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Rashed MS, Pojić M, McDonagh C, Gallagher E, Frias JM, Pathania S. Structure-function relationship of oat flour fractions when blended with wheat flour: Instrumental and nutritional quality characterization of resulting breads. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 38745379 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The present work investigated the structure-function relationship of dry fractionated oat flour (DFOF) as a techno-functional ingredient using bread as a model system. Mechanically, DFOF fractions (F), that is, F1: <224 µm, F2: 250-280 µm, F3: 280-500 µm, F4: 500-600 µm, and whole oat flour (F5) were blended with white wheat flour at 10%, 30%, and 50% substitution levels for bread making. The blended flours, doughs, and bread samples were assessed for their techno-functional, nutritional, and structural characteristics. The results of Mixolab and the Rapid Visco Analyzer show that the 50% substituted F3 fraction exhibits the highest water absorption properties (69.53%), whereas the 50% F1 fraction exhibits the highest peak viscosity of the past slurry. Analysis of bread samples revealed a lower particle size of DFOF fractions and higher supplementation levels, increased β-glucan levels (0.13-1.29 g/100 bread (db), reduced fermentable monosaccharides, that is, glucose (1.44-0.33 g/100 g), and fructose (1.06-0.28 g/100 g). The effect of particle size surpassed the substitution level effect on bread volume reduction. The lowest hardness value for F1 is 10%, and the highest value for F2 is 50%. The total number of cells in the bread slice decreased from the control to the F4 fraction (50%). Multi-criteria analysis indicated that DFOF fractions produced breads with similar structure and higher nutritional value developed from white wheat flour. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The use of mechanically fractionated oat flours fractions in white wheat flour breads can improve the nutritional profile without affecting the physical properties of the bread product. Based on the oat flour fractions, bakers and food processing companies can tailor the bread formulations for high β-glucan, high fiber, and low reduced sugar claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Said Rashed
- Food Industry Development Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ashtown, Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Milica Pojić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ciara McDonagh
- Food Industry Development Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Eimear Gallagher
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Jesus M Frias
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shivani Pathania
- Food Industry Development Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin, Ashtown, Ireland
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Magi CE, Rasero L, Mannucci E, Bonaccorsi G, Ranaldi F, Pazzagli L, Faraoni P, Mulinacci N, Bambi S, Longobucco Y, Dicembrini I, Iovino P. Use of ancient grains for the management of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1110-1128. [PMID: 38553358 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials was conducted to collate evidence from studies implementing ancient grains and investigate the impact of ancient grain consumption on health outcomes of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials were included, and 13 were meta-analyzed. Interventions ranged from 1 day to 24 weeks; most samples were affected by DM type 2 (n = 28 studies) and the ancient grains used were oats (n = 10 studies), brown rice (n = 6 studies), buckwheat (n = 4 studies), chia (n = 3 studies), Job's Tears (n = 2 studies), and barley, Khorasan and millet (n = 1 study). Thirteen studies that used oats, brown rice, and chia provided data for a quantitative synthesis. Four studies using oats showed a small to moderate beneficial effect on health outcomes including LDL-c (n = 717, MD: 0.30 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.42 to -0.17, Z = 4.61, p < 0.05, I2 = 0%), and TC (n = 717, MD: 0.44 mmol/l, 95% CI: 0.63 to -0.24, Z = 4.40, p < 0.05, I2 = 0%). Pooled analyses of studies using chia and millet did not show significant effects on selected outcomes. CONCLUSIONS For adults affected by DM type 2, the use of oats may improve lipidic profile. Further experimental designs are needed in interventional research to better understand the effects of ancient grains on diabetes health outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42023422386.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rasero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mannucci
- Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ranaldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Faraoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Bambi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dicembrini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Iovino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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3
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Nussbaumer H, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D. Dietary Recommendations for Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2024; 132:182-215. [PMID: 38286422 DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-6772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Winfried Keuthage
- Specialist Practice for Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach Campus, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetology, Niels Stensen Hospitals, Franziskus Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte, Germany
| | | | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Tombek
- Diabetes Centre Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany
- Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Dong QQ, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi Y, Yang KD, Xu XL, Chen W. Exploring β-glucan as a micro-nano system for oral delivery targeted the colon. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127360. [PMID: 37827417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of oral colon-specific delivery systems (OCDDS) is important for delivering active agents to the colon and rectum specifically via the oral route. The use of micro/nanostructured OCDDS further improves drug stability, bioavailability, and retention time, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects. However, designing micro/nanoscale OCDDSs is challenging due to pH changes, enzymatic degradation, and systemic absorption and metabolism. Biodegradable natural polysaccharides are a promising solution to these problems, and β-glucan is one of the most promising natural polysaccharides due to its unique structural features, conformational flexibility, and specific processing properties. This review covers the diverse chemical structures of β-glucan, its benefits (biocompatibility, easy modification, and colon-specific degradation), and various β-glucan-based micro/nanosized OCDDSs, as well as their drawbacks. The potential of β-glucan offers exciting new opportunities for colon-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Dong
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Shi
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ke-Da Yang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Jiang L, Peng Y, Kim KH, Jeon D, Choe H, Han AR, Kim CY, Lee J. Jeongeuplla avenae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel β-carotene-producing bacterium that alleviates salinity stress in Arabidopsis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1265308. [PMID: 38125566 PMCID: PMC10731981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel endophytic bacterium, designated DY-R2A-6T, was isolated from oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds and found to produces β-carotene. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DY-R2A-6T had 96.3% similarity with Jiella aquimaris LZB041T, 96.0% similarity with Aurantimonas aggregate R14M6T and Aureimonas frigidaquae JCM 14755T, and less than 95.8% similarity with other genera in the family Aurantimonadaceae. The complete genome of strain DY-R2A-6T comprised 5,929,370 base pairs, consisting of one full chromosome (5,909,198 bp) and one plasmid (20,172 bp), with a G + C content was 69.1%. The overall genome-related index (OGRI), including digital DNA-DNA hybridization (<20.5%), ANI (<79.2%), and AAI (<64.2%) values, all fell below the thresholds set for novel genera. The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) of strain DY-R2A-6T were C16:0, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c). Ubiquinone-10 was the main respiratory quinone. We identified the gene cluster responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis in the genome and found that the pink-pigment produced by strain DY-R2A-6T is β-carotene. In experiment with Arabidopsis seedlings, co-cultivation with strain DY-R2A-6T led to a 1.4-fold increase in plant biomass and chlorophyll content under salt stress conditions, demonstrating its capacity to enhance salt stress tolerance in plants. Moreover, external application of β-carotene to Arabidopsis seedlings under salt stress conditions also mitigated the stress significantly. Based on these findings, strain DY-R2A-6T is proposed to represent a novel genus and species in the family Aurantimonadaceae, named Jeongeuplla avenae gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is DY-R2A-6T (= KCTC 82985T = GDMCC 1.3014T). This study not only identified a new taxon but also utilized genome analysis to predict and confirm the production of β-carotene by strain DY-R2A-6T. It also demonstrated the ability of this strain to enhance salt stress tolerance in plants, suggesting potential application in agriculture to mitigate environmental stress in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Jiang
