1
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Pros and Cons of Pharmacological Manipulation of cGMP-PDEs in the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010262. [PMID: 35008687 PMCID: PMC8745278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, are ubiquitous second messengers responsible for translating extracellular signals to intracellular biological responses in both normal and tumor cells. When these signals are aberrant or missing, cells may undergo neoplastic transformation or become resistant to chemotherapy. cGMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are attracting tremendous interest as drug targets for many diseases, including cancer, where they regulate cell growth, apoptosis and sensitization to radio- and chemotherapy. In breast cancer, PDE5 inhibition is associated with increased intracellular cGMP levels, which is responsible for the phosphorylation of PKG and other downstream molecules involved in cell proliferation or apoptosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant studies regarding the controversial role of PDE inhibitors as off-label adjuvants in cancer therapy.
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Ramos-Inza S, Ruberte AC, Sanmartín C, Sharma AK, Plano D. NSAIDs: Old Acquaintance in the Pipeline for Cancer Treatment and Prevention─Structural Modulation, Mechanisms of Action, and Bright Future. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16380-16421. [PMID: 34784195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of current chemotherapeutic drugs are still a major issue in cancer treatment. Thus, targeted multimodal therapeutic approaches need to be strategically developed to successfully control tumor growth and prevent metastatic burden. Inflammation has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer and plays a key role in the tumorigenesis and progression of the disease. Several epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies have shown that traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exhibit anticancer activities. This Perspective reports the most recent outcomes for the treatment and prevention of different types of cancers for several NSAIDs alone or in combination with current chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, an extensive review of the most promising structural modifications is reported, such as phospho, H2S, and NO releasing-, selenium-, metal complex-, and natural product-NSAIDs, among others. We also provide a perspective about the new strategies used to obtain more efficient NSAID- or NSAID derivative- formulations for targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ramos-Inza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Ruberte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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3
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Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:263. [PMID: 34248142 PMCID: PMC8273155 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on therapeutic outcomes. Chronic inflammation facilitates tumor progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen presentation, leading to anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, multiple signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, cGAS/STING, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); inflammatory factors, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL), interferon (IFN), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), chemokines (e.g., C-C motif chemokine ligands (CCLs) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligands (CXCLs)), growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β), and inflammasome; as well as inflammatory metabolites including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, and specialized proresolving mediators (SPM), have been identified as pivotal regulators of the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Nowadays, local irradiation, recombinant cytokines, neutralizing antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, DC vaccines, oncolytic viruses, TLR agonists, and SPM have been developed to specifically modulate inflammation in cancer therapy, with some of these factors already undergoing clinical trials. Herein, we discuss the initiation and resolution of inflammation, the crosstalk between tumor development and inflammatory processes. We also highlight potential targets for harnessing inflammation in the treatment of cancer.
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4
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Sharma V, Fernando V, Letson J, Walia Y, Zheng X, Fackelman D, Furuta S. S-Nitrosylation in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094600. [PMID: 33925645 PMCID: PMC8124305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), which is a bioactive signaling molecule, to exert a variety of effects. These effects include the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and protein-protein interactions. S-nitrosylation plays a central role in propagating NO signals within a cell, tissue, and tissue microenvironment, as the nitrosyl moiety can rapidly be transferred from one protein to another upon contact. This modification has also been reported to confer either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects and is portrayed as a process involved in every stage of cancer progression. In particular, S-nitrosylation has recently been found as an essential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment around a tumor governing the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to outline the effects of S-nitrosylation on different resident cells in the TME and the diverse outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potentials of modulating S-nitrosylation levels in tumors.
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5
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Zappavigna S, Cossu AM, Grimaldi A, Bocchetti M, Ferraro GA, Nicoletti GF, Filosa R, Caraglia M. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072605. [PMID: 32283655 PMCID: PMC7177823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is strictly associated with cancer and plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that inflammation can predispose to tumors, therefore targeting inflammation and the molecules involved in the inflammatory process could represent a good strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. In the past, several clinical studies have demonstrated that many anti-inflammatory agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are able to interfere with the tumor microenvironment by reducing cell migration and increasing apoptosis and chemo-sensitivity. This review focuses on the link between inflammation and cancer by describing the anti-inflammatory agents used in cancer therapy, and their mechanisms of action, emphasizing the use of novel anti-inflammatory agents with significant anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessia Maria Cossu
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Bocchetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Plastic Surgery Unit, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (G.F.N.)
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania, “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Plastic Surgery Unit, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.A.F.); (G.F.N.)
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Consorzio Sannio Tech-AMP Biotec, 82030 Apollosa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.C.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (M.C.)
- Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Obradović A, Matić M, Ognjanović B, Vuković N, Vukić M, Đurđević P, Ušćumlić G, Božić B, Nedeljković BB. Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Novel 3-(4-Substituted Benzyl)-5-Isopropil-5- Phenylhydantoin Derivatives in Human Colon Cancer Cell Line. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1491-1502. [PMID: 31840594 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190425180610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydantoin and its newly synthesized derivatives have recently become a focus of interest due to their numerous biological activities and newly emerging beneficial effects in different pathological conditions, including cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible anti-tumor mechanisms of a series of newly synthesized 3-(4-substituted benzyl)-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin derivatives in different aspects of cell physiology of human colon cancer cell line, HCT-116. METHODS The increasing concentrations of derivatives (0.01µM up to 100µM) were applied to cells during 24h, 48h, and 72h after which the evaluation of proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative/anti-oxidative status, nitrite production, and migration/invasion potential of treated cells was performed. RESULTS All tested compounds expressed the dose- and time-dependent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities against HCT-116 cells. The investigated derivatives induced a decrease in levels of oxidative stress parameters and an increase in levels of nitrite production by treated cells suggesting their significant antioxidative effects. The cell migration index and expression level of tumor invasion-promoting metalloproteinase- 9 (MMP-9) gene were significantly decreased after treatment with the tested hydantoin derivatives implicating their inhibitory role in colon cancer cell motility and invasion processes. The mRNA level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene as a pro-inflammatory gene related to colorectal carcinogenesis was reduced compared to values in the non-treated control cells indicating the significant anti-inflammatory/anti-tumor effects of these compounds. CONCLUSION The obtained results show the significant anti-tumor potential of tested derivatives, especially 3- benzyl-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin and 3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-isopropyl-5-phenylhydantoin, suggesting their potential usage in the development of more effective chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Obradović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miloš Matić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Branka Ognjanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Vuković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Vukić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Predrag Đurđević
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gordana Ušćumlić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Božić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Daja"; Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana B Nedeljković
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Daja"; Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Chiarelli LR, Salina EG, Mori G, Azhikina T, Riabova O, Lepioshkin A, Grigorov A, Forbak M, Madacki J, Orena BS, Manfredi M, Gosetti F, Buzzi A, Degiacomi G, Sammartino JC, Marengo E, Korduláková J, Riccardi G, Mikušová K, Makarov V, Pasca MR. New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of the Thienopyrimidine Antitubercular Prodrug TP053. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:313-323. [PMID: 31729215 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The thienopyrimidine TP053 is an antitubercular prodrug active against both replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) cells, which requires activation by the mycothiol-dependent nitroreductase Mrx2. The investigation of the mechanism of action of TP053 revealed that Mrx2 releases nitric oxide from this drug both in the enzyme assays with purified Mrx2 and in mycobacterial cultures, which can explain its activity against nonreplicating bacilli, similar to pretomanid activated by the nitroreductase Ddn. In addition, we identified a highly reactive metabolite, 2-(4-mercapto-6-(methylamino)-2-phenylpyrimidin-5-yl)ethan-1-ol, which can contribute to the antimycobacterial effects on replicating cells as well as on nonreplicating cells. In summary, we explain the mechanism of action of TP053 on both replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis and report a novel activity for Mrx2, which in addition to Ddn, represents another example of nitroreductase releasing nitric oxide from its substrate. These findings are particularly relevant in the context of drugs targeting nonreplicating M. tuberculosis, which is shown to be killed by increased levels of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent R. Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Elena G. Salina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Tatyana Azhikina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander Lepioshkin
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Artem Grigorov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Martin Forbak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Jan Madacki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15, Novara 28100, Italy
- ISALIT, Spin-off of Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Via A. Canobio 4/6, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Arianna Buzzi
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - José Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
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8
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Lakshman TR, Deb J, Paine TK. Anti-inflammatory activity and enhanced COX-2 selectivity of nitric oxide-donating zinc(ii)-NSAID complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:14053-14057. [PMID: 27711752 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00838k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zinc(ii)-NSAID complexes supported by NO-donating 1,10-phenanthrolinefuroxan exhibit anti-inflammatory activities through selective inhibition of the COX-2 pathway. The strategy represents a general procedure to convert non-selective or COX-1 selective NSAIDs to selective COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triloke Ranjan Lakshman
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Jolly Deb
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Tapan Kanti Paine
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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9
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Shahbazi S, Kaur J, Singh S, Achary KG, Wani S, Jema S, Akhtar J, Sobti RC. Impact of novel N-aryl piperamide NO donors on NF-κB translocation in neuroinflammation: rational drug-designing synthesis and biological evaluation. Innate Immun 2017; 24:24-39. [PMID: 29145791 PMCID: PMC6830765 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917740727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NO donor drugs showed a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of many
diseases, such as arteriopathies, various acute and chronic inflammatory
conditions, and several degenerative diseases. NO-releasing anti-inflammatory
drugs are the prototypes of a novel class of compounds, combining the
pharmacological activities of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive of drugs
with those of NO, thus possessing potential therapeutic applications in a great
variety of diseases. In this study, we designed and predicted biological
