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Consumption of oils and anthocyanins may positively modulate PPAR-γ expression in chronic non-communicable diseases: a systematic review. Nutr Res 2022; 105:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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de Almeida GM, Scola RH, Ducci RDP, Cirino RHD, Cláudia SKK, Lorenzoni PJ, Lima PHS, de Oliveira LP, Werneck LC. Does oral salbutamol improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis? A pilot placebo-controlled study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102586. [PMID: 33296982 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because MS-related fatigue could be associated with enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production, drugs with immunomodulatories properties, such as salbutamol, may represent an alternative treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of salbutamol on MS-related fatigue. METHODS Thirty patients with relapsing-remitting MS who were between 18 and 69 years old, and suffering from fatigue, were evaluated with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Brazilian version of the neurological fatigue index for multiple sclerosis (NFI/MS-BR). They received salbutamol 2 mg twice a day or a placebo in a pilot randomized, double-masked placebo-controlled trial. The primary outcome was the change in the FSS score at the end of 90 days. The secondary outcome was the efficacy, represented by changes in their scores on the NFI/MS-BR subdomains (in the same period) and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at the end of 90 days. RESULTS Thirty subjects were allocated to receive either salbutamol (14) or a placebo (16). There was no superiority of salbutamol over the placebo in the FSS outcome at 30 (p ==0.498), 60 (p = 0.854) and 90 (p = 0.240) days. There was no a significant decrease in the proportion of patients with severe or moderate fatigue in the salbutamol group at the end of the follow-up. The scores on the NFI/MS-BR and its subscales did not improve significantly with treatment. No significant difference was observed in the EDSS outcome (p = 0.313). No serious adverse events were found. An increase in heart rate was evident in the salbutamol group only in the first 30 days, but without statistical significance in relation to placebo (p = 0.077). CONCLUSION Treatment with salbutamol does not improve fatigue in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo M de Almeida
- Demyelinating and Neuromuscular Disorders Service, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street 181, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Rosana H Scola
- Demyelinating and Neuromuscular Disorders Service, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street 181, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil.
| | - Renata D P Ducci
- Demyelinating and Neuromuscular Disorders Service, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street 181, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael H D Cirino
- Cardiology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - S K Kay Cláudia
- Demyelinating and Neuromuscular Disorders Service, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street 181, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo J Lorenzoni
- Demyelinating and Neuromuscular Disorders Service, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street 181, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Lima
- Demyelinating and Neuromuscular Disorders Service, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street 181, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Lívia P de Oliveira
- Demyelinating and Neuromuscular Disorders Service, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street 181, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
| | - Lineu C Werneck
- Demyelinating and Neuromuscular Disorders Service, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), General Carneiro Street 181, Curitiba, PR 80060-900, Brazil
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Romani A, Campo M, Urciuoli S, Marrone G, Noce A, Bernini R. An Industrial and Sustainable Platform for the Production of Bioactive Micronized Powders and Extracts Enriched in Polyphenols From Olea europaea L. and Vitis vinifera L. Wastes. Front Nutr 2020; 7:120. [PMID: 32974376 PMCID: PMC7473407 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, literature data have reported that health status is related to the consumption of foods rich in polyphenols, bioactive compounds found in the plant world, in particular in vegetables and fruit. These pieces of scientific evidence have led to an increase in the demand for functional foods and drinks enriched in polyphenols, so that plant materials are more and more requested. The availability of food and agricultural wastes has adverse effects on the economy, environment, and human health. On the other hand, these materials are a precious source of bioactive compounds as polyphenols. Their recovery and reuse from wastes are according to the circular economy strategy, which has introduced the “zero waste concept.” However, the process is convenient from an economic and environmental point of view only if the final products are standardized and obtained using sustainable and industrial technologies. In this panorama, this paper describes an industrial and sustainable platform for the production of micronized powders and extracts enriched in polyphenols from Olea europaea L. and Vitis vinifera L. wastes that are useful for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals sectors. The platform is based on drying plant materials, extraction of polyphenols through membrane technologies with water, and, when necessary, the concentration of the final fractions under vacuum evaporation. All powders and extracts were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–mass spectrometry analysis to define the qualitative and quantitative content of bioactive compounds and insure their standardization and reproducibility. The chromatographic profiles evidenced the presence of secoiridoids, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, catechins, and condensed tannins. An overview of the biological activities of the main polyphenols present in Olea europaea L. and Vitis vinifera L. powders and extracts is reported because of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Margherita Campo