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxin Peng
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Jeon
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Choe
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Furuichi T, Abe D, Uchikawa T, Nagasaki T, Kanou M, Kasuga J, Matsumoto S, Tsurunaga Y. Comparison of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Pulverized and Unutilized Portions of Waxy Barley. Foods 2023; 12:2639. [PMID: 37509731 PMCID: PMC10378559 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To promote the use of waxy barley bran, an underutilized resource, samples of waxy barley were divided into three parts: polished waxy barley powder (PWBP), inner bran layer powder (IBLP), and outer bran layer powder (OBLP). The color and appearance, general properties, minerals, vitamins, β-glucan, antioxidant properties, and aroma of each part were compared. In terms of appearance and color, IBLP and OBLP appeared more yellow than PWBP; general components that were more abundant in IBLP and OBLP compared with PWBP were protein, fat, and ash. IBLP and OBLP had characteristically high values of Mg and Zn, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin B1, total polyphenol content, H-ORAC, and DPPH. In particular, the vitamin B1 content of OBLP was approximately 10 times higher than that of PWBP, and Mg and Zn content was more than five times higher than in PWBP. The β-glucan content of IBLP and OBLP was lower than that of PWBP, but relatively high. GC-MS analysis revealed that hexanal was the aroma component common to all three samples, and the peak areas were in the order of PWBP > OBLP > IBLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsugumi Furuichi
- Department of Living Science, Food Science and Nutrition, Tottori College, Tottori 682-8555, Japan
| | - Daigo Abe
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagawa 765-8508, Japan
| | - Takuya Uchikawa
- Tottori Institute of Industrial Technology, Tottori 684-0041, Japan
| | | | - Mina Kanou
- Graduate School of Human and Social Sciences, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Junko Kasuga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yoko Tsurunaga
- Faculty of Human Science, Shimane University, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
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7
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Reiners S, Hebestreit S, Wedekind L, Kiehntopf M, Klink A, Rummler S, Glei M, Lorkowski S, Schlörmann W, Dawczynski C. Effect of a regular consumption of traditional and roasted oat and barley flakes on blood lipids and glucose metabolism-A randomized crossover trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1095245. [PMID: 36819683 PMCID: PMC9932717 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1095245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular consumption of the soluble dietary fiber β-glucan is associated with decreased total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and blood glucose. Barley and oat flakes as natural sources of β-glucan were roasted to improve sensory quality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether roasting of barley and oat flakes changes the physiological impact of the β-glucan-rich flakes on glucose and lipid metabolism. Method A five-armed randomized crossover trial design was used. The intervention study was conducted from May 2018 to May 2019 and included 32 healthy subjects with moderately increased LDL cholesterol (≥2.5 mmol/L). During the 3-week intervention periods, 80 g of roasted or traditional barley or oat flakes, or four slices of white toast bread per day were consumed for breakfast. At the start and the end of each intervention, fasting and postprandial blood was taken. The intervention periods were separated by 3-week wash-out periods. Results During the interventions with the cereal flakes, TC and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced compared to baseline values by mean differences of 0.27-0.33 mmol/L and 0.21-0.30 mmol/L, respectively (p < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was only reduced after the intervention with barley flakes (p < 0.05). After the intervention period with toast, TC and HDL cholesterol increased (p < 0.05). The fasting levels of triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and insulin did not change in any group. The effects of traditional and roasted varieties on blood lipids did not differ between the groups. Conclusion The regular consumption of traditional or roasted barley and oat flakes contributes to the management of cardiovascular diseases by improving TC and LDL cholesterol. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03648112, identifier NCT03648112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Reiners
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Hebestreit
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Wedekind
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Klink
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Rummler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Glei
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schlörmann
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
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Khorasaniha R, Olof H, Voisin A, Armstrong K, Wine E, Vasanthan T, Armstrong H. Diversity of fibers in common foods: Key to advancing dietary research. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Oil-in Water Vegetable Emulsions with Oat Bran as Meat Raw Material Replacers: Compositional, Technological and Structural Approach. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010040. [PMID: 36613256 PMCID: PMC9818671 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique composition and technological properties of some oat bran components (mainly protein and soluble fiber) and olive oil make them a good choice to form oil-in-water vegetable emulsions. The different concentrations of oat bran were studied to form olive oil-in water (O/W) emulsions to apply as a replacement for fat and meat. As a result, four O/W emulsions (OBE) were formulated with 10% (OBE10), 15% (OBE15), 20% (OEB20), and 30% (OBE30) oat bran concentrations and 40% olive oil, with the corresponding amount of water added for each O/W emulsion. Composition, technological properties (thermal stability, pH, texture), and lipid structural characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that low oat bran content (OEB10)-with a lower concentration of oat protein and β-glucans-resulted in an O/W emulsion with an aggregated droplet structure and lower thermal stability and hardness. These connections between composition, technology, and structural properties of olive O/W emulsions elaborated with oat bran could help in making the optimal choice for their potential application in the production of foods such as healthier meat products.
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10
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Chakraborty S, Devi Rajeswari V. Biomedical aspects of beta-glucan on glucose metabolism and its role on primary gene PIK3R1. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Effects of Pretreatment on the Volatile Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Content of Oat Bran. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193070. [PMID: 36230147 PMCID: PMC9562890 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment improves the edible quality of oat bran and prolongs the shelf life, whereas the effect of pretreatments (i.e., steaming(S-OB), microwaving(M-OB), and hot-air drying(HA-OB)) on the flavor characteristics of oat bran is unknown. This study identified volatile composition using HS-SPME/GC−MS and an electronic nose of oat bran. The amino acid compositions were determined by a High-Speed automatic amino acid analyzer and the fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that steaming and microwaving pretreatments enhanced the nutty notes of oat bran. Sixty-four volatile compounds in four oat brans were identified. OB exhibited higher aroma-active compounds, followed by S-OB, and M-OB, and the HA-OB had the lowest aroma-active compounds. Hexanal, nonanal, (E)-2-octenal,1-octen-3-ol, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, and 2-pentylfuran were the key volatile compositions in oat bran. The aldehyde content decreased and the esters and ketones increased in steamed oat bran. Microwaving and hot air drying increased the aldehyde content and decreased the ester and alcohol content. Steamed oat bran had the lowest levels of total amino acids (33.54 g/100 g) and bitter taste amino acids (5.66 g/100 g). However, steaming caused a significant reduction in saturated fatty acid content (18.56%) and an increase in unsaturated fatty acid content (79.60%) of oat bran (p < 0.05). Hot air drying did not result in an improvement in aroma. The results indicated that steaming was an effective drying method to improve the flavor quality of oat bran.
