
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
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Melo L, Beaupain MC, Ghanavati E, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. Neurochemical mechanisms underlying serotonergic modulation of neuroplasticity in humans. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:421-430. [PMID: 38574852 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in animals and humans have shown that cortical neuroplasticity can be modulated by increasing serotonin levels by administering selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). However, little is known about the mechanistic background, especially the contribution of intracortical inhibition and facilitation, which depend on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the relevance of drivers of plasticity (glutamate- and GABA-dependent processes) for the effects of serotonin enhancement on tDCS-induced plasticity in healthy humans. METHODS A crossover, partially double-blinded, randomized, and sham-controlled study was conducted in 21 healthy right-handed individuals. In each of the 7 sessions, plasticity was induced via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS were applied to the left motor cortex under SSRI (20 mg/40 mg citalopram) or placebo. Short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were monitored by paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation for 5-6 h after intervention. RESULTS Under placebo, anodal tDCS-induced LTP-like plasticity decreased SICI and increased ICF. In contrast, cathodal tDCS-elicited LTD-like plasticity induced the opposite effect. Under 20 mg and 40 mg citalopram, anodal tDCS did not affect SICI largely, while ICF was enhanced and prolonged. For cathodal tDCS, citalopram converted the increase of SICI and decrease of ICF into antagonistic effects, and this effect was dosage-dependent since it lasted longer under 40 mg when compared to 20 mg. CONCLUSION We speculate that the main effects of acute serotonergic enhancement on tDCS-induced plasticity, the increase and prolongation of LTP-like plasticity effects, involves mainly the glutamatergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Melo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marie C Beaupain
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany; Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany; Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Min-Fang Kuo
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany; Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site - Bochum/Marburg, Germany
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Huang C, van Wijnen AJ, Im HJ. Serotonin Transporter (5-Hydroxytryptamine Transporter, SERT, SLC6A4) and Sodium-dependent Reuptake Inhibitors as Modulators of Pain Behaviors and Analgesic Responses. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:618-631. [PMID: 37852405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (5-hydroxytryptamine transporter [5-HTT], Serotonin Transporter (SERT), SLC6A4) modulates the activity of serotonin via sodium-dependent reuptake. Given the established importance of serotonin in the control of pain, 5-HTT has received much interest in studies of pain states and as a pharmacological target for serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Animal models expressing varying levels of 5-HTT activity show marked differences in pain behaviors and analgesic responses, as well as many serotonin-related physiological effects. In humans, functional nucleotide variations in the SLC6A4 gene, which encodes the serotonin transporter 5-HTT, are associated with certain pathologic pain conditions and differences in responses to pharmacological therapy. These findings collectively reflect the importance of 5-HTT in the intricate physiology and management of pain, as well as the scientific and clinical challenges that need to be considered for the optimization of 5-HTT-related analgesic therapies. PERSPECTIVE: The serotonin transporter 5-HTT/SCL6A4 is sensitive to pharmacological SRIs. Experimental studies on the physiological functions of serotonin, as well as genetic mouse models and clinical phenotype/genotype correlations of nucleotide variation in the human 5-HTT/SCL6A4 gene, provide new insights for the use of SRIs in chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Anesthesiology, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, Illinois.
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15
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Shao J, Qin J, Wang H, Sun Y, Zhang W, Wang X, Wang T, Xue L, Yao Z, Lu Q. Capturing the Individual Deviations From Normative Models of Brain Structure for Depression Diagnosis and Treatment. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:403-413. [PMID: 37579934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high heterogeneity of depression prevents us from obtaining reproducible and definite anatomical maps of brain structural changes associated with the disorder, which limits the individualized diagnosis and treatment of patients. In this study, we investigated the clinical issues related to depression according to individual deviations from normative ranges of gray matter volume. METHODS We enrolled 1092 participants, including 187 patients with depression and 905 healthy control participants. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data of healthy control participants from the Human Connectome Project (n = 510) and REST-meta-MDD Project (n = 229) were used to establish a normative model across the life span in adults 18 to 65 years old for each brain region. Deviations from the normative range for 187 patients and 166 healthy control participants recruited from two local hospitals were captured as normative probability maps, which were used to identify the disease risk and treatment-related latent factors. RESULTS In contrast to case-control results, our normative modeling approach revealed highly individualized patterns of anatomic abnormalities in depressed patients (less than 11% extreme deviation overlapping for any regions). Based on our classification framework, models trained with individual normative probability maps (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve range, 0.7146-0.7836) showed better performance than models trained with original gray matter volume values (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve range, 0.6800-0.7036), which was verified in an independent external test set. Furthermore, different latent brain structural factors in relation to antidepressant treatment were revealed by a Bayesian model based on normative probability maps, suggesting distinct treatment response and inclination. CONCLUSIONS Capturing personalized deviations from a normative range could help in understanding the heterogeneous neurobiology of depression and thus guide clinical diagnosis and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junneng Shao
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaolong Qin
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Sun
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xue
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang H, Xie X, Xu S, Wang C, Sun S, Song X, Li R, Li N, Feng Y, Duan H, Li D, Liu Z. Oligodendrocyte-derived exosomes-containing SIRT2 ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and restores hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via the AKT/GSK-3β pathway in depressed mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14661. [PMID: 38439616 PMCID: PMC10912796 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the antidepressant role of oligodendrocyte-derived exosomes (ODEXs)-containing sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and the underlying mechanism both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Oligodendrocyte-derived exosomes isolated from mouse serum were administered to mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression via the tail vein. The antidepressant effects of ODEXs were assessed through behavioral tests and quantification of alterations in hippocampal neuroplasticity. The role of SIRT2 was confirmed using the selective inhibitor AK-7. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) were used to further validate the impact of overexpressed SIRT2 and ODEXs on neurogenesis and synapse formation in vitro. RESULTS Oligodendrocyte-derived exosome treatment alleviated depressive-like behaviors and restored neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in CUMS mice. SIRT2 was enriched in ODEXs, and blocking SIRT2 with AK-7 reversed the antidepressant effects of ODEXs. SIRT2 overexpression was sufficient to enhance neurogenesis and synaptic protein expression. Mechanistically, ODEXs mediated transcellular delivery of SIRT2, targeting AKT deacetylation and AKT/GSK-3β signaling to regulate neuroplasticity. CONCLUSION This study establishes how ODEXs improve depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal neuroplasticity and might provide a promising therapeutic approach for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghan Zhang
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xin‐hui Xie
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Shu‐xian Xu
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Siqi Sun
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xinhua Song
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese MedicineHubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhanChina
| | - Ruiling Li
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Ningyuan Li
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Di Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of PsychiatryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Gerges ANH, Williams EER, Hillier S, Uy J, Hamilton T, Chamberlain S, Hordacre B. Clinical application of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38362860 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2313123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation therapy. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic use of taVNS, optimal stimulation parameters, effective sham protocols, and safety. METHODS A scoping review was conducted. Five databases and grey literature were searched. The data extracted included stimulation parameters, adverse events (AEs), and therapeutic effects on clinical outcomes. RESULTS 109 studies were included. taVNS was used across 21 different clinical populations, most commonly in psychiatric, cardiac, and neurological disorders. Overall, 2,214 adults received active taVNS and 1,017 received sham taVNS. Reporting of stimulation parameters was limited and inconsistent. taVNS appeared to have a favourable therapeutic effect across a wide range of clinical populations with varied parameters. Three sham protocols were reported but their effectiveness was documented in only two of the 54 sham-controlled studies. Most reported adverse events were localised to stimulation site. CONCLUSION There is growing evidence for taVNS therapeutic effect. taVNS appears safe and tolerable. Sham protocols need evaluation. Standardised and comprehensive reporting of both stimulation parameters and adverse events is required. Two different questionnaires have been proposed to evaluate adverse events and the effectiveness of sham methods in blinding participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N H Gerges
