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Rumpler É, Skrapits K, Takács S, Göcz B, Trinh SH, Rácz G, Matolcsy A, Kozma Z, Ciofi P, Dhillo WS, Hrabovszky E. Characterization of Kisspeptin Neurons in the Human Rostral Hypothalamus. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:249-262. [PMID: 32299085 DOI: 10.1159/000507891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin (KP) neurons in the rostral periventricular region of the 3rd ventricle (RP3V) of female rodents mediate positive estrogen feedback to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and, thus, play a fundamental role in the mid-cycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. The RP3V is sexually dimorphic, and male rodents with lower KP cell numbers are unable to mount estrogen-induced LH surges. OBJECTIVE To find and characterize the homologous KP neurons in the human brain, we studied formalin-fixed post-mortem hypothalami. METHODS Immunohistochemical techniques were used. RESULTS The distribution of KP neurons in the rostral hypothalamus overlapped with distinct subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus. The cell numbers decreased after menopause, indicating that estrogens positively regulate KP gene expression in the rostral hypothalamus in humans, similarly to several other species. Young adult women and men had similar cell numbers, as opposed to rodents reported to have more KP neurons in the RP3V of females. Human KP neurons differed from the homologous rodent cells as well, in that they were devoid of enkephalins, galanin and tyrosine hydroxylase. Further, they did not contain known KP neuron markers of the human infundibular nucleus, neurokinin B, substance P and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, while they received afferent input from these KP neurons. CONCLUSIONS The identification and positive estrogenic regulation of KP neurons in the human rostral hypothalamus challenge the long-held view that positive estrogen feedback may be restricted to the mediobasal part of the hypothalamus in primates and point to the need of further anatomical, molecular and functional studies of rostral hypothalamic KP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Rumpler
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Takács
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Göcz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarolta H Trinh
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Rácz
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kozma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary,
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Del Fiacco M, Serra MP, Boi M, Poddighe L, Demontis R, Carai A, Quartu M. TRPV1-Like Immunoreactivity in the Human Locus K, a Distinct Subregion of the Cuneate Nucleus. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070072. [PMID: 29986526 PMCID: PMC6071077 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 receptor (TRPV1)-like immunoreactivity (LI), in the form of nerve fibres and terminals, is shown in a set of discrete gray matter subregions placed in the territory of the human cuneate nucleus. We showed previously that those subregions share neurochemical and structural features with the protopathic nuclei and, after the ancient name of our town, collectively call them Locus Karalis, and briefly Locus K. TRPV1-LI in the Locus K is codistributed, though not perfectly overlapped, with that of the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, the topography of the elements immunoreactive to the three markers, in relation to each other, reflecting that previously described in the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus. Myelin stainings show that myelinated fibres, abundant in the cuneate, gracile and trigeminal magnocellular nuclei, are scarce in the Locus K as in the trigeminal substantia gelatinosa. Morphometric analysis shows that cell size and density of Locus K neurons are consistent with those of the trigeminal substantia gelatinosa and significantly different from those of the magnocellular trigeminal, solitary and dorsal column nuclei. We propose that Locus K is a special component of the human dorsal column nuclei. Its functional role remains to be determined, but TRPV1 appears to play a part in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Del Fiacco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Laura Poddighe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Roberto Demontis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Antonio Carai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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Mapping of methionine-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 in the human diencephalon. Neuroscience 2016; 334:245-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Sims-Williams H, Matthews JC, Talbot PS, Love-Jones S, Brooks JC, Patel NK, Pickering AE. Deep brain stimulation of the periaqueductal gray releases endogenous opioids in humans. Neuroimage 2016; 146:833-842. [PMID: 27554530 PMCID: PMC5312788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) is used in the treatment of severe refractory neuropathic pain. We tested the hypothesis that DBS releases endogenous opioids to exert its analgesic effect using [11C]diprenorphine (DPN) positron emission tomography (PET). Patients with de-afferentation pain (phantom limb pain or Anaesthesia Dolorosa (n=5)) who obtained long-lasting analgesic benefit from DBS were recruited. [11C]DPN and [15O]water PET scanning was performed in consecutive sessions; first without, and then with PAG stimulation. The regional cerebral tracer distribution and kinetics were quantified for the whole brain and brainstem. Analysis was performed on a voxel-wise basis using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and also within brainstem