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D. Dietary recommendations for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:S151-S184. [PMID: 35359013 DOI: 10.1055/a-1624-5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute for Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Winfried Keuthage
- Focus Practice for Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Department of Ecotrophology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach Campus, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetology, Niels Stensen Hospitals, Franziskus Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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The Impact of Addition Oats (Avena sativa) and Cinnamon on Cookies and their Biological Effects on Rats Treated with Cirrhosis by CCL4. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7142-7151. [PMID: 34867017 PMCID: PMC8626240 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oats are represented an important source for nutrition, and it have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In this study we produced oatmeal cookies and oats was added to formula wheat by 50% and 75%. Also, we added cinnamon to treatments 3 and 4 by 5% to increase nutrition value of oatmeal cookies, improvement sensory evaluation and increase antioxidant properties. All the cookies treatments were storage at room temperature. The purposes of this study were to study antioxidant activity for oats and cinnamon. Also determined the chemical composition include (moisture content, protein, ash, total lipids, crude fibers, carbohydrates and total calories) for oats, white flour and oatmeal cookies treatments. In addition evaluated all of sensory evaluation contain (appearance, color, texture, taste and odor) and microbiological evaluation such as (total bacterial count, spore forming bacteria and mold and yeasts count) for oatmeal cookies treatments. Also, biological assays were preformed to measure level of GPT, GOT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and glucose. Furthermore, histopathological examination of both liver and kidneys was analyzed. The obtained results were clarified that the antioxidant activity for oats and cinnamon were 52.91% and 87.91%. Moreover, addition of oats and cinnamon to the cookies improve sensory evaluation as made it more acceptable, decreasing microbial load principally treatments 4 (prepared by 75% oats + 5% cinnamon). Biochemical assays were improved in rats with cirrhosis of carbon tetrachloride and their histopathological examination of liver and kidneys. It was clear that the additions ground whole grain oats and cinnamon to wheat flour based cookies improve its nutritional, chemical, and biological functions properties.
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Saka M, Özkaya B, Saka İ. The effect of bread-making methods on functional and quality characteristics of oat bran blended bread. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee YY, Wang M, Son Y, Yang EJ, Kang MS, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Jo J. Oat Extract Avenanthramide-C Reverses Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation Decline in Tg2576 Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206105. [PMID: 34684684 PMCID: PMC8541156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is thought to be underpinned by aberrant amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation, which contributes to synaptic plasticity impairment. Avenanthramide-C (Avn-C), a polyphenol compound found predominantly in oats, has a range of biological properties. Herein, we performed methanolic extraction of the Avns-rich fraction (Fr. 2) from germinated oats using column chromatography, and examined the effects of Avn-C on synaptic correlates of memory in a mouse model of AD. Avn-C was identified in Fr. 2 based on 1H-NMR analysis. Electrophysiological recordings were performed to examine the effects of Avn-C on the hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in a Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Avn-C from germinated oats restored impaired LTP in Tg2576 mouse hippocampal slices. Furthermore, Avn-C-facilitated LTP was associated with changes in the protein levels of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β-S9) and cleaved caspase 3, which are involved in Aβ-induced synaptic impairment. Our findings suggest that the Avn-C extract from germinated oats may be beneficial for AD-related synaptic plasticity impairment and memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Young Lee
- Department of Central Area, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.-S.K.); (H.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.L.); (H.-S.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea;
| | - Yurim Son
- Department of Central Area, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.-S.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Eun-Ju Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Moon-Seok Kang
- Department of Central Area, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.-S.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Central Area, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 16429, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.-S.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.L.); (H.-S.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jihoon Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-Y.L.); (H.-S.K.); (J.J.)
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D. Empfehlungen zur Ernährung von Personen mit Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Freising
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, Freising
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- Abt. Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
- Deutsche Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München
| | | | - Peter Kronsbein
- Fachbereich Oecotrophologie, Hochschule Niederrhein, Campus Mönchengladbach
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Klinik für Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Franziskus-Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Abt. Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Katharina S. Weber
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin
- Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin
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Valido E, Stoyanov J, Bertolo A, Hertig-Godeschalk A, Zeh RM, Flueck JL, Minder B, Stojic S, Metzger B, Bussler W, Muka T, Kern H, Glisic M. Systematic Review of the Effects of Oat Intake on Gastrointestinal Health. J Nutr 2021; 151:3075-3090. [PMID: 34486656 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oats are a food source with multiple health benefits that could support beneficial bacterial groups and provide important bioactive compounds for the gut. OBJECTIVES This review explores the association between oat intake, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and microbial community changes in individuals with celiac disease (CeD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and without GI disease. METHODS Four databases and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception until April 29, 2021. Clinical trials, observational studies, and in vitro studies with human gut-derived samples were included. RESULTS There were 84 articles [23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 21 nonrandomized trials, 8 observational studies, and 32 in vitro studies] included. Oat intake increased total bacterial count, Lactobacilli spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. in healthy individuals and those with CeD. There was an increased concentration of short-chain fatty acids and improved gut permeability with oat intake but with no significant quality-of-life difference. In some individuals with CeD, consumption of certain oat types was associated with worsening of GI symptoms. We found no studies reporting on IBS and only 3 for IBD. The quality of RCTs showed some concerns mostly in domains of randomization (73.9%), whereas the quality of evidence of non-RCTs, observational studies, and in vitro studies was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS Oat intake was associated with the increase of beneficial bacterial groups in individuals without GI disease and those with CeD. Most studies showed no changes in GI symptoms with oat consumption. In vitro studies in CeD provide insight to oat-sensitive individuals and their GI mucosa, but the clinical studies remain limited, precluding our ability to draw firm conclusions. The prevalence of oat sensitivity in individuals with CeD should be further explored as this could improve clinical management and facilitate inclusion of oat in the diet for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Beatrice Minder
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stevan Stojic
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Brandon Metzger
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Weston Bussler
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hua Kern
- Standard Process Nutrition Innovation Center, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Oat Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082560. [PMID: 34444718 PMCID: PMC8398256 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain the top disease and mortality burdens worldwide. Oats have been shown to benefit cardiovascular health and improve insulin resistance. However, the evidence linking oat consumption with CVD, T2D and all-cause mortality remains inconclusive. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to evaluate the associations between oat consumption and risks of T2D, CVD and all-cause mortality in the general population. Five electronic databases were searched until September, 2020. Study specific relative risks (RR) were meta-analyzed using random effect models. Of 4686 relevant references, we included 9 articles, based on 8 unique studies and 471,157 participants. Comparing oat consumers versus non-consumers, RRs were 0.86 (95% CI 0.72–1.03) for T2D incidence and 0.73 (95% CI 0.5–1.07) for combined CVD incidence. Comparing participants with highest versus lowest oat intake, RRs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.74–0.82) for T2D incidence, 0.81 (95% CI 0.61–1.08) for CHD incidence and 0.79 (95% CI 0.59–1.07) for stroke. For all-cause mortality one study based on three cohorts found RR for men and women were 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.85) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.87), respectively. Most studies (n = 6) were of fair to good quality. This meta-analysis suggests that consumption of oat could reduce the risk for T2D and all-cause mortality, while no significant association was found for CVD. Future studies should address a lack of standardized methods in assessing overall oat intake and type of oat products, and investigate a dose-dependent response of oat products on cardiometabolic outcomes in order to introduce oat as preventive and treatment options for the public.