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ellen E R Williams
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Susan Hillier
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jeric Uy
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Taya Hamilton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Australia
- Fourier Intelligence International Pte Ltd., Global Headquarters, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saran Chamberlain
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brenton Hordacre
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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18
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Chen X, You J, Ma H, Zhou M, Huang C. Transcranial pulse stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14372. [PMID: 37469252 PMCID: PMC10848065 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a novel noninvasive ultrasonic brain stimulation that can increase cortical and corticospinal excitability, induce neuroplasticity, and increase functional connectivity within the brain. Several trials have confirmed its potential in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and safety of TPS on AD. DESIGN A systematic review. METHODS PubMed, Embase via Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database), and WanFang were searched from inception to April 1, 2023. Study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the studies were conducted by two reviewers independently, with any controversy resolved by consensus. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS Five studies were included in this review, with a total of 99 patients with AD. For cognitive performance, TPS significantly improved the scores of the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) test battery, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (cognitive), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Mini-Mental Status Examination. For depressive symptoms, TPS significantly reduced the scores of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (affective), Geriatric Depression Score, and Beck Depression Inventory. By functional magnetic resonance imaging, studies have shown that TPS improved cognitive performance in AD patients by increasing functional connectivity in the hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex, precuneus, and parietal cortex, and activating cortical activity in the bilateral hippocampus. TPS alleviated depressive symptoms in AD patients by decreasing functional connectivity between the ventromedial network (left frontal orbital cortex) and the salience network (right anterior insula). Adverse events in this review, including headache, worsening mood, jaw pain, nausea, and drowsiness, were reversible and lasted no longer than 1 day. No serious adverse events or complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS TPS is promising in improving cognitive performance and reducing depressive symptoms in patients with AD. TPS may be a safe adjunct therapy in the treatment of AD. However, these findings lacked a sham control and were limited by the small sample size of the included studies. Further research may be needed to better explore the potential of TPS. PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Patients and the public were not involved in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- School of Rehabilitation SciencesWest China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jiuhong You
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- School of Rehabilitation SciencesWest China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- School of Rehabilitation SciencesWest China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- School of Rehabilitation SciencesWest China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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19
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Guiard BP, Gotti G. The High-Precision Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-ECD) for Monoamines Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:496. [PMID: 38276574 PMCID: PMC10818480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the advantages of high-precision liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) in detecting and quantifying biological samples obtained through intracerebral microdialysis, specifically the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems: Serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), dopamine (DA), 3-metoxytryptamin (3-MT) and homovanillic acid (HVA). Recognized for its speed and selectivity, HPLC enables direct analysis of intracerebral microdialysis samples without complex derivatization. Various chromatographic methods, including reverse phase (RP), are explored for neurotransmitters (NTs) and metabolites separation. Electrochemical detector (ECD), particularly with glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, is emphasized for its simplicity and sensitivity, aimed at enhancing reproducibility through optimization strategies such as modified electrode materials. This paper underscores the determination of limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) and the linear range (L.R.) showcasing the potential for real-time monitoring of compounds concentrations. A non-exhaustive compilation of literature values for LOD, LOQ, and L.R. from recent publications is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P. Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), CNRS UMR5169, 31062 Toulouse, France;
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Faculté Sciences Ingénierie (FSI), Université de Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Gotti
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), CNRS UMR5169, 31062 Toulouse, France;
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Faculté Sciences Ingénierie (FSI), Université de Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
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20
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Vahid-Ansari F, Zahrai A, Daigle M, Albert PR. Chronic Desipramine Reverses Deficits in Cell Activity, Norepinephrine Innervation, and Anxiety-Depression Phenotypes in Fluoxetine-Resistant cF1ko Mice. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1147232023. [PMID: 38050173 PMCID: PMC10860653 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1147-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors are only 30% effective for remission in subjects with major depression, and the best treatments for SSRI-resistant patients remain unclear. To model SSRI resistance, we used cF1ko mice with conditional deletion of the repressor Freud-1/CC2D1A in adult 5-HT neurons. Within weeks, this deletion leads to overexpression of 5-HT1A autoreceptors, reduced serotonergic activity, and fluoxetine-resistant anxiety-depression phenotype. We hypothesized that desipramine (DES), which targets norepinephrine (NE), may be effective in cF1ko mice. The actions of chronic DES treatment on behavior, chronic cellular activation, and NE projections were examined in both sexes of cF1ko and WT mice. In contrast to fluoxetine, chronic DES reversed the behavioral phenotypes in cF1ko mice, while in WT littermates DES slightly increased anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Deficits in FosB+ cell counts were seen in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampal CA2/3 layer, and BLA of cF1ko mice and were reversed by chronic DES treatment, especially in GABAergic neurons. In cF1ko mice, widespread reductions were seen in NE axons, varicosities, and especially 30-60% reductions in NE synaptic and triadic contacts, particularly to inhibitory gephyrin-positive sites. DES treatment also reversed these reductions in NE innervation. These results indicate the dynamic plasticity of the adult noradrenergic system within weeks of altering serotonergic function that can be normalized by DES treatment. Accompanying these changes, DES but not fluoxetine reversed the behavioral alterations in cF1ko mice, suggesting a key role for noradrenergic plasticity in antidepressant response in this model of reduced serotonin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Vahid-Ansari
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Amin Zahrai
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Daigle
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H-8M5, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H-8M5, Canada
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21
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Tao Y, Shen W, Zhou H, Li Z, Pi T, Wu H, Shi H, Huang F, Wu X. Sex differences in a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice: Behavioral, neurochemical, and molecular insights. Brain Res 2024; 1823:148678. [PMID: 37979605 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Depression is characterized by a significant sex disparity, with higher rates observed in women compared to men. This study aimed to investigate the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and explore the underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression model in mice. Behavioral tests, Nissl staining, UPLC-MS/MS, and Western blot analysis were performed to assess behavioral changes, as well as neuronal alterations, neurotransmitter levels, and protein expressions in the hippocampus. The mice in the model group exhibited sex-specific anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Nissl staining revealed structural abnormalities in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in females. Neurotransmitter analysis indicated decreased serotonin and norepinephrine levels in both sexes, while glutamate levels were elevated in females. Furthermore, female mice demonstrated elevated serum CORT levels. Western blot analysis revealed sex-specific alterations in specific protein expression. Female mice exhibited downregulated glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, whereas male mice showed minimal changes. Additionally, female mice displayed reduced phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated PI3K, and phosphorylated mTOR levels. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in the CORT-induced depression model and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of depression. This research emphasizes sex in depression studies and supports tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Houyuan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zikang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ting Pi
