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Ito Y, Nishikino T, Kandori H, Furutani Y. The role of retinal chromophore photoisomerization in enhanced inward proton-pumping activity of xenorhodopsin from Nanosalina. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2025; 1866:149556. [PMID: 40328376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2025.149556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2025] [Revised: 05/02/2025] [Accepted: 05/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Xenorhodopsin (XeR) is the first identified light-driven inward proton pump, exhibiting proton translocation vectoriality opposite to that of bacteriorhodopsin (BR)-a well-characterized outward proton pump rhodopsin. The molecular mechanism governing this vectoriality remains a fundamental question. A distinguishing feature of XeRs is the substitution of the second counterion (Asp212 in BR) with a proline residue located near the protonated retinal Schiff base (PRSB). The absence of a negatively charged residue in XeRs may hinder proton transfer from the Schiff base to the primary counterion (Asp85 in BR), a key determinant of vectoriality. Several studies have reported that XeR from Nanosalina (NsXeR) exhibits higher inward proton-pumping activity than other XeRs, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the early photointermediate (K) of NsXeR using light-induced difference Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealing two characteristic features. First, the distinct hydrogen out-of-plane (HOOP) vibrations-indicative of retinal distortion-were absent, suggesting a minimally distorted retinal chromophore post-photoisomerization in NsXeR. Second, the PRSB exhibited a weaker hydrogen bond in the dark state. Interestingly, substituting Pro209 at the second counterion position with alanine or glycine (P209A and P209G) restored HOOP band intensity and strengthened the PRSB hydrogen bond. Importantly, the P209A and P209G mutants demonstrated reduced inward proton-pumping activity and slower recovery in the final thermal isomerization process compared to the wild type. These findings suggest that photoisomerization without retinal distortion enhances inward proton transport in NsXeR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Ito
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nishikino
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Furutani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
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2
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Mulimani RK, Ueda S, Miyashita R, Tsuru R, Hayashi K, Shimura R, Sk B, Matsuda S, Hirata S. Selective Lower-Occupied Through-Bond Interactions for Efficient Organic Phosphorescence Enabling High-Resolution Long-Wavelength Afterglow. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025:e2502611. [PMID: 40270334 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202502611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2025] [Revised: 03/23/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Persistent organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) enables high-resolution afterglow bioimaging, independent of autofluorescence. However, the yield of organic RTP in the long-wavelength region is generally low, which limits the high-resolution information that can be obtained from the long-wavelength region. Moreover, this makes it impossible to obtain multicolor and high-resolution afterglow images. This report describes a molecule containing no atoms from the fourth or higher period that exhibits efficient red RTP in high yield. A molecule with red phosphorescent chromophores substituted with multiple phenylthio groups reached an RTP yield of 46.3% and an RTP lifetime of 0.43 s in an appropriate crystalline host medium. The selective lower-occupied through-bond or through-space interactions among molecules significantly enhance the phosphorescence in the long-wavelength region. The highly efficient and bright red persistent RTP induces a red afterglow from individual nanoparticles. Tuning the selective lower-occupied through-bond or through-space interactions allows for the design of high-performance RTP dyes and offers a novel approach to explore high-resolution full-color afterglow imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekhar K Mulimani
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Sakuya Ueda
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyashita
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Rana Tsuru
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kikuya Hayashi
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Riku Shimura
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Bahadur Sk
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
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3
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Dixit N, Pyari G, Bansal H, Roy S. Theoretical analysis of low power optogenetic control of synaptic plasticity with subcellular expression of CapChR2 at postsynaptic spine. Sci Rep 2025; 15:11166. [PMID: 40169824 PMCID: PMC11962105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Precise control of intracellular calcium ([Formula: see text]) concentration at the synaptic neuron terminal can unravel the mechanism behind computation, learning, and memory formation inside the brain. Recently, the discovery of [Formula: see text]-permeable channelrhodopsins (CapChRs) has opened the opportunity to effectively control the intracellular [Formula: see text] concentration using optogenetics. Here, we present a new theoretical model for precise optogenetic control with newly discovered CapChR2 at postsynaptic neuron. A detailed theoretical analysis of coincident stimulation of presynaptic terminal, postsynaptic spine and optogenetic activation of CapChR2-expressing postsynaptic spine shows different ways to control postsynaptic intracellular [Formula: see text] concentration. Irradiance-dependent [Formula: see text] flow is an additional advantage of this novel method. The minimum threshold of light irradiance and optimal ranges of time lag among different stimulations and stimulation frequencies have also been determined. It is shown that synaptic efficacy occurs at 20 µW/mm2 at coincident electrical stimulation of presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic spine with optogenetic activation of CapChR2-expressed postsynaptic spine. The analysis provides a new means of direct optogenetic control of [Formula: see text]-based synaptic plasticity, better understanding of learning and memory processes, and opens prospects for targeted therapeutic interventions to modulate synaptic function and address various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripesh Dixit
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Gur Pyari
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Himanshu Bansal
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Sukhdev Roy
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, 282005, India.
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4
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Chen KH, Yang J, Liu B, Jiang C, Koylass N, Zhang Z, Sun S, Huganir R, Qiu Z. Loss of the proton-activated chloride channel in neurons impairs AMPA receptor endocytosis and LTD via endosomal hyper-acidification. Cell Rep 2025; 44:115302. [PMID: 39946237 PMCID: PMC11938102 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are forms of synaptic plasticity, thought to be the molecular basis of learning and memory, dependent on dynamic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking. Alteration of endosomal pH negatively affects synaptic transmission and neural development, but it is unclear how pH is involved in AMPAR trafficking. We show that the proton-activated chloride (PAC) channel localizes to early and recycling endosomes in neurons and prevents endosome hyper-acidification. Loss of PAC reduces AMPAR endocytosis during chemical LTD in primary neurons, while basal trafficking and LTP are unaffected. Pyramidal neuron-specific PAC knockout mice have impaired hippocampal LTD, but not LTP, and perform poorly in the Morris water maze reversal test, exhibiting impaired behavioral adaptation. We conclude that proper maintenance of endosomal pH by PAC in neurons is important during LTD to regulate AMPAR trafficking in a manner critical for animal physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Chen
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Bian Liu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chaohua Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas Koylass
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhaozhu Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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5
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Eom TY, Schmitt JE, Li Y, Davenport CM, Steinberg J, Bonnan A, Alam S, Ryu YS, Paul L, Hansen BS, Khairy K, Pelletier S, Pruett-Miller SM, Roalf DR, Gur RE, Emanuel BS, McDonald-McGinn DM, Smith JN, Li C, Christie JM, Northcott PA, Zakharenko SS. Tbx1 haploinsufficiency leads to local skull deformity, paraflocculus and flocculus dysplasia, and motor-learning deficit in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:10510. [PMID: 39638997 PMCID: PMC11621701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are thought to arise from intrinsic brain abnormalities. Alternatively, they may arise from disrupted crosstalk among tissues. Here we show the local reduction of two vestibulo-cerebellar lobules, the paraflocculus and flocculus, in mouse models and humans with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). In mice, this paraflocculus/flocculus dysplasia is associated with haploinsufficiency of the Tbx1 gene. Tbx1 haploinsufficiency also leads to impaired cerebellar synaptic plasticity and motor learning. However, neural cell compositions and neurogenesis are not altered in the dysplastic paraflocculus/flocculus. Interestingly, 22q11DS and Tbx1+/- mice have malformations of the subarcuate fossa, a part of the petrous temporal bone, which encapsulates the paraflocculus/flocculus. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing reveals that Tbx1 haploinsufficiency leads to precocious differentiation of chondrocytes to osteoblasts in the petrous temporal bone autonomous to paraflocculus/flocculus cell populations. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized pathogenic structure/function relation in 22q11DS in which local skeletal deformity and cerebellar dysplasia result in behavioral deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yeon Eom
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - J Eric Schmitt
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christopher M Davenport
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jeffrey Steinberg
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Audrey Bonnan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Shahinur Alam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Young Sang Ryu
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Leena Paul
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Baranda S Hansen
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Khaled Khairy
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Bioimage Informatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stephane Pelletier
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Jesse N Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jason M Christie
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stanislav S Zakharenko
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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6
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Daida A, Kurotani T, Yamaguchi K, Takahashi Y, Ichinohe N. Different Numbers of Conjunctive Stimuli Induce LTP or LTD in Mouse Cerebellar Purkinje Cell. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:2297-2307. [PMID: 39096432 PMCID: PMC11585524 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission at parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses plays an important role in cerebellum-related motor coordination and learning. LTD is induced by the conjunction of PF stimulation and climbing fiber (CF) stimulation or somatic PC depolarization, while long-term potentiation (LTP) is induced by PF stimulation alone. Therefore, it is considered that different types of stimulation induce different types of synaptic plasticity. However, we found that a small number of conjunctive stimulations (PF + somatic depolarization of PC) induced LTP, but did not induce LTD of a small size. This LTP was not associated with changes in paired-pulse ratio, suggesting postsynaptic origin. Additionally this LTP was dependent on nitric oxide. This LTP was also induced by a smaller number of physiological conjunctive PF and CF stimuli. These results suggested that a larger number or longer period of conjunctive stimulation is required to induce LTD by overcoming LTP. Ca2+ transients at the PC dendritic region was measured by calcium imaging during LTD-inducing conjunctive stimulation. Peak amplitude of Ca2+ transients increased gradually during repetitive conjunctive stimulation. Instantaneous peak amplitude was not different between the early phase and late phase, but the average amplitude was larger in the later phase than in the early phase. These results show that LTD overcomes LTP, and increased Ca2+ integration or a number of stimulations is required for LTD induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Daida
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-Ku, Saitama-Shi, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Tohru Kurotani
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Central Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
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7