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Barati Z, Iravani M, Karandish M, Haghighizadeh MH, Masihi S. The effect of oat bran consumption on gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:67. [PMID: 33849494 PMCID: PMC8045255 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes is the most common medical complication in pregnancy, and it has many side effects for the mother and the fetus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat bran consumption on gestational diabetes. METHODS This study is a randomized clinical trial that was performed on 112 women with gestational diabetes treated with diet. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of 56. Participants in both groups were given a diet for gestational diabetes. In addition to the diet, the intervention group received 30 g of oat bran daily for 4 weeks at lunch and dinner. Tests of fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial (2hpp) glucose were taken from both groups: before the intervention, and 2 and 4 weeks after the start of the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 22) using independent t-test, as well as Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean blood glucose before the intervention, while 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention, mean fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial (2hpp) glucose decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, the addition of oat bran to the standard diet for pregnant women with gestational diabetes reduced fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial (2hpp) glucose. More detailed studies with higher sample sizes are recommended to prove the effectiveness of this valuable dietary supplement. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT registration number: IRCT20191220045828N1 . Registration date: 2020-04-18. Registered while recruiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Barati
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mina Iravani
- Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Midwifery Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Majid Karandish
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Masihi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fertility Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran
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20
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Wang N, Chen Y, Yu J, Zheng X, Li S, Chen Y. Developing a new modification technology of oat flour based on differential pressure explosion puffing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Zurbau A, Noronha JC, Khan TA, Sievenpiper JL, Wolever TMS. The effect of oat β-glucan on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1540-1554. [PMID: 33608654 PMCID: PMC8563417 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of oat β‑glucan (OBG) on acute glucose and insulin responses and identify significant effect modifiers we searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through October 27, 2020 for acute, crossover, controlled feeding trials investigating the effect of adding OBG (concentrate or oat-bran) to carbohydrate-containing test-meals compared to comparable or different carbohydrate-matched control-meals in humans regardless of health status. The primary outcome was glucose incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC). Secondary outcomes were insulin iAUC, and glucose and insulin incremental peak-rise (iPeak). Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed risk-of-bias and certainty-of-evidence (GRADE). Data were pooled using generic inverse-variance with random-effects model and expressed as ratio-of-means with [95% CIs]. We included 103 trial comparisons (N = 538). OBG reduced glucose iAUC and iPeak by 23% (0.77 [0.74, 0.81]) and 28% (0.72 [0.64, 0.76]) and insulin by 22% (0.78 [0.72, 0.85]) and 24% (0.76 [0.65, 0.88]), respectively. Dose, molecular-weight, and comparator were significant effect modifiers of glucose iAUC and iPeak. Significant linear dose-response relationships were observed for all outcomes. OBG molecular-weight >300 kg/mol significantly reduced glucose iAUC and iPeak, whereas molecular-weight <300 kg/mol did not. Reductions in glucose iAUC (27 vs 20%, p = 0.03) and iPeak (39 vs 25%, p < 0.01) were significantly larger with different vs comparable control-meals. Outcomes were similar in participants with and without diabetes. All outcomes had high certainty-of-evidence. In conclusion, current evidence indicates that adding OBG to carbohydrate-containing meals reduces glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. However, the magnitude of glucose reduction depends on OBG dose, molecular-weight, and the comparator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Zurbau
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jarvis C Noronha
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tauseef A Khan
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wouk J, Dekker RFH, Queiroz EAIF, Barbosa-Dekker AM. β-Glucans as a panacea for a healthy heart? Their roles in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:176-203. [PMID: 33609583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Factors increasing the risks for CVD development are related to obesity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and lifestyle. CVD risk factors may be treated with appropriate drugs, but prolonged can use cause undesirable side-effects. Among the natural products used in complementary and alternative medicines, are the β-ᴅ-glucans; biopolymers found in foods (cereals, mushrooms), and can easily be produced by microbial fermentation. Independent of source, β-glucans of the mixed-linked types [(1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-ᴅ-glucans - fungal, and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-ᴅ-glucans - cereal] have widely been studied because of their biological activities, and have demonstrated cardiovascular protective effects. In this review, we discuss the roles of β-ᴅ-glucans in various pathophysiological conditions that lead to CVDs including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, atherosclerosis and stroke. The β-glucans from all of the sources cited demonstrated potential hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesogenicity activities, reduced hypertension and ameliorated the atherosclerosis condition. More recently, β-glucans are recognized as possessing prebiotic properties that modulate the gut microbiome and impact on the health benefits including cardiovascular. Overall, all the studies investigated unequivocally demonstrated the dietary benefits of consuming β-glucans regardless of source, thus constituting a promising panaceutical approach to reduce CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Wouk
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Campus CEDETEG, CEP: 85040-167, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Câmpus Londrina, CEP: 86036-370 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eveline A I F Queiroz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, CEP: 78.557-267 Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos - EIRELI, Avenida João Miguel Caram 731, Lote 24(A), Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, CEP: 86036-700 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Murphy EJ, Rezoagli E, Major I, Rowan NJ, Laffey JG. β-Glucan Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties and Potential for Clinical Application. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E356. [PMID: 33322069 PMCID: PMC7770584 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are complex polysaccharides that are found in several plants and foods, including mushrooms. β-glucans display an array of potentially therapeutic properties. β-glucans have metabolic and gastro-intestinal effects, modulating the gut microbiome, altering lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing cholesterol, leading to their investigation as potential therapies for metabolic syndrome, obesity and diet regulation, gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel, and to reduce cardiovascular and diabetes risk. β-glucans also have immune-modulating effects, leading to their investigation as adjuvant agents for cancers (solid and haematological malignancies), for immune-mediated conditions (e.g., allergic rhinitis, respiratory infections), and to enhance wound healing. The therapeutic potential of β-glucans is evidenced by the fact that two glucan isolates were licensed as drugs in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980. Significant challenges exist to further clinical testing and translation of β-glucans. The diverse range of conditions for which β-glucans are in clinical testing underlines the incomplete understanding of the diverse mechanisms of action of β-glucans, a key knowledge gap. Furthermore, important differences appear to exist in the effects of apparently similar β-glucan preparations, which may be due to differences in sources and extraction procedures, another poorly understood issue. This review will describe the biology, potential mechanisms of action and key therapeutic targets being investigated in clinical trials of β-glucans and identify and discuss the key challenges to successful translation of this intriguing potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Murphy
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ian Major
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Neil J. Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (E.J.M.); (E.R.); (N.J.R.)