regions of interest and correlated to the DBS-induced improvement in pain score and mood. Brain-wide analysis identified a single cluster of reduced [11C]DPN binding (15.5% reduction) in the caudal, dorsal PAG following DBS from effective electrodes located in rostral dorsal/lateral PAG. There was no evidence for an accompanying focal change in blood flow within the PAG. No correlation was found between the change in PAG [11C]DPN binding and the analgesic effect or the effect on mood (POMSSV) of DBS. The analgesic effect of DBS in these subjects was not altered by systemic administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (400 ug). These findings indicate that DBS of the PAG does indeed release endogenous opioid peptides focally within the midbrain of these neuropathic pain patients but we are unable to further resolve the question of whether this release is responsible for the observed analgesic benefit. Sequential opioid-PET imaging study of deafferentation pain patients. All obtained analgesic benefit from deep brain stimulators (DBS) in periaqueductal grey (PAG). PET imaging with diprenorphine showed DBS reduced binding of the radioligand in the PAG. Change in binding consistent with DBS-evoked release of endogenous opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Sims-Williams
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery & Pain Medicine, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - Julian C Matthews
- Imaging Sciences, MAHSC, University of Manchester, M20 3LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Talbot
- Imaging Sciences, MAHSC, University of Manchester, M20 3LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Love-Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery & Pain Medicine, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Cw Brooks
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre (CRiCBristol), University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nikunj K Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery & Pain Medicine, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom.
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De Souza E, Sánchez ML, Aguilar LÁ, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JÁ, Coveñas R. Mapping of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:363-74. [PMID: 25754727 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, we studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibers containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca brainstem. Immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed throughout the whole brainstem: 34 brainstem nuclei/regions showed a high or a moderate density of these fibers. Perikarya containing the peptide were widely distributed throughout the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. Cell bodies containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) were observed in the lateral and medial divisions of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, reticular formation (mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata), inferior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, pericentral division of the dorsal tegmental nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, nucleus of the trapezoid body, vestibular nucleus, motor dorsal nucleus of the vagus, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus praepositus hypoglossi, and in the substantia nigra. This widespread distribution indicates that somatostatin-28 (1-12) is involved in multiple physiological actions in the alpaca brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Souza
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Skrapits K, Borsay BÁ, Herczeg L, Ciofi P, Liposits Z, Hrabovszky E. Neuropeptide co-expression in hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons of laboratory animals and the human. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:29. [PMID: 25713511 PMCID: PMC4322635 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic peptidergic neurons using kisspeptin (KP) and its co-transmitters for communication are critically involved in the regulation of mammalian reproduction and puberty. This article provides an overview of neuropeptides present in KP neurons, with a focus on the human species. Immunohistochemical studies reveal that large subsets of human KP neurons synthesize neurokinin B, as also shown in laboratory animals. In contrast, dynorphin described in KP neurons of rodents and sheep is found rarely in KP cells of human males and postmenopausal females. Similarly, galanin is detectable in mouse, but not human, KP cells, whereas substance P, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and proenkephalin-derived opioids are expressed in varying subsets of KP neurons in humans, but not reported in ARC of other species. Human KP neurons do not contain neurotensin, cholecystokinin, proopiomelanocortin-derivatives, agouti-related protein, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin or tyrosine hydroxylase (dopamine). These data identify the possible co-transmitters of human KP cells. Neurochemical properties distinct from those of laboratory species indicate that humans use considerably different neurotransmitter mechanisms to regulate fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Skrapits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Á Borsay
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Center, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Herczeg
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Center, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Neurocentre Magendie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U862 Bordeaux, France
| | - Zsolt Liposits
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary ; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erik Hrabovszky
- Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
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Developmental study of the distribution of hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha and microtubule-associated protein 2 in children’s brainstem: Comparison between controls and cases with signs of perinatal hypoxia. Neuroscience 2014; 271:77-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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de Souza E, Aguilar LA, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JA, Coveñas R. Mapping of neurotensin in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem. Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 43:245-56. [PMID: 23692174 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the distribution of cell bodies and fibres containing neurotensin (NT) in the brainstem of the alpaca using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoreactive fibres were widely distributed throughout the brainstem, whereas the distribution of cell bodies was less widespread. Immunoreactive perikarya were only found in the mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formation, periaqueductal grey, nucleus of the solitary tract, laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the inferior colliculus. A high density of fibres containing NT was found in the dorsal nucleus of the raphe, marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, locus coeruleus, inferior colliculus, inter-peduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, periaqueductal grey, reticular formation of the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata, nucleus of the solitary tract, laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus, inferior central nucleus and in the tegmental reticular nucleus. The widespread distribution indicates that NT might be involved in multiple physiological actions in the alpaca brainstem; this must be investigated in the future as alpacas lives from 0 m above sea level to altitudes of up 5000 m and hence the involvement of this neuropeptide in special and unique regulatory physiological mechanisms could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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9
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Duque E, Mangas A, Salinas P, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JA, Coveñas R. Mapping of alpha-neo-endorphin- and neurokinin B-immunoreactivity in the human brainstem. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:131-49. [PMID: 22318412 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the distribution of alpha-neo-endorphin- or neurokinin B-immunoreactive fibres and cell bodies in the adult human brainstem with no prior history of neurological or psychiatric disease. A low density of alpha-neo-endorphin-immunoreactive cell bodies was only observed in the medullary central gray matter and in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (gelatinosa part). Alpha-neo-endorphin-immunoreactive fibres were moderately distributed throughout the human brainstem. A high density of alpha-neo-endorphin-immunoreactive fibres was found only in the solitary nucleus (caudal part), in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (caudal part), and in the gelatinosa part of the latter nucleus. Neurokinin B-immunoreactive cell bodies (low density) were found in the periventricular central gray matter, the reticular formation of the pons and in the superior colliculus. The distribution of the neurokinin-immunoreactive fibres was restricted. In general, for both neuropeptides the density of the immunoreactive fibres was low. In the human brainstem, the proenkephalin system was more widely distributed than the prodynorphin system, and the preprotachykinin A system (neurokinin A) was more widely distributed than the preprotachykinin B system (neurokinin B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewing Duque
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (Lab. 143), Pontificia Bolivariana-Montería University, Montería, Colombia
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10
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Coveñas R, Mangas A, Medina LE, Sánchez ML, Aguilar LA, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JA. Mapping of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca diencephalon. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 42:89-98. [PMID: 21729751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Using an immunocytochemical technique, we report for the first time the distribution of immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the alpaca diencephalon. Somatostatin-28 (1-12)-immunoreactive cell bodies were only observed in the hypothalamus (lateral hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus). However, immunoreactive fibers were widely distributed throughout the thalamus and hypothalamus. A high density of such fibers was observed in the central medial thalamic nucleus, laterodorsal thalamic nucleus, lateral habenular nucleus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, paraventricular thalamic nucleus, reuniens thalamic nucleus, rhomboid thalamic nucleus, subparafascicular thalamic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus, dorsal hypothalamic area, around the fornix, lateral hypothalamic area, lateral mammilary nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, supraoptic hypothalamic nucleus, and in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. The widespread distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12) in the thalamus and hypothalamus of the alpaca suggests that the neuropeptide could be involved in many physiological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coveñas
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Salamanca, Spain.