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Hao S, Zhu X, Huang Z, Yang Q, Liu H, Wu Y, Zhan Y, Dong Y, Li C, Wang H, Haasdijk E, Wu Z, Li S, Yan H, Zhu L, Guo S, Wang Z, Ye A, Lin Y, Cui L, Tan X, Liu H, Wang M, Chen J, Zhong Y, Du W, Wang G, Lai T, Cao M, Yang T, Xu Y, Li L, Yu Q, Zhuang Z, Xia Y, Lei Y, An Y, Cheng M, Zhao Y, Han L, Yuan Y, Song X, Song Y, Gu L, Liu C, Lin X, Wang R, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li S, Li H, Song J, Chen M, Zhou W, Yuan N, Sun S, Wang S, Chen Y, Zheng M, Fang J, Zhang R, Zhang S, Chai Q, Liu J, Wei W, He J, Zhou H, Sun Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Yao J, Liang Z, Xu X, Poo M, Li C, De Zeeuw CI, Shen Z, Liu Z, Liu L, Liu S, Sun Y, Liu C. Cross-species single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of the cerebellar cortex. Science 2024; 385:eado3927. [PMID: 39325889 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular organization of the primate cerebellum remains poorly characterized. We obtained single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of macaque, marmoset, and mouse cerebella and identified primate-specific cell subtypes, including Purkinje cells and molecular-layer interneurons, that show different expression of the glutamate ionotropic receptor Delta type subunit 2 (GRID2) gene. Distinct gene expression profiles were found in anterior, posterior, and vestibular regions in all species, whereas region-selective gene expression was predominantly observed in the granular layer of primates and in the Purkinje layer of mice. Gene expression gradients in the cerebellar cortex matched well with functional connectivity gradients revealed with awake functional magnetic resonance imaging, with more lobule-specific differences between primates and mice than between two primate species. These comprehensive atlases and comparative analyses provide the basis for understanding cerebellar evolution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojia Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hean Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Wu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yafeng Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Elize Haasdijk
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zihan Wu
- Tencent AI Lab, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haotian Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Zefang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aojun Ye
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Luman Cui
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Mingli Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Chen
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yanqing Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wensi Du
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guangling Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tingting Lai
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mengdi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yuanfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ling Li
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Ying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingjie An
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lei Han
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinxiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yumo Song
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Liqin Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Ruiqi Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Yang Wang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shenyu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Nini Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Suhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mingyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qinwen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiabing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | | | - Zhifeng Liang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Muming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhiming Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yidi Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cirong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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8
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Kakegawa W, Paternain AV, Matsuda K, Aller MI, Iida I, Miura E, Nozawa K, Yamasaki T, Sakimura K, Yuzaki M, Lerma J. Kainate receptors regulate synaptic integrity and plasticity by forming a complex with synaptic organizers in the cerebellum. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114427. [PMID: 38986610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Kainate (KA)-type glutamate receptors (KARs) are implicated in various neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders through their ionotropic and metabotropic actions. However, compared to AMPA- and NMDA-type receptor functions, many aspects of KAR biology remain incompletely understood. Our study demonstrates an important role of KARs in organizing climbing fiber (CF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses and synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum, independently of their ion channel or metabotropic functions. The amino-terminal domain (ATD) of the GluK4 KAR subunit binds to C1ql1, provided by CFs, and associates with Bai3, an adhesion-type G protein-coupled receptor expressed in PC dendrites. Mice lacking GluK4 exhibit no KAR-mediated responses, reduced C1ql1 and Bai3 levels, and fewer CF-PC synapses, along with impaired long-term depression and oculomotor learning. Remarkably, introduction of the ATD of GluK4 significantly improves all these phenotypes. These findings demonstrate that KARs act as synaptic scaffolds, orchestrating synapses by forming a KAR-C1ql1-Bai3 complex in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Ana V Paternain
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Keiko Matsuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - M Isabel Aller
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Izumi Iida
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Eriko Miura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nozawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Juan Lerma
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
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9
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Shakhawat AMD, Foltz JG, Nance AB, Bhateja J, Raymond JL. Systemic pharmacological suppression of neural activity reverses learning impairment in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. eLife 2024; 12:RP92543. [PMID: 38953282 PMCID: PMC11219043 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of associative synaptic plasticity often results in impaired rather than enhanced learning. Previously, we proposed that such learning impairments can result from saturation of the plasticity mechanism (Nguyen-Vu et al., 2017), or, more generally, from a history-dependent change in the threshold for plasticity. This hypothesis was based on experimental results from mice lacking two class I major histocompatibility molecules, MHCI H2-Kb and H2-Db (MHCI KbDb-/-), which have enhanced associative long-term depression at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum (PF-Purkinje cell LTD). Here, we extend this work by testing predictions of the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis in a second mouse line with enhanced PF-Purkinje cell LTD, the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells (L7-Fmr1 KO) were selectively impaired on two oculomotor learning tasks in which PF-Purkinje cell LTD has been implicated, with no impairment on LTD-independent oculomotor learning tasks. Consistent with the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis, behavioral pre-training designed to reverse LTD at the PF-Purkinje cell synapses eliminated the oculomotor learning deficit in the L7-Fmr1 KO mice, as previously reported in MHCI KbDb-/-mice. In addition, diazepam treatment to suppress neural activity and thereby limit the induction of associative LTD during the pre-training period also eliminated the learning deficits in L7-Fmr1 KO mice. These results support the hypothesis that cerebellar LTD-dependent learning is governed by an experience-dependent sliding threshold for plasticity. An increased threshold for LTD in response to elevated neural activity would tend to oppose firing rate stability, but could serve to stabilize synaptic weights and recently acquired memories. The metaplasticity perspective could inform the development of new clinical approaches for addressing learning impairments in autism and other disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin MD Shakhawat
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | - Adam B Nance
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Jaydev Bhateja
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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10
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Shakhawat AM, Foltz JG, Nance AB, Bhateja J, Raymond JL. Systemic pharmacological suppression of neural activity reverses learning impairment in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.05.561013. [PMID: 37873217 PMCID: PMC10592955 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.05.561013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of associative synaptic plasticity often results in impaired rather than enhanced learning. Previously, we proposed that such learning impairments can result from saturation of the plasticity mechanism (Nguyen-Vu et al., 2017), or, more generally, from a history-dependent change in the threshold for plasticity. This hypothesis was based on experimental results from mice lacking two class I major histocompatibility molecules, MHCI H2-Kb and H2Db (MH-CI KbDb-/-), which have enhanced associative long-term depression at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum (PF-Purkinje cell LTD). Here, we extend this work by testing predictions of the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis in a second mouse line with enhanced PF-Purkinje cell LTD, the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells (L7-Fmr1 KO) were selectively impaired on two oculomotor learning tasks in which PF-Purkinje cell LTD has been implicated, with no impairment on LTD-independent oculomotor learning tasks. Consistent with the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis, behavioral pre-training designed to reverse LTD at the PF-Purkinje cell synapses eliminated the oculomotor learning deficit in the L7-Fmr1 KO mice, as previously reported in MHCI KbDb-/-mice. In addition, diazepam treatment to suppress neural activity and thereby limit the induction of associative LTD during the pre-training period also eliminated the learning deficits in L7-Fmr1 KO mice. These results support the hypothesis that cerebellar LTD-dependent learning is governed by an experience-dependent sliding threshold for plasticity. An increased threshold for LTD in response to elevated neural activity would tend to oppose firing rate stability, but could serve to stabilize synaptic weights and recently acquired memories. The metaplasticity perspective could inform the development of new clinical approaches for addressing learning impairments in autism and other disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Md Shakhawat
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5125
| | - Jacqueline G Foltz
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5125
| | | | - Jaydev Bhateja
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5125
| | - Jennifer L Raymond
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5125
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11
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Vlasova AD, Bukhalovich SM, Bagaeva DF, Polyakova AP, Ilyinsky NS, Nesterov SV, Tsybrov FM, Bogorodskiy AO, Zinovev EV, Mikhailov AE, Vlasov AV, Kuklin AI, Borshchevskiy VI, Bamberg E, Uversky VN, Gordeliy VI. Intracellular microbial rhodopsin-based optogenetics to control metabolism and cell signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3327-3349. [PMID: 38391026 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsin (MRs) ion channels and pumps have become invaluable optogenetic tools for neuroscience as well as biomedical applications. Recently, MR-optogenetics expanded towards subcellular organelles opening principally new opportunities in optogenetic control of intracellular metabolism and signaling via precise manipulations of organelle ion gradients using light. This new optogenetic field expands the opportunities for basic and medical studies of cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, providing more detailed and accurate control of cell physiology. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of the cellular metabolic processes and signaling mediated by optogenetic tools targeting mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and synaptic vesicles. Finally, we discuss perspectives of such an optogenetic approach in both fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D Vlasova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Siarhei M Bukhalovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Diana F Bagaeva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra P Polyakova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Fedor M Tsybrov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Andrey O Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Egor V Zinovev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anatolii E Mikhailov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexey V Vlasov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kuklin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Ernst Bamberg
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives-CNRS, 38027 Grenoble, France.