activity by targeting cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) and NF-κB subunits and
pharmacological profiling along with toxicity predictions of various
N-aryl piperamides linked via an ester bond to a spacer
that is bound to a NO-releasing moiety (-ONO2). The result of absorption,
distribution, metabolism and excretion and Docking studies indicated that among
51 designed molecules PA-3′K showed the best binding potential in both the
substrate and inhibitory binding pocket of the COX-2 enzyme with affinity values
of –9.33 and –5.12 for PDB ID 1CVU and 3LN1, respectively, thereby having the
potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent. The results of cell
viabilities indicated that PA-3′k possesses the best cell viability property
with respect to its dose (17.33 ng/ml), with 67.76% and 67.93% viable cells for
CHME3 and SVG cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Shahbazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab
University, Chandigarh, India
- Sajad Shahbazi, Department of Biotechnology,
Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab
University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Center of Biotechnology, Siksha O
Anusandhan University, Khandagiri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sameena Wani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and
Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh,
India
| | | | - Jabed Akhtar
- Imgenex India, E5, Infocity,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ranbir Chander Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab
University, Chandigarh, India
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,
Lucknow, India
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10
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Jamaati H, Mortaz E, Pajouhi Z, Folkerts G, Movassaghi M, Moloudizargari M, Adcock IM, Garssen J. Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2008. [PMID: 29085351 PMCID: PMC5649180 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is globally known as one of the most important human pathogens. Mtb is estimated to infect nearly one third of the world's population with many subjects having a latent infection. Thus, from an estimated 2 billion people infected with Mtb, less than 10% may develop symptomatic TB. This indicates that the host immune system may constrain pathogen replication in most infected individuals. On entering the lungs of the host, Mtb initially encounters resident alveolar macrophages which can engulf and subsequently eliminate intracellular microbes via a plethora of bactericidal mechanisms including the generation of free radicals such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Nitric oxide (NO), a key anti-mycobacterial molecule, is detected in the exhaled breath of patients infected with Mtb. Recent knowledge regarding the regulatory role of NO in airway function and Mtb proliferation paves the way of exploiting the beneficial effects of this molecule for the treatment of airway diseases. Here, we discuss the importance of NO in the pathogenesis of TB, the diagnostic use of exhaled and urinary NO in Mtb infection and the potential of NO-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Pajouhi
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mehrnaz Movassaghi
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
The three endogenous gaseous transmitters - nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - regulate a number of key biological functions. Emerging data have revealed several new mechanisms for each of these three gasotransmitters in tumour biology. It is now appreciated that they show bimodal pharmacological character in cancer, in that not only the inhibition of their biosynthesis but also elevation of their concentration beyond a certain threshold can exert anticancer effects. This Review discusses the role of each gasotransmitter in cancer and the effects of pharmacological agents - some of which are in early-stage clinical studies - that modulate the levels of each gasotransmitter. A clearer understanding of the pharmacological character of these three gases and the mechanisms underlying their biological effects is expected to guide further clinical translation.
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12
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Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Mojic M, Bulatovic M, Radojkovic M, Kuzmanovic M, Ristic S, Stosic-Grujicic S, Miljkovic D, Cavalli E, Libra M, Fagone P, McCubrey J, Nicoletti F, Mijatovic S. The NO-modified HIV protease inhibitor as a valuable drug for hematological malignancies: Role of p70S6K. Leuk Res 2015. [PMID: 26220866 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Covalent attachment of NO to the first approved HIV protease inhibitor Saquinavir (Saq-NO) expands the therapeutic potential of the original drug. Apart from retained antiviral activity, the modified drug exerts strong antitumor effects and lower toxicity. In the present study, we have evaluated the sensitivity of different hematological malignancies to Saq-NO. Saq-NO efficiently diminished the viability of Jurkat, Raji, HL-60 and K562 cells. While Jurkat and Raji cells (established from pediatric patients) displayed abrogated proliferative potential, HL-60 and K652 cells (originated from adults) exposed to Saq-NO treatment underwent caspase dependent apoptosis. In addition, similar sensitivity to Saq-NO was observed in mononuclear blood cells obtained from pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Western blot analysis indicated p70S6 kinase as a possible intracellular target of Saq-NO action. Moreover, the addition of a NO moiety to Lopinavir resulted in improved antitumor potential as compared to the parental compound, suggesting that NO-derived HIV protease inhibitors are a potential new source of anticancer drugs with unique mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Maksimovic-Ivanic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mojic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirna Bulatovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Radojkovic
- Clinical Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic", Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Kuzmanovic
- Institute for Health Care of Mother and Child of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Ristic
- Clinical Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic", Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stanislava Stosic-Grujicic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Miljkovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenio Cavalli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Sanja Mijatovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Abstract
There are numerous gaseous substances that can act as signaling molecules, but the best characterized of these are nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide. Each has been shown to play important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. This article is focused on the effects of these gasotransmitters in the context of inflammation. There is considerable overlap in the actions of nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide with respect to inflammation, and these mediators appear to act primarily as anti-inflammatory substances, promoting resolution of inflammatory processes. They also have protective and pro-healing effects in some tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and lung. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development of novel anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective drugs that release of one or more of these gaseous mediators.