- Kunming Yan'an Hospital Chenggong Hospital, PR China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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22
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Seymour J, Mathers N. Placebo stimulates neuroplasticity in depression: implications for clinical practice and research. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1301143. [PMID: 38268561 PMCID: PMC10806142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1301143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neither psychological nor neuroscientific investigations have been able to fully explain the paradox that placebo is designed to be inert in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), yet appears to be effective in evaluations of clinical interventions in all fields of medicine and alternative medicine. This article develops the Neuroplasticity Placebo Theory, which posits that neuroplasticity in fronto-limbic areas is the unifying factor in placebo response (seen in RCTs) and placebo effect (seen in clinical interventions) where it is not intended to be inert. Depression is the disorder that has the highest placebo response of any medical condition and has the greatest potential for understanding how placebos work: recent developments in understanding of the pathophysiology of depression suggest that fronto-limbic areas are sensitized in depression which is associated with a particularly strong placebo phenomenon. An innovative linkage is made between diverse areas of the psychology and the translational psychiatry literature to provide supportive evidence for the Neuroplasticity Placebo Theory. This is underpinned by neuro-radiological evidence of fronto-limbic change in the placebo arm of antidepressant trials. If placebo stimulates neuroplasticity in fronto-limbic areas in conditions other than depression - and results in a partially active treatment in other areas of medicine - there are far reaching consequences for the day-to-day use of placebo in clinical practice, the future design of RCTs in all clinical conditions, and existing unwarranted assertions about the efficacy of antidepressant medications. If fronto-limbic neuroplasticity is the common denominator in designating placebo as a partially active treatment, the terms placebo effect and placebo response should be replaced by the single term "placebo treatment."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Seymour
- Retired Consultant Psychiatrist, Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Trust, Rotherham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Mathers
- Emeritus Professor, Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhang G, Lv S, Zhong X, Li X, Yi Y, Lu Y, Yan W, Li J, Teng J. Ferroptosis: a new antidepressant pharmacological mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1339057. [PMID: 38259274 PMCID: PMC10800430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1339057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of depression, a mental disorder, is steadily increasing and has the potential to become a major global disability factor. Given the complex pathological mechanisms involved in depression, the use of conventional antidepressants may lead to severe complications due to their side effects. Hence, there is a critical need to explore the development of novel antidepressants. Ferroptosis, a newly recognized form of cell death, has been found to be closely linked to the onset of depression. Several studies have indicated that certain active ingredients can ameliorate depression by modulating the ferroptosis signaling pathway. Notably, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active ingredients and TCM prescriptions have demonstrated promising antidepressant effects in previous investigations owing to their unique advantages in antidepressant therapy. Building upon these findings, our objective was to review recent relevant research and provide new insights and directions for the development and application of innovative antidepressant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangheng Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shimeng Lv
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhao Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yitong Lu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Teng
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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24
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Tao Y, Zhou H, Li Z, Wu H, Wu F, Miao Z, Shi H, Huang F, Wu X. TGR5 deficiency-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors: The role of gut microbiota dysbiosis. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:219-232. [PMID: 37839469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anxiety and depression have been associated with imbalances in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), a bile acid receptor involved in metabolism, is influenced by the gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and microbiota using TGR5 knockout mice. METHODS We employed the following methods: (1) Assessment of behavioral changes, (2) Measurement of 5-HT levels and protein expression, (3) Analysis of stool samples, (4) Utilization of gene sequencing and statistical analysis to identify microbial signatures, (5) Examination of correlations between microbial signatures and 5-HT levels, and (6) Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments of TGR5-/- mice. RESULTS The deletion of TGR5 was found to result in increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. TGR5 knockout mice exhibited significant reductions in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in both serum and hippocampus, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of 5-HT1A receptor in the hippocampus. Moreover, TGR5 deficiency was associated with a decrease in the species richness of the gut microbiota. Specifically, the gut microbiota compositions of TGR5 knockout mice displayed distinct differences compared to their littermates, characterized by higher abundances of Anaeroplasma, Prevotella, Staphylococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, and Helicobacter, and a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium. Notably, a strong association between Jeotgalicoccus as well as Staphylococcus and serum 5-HT levels was observed in co-occurrence network. Furthermore, mice that received fecal microbiota transplants from TGR5-/- mice displayed anxiety and depression -like behaviors, accompanied by alterations in 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and serum. LIMITATIONS Study limitations for gut bacteria were analyzed at the genus level only. CONCLUSION TGR5 deletion in mice induces anxiety and depression-like behaviors, linked to reduced 5-HT levels in serum and the hippocampus. Gut microbiota changes play a direct role in these behaviors and serotonin alterations. This implicates TGR5 and gut bacteria in mood regulation, with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Houyuan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zikang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fanggeng Wu
- Jiangxi Tumor Hospital, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Miao
- Jiangxi Tumor Hospital, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, the MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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25
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Deng MG, Liu F, Wang K, Zhang MJ, Feng Q, Liu J. Association between dietary flavonoid intake and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional research. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 86:75-84. [PMID: 38134552 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and depression symptoms in American adults. METHODS Data sets were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018 survey cycles. Both males and females aged 18 years and older with complete information about dietary flavonoid intake (isoflavones, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, and flavonols), depression symptoms, and covariates were included. Logistic regression models were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of single dietary flavonoid subclass intake on depression, and the restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were utilized to explore the corresponding dose-response relationships. Additionally, we implemented the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) models to estimate the mixed effects of six flavonoid subclasses and identify the predominant types. RESULTS After multivariable adjustments, people with higher consumption of flavanones (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90, p = 0.008), flavones (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.87, p = 0.007), flavonols (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49-0.89, p = 0.008), and total flavonoids (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.95, p = 0.024) had lower odds of depression symptoms. Meanwhile, significant dose-response relationships were supported by the RCS models. However, no obvious associations between isoflavones, anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, and the odds of suffering from depression symptoms were found by the logistic regression models and RCS models. As for the mixed effect, the WQS and qgcomp models both demonstrated that the mixture of six flavonoid subclasses was inversely related to the odds ratios of depression symptoms, and flavones, flavanones, and anthocyanidins were the top 3 contributors. CONCLUSION Our study implied dietary flavonoid intake was associated with the decreased probability of depression symptoms in U.S. adults, among which flavones, flavanones, and anthocyanidins may occupy the predominant roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei, China; Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Public Health, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei, China; Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan 430012, Hubei, China.