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12
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Atarashi N, Morishita M, Matsuda S. Activation of innate immune receptor TLR9 by mitochondrial DNA plays essential roles in the chemical long-term depression of hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105744. [PMID: 38354781 PMCID: PMC10943477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is believed to be the cellular basis for experience-dependent learning and memory. Although long-term depression (LTD), a form of synaptic plasticity, is caused by the activity-dependent reduction of cell surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPA receptors) at postsynaptic sites, its regulation by neuronal activity is not completely understood. In this study, we showed that the inhibition of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9), an innate immune receptor, suppresses N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced reduction of cell surface AMPA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. We found that inhibition of TLR9 also blocked NMDA-induced activation of caspase-3, which plays an essential role in the induction of LTD. siRNA-based knockdown of TLR9 also suppressed the NMDA-induced reduction of cell surface AMPA receptors, although the scrambled RNA had no effect on the NMDA-induced trafficking of AMPA receptors. Overexpression of the siRNA-resistant form of TLR9 rescued the AMPA receptor trafficking abolished by siRNA. Furthermore, NMDA stimulation induced rapid mitochondrial morphological changes, mitophagy, and the binding of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to TLR9. Treatment with dideoxycytidine and mitochondrial division inhibitor-1, which block mtDNA replication and mitophagy, respectively, inhibited NMDA-dependent AMPA receptor internalization. These results suggest that mitophagy induced by NMDA receptor activation releases mtDNA and activates TLR9, which plays an essential role in the trafficking of AMPA receptors during the induction of LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Atarashi
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Morishita
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (CNBE), The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Dewa KI, Arimura N, Kakegawa W, Itoh M, Adachi T, Miyashita S, Inoue YU, Hizawa K, Hori K, Honjoya N, Yagishita H, Taya S, Miyazaki T, Usui C, Tatsumoto S, Tsuzuki A, Uetake H, Sakai K, Yamakawa K, Sasaki T, Nagai J, Kawaguchi Y, Sone M, Inoue T, Go Y, Ichinohe N, Kaibuchi K, Watanabe M, Koizumi S, Yuzaki M, Hoshino M. Neuronal DSCAM regulates the peri-synaptic localization of GLAST in Bergmann glia for functional synapse formation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:458. [PMID: 38302444 PMCID: PMC10834496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, astrocytes enable appropriate synapse function through glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft; however, it remains unclear how astrocytic glutamate transporters function at peri-synaptic contact. Here, we report that Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) in Purkinje cells controls synapse formation and function in the developing cerebellum. Dscam-mutant mice show defects in CF synapse translocation as is observed in loss of function mutations in the astrocytic glutamate transporter GLAST expressed in Bergmann glia. These mice show impaired glutamate clearance and the delocalization of GLAST away from the cleft of parallel fibre (PF) synapse. GLAST complexes with the extracellular domain of DSCAM. Riluzole, as an activator of GLAST-mediated uptake, rescues the proximal impairment in CF synapse formation in Purkinje cell-selective Dscam-deficient mice. DSCAM is required for motor learning, but not gross motor coordination. In conclusion, the intercellular association of synaptic and astrocyte proteins is important for synapse formation and function in neural transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Dewa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
- Laboratory for Glia-Neuron Circuit Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nariko Arimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan.
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toma Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyashita
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yukiko U Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kento Hizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Kei Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Natsumi Honjoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Haruya Yagishita
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Taya
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Division of Behavioural Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chika Usui
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Tatsumoto
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Uetake
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Saitama, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Genetics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Jun Nagai
- Laboratory for Glia-Neuron Circuit Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Sone
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Saitama, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712-0805, USA
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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14
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Zheng R, Xu FX, Zhou L, Xu J, Shen Y, Hao K, Wang XT, Deng J. Ablation of KIF2C in Purkinje cells impairs metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking and motor coordination in male mice. J Physiol 2023; 601:3905-3920. [PMID: 37431690 DOI: 10.1113/jp284214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C)/mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), is thought to be oncogenic as it is involved in tumour progression and metastasis. Moreover, it also plays a part in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease and psychiatric disorders such as suicidal schizophrenia. Our previous study conducted on mice demonstrated that KIF2C is widely distributed in various regions of the brain, and is localized in synaptic spines. Additionally, it regulates microtubule dynamic properties through its own microtubule depolymerization activity, thereby affecting AMPA receptor transport and cognitive behaviour in mice. In this study, we show that KIF2C regulates the transport of mGlu1 receptors in Purkinje cells by binding to Rab8. KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells results in abnormal gait, reduced balance ability and motor incoordination in male mice. These data suggest that KIF2C is essential for maintaining normal transport and synaptic function of mGlu1 and motor coordination in mice. KEY POINTS: KIF2C is localized in synaptic spines of hippocampus neurons, and regulates excitatory transmission, synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviour. KIF2C is extensively expressed in the cerebellum, and we investigated its functions in development and synaptic transmission of cerebellar Purkinje cells. KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells alters the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) and the AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit at Purkinje cell synapses, and changes excitatory synaptic transmission, but not inhibitory transmission. KIF2C regulates the transport of mGlu1 receptors in Purkinje cells by binding to Rab8. KIF2C deficiency in Purkinje cells affects motor coordination, but not social behaviour in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Xu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Tai Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Deng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Zhang R, Jiang H, Liu Y, He G. Structure, function, and pathology of Neurexin-3. Genes Dis 2023; 10:1908-1919. [PMID: 37492720 PMCID: PMC10363586 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurexin-3 is primarily localized in the presynaptic membrane and forms complexes with various ligands located in the postsynaptic membrane. Neurexin-3 has important roles in synapse development and synapse functions. Neurexin-3 mediates excitatory presynaptic differentiation by interacting with leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins. Meanwhile, neurexin-3 modulates the expression of presynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors by interacting with neuroligins at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Numerous studies have documented the potential contribution of neurexin-3 to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, addiction behaviors, and other diseases, which raises hopes that understanding the mechanisms of neurexin-3 may hold the key to developing new strategies for related illnesses. This review comprehensively covers the literature to provide current knowledge of the structure, function, and clinical role of neurexin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - HanXiao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - YuanJie Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - GuiQiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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16
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Majumder S, Hirokawa K, Yang Z, Paletzki R, Gerfen CR, Fontolan L, Romani S, Jain A, Yasuda R, Inagaki HK. Cell-type-specific plasticity shapes neocortical dynamics for motor learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552699. [PMID: 37609277 PMCID: PMC10441538 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Neocortical spiking dynamics control aspects of behavior, yet how these dynamics emerge during motor learning remains elusive. Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is likely a key mechanism, as it reconfigures network architectures that govern neural dynamics. Here, we examined how the mouse premotor cortex acquires its well-characterized neural dynamics that control movement timing, specifically lick timing. To probe the role of synaptic plasticity, we have genetically manipulated proteins essential for major forms of synaptic plasticity, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and Cofilin, in a region and cell-type-specific manner. Transient inactivation of CaMKII in the premotor cortex blocked learning of new lick timing without affecting the execution of learned action or ongoing spiking activity. Furthermore, among the major glutamatergic neurons in the premotor cortex, CaMKII and Cofilin activity in pyramidal tract (PT) neurons, but not intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, is necessary for learning. High-density electrophysiology in the premotor cortex uncovered that neural dynamics anticipating licks are progressively shaped during learning, which explains the change in lick timing. Such reconfiguration in behaviorally relevant dynamics is impeded by CaMKII manipulation in PT neurons. Altogether, the activity of plasticity-related proteins in PT neurons plays a central role in sculpting neocortical dynamics to learn new behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouvik Majumder
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Koichi Hirokawa
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Zidan Yang
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ronald Paletzki
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Fontolan
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix- Marseille University, INSERM, INMED U1249, Marseille, France