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis), DiSIA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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4
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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5
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Lozano-Castellón J, López-Yerena A, Rinaldi de Alvarenga JF, Romero Del Castillo-Alba J, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Escribano-Ferrer E, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Health-promoting properties of oleocanthal and oleacein: Two secoiridoids from extra-virgin olive oil. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2532-2548. [PMID: 31423808 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1650715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols, including the secoiridoids oleocanthal (OLC) and oleacein (OLE), are attracting attention because of their beneficial effects on health. Data on OLC and OLE bioavailability are scarce, as most research on EVOO polyphenols has concentrated on hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein. Consequently, relevant goals for future research are the elucidation of OLC and OLE bioavailability and finding evidence for their beneficial effects through pre-clinical and clinical studies. The aim of this review is to shed light on OLC and OLE, focusing on their precursors in the olive fruit and the impact of agronomic and processing factors on their presence in EVOO. Also discussed are their bioavailability and absorption, and finally, their bioactivity and health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Lozano-Castellón
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anallely López-Yerena
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Fernando Rinaldi de Alvarenga
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Romero Del Castillo-Alba
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Romani A, Ieri F, Urciuoli S, Noce A, Marrone G, Nediani C, Bernini R. Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds Found in Extra-Virgin Olive Oil, By-Products, and Leaf of Olea europaea L. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081776. [PMID: 31374907 PMCID: PMC6724211 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Olea europaea L. fruit is a peculiar vegetal matrix containing high levels of fatty acids (98–99% of the total weight of extra-virgin olive oil, EVOO) and low quantities (1–2%) of phenolics, phytosterols, tocopherols, and squalene. Among these minor components, phenolics are relevant molecules for human health. This review is focused on their beneficial activity, in particular of hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleuropein (OLE), oleocanthal (OLC), and lignans found in EVOO, olive oil by-products and leaves. Specifically, the cardioprotective properties of the Mediterranean diet (MD) related to olive oil consumption, and the biological activities of polyphenols recovered from olive oil by-products and leaves were described. Recent European projects such as EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) and EPICOR (long-term follow-up of antithrombotic management patterns in acute coronary syndrome patients) have demonstrated the functional and preventive activities of EVOO showing the relation both between cancer and nutrition and between consumption of EVOO, vegetables, and fruit and the incidence of coronary heart disease. The data reported in this review demonstrate that EVOO, one of the pillars of the MD, is the main product of Olea europaea L. fruits; leaves and by-products are secondary but precious products from which bioactive compounds can be recovered by green technologies and reused for food, agronomic, nutraceutical, and biomedical applications according to the circular economy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ieri
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Urciuoli
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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7
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Aparicio-Soto M, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Rosillo MÁ, Castejón ML, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Extra virgin olive oil: a key functional food for prevention of immune-inflammatory diseases. Food Funct 2018; 7:4492-4505. [PMID: 27783083 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01094f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is clear that an unhealthy diet is one of the prime factors that contributes to the rise of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity in the populations of both developed and developing countries. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with a reduced incidence of certain pathologies related to chronic inflammation and the immune system. Olive oil, the principal source of dietary lipids of the Mediterranean diet, possesses a high nutritional quality and a particular composition, which is especially relevant in the case of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). EVOO is obtained from olives solely by mechanical or other physical preparation methods, under conditions that do not alter the natural composition. EVOO is described as a key bioactive food with multiple beneficial properties and it may be effective in the management of some immune-inflammatory diseases. In this review, the key research is summarised which provides evidence of the beneficial effects of EVOO and its minor components focusing on their mechanisms on immune-inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease and sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ma Ángeles Rosillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ma Luisa Castejón