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26
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Fang Y, Li Y, Liao X, Deng J, Wang Q, Liang J, Yan B. Corydalis yanhusuo Polysaccharides Ameliorate Chronic Stress-Induced Depression in Mice through Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acid Activation of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Signaling. J Med Food 2023; 26:890-901. [PMID: 38010856 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression, a prevalent psychiatric disorder, presents a serious health risk to humans. Increasing evidence suggested that the gut microbiota and the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathway both contribute significantly to depression. This research aimed to investigate how Corydalis yanhusuo polysaccharides (CYP) could potentially alleviate depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice, as well as its underlying mechanism. The sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test were employed to evaluate the behavior of mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR techniques were utilized to measure depression-related factors (dopamine [DA], 5-HT, norepinephrine [NE], brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], tryptophan hydroxylase 2 [TPH-2], 5-hydroxytryptophan [5-HTP], and tryptophan hydroxylase [TPH-1] levels). Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining were conducted to observe histopathological changes in the hippocampus, the differences in the diversity of gut flora between groups were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics was utilized to evaluate short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. The findings indicated that CYP treatment increased the sucrose preference index, decreased the immobility time, and improved neuropathological injury. In depressed mice, CYP improved the dysregulation of the gut microbiota, and increased the SCFA levels. In addition, CYP enhanced the DA, 5-HT, NE, BDNF, and TPH-2 levels in the brain and the expression of 5-HTP and TPH-1 in the colon, while SCFAs were positively correlated with these levels. In summary, our study suggested that CYP may mitigate depression by ameliorating gut microbiota dysregulation, promoting the generation of SCFAs, and activation of 5-HT signaling expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of TCM & Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Affiliated Reproductive Maternity and Child Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Information, Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingtao Liang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bohua Yan
- Department of GCP, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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27
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Shirkavand A, Akhavan Tavakoli M, Ebrahimpour Z. A Brief Review of Low-Level Light Therapy in Depression Disorder. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e55. [PMID: 38028864 PMCID: PMC10658118 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also called Photobiomodulation, has gained widespread acceptance as a mainstream modality, particularly in the form of photobiostimulation (PBM). Here in our review, we aim to present the application of LLLT to help with depression, explore potential action mechanisms and pathways, discuss existing limitations, and address the challenges associated with its clinical implementation. Methods: In biological systems, the visible light with a wavelength range of 400-700 nm activates photoreceptors involved in vision and circadian rhythm regulation. The near-infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength range of 800-1100 nm exhibits superior tissue penetration capabilities compared to the visible light, which enables the non-invasive application of LLLT to various tissues. Results: By enhancing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production using the respiratory chain, LLLT is able to enhance blood flow, reduce inflammation, support repair and healing, and enhance stem cell growth and proliferation. Preclinical studies using animal models have shown promising neuroprotective effects of the LLLT method on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, suggesting potential improvements in brain function for patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. In addition, it helps Parkinson's patients with their movement problems and ameliorates mental disorders in individuals with depression. Conclusion: patients' quality of life can be significantly enhanced. A comprehensive understanding of the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of LLLT will facilitate its therapeutic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Shirkavand
- Department of Photodynamic Therapy, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Ebrahimpour
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 54, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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28
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Vecera CM, C. Courtes A, Jones G, Soares JC, Machado-Vieira R. Pharmacotherapies Targeting GABA-Glutamate Neurotransmission for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1572. [PMID: 38004437 PMCID: PMC10675154 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a term used to describe a particular type of major depressive disorder (MDD). There is no consensus about what defines TRD, with various studies describing between 1 and 4 failures of antidepressant therapies, with or without electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). That is why TRD is such a growing concern among clinicians and researchers, and it explains the necessity for investigating novel therapeutic targets beyond conventional monoamine pathways. An imbalance between two primary central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitters, L-glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), has emerged as having a key role in the pathophysiology of TRD. In this review, we provide an evaluation and comprehensive review of investigational antidepressants targeting these two systems, accessing their levels of available evidence, mechanisms of action, and safety profiles. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism has shown the most promise amongst the glutamatergic targets, with ketamine and esketamine (Spravato) robustly generating responses across trials. Two specific NMDA-glycine site modulators, D-cycloserine (DCS) and apimostinel, have also generated promising initial safety and efficacy profiles, warranting further investigation. Combination dextromethorphan-bupropion (AXS-05/Auvelity) displays a unique mechanism of action and demonstrated positive results in particular applicability in subpopulations with cognitive dysfunction. Currently, the most promising GABA modulators appear to be synthetic neurosteroid analogs with positive GABAA receptor modulation (such as brexanolone). Overall, advances in the last decade provide exciting perspectives for those who do not improve with conventional therapies. Of the compounds reviewed here, three are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): esketamine (Spravato) for TRD, Auvelity (dextromethorphan-bupropion) for major depressive disorder (MDD), and brexanolone (Zulresso) for post-partum depression (PPD). Notably, some concerns have arisen with esketamine and brexanolone, which will be detailed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Vecera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alan C. Courtes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Gregory Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- John S. Dunn Behavioral Sciences Center at UTHealth Houston, 5615 H.Mark Crosswell Jr St, Houston, TX 77021, USA
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29
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Chandramouleeshwaran S, Khan WU, Inglis F, Rajji TK. Impact of psychotropic medications on cognition among older adults: a systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37860872 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review is to examine the cognitive impact of psychotropic medications including benzodiazepines, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, or a combination of these drugs on older adults. DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING We searched Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase through the Ovid platform, CINAHL through EBSCO, and Web of Science. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Randomized control trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that used a validated scale to measure cognition with a follow-up period of at least six months were included. MEASUREMENT The primary outcome of interest was cognitive change associated with psychotropic medication use. RESULTS A total of 7551 articles were identified from the primary electronic literature search across the five databases after eliminating duplicates. Based on full-text analysis, 27 articles (two RCTs, 25 cohorts) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, nine each examined the impact of benzodiazepines and antidepressants, five examined psychotropic combinations, three on antipsychotic drugs, and one on the effects of mood stabilizers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review to examine the cognitive impact of multiple psychotropic drug classes in older adults over an extended follow-up period (six months or more) using robust sample sizes, drug-free control groups, and validated cognitive instruments. We found evidence to indicate cognitive decline with the cumulative use of benzodiazepines and the use of antidepressants, especially those with anticholinergic properties among older adults without cognitive impairment at baseline. Further, the use of antipsychotics and psychotropic combinations is also associated with cognitive decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Chandramouleeshwaran
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Waqas U Khan
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Fiona Inglis
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wunram HL, Kasparbauer AM, Oberste M, Bender S. [Movement as a Neuromodulator: How Physical Activity Influences the Physiology of Adolescent Depression]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 52:77-93. [PMID: 37851436 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Movement as a Neuromodulator: How Physical Activity Influences the Physiology of Adolescent Depression Abstract: In the context of adolescent depression, physical activity is becoming increasingly recognized for its positive effects on neuropathology. Current scientific findings indicate that physical training affects the biological effects of depression during adolescence. Yet the pathophysiology of adolescent depression is not yet fully understood. Besides psychosocial and genetic influences, various neurobiological factors are being discussed. One explanation model describes a dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) with a sustained elevation in cortisol concentration. Recent studies highlight neuroimmunological processes and a reduced concentration of growth factors as causative factors. These changes appear to lead to a dysregulation of the excitation and inhibition balance of the cerebral cortex as well as to cerebral morphological alterations. Regular physical training can potentially counteract the dysregulation of the HPA axis and normalize cortisol levels. The release of proinflammatory cytokines is inhibited, and the expression of growth factors involved in adult neurogenesis is stimulated. One should ensure the synergistic interaction of biological and psychosocial factors when designing the exercise schedule (endurance or strength training, group or individual sports, frequency, duration, and intensity). Addressing these open questions is essential when integrating physical activity into the guidelines for treating depressive disorders in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Lioba Wunram
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Kinderklinik Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Anna-Maria Kasparbauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Max Oberste
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Bioinformatik, Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
| | - Stephan Bender
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik Köln, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Deutschland
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Zhang W, Sun J, Li Q, Liu C, Niu F, Yue R, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Ma C, Deng S. Free Radical-Mediated Grafting of Natural Polysaccharides Such as Chitosan, Starch, Inulin, and Pectin with Some Polyphenols: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Bioactivities, and Applications-A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3688. [PMID: 37835341 PMCID: PMC10572827 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols and polysaccharides are very important natural products with special physicochemical properties and extensive biological activities. Recently, polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates have been synthesized to overcome the limitations of polysaccharides and broaden their application range. Grafted copolymers are produced through chemical coupling, enzyme-mediated, and free radical-mediated methods, among which the free radical-induced grafting reaction is the most cost-effective, ecofriendly, safe, and plausible approach. Here, we review the grafting reactions of polysaccharides mediated by free radicals with various bioactive polyphenols, such as gallic acid (GA), ferulic acid (FA), and catechins. A detailed introduction of the methods and their mechanisms for free radical-mediated grafting is given. Structural characterization methods of the graft products, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are introduced. Furthermore, the biological properties of polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates are also presented, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and neuroprotection activities, etc. Moreover, the potential applications of polyphenol-polysaccharide conjugates are described. Finally, the challenges and research prospects of graft products are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Jian Sun
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Qiang Li
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Chanmin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Fuxiang Niu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Ruixue Yue
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Hong Zhu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Chen Ma
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Shaoying Deng
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China; (W.Z.); (F.N.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.M.); (S.D.)