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Ashburn VA 20147, USA
| | - Sandro Romani
- Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Ashburn VA 20147, USA
| | - Anant Jain
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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17
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Nagasawa Y, Ueda HH, Kawabata H, Murakoshi H. LOV2-based photoactivatable CaMKII and its application to single synapses: Local Optogenetics. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 20:e200027. [PMID: 38496236 PMCID: PMC10941968 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic techniques offer a high spatiotemporal resolution to manipulate cellular activity. For instance, Channelrhodopsin-2 with global light illumination is the most widely used to control neuronal activity at the cellular level. However, the cellular scale is much larger than the diffraction limit of light (<1 μm) and does not fully exploit the features of the "high spatial resolution" of optogenetics. For instance, until recently, there were no optogenetic methods to induce synaptic plasticity at the level of single synapses. To address this, we developed an optogenetic tool named photoactivatable CaMKII (paCaMKII) by fusing a light-sensitive domain (LOV2) to CaMKIIα, which is a protein abundantly expressed in neurons of the cerebrum and hippocampus and essential for synaptic plasticity. Combining photoactivatable CaMKII with two-photon excitation, we successfully activated it in single spines, inducing synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation) in hippocampal neurons. We refer to this method as "Local Optogenetics", which involves the local activation of molecules and measurement of cellular responses. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of LOV2, the recent development of its derivatives, and the development and application of paCaMKII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Nagasawa
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi H Ueda
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Haruka Kawabata
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hideji Murakoshi
- Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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18
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Kim CM, Finkelstein A, Chow CC, Svoboda K, Darshan R. Distributing task-related neural activity across a cortical network through task-independent connections. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2851. [PMID: 37202424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Task-related neural activity is widespread across populations of neurons during goal-directed behaviors. However, little is known about the synaptic reorganization and circuit mechanisms that lead to broad activity changes. Here we trained a subset of neurons in a spiking network with strong synaptic interactions to reproduce the activity of neurons in the motor cortex during a decision-making task. Task-related activity, resembling the neural data, emerged across the network, even in the untrained neurons. Analysis of trained networks showed that strong untrained synapses, which were independent of the task and determined the dynamical state of the network, mediated the spread of task-related activity. Optogenetic perturbations suggest that the motor cortex is strongly-coupled, supporting the applicability of the mechanism to cortical networks. Our results reveal a cortical mechanism that facilitates distributed representations of task-variables by spreading the activity from a subset of plastic neurons to the entire network through task-independent strong synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Kim
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Arseny Finkelstein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carson C Chow
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ran Darshan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
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19
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Cyclin Y regulates spatial learning and memory flexibility through distinct control of the actin pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1351-1364. [PMID: 36434054 PMCID: PMC10005959 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spatial learning and memory flexibility are known to require long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), respectively, on a cellular basis. We previously showed that cyclin Y (CCNY), a synapse-remodeling cyclin, is a novel actin-binding protein and an inhibitory regulator of functional and structural LTP in vitro. In this study, we report that Ccny knockout (KO) mice exhibit enhanced LTP and weak LTD at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus. In accordance with enhanced LTP, Ccny KO mice showed improved spatial learning and memory. However, although previous studies reported that normal LTD is necessary for memory flexibility, Ccny KO mice intriguingly showed improved memory flexibility, suggesting that weak LTD could exert memory flexibility when combined with enhanced LTP. At the molecular level, CCNY modulated spatial learning and memory flexibility by distinctively affecting the cofilin-actin signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Specifically, CCNY inhibited cofilin activation by original learning, but reversed such inhibition by reversal learning. Furthermore, viral-mediated overexpression of a phosphomimetic cofilin-S3E in hippocampal CA1 regions enhanced LTP, weakened LTD, and improved spatial learning and memory flexibility, thus mirroring the phenotype of Ccny KO mice. In contrast, the overexpression of a non-phosphorylatable cofilin-S3A in hippocampal CA1 regions of Ccny KO mice reversed the synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and memory flexibility phenotypes observed in Ccny KO mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that LTP and LTD cooperatively regulate memory flexibility. Moreover, CCNY suppresses LTP while facilitating LTD in the hippocampus and negatively regulates spatial learning and memory flexibility through the control of cofilin-actin signaling, proposing CCNY as a learning regulator modulating both memorizing and forgetting processes.
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20
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Surdin T, Preissing B, Rohr L, Grömmke M, Böke H, Barcik M, Azimi Z, Jancke D, Herlitze S, Mark MD, Siveke I. Optogenetic activation of mGluR1 signaling in the cerebellum induces synaptic plasticity. iScience 2022; 26:105828. [PMID: 36632066 PMCID: PMC9826949 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal plasticity underlying cerebellar learning behavior is strongly associated with type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) signaling. Activation of mGluR1 leads to activation of the Gq/11 pathway, which is involved in inducing synaptic plasticity at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse (PF-PC) in form of long-term depression (LTD). To optogenetically modulate mGluR1 signaling we fused mouse melanopsin (OPN4) that activates the Gq/11 pathway to the C-termini of mGluR1 splice variants (OPN4-mGluR1a and OPN4-mGluR1b). Activation of both OPN4-mGluR1 variants showed robust Ca2+ increase in HEK cells and PCs of cerebellar slices. We provide the prove-of-concept approach to modulate synaptic plasticity via optogenetic activation of OPN4-mGluR1a inducing LTD at the PF-PC synapse in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that light activation of mGluR1a signaling pathway by OPN4-mGluR1a in PCs leads to an increase in intrinsic activity of PCs in vivo and improved cerebellum driven learning behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Surdin
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bianca Preissing
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lennard Rohr
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michelle Grömmke
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hanna Böke
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maike Barcik
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, University Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Zohre Azimi
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Jancke
- Optical Imaging Group, Institut für Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Melanie D. Mark
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ida Siveke
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany,Corresponding author
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21
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Lamanna J, Ferro M, Spadini S, Malgaroli A. Exploiting the molecular diversity of the synapse to investigate neuronal communication: A guide through the current toolkit. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:6141-6161. [PMID: 36239030 PMCID: PMC10100385 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synapses are tiny and overcrowded environments, deeply embedded inside brain tissue and enriched with thousands of protein species. Many efforts have been devoted to developing custom approaches for evaluating and modifying synaptic activity. Most of these methods are based on the engineering of one or more synaptic protein scaffolds used to target active moieties to the synaptic compartment or to manipulate synaptic functioning. In this review, we summarize the most recent methodological advances and provide a description of the involved proteins as well as the operation principle. Furthermore, we highlight their advantages and limitations in relation to studies of synaptic transmission in vitro and in vivo. Concerning the labelling methods, the most important challenge is how to extend the available approaches to the in vivo setting. On the other hand, for those methods that allow manipulation of synaptic function, this limit has been overcome using optogenetic approaches that can be more easily applied to the living brain. Finally, future applications of these methods to neuroscience, as well as new potential routes for development, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lamanna
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Ferro
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Spadini
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Malgaroli
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Communication (BNC), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Turro, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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22
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Morizawa YM, Matsumoto M, Nakashima Y, Endo N, Aida T, Ishikane H, Beppu K, Moritoh S, Inada H, Osumi N, Shigetomi E, Koizumi S, Yang G, Hirai H, Tanaka K, Tanaka KF, Ohno N, Fukazawa Y, Matsui K. Synaptic pruning through glial synapse engulfment upon motor learning. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1458-1469. [PMID: 36319770 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic pruning is a fundamental process of neuronal circuit refinement in learning and memory. Accumulating evidence suggests that glia participates in sculpting the neuronal circuits through synapse engulfment. However, whether glial involvement in synaptic pruning has a role in memory formation remains elusive. Using newly developed phagocytosis reporter mice and three-dimensional ultrastructural characterization, we found that synaptic engulfment by cerebellar Bergmann glia (BG) frequently occurred upon cerebellum-dependent motor learning in mice. We observed increases in pre- and postsynaptic nibbling by BG along with a reduction in spine volume after learning. Pharmacological blockade of engulfment with Annexin V inhibited both the spine volume reduction and overnight improvement of motor adaptation. These results indicate that BG contribute to the refinement of the mature cerebellar cortical circuit through synaptic engulfment during motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke M Morizawa