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14
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Rigas B, Tsioulias GJ. The evolving role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in colon cancer prevention: a cause for optimism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:2-8. [PMID: 25589413 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious yet preventable disease. The low acceptance and cost of colonoscopy as a screening method or CRC make chemoprevention an important option. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), not currently recommended for CRC prevention, have the potential to evolve into the agents of choice for this indication. Here, we discuss the promise and challenge of NSAIDs for this chemopreventive application.Multiple epidemiologic studies, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of sporadic colorectal polyp recurrence, RCTs in patients with hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, and pooled analyses of cardiovascular-prevention RCTs linked to cancer outcomes have firmly established the ability of conventional NSAIDs to prevent CRC. NSAIDs, however, are seriously limited by their toxicity,which can become cumulative with their long-term administration for chemoprevention, whereas drug interactions in vulnerable elderly patients compound their safety. Newer, chemically modified NSAIDs offer the hope of enhanced efficacy and safety.Recent work also indicates that targeting earlier stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, such as the lower complexity aberrant crypt foci, is a promising approach that may only require relatively short use of chemopreventive agents. Drug combination approaches exemplified by sulindac plus difluoromethylornithine appear very efficacious. Identification of those at risk or most likely to benefit from a given intervention using predictive biomarkers may usher in personalized chemoprevention. Agents that offer simultaneous chemoprevention of diseases in addition to CRC, e.g., cardiovascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases,may have a much greater potential for a broad clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Rigas
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. basil.rigas@stonybrookmedicine
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15
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Linares CI, Ferrín G, Aguilar-Melero P, González-Rubio S, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Sánchez-Aragó M, Chicano-Gálvez E, Cuezva JM, Montero-Álvarez JL, Muntané J, de la Mata M. Sensitivity to anti-Fas is independent of increased cathepsin D activity and adrenodoxin reductase expression occurring in NOS-3 overexpressing HepG2 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:1182-94. [PMID: 25712867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Stable overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS-3) in HepG2 cells (4TO-NOS) leads to increased nitro-oxidative stress and upregulation of the cell death mediators p53 and Fas. Thus, NOS-3 overexpression has been suggested as a useful antiproliferative mechanism in hepatocarcinoma cells. We aimed to identify the underlying mechanism of cell death induced by NOS-3 overexpression at basal conditions and with anti-Fas treatment. The intracellular localization of NOS-3, the nitro-oxidative stress and the mitochondrial activity were analysed. In addition, the protein expression profile in 4TO-NOS was screened for differentially expressed proteins potentially involved in the induction of apoptosis. NOS-3 localization in the mitochondrial outer membrane was not associated with changes in the respiratory cellular capacity, but was related to the mitochondrial biogenesis increase and with a higher protein expression of mitochondrial complex IV. Nitro-oxidative stress and cell death in NOS-3 overexpressing cells occurred with the expression increase of pro-apoptotic genes and a higher expression/activity of the enzymes adrenodoxin reductase mitochondrial (AR) and cathepsin D (CatD). CatD overexpression in 4TO-NOS was related to the apoptosis induction independently of its catalytic activity. In addition, CatD activity inhibition by pepstatin A was not effective in blocking apoptosis induced by anti-Fas. In summary, NOS-3 overexpression resulted in an increased sensitivity to anti-Fas induced cell death, independently of AR expression and CatD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara I Linares
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gustavo Ferrín
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Patricia Aguilar-Melero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sandra González-Rubio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Aragó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Servero Ochoa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Chicano-Gálvez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Servero Ochoa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Montero-Álvarez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel de la Mata
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Córdoba, Spain
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16
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Cheng RYS, Basudhar D, Ridnour LA, Heinecke JL, Kesarwala AH, Glynn S, Switzer CH, Ambs S, Miranda KM, Wink DA. Gene expression profiles of NO- and HNO-donor treated breast cancer cells: insights into tumor response and resistance pathways. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:17-28. [PMID: 25153034 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) synthase 2 (NOS2), a major inflammatory protein, modulates disease progression via NO in a number of pathologies, including cancer. The role of NOS2-derived NO is not only flux-dependent, which is higher in mouse vs human cells, but also varies based on spatial and temporal distribution both within tumor cells and in the tumor microenvironment. NO donors have been utilized to mimic NO flux conditions and to investigate the effects of varied NO concentrations. As a wide range of effects mediated by NO and other nitrogen oxides such as nitroxyl (HNO) have been elucidated, multiple NO- and HNO-releasing compounds have been developed as potential therapeutics, including as tumor modulators. One of the challenges is to determine differences in biomarker expression from extracellular vs intracellular generation of NO or HNO. Taking advantage of new NO and HNO releasing agents, we have characterized the gene expression profile of estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells following exposure to aspirin, the NO donor DEA/NO, the HNO donor IPA/NO andtheir intracellularly-activated prodrug conjugates DEA/NO-aspirin and IPA/NO-aspirin. Comparison of the gene expression profiles demonstrated that several genes were uniquely expressed with respect to NO or HNO, such as miR-21, HSP70, cystathionine γ-lyase and IL24. These findings provide insight into targets and pathways that could be therapeutically exploited by the redox related species NO and HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y S Cheng
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Debashree Basudhar
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie L Heinecke
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aparna H Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Christopher H Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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The role of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways in cancer: targets for prevention and treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:436-58. [PMID: 24577242 PMCID: PMC3980602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than four decades, the cyclic nucleotides cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) have been recognized as important signaling molecules within cells. Under normal physiological conditions, cyclic nucleotides regulate a myriad of biological processes such as cell growth and adhesion, energy homeostasis, neuronal signaling, and muscle relaxation. In addition, altered cyclic nucleotide signaling has been observed in a number of pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. While the distinct molecular alterations responsible for these effects vary depending on the specific cancer type, several studies have demonstrated that activation of cyclic nucleotide signaling through one of three mechanisms-induction of cyclic nucleotide synthesis, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide degradation, or activation of cyclic nucleotide receptors-is sufficient to inhibit proliferation and activate apoptosis in many types of cancer cells. These findings suggest that targeting cyclic nucleotide signaling can provide a strategy for the discovery of novel agents for the prevention and/or treatment of selected cancers.