| | - John G. Laffey
- Lung Biology Group, Regenerative Medicine Institute at CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 CF50 Galway, Ireland
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
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24
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A R, Zhang M, Lu Y, Zhang H, Bai X. The structural studies of a polysaccharide purified from Oat Lao‐Chao. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong A
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot Inner Mongolia010018China
| | - Meili Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot Inner Mongolia010018China
| | - Yu Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot Inner Mongolia010018China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot Inner Mongolia010018China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot Inner Mongolia010018China
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25
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Mare R, Mazza E, Ferro Y, Gliozzi M, Nucera S, Paone S, Aversa I, Pujia R, Marafioti G, Musolino V, Mollace V, Montalcini T, Pujia A. A new breakfast brioche containing bergamot fiber prevents insulin and glucose increase in healthy volunteers: a pilot study. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2020; 46:214-225. [PMID: 32969628 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the abundance of studies on the beneficial effects of a fiber rich diet as well as polyphenols deriving from Citrus fruits on postprandial serum glucose and insulin, clinical evidence on their synergic effects on healthy subjects have never been published. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of a new dietary approach in controlling glucose and insulin response at breakfast time by testing a brioche enriched with wheat bran and bergamot fiber. METHODS We enrolled 11 healthy volunteers in a cross-over study. Participants consumed a classic brioche at breakfast and our functional brioche, containing wheat bran and bergamot fiber, on another day. Vital functions, biochemical parameters (including glucose and insulin), anthropometric measurements as well as resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation were evaluated before and after the intake of both meals. RESULTS The mean age was ~25 years. The mean BMI was 23.5 kg/m2. The consumption of the functional brioche reduced the glucose C<inf>max(0-120 min)</inf> by ~6% and prevented the insulin increase over time by 30%, finally demonstrating insulin C<inf>max(0-120 min)</inf> and iAUC<inf>(0-120 min)</inf> values significantly lower compared to classic brioche (respectively P value =0.04 and 0.03). The stepwise multivariable analysis confirmed the association between the consumption of the functional brioche containing bran and bergamot fiber and glucose C<inf>max(0-120 min)</inf> (B=-0.45; P=0.034), and insulin iAUC<inf>(0-120 min)</inf> (B=-764 P=0.036). CONCLUSIONS The association of wheat bran and bergamot fiber significantly influences glucose metabolism and may exert insulin-like effects on healthy volunteers. If confirmed, berga-brioche would be a useful tool in preventing diabetes and controlling the glycometabolic status of type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Mare
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Unit of Nutrition, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marafioti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Unit of Nutrition, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Campus of Germaneto, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Watanabe M, Risi R, Masi D, Caputi A, Balena A, Rossini G, Tuccinardi D, Mariani S, Basciani S, Manfrini S, Gnessi L, Lubrano C. Current Evidence to Propose Different Food Supplements for Weight Loss: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2873. [PMID: 32962190 PMCID: PMC7551574 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of food supplements for weight loss purposes has rapidly gained popularity as the prevalence of obesity increases. Navigating through the vast, often low quality, literature available is challenging, as is providing informed advice to those asking for it. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature revision focusing on most currently marketed dietary supplements claimed to favor weight loss, classifying them by their purported mechanism of action. We conclude by proposing a combination of supplements most supported by current evidence, that leverages all mechanisms of action possibly leading to a synergistic effect and greater weight loss in the foreseen absence of adverse events. Further studies will be needed to confirm the weight loss and metabolic improvement that may be obtained through the use of the proposed combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Renata Risi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Davide Masi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Alessandra Caputi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Angela Balena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Giovanni Rossini
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Mariani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Sabrina Basciani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.W.); (D.M.); (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.M.); (S.B.); (L.G.); (C.L.)
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Hamad SA, Mustafa AI, Magboul BI, Qasem AA, Mohamed Ahmed IA. Nutritional quality of raw and cooked flours of a high β-glucan sorghum inbred line. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Ullah S, Khalil AA, Shaukat F, Song Y. Sources, Extraction and Biomedical Properties of Polysaccharides. Foods 2019; 8:E304. [PMID: 31374889 PMCID: PMC6723881 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent era, bioactive compounds from plants have received great attention because of their vital health-related activities, such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant activity, anti-diabetic activity, UV protection, antiviral activity, hypoglycemia, etc. Previous studies have already shown that polysaccharides found in plants are not likely to be toxic. Based on these inspirational comments, most research focused on the isolation, identification, and bioactivities of polysaccharides. A large number of biologically active polysaccharides have been isolated with varying structural and biological activities. In this review, a comprehensive summary is provided of the recent developments in the physical and chemical properties as well as biological activities of polysaccharides from a number of important natural sources, such as wheat bran, orange peel, barely, fungi, algae, lichen, etc. This review also focused on biomedical applications of polysaccharides. The contents presented in this review will be useful as a reference for future research as well as for the extraction and application of these bioactive polysaccharides as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samee Ullah
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, Center for Functional Foods and Health, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Shaukat
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, Center for Functional Foods and Health, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, Center for Functional Foods and Health, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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29
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β-Glucan, a dietary fiber in effective prevention of lifestyle diseases – An insight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2019.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Impact of oat processing on glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy humans: a randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1264-1270. [PMID: 31068229 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oats can be processed in a variety of ways ranging from minimally processed such as steel-cut oats (SCO), to mildly processed such as large-flake oats (old fashioned oats, OFO), moderately processed such as instant oats (IO) or highly processed in ready-to-eat oat cereals such as Honey Nut Cheerios (HNC). Although processing is believed to increase glycaemic and insulinaemic responses, the effect of oat processing in these respects is unclear. Thus, we compared the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses elicited by 628 kJ portions of SCO, OFO, IO and HNC and a portion of Cream of Rice cereal (CR) containing the same amount of available-carbohydrate (23 g) as the oatmeals. Healthy males (n 18) and females (n 12) completed this randomised, cross-over trial. Blood was taken fasting and at intervals for 3 h following test-meal consumption. Glucose and insulin peak-rises and incremental AUC (iAUC) were subjected to repeated-measures ANOVA using Tukey's test (two-sided P<0·05) to compare individual means. Glucose peak-rise (primary endpoint, mean (sem) mmol/l) after OFO, 2·19 (sem 0·11), was significantly less than after CR, 2·61 (sem 0·13); and glucose peak-rise after SCO, 1·93 (sem 0·13), was significantly less than after CR, HNC, 2·49 (sem 0·13) and IO 2·47 (sem 0·13). Glucose iAUC was significantly lower after SCO than CR and HNC. Insulin peak rise was similar among the test meals, but insulin iAUC was significantly less after SCO than IO. Thus, the results show that oat processing affects glycaemic and insulinaemic responses with lower responses associated with less processing.
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31
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Melatonin-Mediated Regulation of Growth and Antioxidant Capacity in Salt-Tolerant Naked Oat under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051176. [PMID: 30866540 PMCID: PMC6429221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that has been demonstrated to play an important role in plant growth, development, and regulation of environmental stress responses. Studies have been conducted on the role of the exogenous application of MT in a few species, but the potential mechanisms of MT-mediated stress tolerance under salt stress are still largely unknown. In this study, naked oat seedlings under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) were pretreated with two different concentrations of MT (50 and 100 μM), and the effects of MT on the growth and antioxidant capacity of naked oat seedlings were analyzed to explore the regulatory effect of MT on salt tolerance. The results showed that pretreating with different concentrations of MT promoted the growth of seedlings in response to 150 mM NaCl. Different concentrations of MT reduced hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde contents. The exogenous application of MT also increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxide activities. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, leaf volume, and proline increased in the leaves of naked oat seedlings under 150 mM NaCl stress. MT upregulated the expression levels of the lipid peroxidase genes lipoxygenase and peroxygenase, a chlorophyll biosynthase gene (ChlG), the mitogen-activated protein kinase genes Asmap1 and Aspk11, and the transcription factor genes (except DREB2), NAC, WRKY1, WRKY3, and MYB in salt-exposed MT-pretreated seedlings when compared with seedlings exposed to salt stress alone. These results demonstrate an important role of MT in the relief of salt stress and, therefore, provide a reference for managing salinity in naked oat.