- Super-network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakashima
- Super-network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Narumi Endo
- Super-network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Aida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikane
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Beppu
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Moritoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inada
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Life Science Innovation Center, School of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ko Matsui
- Super-network Brain Physiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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23
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Ojima K, Kakegawa W, Yamasaki T, Miura Y, Itoh M, Michibata Y, Kubota R, Doura T, Miura E, Nonaka H, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Yuzaki M, Hamachi I, Kiyonaka S. Coordination chemogenetics for activation of GPCR-type glutamate receptors in brain tissue. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3167. [PMID: 35710788 PMCID: PMC9203742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct activation of cell-surface receptors is highly desirable for elucidating their physiological roles. A potential approach for cell-type-specific activation of a receptor subtype is chemogenetics, in which both point mutagenesis of the receptors and designed ligands are used. However, ligand-binding properties are affected in most cases. Here, we developed a chemogenetic method for direct activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1), which plays essential roles in cerebellar functions in the brain. Our screening identified a mGlu1 mutant, mGlu1(N264H), that was activated directly by palladium complexes. A palladium complex showing low cytotoxicity successfully activated mGlu1 in mGlu1(N264H) knock-in mice, revealing that activation of endogenous mGlu1 is sufficient to evoke the critical cellular mechanism of synaptic plasticity, a basis of motor learning in the cerebellum. Moreover, cell-type-specific activation of mGlu1 was demonstrated successfully using adeno-associated viruses in mice, which shows the potential utility of this chemogenetics for clarifying the physiological roles of mGlu1 in a cell-type-specific manner. Cell-type-specific activation of receptors is desirable for elucidating their roles in tissues or animals. Here, the authors developed a chemogenetic method for direct activation of mGlu1, a GPCR-type glutamate receptor subtype, and demonstrate its use in mouse brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ojima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Miura
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Michibata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Doura
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eriko Miura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Kiyonaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan. .,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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24
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Nakao S, Kojima K, Sudo Y. Microbial Rhodopsins as Multi-functional Photoreactive Membrane Proteins for Optogenetics. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1357-1363. [PMID: 34602542 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In life science research, methods to control biological activities with stimuli such as light, heat, pressure and chemicals have been widely utilized to understand their molecular mechanisms. The knowledge obtained by those methods has built a basis for the development of medicinal products. Among those various stimuli, light has the advantage of a high spatiotemporal resolution that allows for the precise control of biological activities. Photoactive membrane protein rhodopsins from microorganisms (called microbial rhodopsins) absorb visible light and that light absorption triggers the trans-cis photoisomerization of the chromophore retinal, leading to various functions such as ion pumps, ion channels, transcriptional regulators and enzymes. In addition to their biological significance, microbial rhodopsins are widely utilized as fundamental molecular tools for optogenetics, a method to control biological activities by light. In this review, we briefly introduce the molecular basis of representative rhodopsin molecules and their applications for optogenetics. Based on those examples, we discuss the high potential of rhodopsin-based optogenetics tools for basic and clinical research in pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nakao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Keiichi Kojima
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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25
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NMDARs in granule cells contribute to parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic plasticity and motor learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102635118. [PMID: 34507990 PMCID: PMC8449340 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102635118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term synaptic plasticity is believed to be the cellular substrate of learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity rules are defined by the specific complement of receptors at the synapse and the associated downstream signaling mechanisms. In young rodents, at the cerebellar synapse between granule cells (GC) and Purkinje cells (PC), bidirectional plasticity is shaped by the balance between transcellular nitric oxide (NO) driven by presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation and postsynaptic calcium dynamics. However, the role and the location of NMDAR activation in these pathways is still debated in mature animals. Here, we show in adult rodents that NMDARs are present and functional in presynaptic terminals where their activation triggers NO signaling. In addition, we find that selective genetic deletion of presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, NMDARs prevents synaptic plasticity at parallel fiber-PC (PF-PC) synapses. Consistent with this finding, the selective deletion of GC NMDARs affects adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Thus, NMDARs presynaptic to PCs are required for bidirectional synaptic plasticity and cerebellar motor learning.
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26
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Neural basis for estrous cycle-dependent control of female behaviors. Neurosci Res 2021; 176:1-8. [PMID: 34331974 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Females display changes in distinct behaviors along the estrous cycle. Levels of circulating ovarian sex steroid hormones peak around ovulation, which occur around estrus phase of the cycle. This increase of sex hormones is thought to be important for changes in behaviors, however, neural circuit mechanisms of periodic behavioral changes in females are not understood well. Different lines of research indicate sex hormonal effects on several forms of neuronal plasticity. This review provides an overview of behavioral and plastic changes that occur in an estrous cycle-dependent manner and explores the current research linking these changes to understand neural circuit mechanisms that control female behaviors.
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27
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Mitoma H, Kakei S, Yamaguchi K, Manto M. Physiology of Cerebellar Reserve: Redundancy and Plasticity of a Modular Machine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4777. [PMID: 33946358 PMCID: PMC8124536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is endowed with the capacity for compensation and restoration after pathological injury, a property known as cerebellar reserve. Such capacity is attributed to two unique morphological and physiological features of the cerebellum. First, mossy fibers that convey peripheral and central information run mediolaterally over a wide area of the cerebellum, resulting in the innervation of multiple microzones, commonly known as cerebellar functional units. Thus, a single microzone receives redundant information that can be used in pathological conditions. Secondly, the circuitry is characterized by a co-operative interplay among various forms of synaptic plasticity. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of redundant information and synaptic plasticity has allowed outlining therapeutic strategies potentiating these neural substrates to enhance the cerebellar reserve, taking advantage of the unique physiological properties of the cerebellum which appears as a modular and potentially reconfiguring brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shinji Kakei
- Laboratory for Movement Disorders, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan;
| | - Mario Manto
- Unité des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium;
- Service des Neurosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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28
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Bonnan A, Rowan MMJ, Baker CA, Bolton MM, Christie JM. Autonomous Purkinje cell activation instructs bidirectional motor learning through evoked dendritic calcium signaling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2153. [PMID: 33846328 PMCID: PMC8042043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The signals in cerebellar Purkinje cells sufficient to instruct motor learning have not been systematically determined. Therefore, we applied optogenetics in mice to autonomously excite Purkinje cells and measured the effect of this activity on plasticity induction and adaptive behavior. Ex vivo, excitation of channelrhodopsin-2-expressing Purkinje cells elicits dendritic Ca2+ transients with high-intensity stimuli initiating dendritic spiking that additionally contributes to the Ca2+ response. Channelrhodopsin-2-evoked Ca2+ transients potentiate co-active parallel fiber synapses; depression occurs when Ca2+ responses were enhanced by dendritic spiking. In vivo, optogenetic Purkinje cell activation drives an adaptive decrease in vestibulo-ocular reflex gain when vestibular stimuli are paired with relatively small-magnitude Purkinje cell Ca2+ responses. In contrast, pairing with large-magnitude Ca2+ responses increases vestibulo-ocular reflex gain. Optogenetically induced plasticity and motor adaptation are dependent on endocannabinoid signaling, indicating engagement of this pathway downstream of Purkinje cell Ca2+ elevation. Our results establish a causal relationship among Purkinje cell Ca2+ signal size, opposite-polarity plasticity induction, and bidirectional motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bonnan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Matthew M J Rowan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - M McLean Bolton
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jason M Christie
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA.