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Catalina Alarcón-de-la-Lastra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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8
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Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum levels of T-helper cytokines in children with asthma. Cytokine 2016; 85:61-6. [PMID: 27288633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a considerable interest in the potential therapeutic value of dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids in patients with asthma. OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study was designed to identify the effect of ω-3 fatty acids on symptom score, pulmonary function and serum T-helper cytokine concentrations in children with mild to moderate persistent asthma. METHODS A total of 39 patients among 50 volunteers completed this 3-month study. They took a soft gel capsule containing 180mg EPA and 120mg DHA daily. Pulmonary function was evaluated in 28 eligible patients by spirometry, and serum levels of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22 cytokines were measured by multiplex cytometric bead assay before and after treatment. RESULTS After treatment with ω-3, symptom score improved in 28 (72%) patients. The results of spirometry showed remarkable improvement in FEV1/FVC (P=0.044) and PEF (P<0.0001) after treatment, but considering a cut-off of 80%, real improvement was observed in 32% of patients with PEF<80% which raised above the cut-off after ω-3 treatment (P=0.004) whereas, FEV1/FVC changes were above the cut-off value in 89% of the patients. After treatment, IL-17A and TNF-α levels decreased significantly (both P=0.049). CONCLUSION Oral administration of natural anti-inflammatory products such as ω-3 is a promising complementary approach to managing asthma.
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9
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Adhami HR, Zehl M, Dangl C, Dorfmeister D, Stadler M, Urban E, Hewitson P, Ignatova S, Krenn L. Preparative isolation of oleocanthal, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol from olive oil by HPCCC. Food Chem 2014; 170:154-9. [PMID: 25306330 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the provision of oleocanthal (OLC), a phenolic compound with very promising pharmacological properties, isolation from olive oil is a very important option. Due to the compound's sensitivity to decomposition upon exposure to oxygen and light, a very gentle isolation method has been developed under use of high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). By partition of olive oil between hexane and methanol, an extract enriched in phenolics was prepared and subjected to a two-step HPCCC separation under use of heptane-EtOAc-MeOH-H2O mixtures in normal-phase and reverse phase mode, respectively. With this method, the isolation of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and the mixture of (3S,4E)- and (3S,4Z)-OLC was achieved in approx. 70 min for each step. By one- and two-dimensional NMR-experiments and LC-MS, the equilibrium of (3S,4E)- and (3S,4Z)-OLC in such olive oil extracts has unambiguously been proven for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Dangl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marco Stadler
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Hewitson
- Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Svetlana Ignatova
- Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Caballero AI, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Risk: Beyond Traditional Risk Factors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:788-801. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.726660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Zhao B, Ma Y, Xu Z, Wang J, Wang F, Wang D, Pan S, Wu Y, Pan H, Xu D, Liu L, Jiang H. Hydroxytyrosol, a natural molecule from olive oil, suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inactivating AKT and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Camargo A, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Haro C, Meza-Miranda ER, Peña-Orihuela P, Meneses ME, Marin C, Yubero-Serrano EM, Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Fernandez-Real JM, Luque de Castro MD, Tinahones FJ, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F. Olive oil phenolic compounds decrease the postprandial inflammatory response by reducing postprandial plasma lipopolysaccharide levels. Food Chem 2014; 162:161-71. [PMID: 24874372 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular mechanisms by which phenolic compounds (phenols) in virgin olive oil reduce the postprandial inflammatory response with the aim of identifying the transcription factor involved and the downstream effects. Olive oil-based breakfasts prepared with virgin olive oil (VOO) with high (398 ppm), intermediate (149 ppm) and low (70 ppm) phenol content were administered to 49 metabolic syndrome patients following a randomized crossover design. The consumption of a high-phenol VOO-based breakfast limited the increase of lipopolysaccharide plasma levels, TLR4, and SOCS3 proteins (p<0.001, p=0.041 and p=0.008, respectively), the activation of NF-κB (p=0.016) and the IL6 (p=0.007 and p=0.048, low and intermediate oil, respectively), IL1B (p=0.002, intermediate oil), and CXCL1 (p=0.001) postprandial gene expression, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as compared with the consumption of a breakfast prepared with the same oil but with low or intermediate phenol content. Virgin olive oil phenolic compounds reduce the postprandial inflammatory response in association with postprandial plasma lipopolysaccharide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Carmen Haro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Eliana Romina Meza-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Patricia Peña-Orihuela