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Johansen A, Armand S, Plavén-Sigray P, Nasser A, Ozenne B, Petersen IN, Keller SH, Madsen J, Beliveau V, Møller K, Vassilieva A, Langley C, Svarer C, Stenbæk DS, Sahakian BJ, Knudsen GM. Effects of escitalopram on synaptic density in the healthy human brain: a randomized controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4272-4279. [PMID: 37814129 PMCID: PMC10827655 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the exact mechanism of action and why effects can take several weeks to manifest is not clear. The hypothesis of neuroplasticity is supported by preclinical studies, but the evidence in humans is limited. Here, we investigate the effects of the SSRI escitalopram on presynaptic density as a proxy for synaptic plasticity. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study (NCT04239339), 32 healthy participants with no history of psychiatric or cognitive disorders were randomized to receive daily oral dosing of either 20 mg escitalopram (n = 17) or a placebo (n = 15). After an intervention period of 3-5 weeks, participants underwent a [11C]UCB-J PET scan (29 with full arterial input function) to quantify synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) density in the hippocampus and the neocortex. Whereas we find no statistically significant group difference in SV2A binding after an average of 29 (range: 24-38) days of intervention, our secondary analyses show a time-dependent effect of escitalopram on cerebral SV2A binding with positive associations between [11C]UCB-J binding and duration of escitalopram intervention. Our findings suggest that brain synaptic plasticity evolves over 3-5 weeks in healthy humans following daily intake of escitalopram. This is the first in vivo evidence to support the hypothesis of neuroplasticity as a mechanism of action for SSRIs in humans and it offers a plausible biological explanation for the delayed treatment response commonly observed in patients treated with SSRIs. While replication is warranted, these results have important implications for the design of future clinical studies investigating the neurobiological effects of SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Johansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Armand
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arafat Nasser
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida N Petersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune H Keller
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kirsten Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Vassilieva
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Xie Z, Xie H, Peng X, Hu J, Chen L, Li X, Qi H, Zeng J, Zeng N. The antidepressant-like effects of Danzhi Xiaoyao San and its active ingredients. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155015. [PMID: 37597362 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a severe mental illness that endangers human health. Depressed individuals are prone to sleep less and to the loss of appetite for food; their thinking and cognition processes, as well as mood, may even be affected. Danzhi Xiaoyao San (DXS), documented in the Internal Medicine Summary, has been used for hundreds of years in China and is widely applied traditionally to treat liver qi stagnation, liver and spleen blood deficiency, menstrual disorders, and spontaneous and night sweating. DXS can also clear heat and drain the liver. Presently, it is used frequently in the treatment of depression based on its ability to clear the liver and alleviate depression. PURPOSE To summarize clinical and preclinical studies on the antidepressant-like effects of DXS, understand the material basis and mechanisms of these effects, and offer new suggestions and methods for the clinical treatment of depression. METHODS "Danzhi Xiaoyao", "Danzhixiaoyao", "Xiaoyao", "depression" and active ingredients were entered as keywords in PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI and WANFANG DATA databases in the search for material on DXS and its active ingredients. The PRISMA guidelines were followed in this review process. RESULTS Per clinical reports, DXS has a therapeutic effect on patients with depression but few side effects. DXS and its active ingredients allegedly produce their neuroprotective antidepressant-like effects by modulating monoamine neurotransmitter levels, inhibiting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperfunction, reducing neuroinflammation and increasing neurotrophic factors. CONCLUSION Overall, DXS influences multiple potential mechanisms to exert its antidepressant-like effects thanks to its multicomponent character. Because depression is not caused by a single mechanism, probing the antidepressant-like effects of DXS could further help understand the pathogenesis of depression and discover new antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Hongxiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Hu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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Lin CC, Yang CP, Cheng PY, Hsiao M, Liu YP. Escitalopram reversibility of the impacts following chronic stress on central 5-HT profiles - Implications to depression and anxiety. Behav Brain Res 2023; 453:114613. [PMID: 37544369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress is considered a crucial determinant influencing health capacity in modern society. Long-term stress makes individuals more susceptible to mental dysfunctions, among which depression and anxiety are two major mental disorders. The success of using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to treat these two disorders highlights the involvement of the central serotonergic (5-HT) system. Later studies suggest both presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT profiles should be considered for the effects of SSRIs, making it difficult to interpret the etiological and therapeutic mechanisms underlying depression and anxiety. The present study aims to examine whether the intervention of escitalopram (Es, 5 mg/kg daily for 14 days) can reverse the behavioral phenotypes of both depression-like [by sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim test (FST)] and anxiety-like [by avoidance latency and escape latency in elevated-T maze (ETM)] behaviors, and the brain area-dependent neurochemical changes of 5-HT profiles of the terminal regions regarding both synaptic efflux and tissue levels in rats of chronic mild stress (CMS). Our results showed that: (i) Even mild stresses when presented in an unpredictable and long-term manner, can induce both depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors. (ii) Depressive profile indexed by SPT was more sensitive to reflect the Es effect than that of FST. (iii) Es did not significantly affect the CMS-induced anxiety-like symptoms indexed by ETM. (iv) Changes in the protein expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were compatible with the treatment outcome. Our results contributed to the understanding of stress-induced mood dysfunction and the involvement of central 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Cheng Lin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yia-Ping Liu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Fonseca C, Ettcheto M, Bicker J, Fernandes MJ, Falcão A, Camins A, Fortuna A. Under the umbrella of depression and Alzheimer's disease physiopathology: Can cannabinoids be a dual-pleiotropic therapy? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:101998. [PMID: 37414155 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression and Alzheimer´s disease (AD) are two disorders highly prevalent worldwide. Depression affects more than 300 million people worldwide while AD affects 60-80% of the 55 million cases of dementia. Both diseases are affected by aging with high prevalence in elderly and share not only the main brain affected areas but also several physiopathological mechanisms. Depression disease is already ascribed as a risk factor to the development of AD. Despite the wide diversity of pharmacological treatments currently available in clinical practice for depression management, they remain associated to a slow recovery process and to treatment-resistant depression. On the other hand, AD treatment is essentially based in symptomatology relieve. Thus, the need for new multi-target treatments arises. Herein, we discuss the current state-of-art regarding the contribution of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in synaptic transmission processes, synapses plasticity and neurogenesis and consequently the use of exogenous cannabinoids in the treatment of depression and on delaying the progression of AD. Besides the well-known imbalance of neurotransmitter levels, including serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine and glutamate, recent scientific evidence highlights aberrant spine density, neuroinflammation, dysregulation of neurotrophic factor levels and formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, as the main physiopathological mechanisms compromised in depression and AD. The contribution of the ECS in these mechanisms is herein specified as well as the pleiotropic effects of phytocannabinoids. At the end, it became evident that Cannabinol, Cannabidiol, Cannabigerol, Cannabidivarin and Cannabichromene may act in novel therapeutic targets, presenting high potential in the pharmacotherapy of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria José Fernandes