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18
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Martelli A, Testai L, Anzini M, Cappelli A, Di Capua A, Biava M, Poce G, Consalvi S, Giordani A, Caselli G, Rovati L, Ghelardini C, Patrignani P, Sautebin L, Breschi M, Calderone V. The novel anti-inflammatory agent VA694, endowed with both NO-releasing and COX2-selective inhibiting properties, exhibits NO-mediated positive effects on blood pressure, coronary flow and endothelium in an experimental model of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2013; 78:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Yang L, Lan C, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Guo J, Wan S, Yang S, Wang R, Fang D. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) sensitizes human gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:383-9. [PMID: 23871247 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the nitrous oxide (NO)-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. METHODS The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cellular proliferation and markers of apoptosis, respectively. Expression levels of caspases-8, and 9 were determined by Western blot. Changes in Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity, NO production, and caspase activation were also evaluated. RESULTS We found that TRAIL induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer cell lines, and that this effect was mediated by NO production, and activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways of apoptosis. In addition, we found that the NO-donor SNP sensitizes gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Treatment of cells with both TRAIL and SNP resulted in increased activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9 and NO release. Inhibition of caspase-8 blocked cell TRAIL-induced apoptosis, while a selective caspase-9 inhibitor was unable to prevent apoptosis induced by either TRAIL or TRAIL plus SNP. Inhibition of NOS could block the activation of caspase-9, but had no obvious effect on cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS SNP-sensitized gastric cancer cells to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity by stimulating the release of NO, in turn facilitating the mitochondria-mediated signal transduction pathway. The engagement of the mitochondria signaling pathways along with the TRAIL death receptor signaling pathway synergistically increase levels of apoptosis in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Mikulec CD, Rundhaug JE, Simper MS, Lubet RA, Fischer SM. The chemopreventive efficacies of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: the relationship of short-term biomarkers to long-term skin tumor outcome. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:675-85. [PMID: 23682071 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet B (UVB) component of sunlight, which causes DNA damage and inflammation, is the major cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most prevalent of all cancers. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and coxibs have been shown to be effective chemoprevention agents in multiple preclinical trials, including NMSC, colon, and urinary bladder cancer. NSAIDs, however, cause gastrointestinal irritation, which led to the recent development of nitric oxide (NO) derivatives that may partially ameliorate this toxicity. This study compared the efficacy of several NSAIDs and NO-NSAIDs on UV-induced NMSC in SKH-1 hairless mice and determined whether various short-term biomarkers were predictive of long-term tumor outcome with these agents. Naproxen at 100 (P = 0.05) and 400 ppm (P < 0.01) in the diet reduced tumor multiplicity by 26% and 63%, respectively. The NO-naproxen at slightly lower molar doses shows similar activities. Aspirin at 60 or 750 ppm in the diet reduced tumor multiplicity by 19% and 50%, whereas the equivalent doses (108 and 1,350 ppm) were slightly less effective. Sulindac at 25 and 150 ppm in the diet, doses far below the human equivalent dose was the most potent NSAID with reductions of 50% and 94%, respectively. In testing short-term biomarkers, we found that agents that reduce UV-induced prostaglandin E2 synthesis and/or inhibit UV-induced keratinocyte proliferation yielded long-term tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol D Mikulec
- The Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
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21
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Saquinavir-NO inhibits S6 kinase activity, impairs secretion of the encephalytogenic cytokines interleukin-17 and interferon-gamma and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 259:55-65. [PMID: 23602714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NO-hybridization of the HIV protease inhibitor Saquinavir generates a new chemical entity named Saq-NO, that retains the anti-viral activity and exerts lower toxicity. We show that Saq-NO inhibited the generation of various cytokines in ConA-stimulated unfractionated murine spleen cells and rat lymph nodes stimulated with ConA as well as in purified CD4(+) T cells in vitro and reduced the circulating levels of cytokines in mice challenged with anti-CD3 antibody. Furthermore, Saq-NO reduced IL-17 and IFN-γ production in myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific cells isolated from rats immunized with MBP. These findings translated well into the in vivo setting as Saq-NO ameliorated the course of the disease in two preclinical models of multiple sclerosis. Our results demonstrate that Saq-NO exerts immunomodulatory effects that warrant studies on its application in autoimmune diseases.