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Sienkiewicz W, Dudek A, Kaleczyc J, Chrószcz A. Immunohistochemical Characterization of Neurones in the Hypoglossal Nucleus of the Pig. Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 39:152-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Bojnik E, Babos F, Magyar A, Borsodi A, Benyhe S. Bioinformatic and biochemical studies on the phylogenetic variability of proenkephalin-derived octapeptides. Neuroscience 2010; 165:542-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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González Moles MA, Mosqueda-Taylor A, Esteban F, Gil-Montoya JA, Díaz-Franco MA, Delgado M, Muñoz M. Cell proliferation associated with actions of the substance P/NK-1 receptor complex in keratocystic odontogenic tumours. Oral Oncol 2008; 44:1127-33. [PMID: 18486533 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The expression of substance P (SP) and its NK-1 receptor (NK-1R) in keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KOTs) was studied to determine whether the intrinsic growth potential of these lesions is related to a cell proliferation stimulus mediated by the SP/NK-1R complex. A total of 65 tissue samples of solitary non-recurrent KOTs, solitary recurrent KOTs, KOTs associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) and KOTs with chondroid wall were studied by immunohistochemistry, using anti-SP, anti-NK-1R and anti-Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies. Expression of these markers was analysed in infiltrating lymphocytes, in fibrous capsule, and in membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus of epithelial cells. SP expression in infiltrating lymphocytes was significantly associated with SP in fibrous capsule and epithelial cells. KOTs associated with NBCCS showed a significantly higher SP expression in all tissues and cell compartments compared with other KOT types. Finally, SP expression in epithelial cells was associated with positive Ki-67 expression in dysplastic epithelium. This first published report on SP and NK-1R expressions in KOTs demonstrates that actions of the SP/NK-1R complex may constitute a mechanism to stimulate epithelial cell proliferation in KOT. This pathway may be of special relevance in the multiple KOTs associated with NBCCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A González Moles
- Department of Oral Medicine, Facultad de Odontología, Paseo de Cartuja s/n, Dental School, Granada University, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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de Souza E, Coveñas R, Yi P, Aguilar LA, Lerma L, Andrade R, Mangas A, Díaz-Cabiale Z, Narváez JA. Mapping of CGRP in the alpaca (Lama pacos) brainstem. J Chem Neuroanat 2008; 35:346-55. [PMID: 18420379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive structures containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the alpaca brainstem. This is the first time that a detailed mapping of the cell bodies and fibers containing this neuropeptide in the alpaca brainstem has been carried out using an immunocytochemical technique. Immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were widely distributed throughout the alpaca brainstem. A high density of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive perikarya was found in the superior colliculus, the dorsal nucleus of the raphe, the trochlear nucleus, the lateral division of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, the motor trigeminal nucleus, the facial nucleus, the pons reticular formation, the retrofacial nucleus, the rostral hypoglossal nucleus, and in the motor dorsal nucleus of the vagus, whereas a high density of fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide was observed in the lateral division of the marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum, the parvocellular division of the alaminar spinal trigeminal nucleus, the external cuneate nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus, and in the area postrema. This widespread distribution indicates that the neuropeptide studied might be involved in multiple functions in the alpaca brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana de Souza
- Universidad de Salamanca, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (INCYL), Salamanca, Spain
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Mangas A, Coveñas R, Bodet D, Geffard M, Aguilar LA, Yajeya J. Immunocytochemical visualization of d-glutamate in the rat brain. Neuroscience 2007; 144:654-64. [PMID: 17084987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using highly specific antisera directed against conjugated d-amino acids, the distribution of d-glutamate-, d-tryptophan-, d-cysteine-, d-tyrosine- and d-methionine-immunoreactive structures in the rat brain was studied. Cell bodies containing d-glutamate, but not d-glutamate-immunoreactive fibers, were found. Perikarya containing this d-amino acid were only found in the mesencephalon and thalamus of the rat CNS. Thus, the highest density of cell bodies containing d-glutamate was observed in the dorsal raphe nucleus, the ventral part of the mesencephalic central gray, the superior colliculus, above the posterior commissure, and in the subparafascicular thalamic nucleus. A moderate density of immunoreactive cell bodies was observed in the dorsal part of the mesencephalic central gray, above the rostral linear nucleus of the raphe, the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, and in the medial habenular nucleus, whereas a low density was found below the medial forebrain bundle and in the posterior thalamic nuclear group. Moreover, no immunoreactive fibers or cell bodies were visualized containing d-tryptophan, d-cysteine, d-tyrosine or d-methionine in the rat brain. The distribution of d-glutamate-immunoreactive cell bodies in the rat brain suggests that this d-amino acid could be involved in several physiological mechanisms. This work reports the first visualization and the morphological characteristics of conjugated d-glutamate-immunoreactive cell bodies in the rat CNS using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Our results suggest that the immunoreactive neurons observed have an uptake mechanism for d-glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mangas
- Gemacbio SA, Immunochemistry Department, Cenon, France.
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Abstract
This paper is the 27th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2004 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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