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Wu JR, Leu HB, Yin WH, Tseng WK, Wu YW, Lin TH, Yeh HI, Chang KC, Wang JH, Wu CC, Chen JW. The benefit of secondary prevention with oat fiber in reducing future cardiovascular event among CAD patients after coronary intervention. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3091. [PMID: 30816213 PMCID: PMC6395719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited information about the association between oat fiber intake and future cardiovascular events in CAD patients after coronary intervention for secondary prevention. This study enrolled 716 patients after coronary intervention in clinical stable status from the CAD cohort biosignature study. Patients were analyzed according to whether the presence of regular oat fiber intake during the follow-up period, and the association with endpoints including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and revascularization procedures were analyzed. The average follow-up period is 26.75 ± 8.11 months. Patients taking oat fiber were found to have lower serum levels of LDL, triglycerides, ratio of TC/HDL, as well as lower inflammatory markers values. After adjusting for confounders in the proportional hazard Cox model, oat fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of future revascularization (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.35–0.85; p = 0.007), and lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.88; p = 0.008), suggesting the association of oat fiber use and lower risk of future adverse event in CAD patients after coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ru Wu
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Heath Care and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kung Tseng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chung Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jane M, McKay J, Pal S. Effects of daily consumption of psyllium, oat bran and polyGlycopleX on obesity-related disease risk factors: A critical review. Nutrition 2019; 57:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Bozbulut R, Sanlier N. Promising effects of β-glucans on glyceamic control in diabetes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Kim SH, Kim KJ, Kang HJ, Son YJ, Choi SW, Lee MJ. The Dual Role of Oat Bran Water Extract in Bone Homeostasis Through the Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation. Molecules 2018; 23:E3119. [PMID: 30487443 PMCID: PMC6320902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with bone metabolic disorders including osteoporosis is increasing worldwide. These disorders often facilitate bone fractures, which seriously impact the patient's quality of life and could lead to further health complications. Bone homeostasis is tightly regulated to balance bone resorption and formation. However, many anti-osteoporotic agents are broadly categorized as either bone forming or anti-resorptive, and their therapeutic use is often limited due to unwanted side effects. Therefore, safe and effective therapeutic agents are needed for osteoporosis. This study aims to clarify the bone protecting effects of oat bran water extract (OBWE) and its mode of action. OBWE inhibited RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand)-induced osteoclast differentiation by blocking c-Fos/NFATc1 through the alteration of I-κB. Furthermore, we found that OBWE enhanced BMP-2-stimulated osteoblast differentiation by the induction of Runx2 via Smad signaling molecules. In addition, the anti-osteoporotic activity of OBWE was also evaluated using an in vivo model. OBWE significantly restored ovariectomy-induced bone loss. These in vitro and in vivo results showed that OBWE has the potential to prevent and treat bone metabolic disorders including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hye Kim
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Jung Kang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Sik-Won Choi
- Forest Biomaterials Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFS), Jinju, Gyeongnam 52817, Korea.
| | - Mi-Ja Lee
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea.
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Castro-Muñoz R, Conidi C, Cassano A. Membrane-based technologies for meeting the recovery of biologically active compounds from foods and their by-products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2927-2948. [PMID: 29787307 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1478796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, according to the latest literature inputs, membranes-based technologies (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration) have demonstrated to meet the recovery of biologically active compounds, mainly phenolic compounds and their derivatives, from agro-food products and by-products. The goal of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the on ongoing development works aimed at improving the separation, fractionation and concentration of phenolic compounds and their derivatives from their original sources. The literature data are analyzed and discussed in relation to separation processes, molecule properties, membrane characteristics and key factors affecting the performance of such technologies. Technological advances and improvements over conventional technologies, as well as critical aspects to be further investigated are highlighted and discussed. Finally, a critical outlook about the current status for a large-scale application and the role of these processes from an environmental viewpoint is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5, Prague 6 , Czech Republic.,Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria , Via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende ( CS ), Italy.,Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Carmela Conidi
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria , Via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende ( CS ), Italy
| | - Alfredo Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria , Via P. Bucci 17/C, Rende ( CS ), Italy
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37
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Baumgartner B, Özkaya B, Saka I, Özkaya H. Functional and physical properties of cookies enriched with dephytinized oat bran. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Wolever TMS, Jenkins AL, Prudence K, Johnson J, Duss R, Chu Y, Steinert RE. Effect of adding oat bran to instant oatmeal on glycaemic response in humans - a study to establish the minimum effective dose of oat β-glucan. Food Funct 2018; 9:1692-1700. [PMID: 29480316 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the glycaemic response to carbohydrate-containing foods may have desirable physiological effects for many people. Here, we aimed to determine the minimum amount of oat β-glucan from oat-bran which, when added to instant-oatmeal, would reduce the glycaemic response by 20% compared to a β-glucan-free cereal. Therefore, the glycaemic responses elicited by one serving (27 g) instant-oatmeal plus 247 g 2% milk (IO, 28 g available-carbohydrate, 1.2 g β-glucan) or IO plus 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 or 1.6 g oat β-glucan (OBG) from oat-bran, or an available-carbohydrate matched portion of cream of rice (CR) plus milk were measured over 2 h in n = 40 subjects using a randomized, cross-over design. The primary endpoint was incremental area under the curve (iAUC). The secondary endpoint was glucose peak-rise. The results showed that grams OBG consumed were significantly correlated with mean iAUC (p = 0.009) and with mean glucose peak-rise (p = 0.002). Each gram of OBG reduced iAUC by 7% and peak-rise by 15%. Thus, to achieve a ≥20% reduction in iAUC relative to CR, 1.6 g OBG had to be added to IO (74 ± 7 vs. 93 ± 6 mmol min L-1, p < 0.05), but, to achieve a 20% reduction in peak-rise, only 0.4 g OBG was required (2.00 ± 0.1 vs. 2.40 ± 0.1 mmol, p < 0.05). We conclude that adding OBG to IO flattened postprandial glycaemic responses in a dose-dependent fashion; 1.6 g OBG was required to reduce iAUC by ≥20% versus CR, but a 20% reduction in peak-rise required only 0.4 g. The greater effect of OGB on peak-rise than iAUC presumably reflects the way viscous dietary fibres modulate glucose absorption kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Prudence
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jodee Johnson
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL 60010, USA
| | - Ruedi Duss
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - YiFang Chu
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL 60010, USA
| | - Robert E Steinert
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Basel, Switzerland and Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Clinical and Physiological Perspectives of β-Glucans: The Past, Present, and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091906. [PMID: 28872611 PMCID: PMC5618555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are a group of biologically-active fibers or polysaccharides from natural sources with proven medical significance. β-Glucans are known to have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and immunomodulating activities. β-Glucans are natural bioactive compounds and can be taken orally, as a food supplement, or as part of a daily diet, and are considered safe to use. The medical significance and efficiency of β-glucans are confirmed in vitro, as well as using animal- and human-based clinical studies. However, systematic study on the clinical and physiological significance of β-glucans is scarce. In this review, we not only discuss the clinical and physiological importance of β-glucans, we also compare their biological activities through the existing in vitro and animal-based in vivo studies. This review provides extensive data on the clinical study of β-glucans.