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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29
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Kawamura A, Katayama Y, Kakegawa W, Ino D, Nishiyama M, Yuzaki M, Nakayama KI. The autism-associated protein CHD8 is required for cerebellar development and motor function. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108932. [PMID: 33826902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the chromatin remodeler chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) are a highly penetrant risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although cerebellar abnormalities have long been thought to be related to ASD pathogenesis, it has remained largely unknown whether dysfunction of CHD8 in the cerebellum contributes to ASD phenotypes. We here show that cerebellar granule neuron progenitor (GNP)-specific deletion of Chd8 in mice impairs the proliferation and differentiation of these cells as well as gives rise to cerebellar hypoplasia and a motor coordination defect, but not to ASD-like behavioral abnormalities. CHD8 is found to regulate the expression of neuronal genes in GNPs. It also binds preferentially to promoter regions and modulates local chromatin accessibility of transcriptionally active genes in these cells. Our results have thus uncovered a key role for CHD8 in cerebellar development, with important implications for understanding the contribution of this brain region to ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Kawamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ino
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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30
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González-Calvo I, Iyer K, Carquin M, Khayachi A, Giuliani FA, Sigoillot SM, Vincent J, Séveno M, Veleanu M, Tahraoui S, Albert M, Vigy O, Bosso-Lefèvre C, Nadjar Y, Dumoulin A, Triller A, Bessereau JL, Rondi-Reig L, Isope P, Selimi F. Sushi domain-containing protein 4 controls synaptic plasticity and motor learning. eLife 2021; 10:65712. [PMID: 33661101 PMCID: PMC7972451 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine control of protein stoichiometry at synapses underlies brain function and plasticity. How proteostasis is controlled independently for each type of synaptic protein in a synapse-specific and activity-dependent manner remains unclear. Here, we show that Susd4, a gene coding for a complement-related transmembrane protein, is expressed by many neuronal populations starting at the time of synapse formation. Constitutive loss-of-function of Susd4 in the mouse impairs motor coordination adaptation and learning, prevents long-term depression at cerebellar synapses, and leads to misregulation of activity-dependent AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 degradation. We identified several proteins with known roles in the regulation of AMPA receptor turnover, in particular ubiquitin ligases of the NEDD4 subfamily, as SUSD4 binding partners. Our findings shed light on the potential role of SUSD4 mutations in neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González-Calvo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Keerthana Iyer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Carquin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anouar Khayachi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fernando A Giuliani
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Séverine M Sigoillot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean Vincent
- Institut Biology Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), CeZaMe, CNRS, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Martial Séveno
- BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Veleanu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sylvana Tahraoui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Albert
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Oana Vigy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Célia Bosso-Lefèvre
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nadjar
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Andréa Dumoulin
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Triller
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bessereau
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U 1217, Institut Neuromyogène, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Rondi-Reig
- Institut Biology Paris Seine (IBPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), CeZaMe, CNRS, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Isope
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fekrije Selimi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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31
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Photoactivatable CaMKII induces synaptic plasticity in single synapses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:751. [PMID: 33531495 PMCID: PMC7854602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic approaches for studying neuronal functions have proven their utility in the neurosciences. However, optogenetic tools capable of inducing synaptic plasticity at the level of single synapses have been lacking. Here, we engineered a photoactivatable (pa)CaMKII by fusing a light-sensitive domain, LOV2, to CaMKIIα. Blue light or two-photon excitation reversibly activated paCaMKII. Activation in single spines was sufficient to induce structural long-term potentiation (sLTP) in vitro and in vivo. paCaMKII activation was also sufficient for the recruitment of AMPA receptors and functional LTP in single spines. By combining paCaMKII with protein activity imaging by 2-photon FLIM-FRET, we demonstrate that paCaMKII activation in clustered spines induces robust sLTP via a mechanism that involves the actin-regulatory small GTPase, Cdc42. This optogenetic tool for dissecting the function of CaMKII activation (i.e., the sufficiency of CaMKII rather than necessity) and for manipulating synaptic plasticity will find many applications in neuroscience and other fields. Optogenetic control of molecules is important in cell biology and neuroscience. Here, the authors describe an optogenetic tool to control the Ca²+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and use it to control plasticity at the single synapse level.
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32
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Mitoma H, Honnorat J, Yamaguchi K, Manto M. Cerebellar long-term depression and auto-immune target of auto-antibodies: the concept of LTDpathies. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:2. [PMID: 35006439 PMCID: PMC8607360 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is general agreement that auto-antibodies against ion channels and synaptic machinery proteins can induce limbic encephalitis. In immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs), various synaptic proteins, such as GAD65, voltage-gated Ca channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluR delta) are auto-immune targets. Among them, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and anti-GluR delta antibodies remain unclear. Despite divergent auto-immune and clinical profiles, these subtypes show common clinical features of good prognosis with no or mild cerebellar atrophy in non-paraneoplastic syndrome. The favorable prognosis reflects functional cerebellar disorders without neuronal death. Interestingly, these autoantigens are all involved in molecular cascades for induction of long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmissions between parallel fibers (PFs) and Purkinje cells (PCs), a crucial mechanism of synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum. We suggest that anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and anti-GluR delta Abs-associated cerebellar ataxias share one common pathophysiological mechanism: a deregulation in PF-PC LTD, which results in impairment of restoration or maintenance of the internal model and triggers cerebellar ataxias. The novel concept of LTDpathies could lead to improvements in clinical management and treatment of cerebellar patients who show these antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jerome Honnorat
- French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, 69677, Bron, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Kazuhiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Manto
- Unité des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium.,Service des Neurosciences, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
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33
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Kandori H. History and Perspectives of Ion-Transporting Rhodopsins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1293:3-19. [PMID: 33398804 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first light-sensing proteins used in optogenetics were rhodopsins. The word "rhodopsin" originates from the Greek words "rhodo" and "opsis," indicating rose and sight, respectively. Although the classical meaning of rhodopsin is the red-colored pigment in our eyes, the modern meaning of rhodopsin encompasses photoactive proteins containing a retinal chromophore in animals and microbes. Animal and microbial rhodopsins possess 11-cis and all-trans retinal, respectively, to capture light in seven transmembrane α-helices, and photoisomerizations into all-trans and 13-cis forms, respectively, initiate each function. We are able to find ion-transporting proteins in microbial rhodopsins, such as light-gated channels and light-driven pumps, which are the main tools in optogenetics. In this chapter, historical aspects and molecular properties of rhodopsins are introduced. In the first part, "what is rhodopsin?", general introduction of rhodopsin is presented. Then, molecular mechanism of bacteriorodopsin, a light-driven proton pump and the best-studied microbial rhodopsin, is described. In the section of channelrhodopsin, the light-gated ion channel, molecular properties, and several variants are introduced. As the history has proven, understanding the molecular mechanism of microbial rhodopsins is a prerequisite for useful functional design of optogenetics tools in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry & OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.
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34
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Haley MS, Bruno S, Fontanini A, Maffei A. LTD at amygdalocortical synapses as a novel mechanism for hedonic learning. eLife 2020; 9:e55175. [PMID: 33169666 PMCID: PMC7655100 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel, pleasant taste stimulus becomes aversive if associated with gastric malaise, a form of learning known as conditioned taste aversion (CTA). CTA is common to vertebrates and invertebrates and is an important survival response: eating the wrong food may be deadly. CTA depends on the gustatory portion of the insular cortex (GC) and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) however, its synaptic underpinnings are unknown. Here we report that CTA was associated with decreased expression of immediate early genes in rat GC of both sexes, and with reduced amplitude of BLA-GC synaptic responses, pointing to long-term depression (LTD) as a mechanism for learning. Indeed, association of a novel tastant with induction of LTD at the BLA-GC input in vivo was sufficient to change the hedonic value of a taste stimulus. Our results demonstrate a direct role for amygdalocortical LTD in taste aversion learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Haley
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY – Stony BrookStony BrookUnited States
| | - Stephen Bruno
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY – Stony BrookStony BrookUnited States
| | - Alfredo Fontanini
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY – Stony BrookStony BrookUnited States
| | - Arianna Maffei
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY – Stony BrookStony BrookUnited States
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35
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Gobbo F, Cattaneo A. Neuronal Activity at Synapse Resolution: Reporters and Effectors for Synaptic Neuroscience. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:572312. [PMID: 33192296 PMCID: PMC7609880 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.572312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of methods for the activity-dependent tagging of neurons enabled a new way to tackle the problem of engram identification at the cellular level, giving rise to groundbreaking findings in the field of memory studies. However, the resolution of activity-dependent tagging remains limited to the whole-cell level. Notably, events taking place at the synapse level play a critical role in the establishment of new memories, and strong experimental evidence shows that learning and synaptic plasticity are tightly linked. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the currently available techniques that enable to identify and track the neuronal activity with synaptic spatial resolution. We also present recent technologies that allow to selectively interfere with specific subsets of synapses. Lastly, we discuss how these technologies can be applied to the study of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gobbo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
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36
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Optical interrogation of multi-scale neuronal plasticity underlying behavioral learning. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 67:8-15. [PMID: 32768886 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral learning is driven by adaptive changes in the activation of behaviorally relevant neuronal ensembles. This learning-specific reorganization of neuronal circuits is correlated with activity-dependent modifications of synaptic dynamics. However, a definitive causal link remains to be established. How is synaptic plasticity distributed among circuits to eventually shape behavioral learning? A multi-scale understanding of the progressive plasticity is hindered by the lack of techniques for monitoring and manipulating these events. The current rise of synaptic optogenetics, especially combined with brain-wide circuit imaging, opens an entirely new avenue for studying causality at multiple scales. In this review, we summarize these technical achievements and discuss challenges in linking the plasticity across levels to elucidate the multi-scale mechanisms of learning.