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, CEP, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Inserra A, Piot A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:733-754. [PMID: 37603260 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-01008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (ADs) represent the sixth leading cause of disability worldwide, resulting in a significant global economic burden. Over 50% of individuals with ADs do not respond to standard therapies, making the identification of more effective anxiolytic drugs an ongoing research priority. In this work, we review the preclinical literature concerning the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on anxiety-like behaviors in preclinical models, and the clinical literature on anxiolytic effects of LSD in healthy volunteers and patients with ADs. Preclinical and clinical findings show that even if LSD may exacerbate anxiety acutely (both in "microdoses" and "full doses"), it induces long-lasting anxiolytic effects. Only two randomized controlled trials combining LSD and psychotherapy have been performed in patients with ADs with and without life-threatening conditions, showing a good safety profile and persisting decreases in anxiety outcomes. The effect of LSD on anxiety may be mediated by serotonin receptors (5-HT1A/1B, 5-HT2A/2C, and 5-HT7) and/or transporter in brain networks and circuits (default mode network, cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, and prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit), involved in the modulation of anxiety. It remains unclear whether LSD can be an efficacious treatment alone or only when combined with psychotherapy, and if "microdosing" may elicit the same sustained anxiolytic effects as the "full doses". Further randomized controlled trials with larger sample size cohorts of patients with ADs are required to clearly define the effective regimens, safety profile, efficacy, and feasibility of LSD for the treatment of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Piot
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Feng YY, Bromberg-Martin ES, Monosov IE. Dorsal raphe neurons signal integrated value during multi-attribute decision-making. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553745. [PMID: 37662243 PMCID: PMC10473596 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is implicated in psychiatric disorders that feature impaired sensitivity to reward amount, impulsivity when facing reward delays, and risk-seeking when grappling with reward uncertainty. However, whether and how DRN neurons signal reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty during multi-attribute value-based decision-making, where subjects consider all these attributes to make a choice, is unclear. We recorded DRN neurons as monkeys chose between offers whose attributes, namely expected reward amount, reward delay, and reward uncertainty, varied independently. Many DRN neurons signaled offer attributes. Remarkably, these neurons commonly integrated offer attributes in a manner that reflected monkeys' overall preferences for amount, delay, and uncertainty. After decision-making, in response to post-decision feedback, these same neurons signaled signed reward prediction errors, suggesting a broader role in tracking value across task epochs and behavioral contexts. Our data illustrate how DRN participates in integrated value computations, guiding theories of DRN in decision-making and psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ilya E. Monosov
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Xia CX, Gao AX, Zhu Y, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Flavonoids from Seabuckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) restore CUMS-induced depressive disorder and regulate the gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:7426-7438. [PMID: 37485660 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01332d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), which is enriched with flavonoids, including isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol, is a representative example of "medicine food homology" targeting several diseases. Major depressive disorders seriously threaten mental health worldwide and may even lead to death. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive-like symptoms in mice are usually considered as the highest similarity to the situation in humans. Herein, we determined the potential functions of the flavonoid-enriched fraction from Seabuckthorn, which was named SBF, in treating major depressive disorder in mice. In the CUMS-induced mouse model, the intake of SBF reversed their depressive behaviors and relieved the CUMS-disturbed levels of neurotrophins, neurotransmitters, stress-related hormones, and inflammation-related cytokines. Additionally, the treatment of depressive mice with SBF showed ability to regulate the gut microbiota, especially in decreasing the abundance of Lactobacillaceae, while increasing the abundance of Lachnospiraceae at the family level. The results suggest the beneficial effects of Seabuckthorn flavonoids in functioning as a health food supplement to treat major depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alex Xiong Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tina Ting-Xia Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Bartova L, Lanzenberger R, Rujescu D, Kasper S. Reply to: "The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence" published by Moncrieff J, Cooper RE, Stockmann T, Amendola S, Hengartner MP, Horowitz MA in Molecular Psychiatry (2022 Jul 20. doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01661-0). Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3153-3154. [PMID: 37322062 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Marinho LSR, Chiarantin GMD, Ikebara JM, Cardoso DS, de Lima-Vasconcellos TH, Higa GSV, Ferraz MSA, De Pasquale R, Takada SH, Papes F, Muotri AR, Kihara AH. The impact of antidepressants on human neurodevelopment: Brain organoids as experimental tools. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:67-76. [PMID: 36115764 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of antidepressants during pregnancy benefits the mother's well-being, but the effects of such substances on neurodevelopment remain poorly understood. Moreover, the consequences of early exposure to antidepressants may not be immediately apparent at birth. In utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been related to developmental abnormalities, including a reduced white matter volume. Several reports have observed an increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after prenatal exposure to SSRIs such as sertraline, the most widely prescribed SSRI. The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) methods and assays now offers appropriate tools to test the consequences of such compounds for neurodevelopment in vitro. In particular, hiPSCs can be used to generate cerebral organoids - self-organized structures that recapitulate the morphology and complex physiology of the developing human brain, overcoming the limitations found in 2D cell culture and experimental animal models for testing drug efficacy and side effects. For example, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and electrophysiological measurements on organoids can be used to evaluate the impact of antidepressants on the transcriptome and neuronal activity signatures in developing neurons. While the analysis of large-scale transcriptomic data depends on dimensionality reduction methods, electrophysiological recordings rely on temporal data series to discriminate statistical characteristics of neuronal activity, allowing for the rigorous analysis of the effects of antidepressants and other molecules that affect the developing nervous system, especially when applied in combination with relevant human cellular models such as brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliane Midori Ikebara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Débora Sterzeck Cardoso
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-045, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto De Pasquale
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute I, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Fabio Papes
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil; Center for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, Archealization Center (ArchC), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-045, Brazil.