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Özkaya H, Özkaya B, Duman B, Turksoy S. Effect of Dephytinization by Fermentation and Hydrothermal Autoclaving Treatments on the Antioxidant Activity, Dietary Fiber, and Phenolic Content of Oat Bran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5713-5719. [PMID: 28651042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation and hydrothermal methods were tested to reduce the phytic acid (PA) content of oat bran, and the effects of these methods on the dietary fiber (DF) and total phenolic (TP) contents as well as the antioxidant activity (AA) were also investigated. Fermentation with 6% yeast and for 6 h resulted in 88.2% reduction in PA content, while it only resulted in 32.5% reduction in the sample incubated for 6 h without yeast addition. The PA loss in autoclaved oat bran sample (1.5 h, pH 4.0) was 95.2% while it was 41.8% at most in the sample autoclaved without pH adjustment. In both methods, soluble, insoluble, and total DF contents of samples were remarkably higher than the control samples. Also for TP in the oat bran samples, both processes led to 17% and 39% increases, respectively, while AA values were 8% and 15%, respectively. Among all samples, the autoclaving process resulted in the lowest PA and the greatest amount of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Özkaya
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Ankara University , Golbasi Campus, Golbasi, Ankara TR-06830, Turkey
| | - B Özkaya
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Ankara University , Golbasi Campus, Golbasi, Ankara TR-06830, Turkey
| | - B Duman
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Ankara University , Golbasi Campus, Golbasi, Ankara TR-06830, Turkey
| | - S Turksoy
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Hitit University , Çorum TR-19030, Turkey
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Vitak T, Yurkiv B, Wasser S, Nevo E, Sybirna N. Effect of medicinal mushrooms on blood cells under conditions of diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:187-201. [PMID: 28572880 PMCID: PMC5437617 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i5.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the third most common non-infectious disease leading to early disability and high mortality. Moreover, the number of patients is growing every year. The main symptom of DM is hyperglycemia. Increased levels of blood glucose activate polyol, hexosamine, and protein kinase metabolic pathways cause the intensification of non-enzymatic glycosylation and nitration of macromolecules. This, in turn, leads to the development of oxidative and nitrative stresses and secondary complications, such as different kinds of micro- and macroangiopathies. Metabolic disorders caused by insulin deficiency in diabetes significantly impede the functioning of a homeostasis system, which change the physical, biochemical, morphological, and functional properties of blood cells. As a result, the oxygen-transport function of red blood cells (RBCs), rheological properties of the blood, and functions of immunocompetent cells as well as the process of apoptosis are primarily affected. Modern pharmacotherapy focuses on the search for new preparations that aim to decrease blood glucose levels. Undesirable side effects and adverse reactions caused by synthetic medicines led to the search and investigation of new preparations of natural origin. Medicinal mushrooms play an important role among such new preparations. They are a source of a large number of high- and low-molecular compounds with pronounced biological effects. Our investigations show pronounced hypoglycemic and anti-anemic action of submerged cultivated mycelium powder of medicinal mushrooms Agaricus brasiliensis (A. brasiliensis) and Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) on streptozotocin-induced DM in rats. Also, we showed that mycelium powders have membrane protective properties as evidenced by the redistribution of RBC populations towards the growth of full functional cell numbers. Normalization of parameters of leukocyte formula and suppression of apoptosis of white blood cells in diabetic rats treated with A. brasiliensis and G. lucidum mycelia indicates pronounced positive effects of these strains of mushrooms. Thus, the use of medicinal mushrooms for treatment of DM and in prevention development of its secondary complications might be a new effective approach of this disease's cure. This article is aimed at summarizing and analyzing the literature data and basic achievements concerning DM type 1 treatment using medicinal mushrooms and showing the results obtained in our research.
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Cheng Y, Zhang J, Luo K, Zhang G. Oat bran β-glucan improves glucose homeostasis in mice fed on a high-fat diet. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes of body weight (A) and food intake (B) of mice fed on different diets of low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF), HF + grain form β-glucan (HFGF), and HF + extracted β-glucan (HFEX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- PR China
| | - Kaiyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- PR China
| | - Genyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- PR China
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Pintado T, Herrero AM, Jiménez-Colmenero F, Ruiz-Capillas C. Emulsion gels as potential fat replacers delivering β-glucan and healthy lipid content for food applications. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:4336-4347. [PMID: 28115774 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oat emulsion gels and oil-free oat gels were formulated with varying proportions of oat bran/olive oil (from 12/40 to 28/0) without or with alginate or gelatin used as animal fat replacers and/or to provide β-glucan and MUFA for meat products. Composition, technological properties (thermal stability, colour, texture, etc.) and the effects of chilled and frozen storage of samples were evaluated. Depending on the proportion, samples developed for use as animal fat replacers in meat products may endow these with properties qualifying them for nutrition and health claims. No samples showed any noticeable syneresis and all showed good thermal stability. Increasing of oat bran/olive oil increased a* and reduced b* values, while differences in L* depended on the gelling agent. Penetration force (PF) and gel strength increased when the oat bran/oil ratio increased, with the highest values in the samples containing alginate or gelatin. Thermal losses and PF generally increased during chilled and frozen storage, and no significant differences were observed in colour or pH over storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pintado
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Herrero
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Jiménez-Colmenero
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Ruiz-Capillas
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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He LX, Zhao J, Huang YS, Li Y. The difference between oats and beta-glucan extract intake in the management of HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2016; 7:1413-28. [PMID: 26840185 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing oats and beta-glucan extract intake has been associated with improved glycemic control, which is associated with the reduction in the development of diabetes. This study aims to assess the different effects between oat (whole and bran) and beta-glucan extract intake on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. PubMed, Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched up to February 2014. We included randomized controlled trials with interventions that lasted at least four weeks that compared oats and beta-glucan (extracted from oats or other sources) intake with a control. A total of 1351 articles were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted from 18 studies (n = 1024). Oat product dose ranged from 20 g d(-1) to 136 g d(-1), and beta-glucan extract dose ranged from 3 g d(-1) to 10 g d(-1). Compared with the control, oat intake resulted in a greater decrease in fasting glucose and insulin of subjects (P < 0.05), but beta-glucan extract intake did not. Furthermore, oat intake resulted in a greater decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (P < 0.001, I(2) = 0%) and fasting glucose (P < 0.001, I(2) = 68%) after removing one study using a concentrate and a different design and fasting insulin of type 2 diabetes (T2D) (P < 0.001, I(2) = 0%). The intake of oats and beta-glucan extracted from oats were effective in decreasing fasting glucose (P = 0.007, I(2) = 91%) and fasting insulin of T2D (P < 0.001, I(2) = 0%) and tented to lower HbA1c (P = 0.09, I(2) = 92%). Higher consumption of whole oats and oat bran, but not oat or barley beta-glucan extracts, are associated with lower HbA1c, fasting glucose and fasting insulin of T2D, hyperlipidaemic and overweight subjects, especially people with T2D, which supports the need for clinical trials to evaluate the potential role of oats in approaching to the management of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity of diabetes or metabolic syndrome subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-xia He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-sheng Huang