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37
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AMPA receptor nanoscale dynamic organization and synaptic plasticities. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 63:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Nagao S. Ocular Reflex Adaptation as an Experimental Model of Cerebellar Learning -- In Memory of Masao Ito -. Neuroscience 2020; 462:191-204. [PMID: 32710914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Masao Ito proposed a cerebellar learning hypothesis with Marr and Albus in the early 1970s. He suggested that cerebellar flocculus (FL) Purkinje cells (PCs), which directly inhibit the vestibular nuclear neurons driving extraocular muscle motor neurons, adaptively control the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (HVOR) through the modification of mossy and parallel fiber-mediated vestibular responsiveness by visual climbing fiber (CF) inputs. Later, it was suggested that the same FL PCs adaptively control the horizontal optokinetic response (HOKR) in the same manner through the modification of optokinetic responsiveness in rodents and rabbits. In 1982, Ito and his colleagues discovered the plasticity of long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber (PF)-PC synapses after conjunctive stimulation of mossy or parallel fibers with CFs. Long-term potentiation (LTP) at PF-PC synapses by weak PF stimulation alone was found later. Many lines of experimental evidence have supported their hypothesis using various experimental methods and materials for the past 50 years by many research groups. Although several controversial findings were presented regarding their hypothesis, the reasons underlying many of them were clarified. Today, their hypothesis is considered as a fundamental mechanism of cerebellar learning. Furthermore, it was found that the memory of adaptation is transferred from the FL to vestibular nuclei for consolidation by repetition of adaptation through the plasticity of vestibular nuclear neurons. In this article, after overviewing their cerebellar learning hypothesis, I discuss possible roles of LTD and LTP in gain-up and gain-down HVOR/HOKR adaptations and refer to the expansion of their hypothesis to cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Nagao
- Laboratory for Integrative Brain Function, Nozomi Hospital, Komuro 3170, Ina, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan; Laboratory for Memory Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolotan Institute for Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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39
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Fundamental Mechanisms of Autoantibody-Induced Impairments on Ion Channels and Synapses in Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144936. [PMID: 32668612 PMCID: PMC7404345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, different kinds of limbic encephalitis associated with autoantibodies against ion channels and synaptic receptors have been described. Many studies have demonstrated that such autoantibodies induce channel or receptor dysfunction. The same mechanism is discussed in immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs), but the pathogenesis has been less investigated. The aim of the present review is to evaluate what kind of cerebellar ion channels, their related proteins, and the synaptic machinery proteins that are preferably impaired by autoantibodies so as to develop cerebellar ataxias (CAs). The cerebellum predictively coordinates motor and cognitive functions through a continuous update of an internal model. These controls are relayed by cerebellum-specific functions such as precise neuronal discharges with potassium channels, synaptic plasticity through calcium signaling pathways coupled with voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) and metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 (mGluR1), a synaptic organization with glutamate receptor delta (GluRδ), and output signal formation through chained GABAergic neurons. Consistently, the association of CAs with anti-potassium channel-related proteins, anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and GluRδ, and anti-glutamate decarboxylase 65 antibodies is observed in IMCAs. Despite ample distributions of AMPA and GABA receptors, however, CAs are rare in conditions with autoantibodies against these receptors. Notably, when the autoantibodies impair synaptic transmission, the autoimmune targets are commonly classified into three categories: release machinery proteins, synaptic adhesion molecules, and receptors. This physiopathological categorization impacts on both our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical prognosis.
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Zhang H, Bramham CR. Bidirectional Dysregulation of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Brain Disorders. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:26. [PMID: 32754026 PMCID: PMC7366028 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels that mediate the majority of fast excitatory synaptic transmission throughout the brain. Changes in the properties and postsynaptic abundance of AMPARs are pivotal mechanisms in synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission. A wide range of neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, despite their extremely diverse etiology, pathogenesis and symptoms, exhibit brain region-specific and AMPAR subunit-specific aberrations in synaptic transmission or plasticity. These include abnormally enhanced or reduced AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission or plasticity. Bidirectional reversal of these changes by targeting AMPAR subunits or trafficking ameliorates drug-seeking behavior, chronic pain, epileptic seizures, or cognitive deficits. This indicates that bidirectional dysregulation of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission or plasticity may contribute to the expression of many brain disorders and therefore serve as a therapeutic target. Here, we provide a synopsis of bidirectional AMPAR dysregulation in animal models of brain disorders and review the preclinical evidence on the therapeutic targeting of AMPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Translation information processing is regulated by protein kinase C-dependent mechanism in Purkinje cells in murine posterior vermis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17348-17358. [PMID: 32636261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002177117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellar posterior vermis generates an estimation of our motion (translation) and orientation (tilt) in space using cues originating from semicircular canals and otolith organs. Theoretical work has laid out the basic computations necessary for this signal transformation, but details on the cellular loci and mechanisms responsible are lacking. Using a multicomponent modeling approach, we show that canal and otolith information are spatially and temporally matched in mouse posterior vermis Purkinje cells and that Purkinje cell responses combine translation and tilt information. Purkinje cell-specific inhibition of protein kinase C decreased and phase-shifted the translation component of Purkinje cell responses, but did not affect the tilt component. Our findings suggest that translation and tilt signals reach Purkinje cells via separate information pathways and that protein kinase C-dependent mechanisms regulate translation information processing in cerebellar cortex output neurons.
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Kawato M, Ohmae S, Hoang H, Sanger T. 50 Years Since the Marr, Ito, and Albus Models of the Cerebellum. Neuroscience 2020; 462:151-174. [PMID: 32599123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fifty years have passed since David Marr, Masao Ito, and James Albus proposed seminal models of cerebellar functions. These models share the essential concept that parallel-fiber-Purkinje-cell synapses undergo plastic changes, guided by climbing-fiber activities during sensorimotor learning. However, they differ in several important respects, including holistic versus complementary roles of the cerebellum, pattern recognition versus control as computational objectives, potentiation versus depression of synaptic plasticity, teaching signals versus error signals transmitted by climbing-fibers, sparse expansion coding by granule cells, and cerebellar internal models. In this review, we evaluate different features of the three models based on recent computational and experimental studies. While acknowledging that the three models have greatly advanced our understanding of cerebellar control mechanisms in eye movements and classical conditioning, we propose a new direction for computational frameworks of the cerebellum, that is, hierarchical reinforcement learning with multiple internal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kawato
- Brain Information Communication Research Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2, "Keihanna Science City", Kyoto 619-0288, Japan; Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), RIKEN, Nihonbashi Mitsui Building, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan.