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22
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Du Z, Lu Y, Dai X, Zhang-Negrerie D, Gao Q. Synthesis of NO–NSAID Dendritic Prodrugs via Passerini Reaction: New Approach to the Design of Dendrimer-drug Conjugates. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751913x13602469418189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a novel class of dendritic prodrugs via Passerini reaction in one pot. Such dendrimers feature a simultaneous attachment of a conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (such as ibuprofen and aspirin) and a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing moiety (such as an organic nitrate) onto their surface, and are therefore regarded as new drug delivery systems for NO-releasing NSAIDs (NO–NSAIDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyin Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuedong Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Daisy Zhang-Negrerie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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23
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Yan F, He Q, Hu X, Li W, Wei K, Li L, Zhong Y, Ding X, Xiang S, Zhang J. Direct regulation of caspase‑3 by the transcription factor AP‑2α is involved in aspirin‑induced apoptosis in MDA‑MB‑453 breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:909-14. [PMID: 23292806 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin has been reported to trigger apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. However, the detailed mechanisms involved remain elusive. The present study aimed to investigate whether aspirin plays a role in apoptosis of MDA-MB-453 cells. The effect of aspirin on the proliferation of human MDA-MB-453 cells breast cancer cells was evaluated using MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blotting. The present study reports that aspirin induces the apoptosis of MDA‑MB‑453 breast cancer cells which was attributed to the increased expression and activation of caspase‑3. Moreover, AP‑2α, a transcription factor highly expressed in MDA‑MB‑453 cells, was identified as a negative regulator of caspase‑3 transcription and AP‑2α was attenuated following aspirin treatment. Therefore, aspirin may increase the expression of caspase‑3 by inducing the degradation of AP‑2α, which increases activated caspase‑3 expression, thereby triggering apoptosis in MDA‑MB‑453 cells. Thus, aspirin may be used in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China
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24
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Tinsley HN, Grizzle WE, Abadi A, Keeton A, Zhu B, Xi Y, Piazza GA. New NSAID targets and derivatives for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Recent Results Cancer Res 2013; 191:105-20. [PMID: 22893202 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30331-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies provide strong evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can prevent numerous types of cancers, especially colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, the depletion of physiologically important prostaglandins due to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition results in potentially fatal toxicities that preclude the long-term use of NSAIDs for cancer chemoprevention. While studies have shown an involvement of COX-2 in colorectal tumorigenesis, other studies suggest that a COX-independent target may be at least partially responsible for the antineoplastic activity of NSAIDs. For example, certain NSAID derivatives have been identified that do not inhibit COX-2 but have demonstrated efficacy to suppress carcinogenesis with potential for reduced toxicity. A number of alternative targets have also been reported to account for the tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of NSAIDs, including the inhibition of cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterases (cGMP PDEs), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the suppression of the apoptosis inhibitor protein, survivin, and others. Here, we review several promising mechanisms that are being targeted to develop safer and more efficacious NSAID derivatives for colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Tinsley
- Department of Biology, University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL, USA
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25
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Medina C, Harmon S, Inkielewicz I, Santos-Martinez MJ, Jones M, Cantwell P, Bazou D, Ledwidge M, Radomski MW, Gilmer JF. Differential inhibition of tumour cell-induced platelet aggregation by the nicotinate aspirin prodrug (ST0702) and aspirin. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:938-49. [PMID: 22122360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumour cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) facilitates cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis and the formation of metastatic foci. TCIPA can be modulated by pharmacological inhibitors of MMP-2 and ADP; however, the COX inhibitor aspirin did not prevent TCIPA. In this study, we have tested the pharmacological effects of a new group of isosorbide-based aspirin prodrugs on TCIPA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TCIPA was induced in human platelets by mixing with human adenocarcinoma or fibrosarcoma cells under no flow and flow conditions. The release of gelatinases and P-selectin expression during TCIPA were studied by zymography and flow cytometry respectively. KEY RESULTS Tumour cells caused platelet aggregation. This aggregation resulted in the release of MMP-2 and a significant up-regulation of P-selectin on platelets, indicative of platelet activation. Pharmacological modulation of TCIPA revealed that ST0702, one of the aspirin prodrugs, down-regulated TCIPA while aspirin was ineffective. The deacetylated metabolite of ST0702, 5-nicotinate salicylate (ST0702 salicylate), down-regulated both ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation and TCIPA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results show that ST0702 was an effective inhibitor of TCIPA in vitro. Its deacetylated metabolite may contribute to the effects of ST0702 by inhibiting ADP-mediated TCIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Medina
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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26
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Xie G, Nie T, Mackenzie GG, Sun Y, Huang L, Ouyang N, Alston N, Zhu C, Murray OT, Constantinides PP, Kopelovich L, Rigas B. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of phospho-sulindac (OXT-328) and the effect of difluoromethylornithine. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2152-66. [PMID: 21955327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phospho-sulindac (PS; OXT-328) prevents colon cancer in mice, especially when combined with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Here, we explored its metabolism and pharmacokinetics. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PS metabolism was studied in cultured cells, liver microsomes and cytosol, intestinal microsomes and in mice. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of PS were studied in mice. KEY RESULTS PS undergoes reduction and oxidation yielding PS sulphide and PS sulphone; is hydrolysed releasing sulindac, which generates sulindac sulphide (SSide) and sulindac sulphone (SSone), all of which are glucuronidated. Liver and intestinal microsomes metabolized PS extensively but cultured cells converted only 10% of it to PS sulphide and PS sulphone. In mice, oral PS is rapidly absorbed, metabolized and distributed to the blood and other tissues. PS survives only partially intact in blood; of its three major metabolites (sulindac, SSide and SSone), sulindac has the highest C(max) and SSone the highest t(1/2) ; their AUC(0-24h) are similar. Compared with conventional sulindac, PS generated more SSone but less SSide, which may contribute to the safety of PS. In the gastroduodenal wall of mice, 71% of PS was intact; sulindac, SSide and SSone together accounted for <30% of the total. This finding may explain the lack of gastrointestinal toxicity by PS. DFMO had no effect on PS metabolism but significantly reduced drug level in mouse plasma and other tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings establish the metabolism of PS define its pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, describe its interactions with DFMO and largely explain its gastrointestinal safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xie
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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27