- Department of Empidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Moreira-Rosário A, Pinheiro H, Calhau C, Azevedo LF. Can wheat germ have a beneficial effect on human health? A study protocol for a randomised crossover controlled trial to evaluate its health effects. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e013098. [PMID: 28157671 PMCID: PMC5129044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and diet is an important contributor to CVD risk. Thus, several food derivatives are being investigated for their beneficial impact on reducing cardiometabolic risk factors, either in risk groups or in healthy population as a preventive measure. Wheat germ is a food by-product with high nutritional value, especially as a concentrated source of dietary fibre and essential fatty acids, but its incorporation into the diet has been rare up to now. Previous studies do not clarify the hypothesised potential causal relationship between the consumption of wheat germ and benefits for human health. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We are conducting a randomised, double-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to assess the physiological effects of daily consumption of wheat germ-enriched bread (containing 6 g of wheat germ) compared with non-enriched bread, over a 4-week period with a 15-week follow-up, in a healthy human population. A total of 55 participants (healthy volunteers, aged 18-60) have been recruited from the Porto metropolitan area in northern Portugal. Our aim is to evaluate the health effects of wheat germ on blood cholesterol and triglycerides, postprandial glycaemic response, gastrointestinal function and discomfort, and changes in intestinal microbiota and insulin resistance as secondary outcomes. The study follows the best practices for evaluating health claims in food according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) scientific opinion, namely random allocation, double blinding, reporting methods to measure and maximise compliance, and validated outcomes with beneficial physiological effects as recommended by EFSA. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Health Ethics Committee of São João Hospital Centre (156-15) and the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (PCEDCSS-FMUP07/2015). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02405507; pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Moreira-Rosário
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Health Information and Decision Sciences (CIDES), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Pinheiro
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe Azevedo
- Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Health Information and Decision Sciences (CIDES), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Fan R, Xu M, Wang J, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Li Y, Gu J, Cai X, Guo Q, Bao L, Li Y. Sustaining Effect of Intensive Nutritional Intervention Combined with Health Education on Dietary Behavior and Plasma Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090560. [PMID: 27649232 PMCID: PMC5037545 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is very common in elderly Chinese individuals. Although nutritional intervention can provide a balanced diet, the sustaining effect on at-home dietary behavior and long-term plasma glucose control is not clear. Consequently, we conducted a long-term survey following one month of experiential nutritional intervention combined with health education. Based on the Dietary Guidelines for a Chinese Resident, we found that the food items met the recommended values, the percentages of energy provided from fat, protein, and carbohydrate were more reasonable after one year. The newly formed dietary patterns were “Healthy”, “Monotonous”, “Vegetarian”, “Japanese”, “Low energy”, and “Traditional” diets. The 2h-PG of female participants as well as those favoring the “Japanese diet” decreased above 12 mmol/L. Participants who selected “Japanese” and “Healthy” diets showed an obvious reduction in FPG while the FPG of participants from Group A declined slightly. “Japanese” and “Healthy” diets also obtained the highest DDP scores, and thus can be considered suitable for T2DM treatment in China. The results of the newly formed dietary patterns, “Japanese” and “Healthy” diets, confirmed the profound efficacy of nutritional intervention combined with health education for improving dietary behavior and glycemic control although health education played a more important role. The present study is encouraging with regard to further exploration of comprehensive diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaxia Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Qianying Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Mottalib A, Mohd-Yusof BN, Shehabeldin M, Pober DM, Mitri J, Hamdy O. Impact of Diabetes-Specific Nutritional Formulas versus Oatmeal on Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, GLP-1 and Postprandial Lipidemia. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070443. [PMID: 27455318 PMCID: PMC4963919 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-specific nutritional formulas (DSNFs) are frequently used as part of medical nutrition therapy for patients with diabetes. This study aims to evaluate postprandial (PP) effects of 2 DSNFs; Glucerna (GL) and Ultra Glucose Control (UGC) versus oatmeal (OM) on glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG). After an overnight fast, 22 overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes were given 200 kcal of each of the three meals on three separate days in random order. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Glucose area under the curve (AUC0–240) after GL and UGC was lower than OM (p < 0.001 for both). Insulin positive AUC0–120 after UGC was higher than after OM (p = 0.02). GLP-1 AUC0–120 and AUC0–240 after GL and UGC was higher than after OM (p < 0.001 for both). FFA and TG levels were not different between meals. Intake of DSNFs improves PP glucose for 4 h in comparison to oatmeal of similar caloric level. This is achieved by either direct stimulation of insulin secretion or indirectly by stimulating GLP-1 secretion. The difference between their effects is probably related to their unique blends of amino acids, carbohydrates and fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barakatun-Nisak Mohd-Yusof
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | - Osama Hamdy
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Gao Y, Wang L, Qiu J, Bai G, Li Z. Effects of Different Lipase Inactivation Treatments on Physicochemical Properties of Naked Oat Globulins. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-06-15-0129-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, 100083, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, P.O. Box 5109, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangling Bai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, 100083, China
| | - Zaigui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, 100083, China
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Tong LT, Guo L, Zhou X, Qiu J, Liu L, Zhong K, Zhou S. Effects of dietary oat proteins on cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolaemic hamsters. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1396-1401. [PMID: 25913820 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of present study was to investigate the hypocholesterolaemic effects of oat proteins (OP) in hamsters fed with a hypercholesterolaemic diet. The hamsters were divided into five groups and fed with the experimental diets containing oat, OP, oat β-glucan (OG), or OP+OG for 30 days. RESULTS OP and the OG significantly lowered the concentrations of plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol (TC), and increased the excretion of faecal bile acid and TC. Plasma and liver TC in the OP+OG group were significantly lower than those in the OP or OG groups. Both OP and OG increased the activity of liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), while its activity in the OP+OG group was strongly increased compared with the OP or OG groups. CONCLUSION These results indicated that dietary OP could improve hypercholesterolaemia, while dietary OP and OG together would have better hypocholesterolaemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Tong
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lina Guo
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- China Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Zhong
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- China Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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Manios Y, Moschonis G, Mavrogianni C, Tsoutsoulopoulou K, Kogkas S, Lambrinou CP, Efstathopoulou E. Postprandial glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after consumption of ready-to-eat mixed meals. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1359-1367. [PMID: 26919992 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of three ready-to-eat mixed meals, with a high fiber content and low glycemic index, on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The current study followed a prospective, three-way, cross-over design. Twenty-four patients with T2DM consumed three ready-to-eat mixed meals, i.e., "wild greens pie" (meal 1), "chicken burgers with boiled vegetables" (meal 2) and "vegetable moussaka" (meal 3) and an oral glucose load, all providing 50 g of carbohydrates. Venous blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min postprandial. Statistical analyses included repeated measures analysis of variance and calculations of the area under the glucose and insulin curves (AUC) for each one of the test meals and the oral glucose load. RESULTS Patients consuming each one of the three mixed meals showed better postprandial glycemic responses compared to the oral glucose load (P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients consuming meal 3 showed a better insulinemic response compared to the oral glucose load and meal 1, after 60 and 120 min postprandial, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, the increase observed in HOMA-IR values from T0 to T120 was significantly lower for meal 3, compared to the oral glucose load (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The three ready-to-eat mixed meals examined in the present study were found to elicit significantly lower glycemic responses compared to the oral glucose load in diabetic patients. The mixed meals examined in the present study could be proposed as effective, palatable and practical solutions for diabetics for glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.,Envinhealth S.A., Vasilissis Sofias 22, 15124, Marousi, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tsoutsoulopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Kogkas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Paulina Lambrinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Efstathopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70, El.Venizelou Avenue, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
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