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Yamada T, Watanabe T, Sasaki Y. Are sleep disturbances a cause or consequence of autism spectrum disorder? Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:377-385. [PMID: 36949621 PMCID: PMC10871071 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core symptoms such as atypical social communication, stereotyped behaviors, and restricted interests. One of the comorbid symptoms of individuals with ASD is sleep disturbance. There are two major hypotheses regarding the neural mechanism underlying ASD, i.e., the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance and the altered neuroplasticity hypotheses. However, the pathology of ASD remains unclear due to inconsistent research results. This paper argues that sleep is a confounding factor, thus, must be considered when examining the pathology of ASD because sleep plays an important role in modulating the E/I balance and neuroplasticity in the human brain. Investigation of the E/I balance and neuroplasticity during sleep might enhance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of ASD. It may also lead to the development of neurobiologically informed interventions to supplement existing psychosocial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, 02912, USA
| | - Takeo Watanabe
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, 02912, USA
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, 02912, USA
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Siopi E, Galerne M, Rivagorda M, Saha S, Moigneu C, Moriceau S, Bigot M, Oury F, Lledo PM. Gut microbiota changes require vagus nerve integrity to promote depressive-like behaviors in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3002-3012. [PMID: 37131071 PMCID: PMC10615761 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress constitutes a major risk factor for depression that can disrupt various aspects of homeostasis, including the gut microbiome (GM). We have recently shown that GM imbalance affects adult hippocampal (HPC) neurogenesis and induces depression-like behaviors, with the exact mechanisms being under active investigation. Here we hypothesized that the vagus nerve (VN), a key bidirectional route of communication between the gut and the brain, could relay the effects of stress-induced GM changes on HPC plasticity and behavior. We used fecal samples derived from mice that sustained unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) to inoculate healthy mice and assess standard behavioral readouts for anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, conduct histological and molecular analyses for adult HPC neurogenesis and evaluate neurotransmission pathways and neuroinflammation. To study the potential role of the VN in mediating the effects of GM changes on brain functions and behavior, we used mice that sustained subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (Vx) prior the GM transfer. We found that inoculation of healthy mice with GM from UCMS mice activates the VN and induces early and sustained changes in both serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission pathways in the brainstem and HPC. These changes are associated with prompt and persistent deficits in adult HPC neurogenesis and induce early and sustained neuroinflammatory responses in the HPC. Remarkably, Vx abrogates adult HPC neurogenesis deficits, neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior, suggesting that vagal afferent pathways are necessary to drive GM-mediated effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Siopi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Mathieu Galerne
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Manon Rivagorda
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Soham Saha
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Carine Moigneu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Moriceau
- Platform for Neurobehavior and Metabolism, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, 26 INSERM US24/CNRS UAR 3633, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Bigot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Franck Oury
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Lledo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
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Tasnim T, Sadiq MZA, Karim KMR. Depression level, nutritional status, and dietary nutrient intake of the older adult at the community level in a selected area of Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18199. [PMID: 37501974 PMCID: PMC10368819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is associated with higher rates of morbidity and death in the older population. Depression or mental health is a major component of older adult malnutrition. The aim of the study was to measure the level of malnutrition and depression in older adults, as well as their correlated factors, such as dietary energy and nutrient consumption. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 older individuals living in two areas of Faridpur, Bangladesh. The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Geriatric Depression (GD) Scale, and 24-h dietary recall were used to measure the nutritional status, depression level, and dietary nutrients, respectively. A total of 20.4% and 55.6% were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, respectively. Around 81.5% of the study subjects exhibited a different degree of depression and 9.3% were identified as having severe depression. There was a significant inverse association between the MNA-SF score and the GD score (r = -0.684, p=<0.001). The average energy and protein consumption was 1387 kcal and 45.52 g, respectively; and energy and protein intake were significantly lower in the depressed group (1353 Kcal, 43.8 g) than in the non-depressed group (1530 Kcal, 52.4 g). An extremely low energy consumption (<20 kcal/kg body weight/day) was noted in 27.1% of the older adults. None of the participants in this study were able to meet the requirements for dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E. Specific nutrition-related intervention programs as well as social and familial support are recommended to improve the nutritional status of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasmia Tasnim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, 1216, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zafar As Sadiq
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Mohsenpour MA, Mohammadi F, Razmjooei N, Eftekhari MH, Hejazi N. Milk kefir drink may not reduce depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: secondary outcome analysis of a randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:80. [PMID: 37386551 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is prevalent among individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can cause poor health outcomes. Moreover, a solid bilateral association between NAFLD and depression has been shown, which may alleviate by kefir consumption. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of milk kefir drinks on the depression status of individuals with NAFLD. METHODS In a secondary outcome analysis of a randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, 80 adults with grades 1 to 3 of NAFLD were included in an 8-week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to Diet or Diet + kefir groups to either follow a low-calorie diet or a low-calorie diet along with a 500 cc milk kefir drink daily. The participants' demographic, anthropometric, dietary, and physical data were recorded before and after the study. Depression status was assessed using the Persian format of the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II-Persian) at the baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Overall, 80 participants aged 42.87 ± 10.67 years were included in the analysis. The data on the baseline demographic, dietary, and physical activity of the groups were not significantly different. During the study, participants in Diet + Kefir group had a significantly decreased energy (P = 0.02), carbohydrate (P = 0.4), and fat consumption (P = 0.4). However, during the study, the depression score was not significantly reduced in the Diet group, the Diet + Kefir group showed a significant reduction in depression (P = 0.02). However, between-group analyses for changes in depression were not significant (P = 0.59). CONCLUSION Consumption of milk kefir drink for 8 weeks may not reduce depression symptoms in adults with NAFLD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered at IRCT.ir as IRCT20170916036204N6 (August 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nadia Razmjooei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Hejazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Peckham H. Introducing the Neuroplastic Narrative: a non-pathologizing biological foundation for trauma-informed and adverse childhood experience aware approaches. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1103718. [PMID: 37283710 PMCID: PMC10239852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most people accessing mental health services have adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and/or histories of complex trauma. In recognition of this, there are calls to move away from medical model approaches and move toward trauma-informed approaches which privilege the impact of life experience over underlying pathology in the etiology of emotional and psychological suffering. Trauma-informed approaches lack a biological narrative linking trauma and adversity to later suffering. In its absence, this suffering is diagnosed and treated as a mental illness. This study articulates the Neuroplastic Narrative, a neuroecological theory that fills this gap, conceptualizing emotional and psychological suffering as the cost of surviving and adapting to the impinging environments of trauma and adversity. The Neuroplastic Narrative privileges lived experience and recognizes that our experiences become embedded in our biology through evolved mechanisms that ultimately act to preserve survival in the service of reproduction. Neuroplasticity refers to the capacity of neural systems to adapt and change. Our many evolved neuroplastic mechanisms including epigenetics, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and white matter plasticity allow us to learn from, and adapt to, past experiences. This learning and adaption in turn allows us to better anticipate and physiologically prepare for future experiences that (nature assumes) are likely to occur, based on past experiences. However, neuroplastic mechanisms cannot discriminate between experiences; they function to embed experience regardless of the quality of that experience, generating vicious or virtuous cycles of psychobiological anticipation, to help us survive or thrive in futures that resemble our privileged or traumatic pasts. The etiology of suffering that arises from this process is not a pathology (a healthy brain is a brain that can adapt to experience) but is the evolutionary cost of surviving traumatizing environments. Misidentifying this suffering as a pathology and responding with diagnosis and medication is not trauma-informed and may cause iatrogenic harm, in part through perpetuating stigma and exacerbating the shame which attends complex trauma and ACEs. As an alternative, this study introduces the Neuroplastic Narrative, which is situated within an evolutionary framework. The Neuroplastic Narrative complements both Life History and Attachment Theory and provides a non-pathologizing, biological foundation for trauma-informed and Adverse Childhood Experience aware approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Peckham