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Mojic M, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Miljkovic D, Stosic-Grujicic S, Stankovic M, Mangano K, Travali S, Donia M, Fagone P, Zocca MB, Al-Abed Y, McCubrey JA, Nicoletti F. Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide-modified drugs in colon cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:700-10. [PMID: 22798453 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.077842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the influence of the nitric oxide (NO)-modified anti-inflammatory drug (S,R)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxasole acetic acid (VGX-1027) named GIT-27NO or the NO-modified antiviral drug saquinavir (Saq) named Saq-NO on two colon cancer cell lines, mouse CT26CL25 and human HCT116. The effects of the drugs on cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, and metastatic potential were analyzed. The release of NO and oxygen and nitrogen species was also determined. The efficacy of the drugs was evaluated in vivo in BALB/c mice injected with CT26CL25 cells. Both agents suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and reduced tumor volume in syngeneic BALB/c mice. However, their mechanisms of action were different because GIT-27NO released larger amounts of nitrite than Saq-NO in cell cultures and its antitumor action depended on the intracellular NO release inside the cells. On the contrary, Saq-NO released barely detectable amounts of NO and its antitumor action was NO-independent. In fact, cotreatment with an NO-peroxynitrite scavenger revealed that GIT-27NO but not Saq-NO acts through peroxynitrite-mediated cell destruction. At the cellular level, GIT-27NO prevalently induced proapoptotic signals followed by caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, Saq-NO blocked cell proliferation, changed the adhesive, migratory, and invasive properties of the cells, and decreased metastatic potential in vivo. In conclusion, differences in NO release and oxidative stress generation between GIT-27NO and Saq-NO resulted in different mechanisms that caused cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mojic
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
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28
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Para-NO-aspirin inhibits NF-κB and induces apoptosis in B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2012; 40:207-215.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Aguilar-Melero P, Ferrín G, Muntané J. Effects of nitric oxide synthase-3 overexpression on post-translational modifications and cell survival in HepG2 cells. J Proteomics 2011; 75:740-55. [PMID: 21968428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma is the fifth most common neoplasm and the third cause of cancer-related death. The development of genetic- and/or molecular-based therapies is urgently required. The administration of high doses of nitric oxide (NO) promotes cell death in hepatocytes. NO contributes to cell signaling by inducing oxidative/nitrosative-dependent post-translational modifications. The aim of the present study was to investigate protein modifications and its relation with alteration of cell proliferation and death in hepatoma cells. Increased intracellular NO production was achieved by stable nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS-3) overexpression in HepG2 cells. We assessed the pattern of nitration, nitrosylation and carbonylation of proteins by proteomic analysis. The results showed that NOS-3 cell overexpression increased oxidative stress, which affected proteins mainly involved in cell protein folding. Carbonylation also altered metabolism, as well as immune and antioxidant responses. The interaction of nitrosative and oxidative stress generated tyrosine nitration, which affected the tumor marker Serpin B3, ATP synthesis and cytoskeleton. All these effects were associated with a decrease in chaperone activity, a reduction in cell proliferation and an increased cell death. Our study showed that alteration of nitration, nitrosylation and carbonylation pattern of proteins by NO-dependent oxidative/nitrosative stress was related to a reduction of cell survival in a hepatoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aguilar-Melero
- Liver Research Unit, IMIBIC (Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba), Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
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30
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Liu W, Zhou J, Liu Y, Liu H, Bensdorf K, Guo C, Gust R. Licofelone-nitric oxide donors as anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:487-93. [PMID: 21681808 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Five licofelone ([2,2-dimethyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizin-5-yl]acetic acid) nitric oxide donor conjugates were developed by a parallel synthesis approach. The biological screening revealed that compounds with a propyl (6b), butyl (6c), or octyl (6d) chain between licofelone and the nitric oxide donor exhibited high antiproliferative potency at MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer as well as at HT-29 colon cancer cells. Moreover, 6b-d possessed at least 2-fold higher cytotoxicity at MDA-MB-231 cells than the parent compound licofelone although they showed less inhibitory activity at COX-1 and COX-2. A correlation between COX inhibition and growth inhibitory properties is not visible. However, the high levels of nitric oxide production of the compounds may result in their high cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wukun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P.R. China
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31
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McIlhatton MA, Tyler J, Kerepesi LA, Bocker-Edmonston T, Kucherlapati MH, Edelmann W, Kucherlapati R, Kopelovich L, Fishel R. Aspirin and low-dose nitric oxide-donating aspirin increase life span in a Lynch syndrome mouse model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:684-93. [PMID: 21436383 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) appear to be effective cancer chemopreventives. Previous cellular studies showed that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid: ASA) and nitric oxide-donating ASA (NO-ASA) suppressed microsatellite instability (MSI) in mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cells linked to the common cancer predisposition syndrome hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or Lynch syndrome (LS/HNPCC), at doses 300- to 3,000-fold less than ASA. Using a mouse model that develops MMR-deficient intestinal tumors that appear pathologically identical to LS/HNPCC, we show that ASA (400 mg/kg) and low-dose NO-ASA (72 mg/kg) increased life span by 18% to 21%. We also note a trend where ASA treatment resulted in intestinal tumors with reduced high MSI (H-MSI) and increased low MSI (L-MSI) as defined by the Bethesda Criteria. Low-dose NO-ASA had a minimal effect on MSI status. In contrast to previous studies, high-dose NO-ASA (720/1,500 mg/kg) treatments increased tumor burden, decreased life span, and exacerbated MSI uniquely in the LS/HNPCC mouse model. These results suggest that MMR-deficient tissues/mice may be specifically sensitive to intrinsic pharmacokinetic features of this drug. It is likely that long-term treatment with ASA may represent a chemopreventive option for LS/HNPCC patients. Moreover, as low-dose NO-ASA shows equivalent life span increase at 10-fold lower doses than ASA, it may have the potential to significantly reduce the gastropathy associated with long-term ASA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A McIlhatton
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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32
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Abstract
Nitric oxide is a pleiotropic ancestral molecule, which elicits beneficial effect in many physiological settings but is also tenaciously expressed in numerous pathological conditions, particularly breast tumors. Nitric oxide is particularly harmful in adipogenic milieu of the breast, where it initiates and promotes tumorigenesis. Epidemiological studies have associated populations at a greater risk for developing breast cancer, predominantly estrogen receptor positive tumors, to express specific polymorphic forms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, that produce sustained low levels of nitric oxide. Low sustained nitric oxide generates oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions at susceptible sites in the heterogeneous microenvironment of the breast, where it promotes cancer related events in specific cell types. Inflammatory conditions also stimulate inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which dependent on the microenvironment, could promote or inhibit mammary tumors. In this review we re-examine the mechanisms by which nitric oxide promotes initiation and progression of breast cancer and address some of the controversies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Pervin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.