| | - Shogo Ohmae
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huu Hoang
- Brain Information Communication Research Group, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institutes International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2, "Keihanna Science City", Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Terry Sanger
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 4207 Engineering Hall, Irvine CA 92697-2625, USA; Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W La Veta Ave, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Moreno A. Molecular mechanisms of forgetting. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:6912-6932. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moreno
- Danish Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
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44
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Jang DC, Shim HG, Kim SJ. Intrinsic Plasticity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Contributes to Motor Memory Consolidation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4145-4157. [PMID: 32295816 PMCID: PMC7244189 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1651-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic plasticity of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) has recently been demonstrated in cerebellar local circuits; however, its physiological impact on cerebellar learning and memory remains elusive. Here, we suggest that intrinsic plasticity of PCs is tightly involved in motor memory consolidation based on findings from PC-specific STIM1 knockout male mice, which show severe memory consolidation deficiency in vestibulo-ocular reflex memory. Gain-up training of the vestibulo-ocular reflex produced a decrease in the synaptic weight of PCs in both the WT and KO groups. However, intrinsic plasticity was impaired only in the knockout mice. Furthermore, the observed defects in the intrinsic plasticity of PCs led to the formation of aberrant neural plasticity in the vestibular nucleus neurons. Our results suggest that synergistic modulation of intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in PCs is required for the changes in downstream plasticity in the vestibular nucleus, and thereby contributing to the long-term storage of motor memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic plasticity is a well-known mechanism for learning and memory. Although plasticity of excitability, intrinsic plasticity, of the cerebellar Purkinje cell has been reported in both directions (potentiation and depression), the physiological role of intrinsic plasticity still remains ambiguous. In this study, we suggest that both synaptic and intrinsic plasticity are required for successful memory consolidation in cerebellar eye movement learning. Despite successful induction and maintenance of synaptic plasticity, we found deficits of memory consolidation when there were defects in intrinsic plasticity. Our results suggest that intrinsic plasticity of cerebellar Purkinje cell has a significant role in motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheol Jang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826
- Department of Physiology
| | - Hyun Geun Shim
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 03080
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Cheyne JE, Montgomery JM. The cellular and molecular basis of in vivo synaptic plasticity in rodents. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1264-C1283. [PMID: 32320288 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00416.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity within the neuronal networks of the brain underlies the ability to learn and retain new information. The initial discovery of synaptic plasticity occurred by measuring synaptic strength in vivo, applying external stimulation and observing an increase in synaptic strength termed long-term potentiation (LTP). Many of the molecular pathways involved in LTP and other forms of synaptic plasticity were subsequently uncovered in vitro. Over the last few decades, technological advances in recording and imaging in live animals have seen many of these molecular mechanisms confirmed in vivo, including structural changes both pre- and postsynaptically, changes in synaptic strength, and changes in neuronal excitability. A well-studied aspect of neuronal plasticity is the capacity of the brain to adapt to its environment, gained by comparing the brains of deprived and experienced animals in vivo, and in direct response to sensory stimuli. Multiple in vivo studies have also strongly linked plastic changes to memory by interfering with the expression of plasticity and by manipulating memory engrams. Plasticity in vivo also occurs in the absence of any form of external stimulation, i.e., during spontaneous network activity occurring with brain development. However, there is still much to learn about how plasticity is induced during natural learning and how this is altered in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette E Cheyne
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Luo L, Ambrozkiewicz MC, Benseler F, Chen C, Dumontier E, Falkner S, Furlanis E, Gomez AM, Hoshina N, Huang WH, Hutchison MA, Itoh-Maruoka Y, Lavery LA, Li W, Maruo T, Motohashi J, Pai ELL, Pelkey KA, Pereira A, Philips T, Sinclair JL, Stogsdill JA, Traunmüller L, Wang J, Wortel J, You W, Abumaria N, Beier KT, Brose N, Burgess HA, Cepko CL, Cloutier JF, Eroglu C, Goebbels S, Kaeser PS, Kay JN, Lu W, Luo L, Mandai K, McBain CJ, Nave KA, Prado MA, Prado VF, Rothstein J, Rubenstein JL, Saher G, Sakimura K, Sanes JR, Scheiffele P, Takai Y, Umemori H, Verhage M, Yuzaki M, Zoghbi HY, Kawabe H, Craig AM. Optimizing Nervous System-Specific Gene Targeting with Cre Driver Lines: Prevalence of Germline Recombination and Influencing Factors. Neuron 2020; 106:37-65.e5. [PMID: 32027825 PMCID: PMC7377387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cre-loxP system is invaluable for spatial and temporal control of gene knockout, knockin, and reporter expression in the mouse nervous system. However, we report varying probabilities of unexpected germline recombination in distinct Cre driver lines designed for nervous system-specific recombination. Selective maternal or paternal germline recombination is showcased with sample Cre lines. Collated data reveal germline recombination in over half of 64 commonly used Cre driver lines, in most cases with a parental sex bias related to Cre expression in sperm or oocytes. Slight differences among Cre driver lines utilizing common transcriptional control elements affect germline recombination rates. Specific target loci demonstrated differential recombination; thus, reporters are not reliable proxies for another locus of interest. Similar principles apply to other recombinase systems and other genetically targeted organisms. We hereby draw attention to the prevalence of germline recombination and provide guidelines to inform future research for the neuroscience and broader molecular genetics communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Mateusz C. Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Benseler
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Naosuke Hoshina
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Mary Anne Hutchison
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yu Itoh-Maruoka
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Laura A. Lavery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77003, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tomohiko Maruo
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Junko Motohashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Pelkey
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ariane Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Philips
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Sinclair
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeff A. Stogsdill
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jiexin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joke Wortel
- Department of Functional Genomics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjia You
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Departments of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kevin T. Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harold A. Burgess
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constance L. Cepko
- Departments of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Neurobiology, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascal S. Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Kay
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenji Mandai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan,Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Chris J. McBain
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco A.M. Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vania F. Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada,Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John L.R. Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Joshua R. Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hisashi Umemori
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics and Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam and University Medical Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Huda Yahya Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77003, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Department of Gerontology, Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
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Eguchi K, Velicky P, Hollergschwandtner E, Itakura M, Fukazawa Y, Danzl JG, Shigemoto R. Advantages of Acute Brain Slices Prepared at Physiological Temperature in the Characterization of Synaptic Functions. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:63. [PMID: 32265664 PMCID: PMC7096554 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain slice preparation is a powerful experimental model for investigating the characteristics of synaptic function in the brain. Although brain tissue is usually cut at ice-cold temperature (CT) to facilitate slicing and avoid neuronal damage, exposure to CT causes molecular and architectural changes of synapses. To address these issues, we investigated ultrastructural and electrophysiological features of synapses in mouse acute cerebellar slices prepared at ice-cold and physiological temperature (PT). In the slices prepared at CT, we found significant spine loss and reconstruction, synaptic vesicle rearrangement and decrease in synaptic proteins, all of which were not detected in slices prepared at PT. Consistent with these structural findings, slices prepared at PT showed higher release probability. Furthermore, preparation at PT allows electrophysiological recording immediately after slicing resulting in higher detectability of long-term depression (LTD) after motor learning compared with that at CT. These results indicate substantial advantages of the slice preparation at PT for investigating synaptic functions in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohgaku Eguchi
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Philipp Velicky
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Department of Brain Structure and Function, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Johann Georg Danzl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ryuichi Shigemoto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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48
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Kandori H. Biophysics of rhodopsins and optogenetics. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:355-361. [PMID: 32065378 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodopsins are photoreceptive proteins and key tools in optogenetics. Although rhodopsin was originally named as a red-colored pigment for vision, the modern meaning of rhodopsin encompasses photoactive proteins containing a retinal chromophore in animals and microbes. Animal and microbial rhodopsins respectively possess 11-cis and all-trans retinal, respectively. As cofactors bound with their animal and microbial rhodopsin (seven transmembrane α-helices) environments, 11-cis and all-trans retinal undergo photoisomerization into all-trans and 13-cis retinal forms as part of their functional cycle. While animal rhodopsins are G protein coupled receptors, the function of microbial rhodopsins is highly divergent. Many of the microbial rhodopsins are able to transport ions in a passive or an active manner. These light-gated channels or light-driven pumps represent the main tools for respectively effecting neural excitation and silencing in the emerging field of optogenetics. In this article, the biophysics of rhodopsins and their relationship to optogenetics are reviewed. As history has proven, understanding the molecular mechanism of microbial rhodopsins is a prerequisite for their rational exploitation as the optogenetics tools of the future.
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49
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Dendritic Spines in Alzheimer's Disease: How the Actin Cytoskeleton Contributes to Synaptic Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030908. [PMID: 32019166 PMCID: PMC7036943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Aβ-driven synaptic dysfunction in the early phases of pathogenesis. In the synaptic context, the actin cytoskeleton is a crucial element to maintain the dendritic spine architecture and to orchestrate the spine’s morphology remodeling driven by synaptic activity. Indeed, spine shape and synaptic strength are strictly correlated and precisely governed during plasticity phenomena in order to convert short-term alterations of synaptic strength into long-lasting changes that are embedded in stable structural modification. These functional and structural modifications are considered the biological basis of learning and memory processes. In this review we discussed the existing evidence regarding the role of the spine actin cytoskeleton in AD synaptic failure. We revised the physiological function of the actin cytoskeleton in the spine shaping and the contribution of actin dynamics in the endocytosis mechanism. The internalization process is implicated in different aspects of AD since it controls both glutamate receptor membrane levels and amyloid generation. The detailed understanding of the mechanisms controlling the actin cytoskeleton in a unique biological context as the dendritic spine could pave the way to the development of innovative synapse-tailored therapeutic interventions and to the identification of novel biomarkers to monitor synaptic loss in AD.
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Kandori H. Retinal Proteins: Photochemistry and Optogenetics. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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