- Centre for Mental Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Yuan F, Zhou Z, Wu S, Jiao F, Chen L, Fang L, Yin H, Hu X, Jiang X, Liu K, Xiao F, Jiang H, Chen S, Liu Z, Shu Y, Guo F. Intestinal activating transcription factor 4 regulates stress-related behavioral alterations via paraventricular thalamus in male mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215590120. [PMID: 37126693 PMCID: PMC10175747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215590120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces depression- and anxiety-related behaviors, which are common mental disorders accompanied not only by dysfunction of the brain but also of the intestine. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a stress-induced gene, and we previously show that it is important for gut functions; however, the contribution of the intestinal ATF4 to stress-related behaviors is not known. Here, we show that chronic stress inhibits the expression of ATF4 in gut epithelial cells. ATF4 overexpression in the colon relieves stress-related behavioral alterations in male mice, as measured by open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, and tail suspension test, whereas intestine-specific ATF4 knockout induces stress-related behavioral alterations in male mice. Furthermore, glutamatergic neurons are inhibited in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) of two strains of intestinal ATF4-deficient mice, and selective activation of these neurons alleviates stress-related behavioral alterations in intestinal ATF4-deficient mice. The highly expressed gut-secreted peptide trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is chosen from RNA-Seq data from ATF4 deletion mice and demonstrated decreased in gut epithelial cells, which is directly regulated by ATF4. Injection of TFF3 reverses stress-related behaviors in ATF4 knockout mice, and the beneficial effects of TFF3 are blocked by inhibiting PVT glutamatergic neurons using DREADDs. In summary, this study demonstrates the function of ATF4 in the gut-brain regulation of stress-related behavioral alterations, via TFF3 modulating PVT neural activity. This research provides evidence of gut signals regulating stress-related behavioral alterations and identifies possible drug targets for the treatment of stress-related behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Yuan
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shangming Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Fuxin Jiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Hanrui Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Haizhou Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200031, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Minister of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
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Jiang S, Sun M, Zhou X, Xu Y, Ullah H, Niu X, Feng C, Gao Q. Association between blood manganese levels and depressive symptoms among US adults: A nationally representative cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:65-71. [PMID: 37084963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicated that manganese (Mn) levels were inconsistently associated with the prevalence of depression. We aimed to evaluate whether blood Mn concentrations were associated with the risk of depression among US adults. METHODS Using the NHANES 2011-2019 datasets, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 16,572 eligible participants with complete data on blood Mn concentrations and depression diagnosis. A weighted multivariable logistic model and restricted cubic spline model were applied to explore the association and dose-response relationship of blood Mn concentrations with depression risk in the total population and subgroups. RESULTS In the total population, compared with the lowest reference group of blood Mn, participants in the second, third, and fourth quartile had an OR of 0.84 (95%CI: 0.66, 1.07), 0.93 (95%CI: 0.73, 1.19) and 0.91 (95%CI: 0.71, 1.15) for depression (ptrend = 0.640). In subgroup analyses, doubling of blood Mn concentrations was associated with a 0.83-fold (95%CI: 0.67, 1.02), 0.30 -fold (0.14, 0.65) decreased risk of depression in females and other ethnic groups, respectively. Significant modification effects of ethnicity on the association of blood Mn concentrations with depression risk were observed. LIMITATIONS cross-sectional study design and self-reported depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Elevated blood Mn concentrations were associated with decreased depression risk in females and other specific subgroups. Mn supplementation could be a potential pathway for intervention and prevention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Jiang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong, China.
| | - Mingjia Sun
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyong Zhou
- Luqiao Township Health Center, Weishan, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Yaru Xu
- Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of International Education, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinpeng Niu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong, China.
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Shen Z, Yu M, Dong Z. Research Progress on the Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms of Sini Powder against Depression from the Perspective of the Central Nervous System. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040741. [PMID: 37109699 PMCID: PMC10141708 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent emotional disorder characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interest, and loss of pleasure. The pathological causes of depression are associated with neuronal atrophy, synaptic loss, and neurotransmitter activity decline in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from injuries, such as inflammatory responses. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, patients with depression often exhibit the liver qi stagnation syndrome type. Sini Powder (SNP) is a classic prescription for treating such depression-related syndrome types in China. This study systematically summarized clinical applications and experimental studies of SNP for treatments of depression. We scrutinized the active components of SNP with blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and speculated about the corresponding pharmacodynamic pathways relevant to depression treatment through intervening in the CNS. Therefore, this article can enhance our understanding of SNP's pharmacological mechanisms and formula construction for depression treatment. Moreover, a re-demonstration of this classic TCM prescription in the modern-science language is of great significance for future drug development and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Shen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhenfei Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Faingold CL, Feng HJ. A unified hypothesis of SUDEP: Seizure-induced respiratory depression induced by adenosine may lead to SUDEP but can be prevented by autoresuscitation and other restorative respiratory response mechanisms mediated by the action of serotonin on the periaqueductal gray. Epilepsia 2023; 64:779-796. [PMID: 36715572 PMCID: PMC10673689 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of death in people with epilepsy (PWE). Postictal apnea leading to cardiac arrest is the most common sequence of terminal events in witnessed cases of SUDEP, and postconvulsive central apnea has been proposed as a potential biomarker of SUDEP susceptibility. Research in SUDEP animal models has led to the serotonin and adenosine hypotheses of SUDEP. These neurotransmitters influence respiration, seizures, and lethality in animal models of SUDEP, and are implicated in human SUDEP cases. Adenosine released during seizures is proposed to be an important seizure termination mechanism. However, adenosine also depresses respiration, and this effect is mediated, in part, by inhibition of neuronal activity in subcortical structures that modulate respiration, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Drugs that enhance the action of adenosine increase postictal death in SUDEP models. Serotonin is also released during seizures, but enhances respiration in response to an elevated carbon dioxide level, which often occurs postictally. This effect of serotonin can potentially compensate, in part, for the adenosine-mediated respiratory depression, acting to facilitate autoresuscitation and other restorative respiratory response mechanisms. A number of drugs that enhance the action of serotonin prevent postictal death in several SUDEP models and reduce postictal respiratory depression in PWE. This effect of serotonergic drugs may be mediated, in part, by actions on brainstem sites that modulate respiration, including the PAG. Enhanced activity in the PAG increases respiration in response to hypoxia and other exigent conditions and can be activated by electrical stimulation. Thus, we propose the unifying hypothesis that seizure-induced adenosine release leads to respiratory depression. This can be reversed by serotonergic action on autoresuscitation and other restorative respiratory responses acting, in part, via the PAG. Therefore, we hypothesize that serotonergic or direct activation of this brainstem site may be a useful approach for SUDEP prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl L Faingold
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Hua-Jun Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Physical activity for cognitive health promotion: An overview of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101868. [PMID: 36736379 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the modifiable factors of cognitive decline and dementia with the strongest evidence. Although many influential reviews have illustrated the neurobiological mechanisms of the cognitive benefits of physical activity, none of them have linked the neurobiological mechanisms to normal exercise physiology to help the readers gain a more advanced, comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. In this review, we address this issue and provide a synthesis of the literature by focusing on five most studied neurobiological mechanisms. We show that the body's adaptations to enhance exercise performance also benefit the brain and contribute to improved cognition. Specifically, these adaptations include, 1), the release of growth factors that are essential for the development and growth of neurons and for neurogenesis and angiogenesis, 2), the production of lactate that provides energy to the brain and is involved in the synthesis of glutamate and the maintenance of long-term potentiation, 3), the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines that reduce neuroinflammation, 4), the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzyme activity that reduce oxidative stress, and 5), the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and 5-HT that regulate neurogenesis and modulate cognition. We also discussed several issues relevant for prescribing physical activity, including what intensity and mode of physical activity brings the most cognitive benefits, based on their influence on the above five neurobiological mechanisms. We hope this review helps readers gain a general understanding of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the neurobiological mechanisms of the cognitive benefits of physical activity and guide them in designing new studies to further advance the field.
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