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33
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Zhang Y, Wang PA, Zhang MY, Sun XL. (1S,4S,5S,8R)-8-Nitro-oxy-2,6-dioxa-bicyclo-[3.3.0]octan-4-yl 3,4,5-triacetoxy-benzoate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o2849. [PMID: 21578438 PMCID: PMC2970955 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809042524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C19H19NO13, one of the two fused furanose rings adopts an envelope conformation whereas the other displays a twisted conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions between a methine H atom and the triacetoxyphenyl ring of an adjacent molecule, and by weak non-classical intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 17, 710032, Xi-An, People's Republic of China
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34
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The novel NO-donating compound GIT-27NO inhibits in vivo growth of human prostate cancer cells and prevents murine immunoinflammatory hepatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 615:228-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Lim YJ, Lee JS, Ku YS, Hahm KB. Rescue strategies against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastroduodenal damage. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24:1169-78. [PMID: 19682191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, which attests to their efficacy as analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents as well as anticancer drugs. However, NSAID use also carries a risk of major gastroduodenal events, including symptomatic ulcers and their serious complications that can lead to fatal outcomes. The development of "coxibs" (selective cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] inhibitors) offered similar efficacy with reduced toxicity, but this promise of gastroduodenal safety has only partially been fulfilled, and is now dented with associated risks of cardiovascular or intestinal complications. Recent advances in basic science and biotechnology have given insights into molecular mechanisms of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal damage beyond COX-2 inhibition. The emergence of newer kinds of NSAIDs should alleviate gastroduodenal toxicity without compromising innate drug efficacy. In this review, novel strategies for avoiding NSAID-associated gastroduodenal damage will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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36
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Zhang YC, Zhou JP, Wu XM, Pan WH. Synthesis and antitumor activity of nitric oxide releasing derivatives of AT1 antagonist. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Environmental and life-style aspects are major contributors to human carcinogenesis and, therefore, many human cancers may be preventable. Cancer is the end result of defects in cellular signaling processes that play a key role in the control of cell growth, survival, division, and differentiation. Therefore, identifying molecular and cellular targets critical in cancer development and prevention is an area of intensive research, driving the development of highly specific small-molecule inhibitors. A major idea today is that cancer may be prevented or treated by targeting the products of specific cancer-related genes, frequently encoding signaling proteins or transcription factors. Participants in these joint conferences discussed their latest findings in the identification of promising molecular targets and the development of agents directed against these targets with the goal of effectively transitioning these into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
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38
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Abstract
Inflammation is closely linked to cancer, and many anti-cancer agents are also used to treat inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, chronic inflammation increases the risk for various cancers, indicating that eliminating inflammation may represent a valid strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. This article explores the relationship between inflammation and cancer with an emphasis on epidemiological evidence, summarizes the current use of anti-inflammatory agents for cancer prevention and therapy, and describes the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of anti-inflammatory agents. Since monotherapy is generally insufficient for treating cancer, the combined use of anti-inflammatory agents and conventional cancer therapy is also a focal point in discussion. In addition, we also briefly describe future directions that should be explored for anti-cancer anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rayburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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39
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Singh R, Manjunatha U, Boshoff HIM, Ha YH, Niyomrattanakit P, Ledwidge R, Dowd CS, Lee IY, Kim P, Zhang L, Kang S, Keller TH, Jiricek J, Barry CE. PA-824 kills nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis by intracellular NO release. Science 2008; 322:1392-5. [PMID: 19039139 PMCID: PMC2723733 DOI: 10.1126/science.1164571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic nitroimidazoles, including PA-824, are exciting candidates for the treatment of tuberculosis. These prodrugs require intracellular activation for their biological function. We found that Rv3547 is a deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (Ddn) that converts PA-824 into three primary metabolites; the major one is the corresponding des-nitroimidazole (des-nitro). When derivatives of PA-824 were used, the amount of des-nitro metabolite formed was highly correlated with anaerobic killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Des-nitro metabolite formation generated reactive nitrogen species, including nitric oxide (NO), which are the major effectors of the anaerobic activity of these compounds. Furthermore, NO scavengers protected the bacilli from the lethal effects of the drug. Thus, these compounds may act as intracellular NO donors and could augment a killing mechanism intrinsic to the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ujjini Manjunatha
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young Hwan Ha
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Richard Ledwidge
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia S. Dowd
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ill Young Lee
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pilho Kim
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sunhee Kang
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jan Jiricek
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 138670 Singapore
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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