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Maria Eugenia Meneses
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Carmen Marin
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Elena Maria Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IDIBGI), Gerona, Spain
| | - M Dolores Luque de Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Jose Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Alessandri S, Ieri F, Romani A. Minor polar compounds in extra virgin olive oil: correlation between HPLC-DAD-MS and the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:826-835. [PMID: 24405086 DOI: 10.1021/jf403104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Minor polar compounds of 88 extra virgin olive oils were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry) and by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) spectrophotometric method, to validate and evaluate, for olive oils, the linear association between FC and HPLC data. The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between HPLC and FC results. The highest, positive R were related with deacetoxyoleuropein aglycone (R = 0.93) and oleuropein aglycone (R = 0.93) as single compounds and with the sum of orthodiphenols (R = 0.94) and the sum of all compounds (R = 0.95), showing that both estimations of total phenols content are reliably correlated, regardless for the absolute contents and are independent of the relative composition of the phenolic fraction. On the other hand the HPLC quantifications of apigenin and lignans showed no significant correlation with FC. These results, supported also by principal component analysis, may suggest caution about the interpretation of FC results to compare olive oils with very different phenolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alessandri
- Department of Statistic, Informatics and Applications ″G. Parenti″ (DiSIA), University of Florence , Viale Morgagni, 59 - 50134 Firenze (FI), Italy
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14
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Cárdeno A, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Aparicio-Soto M, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Extra virgin olive oil polyphenolic extracts downregulate inflammatory responses in LPS-activated murine peritoneal macrophages suppressing NFκB and MAPK signalling pathways. Food Funct 2014; 5:1270-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is obtained from the fruit of the olive treeOlea europaeaL. Phenolic compounds present in EVOO have recognized anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cárdeno
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Seville
- 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - M. Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Seville
- 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - M. Aparicio-Soto
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Seville
- 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - S. Sánchez-Fidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Seville
- 41012 Seville, Spain
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15
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Sánchez-Quesada C, López-Biedma A, Warleta F, Campos M, Beltrán G, Gaforio JJ. Bioactive properties of the main triterpenes found in olives, virgin olive oil, and leaves of Olea europaea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12173-82. [PMID: 24279741 DOI: 10.1021/jf403154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, uvaol, and erythrodiol are the main triterpenes present in olives, olive tree leaves, and virgin olive oil. Their concentration in virgin olive oil depends on the quality of the olive oil and the variety of the olive tree. These triterpenes are described to present different properties, such as antitumoral activity, cardioprotective activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and antioxidant protection. Olive oil triterpenes are a natural source of antioxidants that could be useful compounds for the prevention of multiple diseases related to cell oxidative damage. However, special attention has to be paid to the concentrations used, because higher concentration may lead to cytotoxic or biphasic effects. This work explores all of the bioactive properties so far described for the main triterpenes present in virgin olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-Quesada
- Immunology Division, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén , Campus las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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16
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Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Cárdeno A, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Aparicio-Soto M, de la Lastra CA. Dietary extra virgin olive oil polyphenols supplementation modulates DSS-induced chronic colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1401-13. [PMID: 23337347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the protective effect of dietary extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenol extract (PE) supplementation in the inflammatory response associated to chronic colitis model. Six-week-old mice were randomized in four dietary groups: standard diet (SD), EVOO diet and both enriched with PE (850 ppm) (SD+PE and EVOO+PE). After 30 days, animals that were exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (3%) followed by 3 weeks of drinking water developed chronic colitis, which was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI) and histology. Cell proliferation was analyzed by immunohistochemical and changes in monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Colonic expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), IκBα inhibitory and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were determined by western blotting. SD-DSS group showed a significant increase of DAI, histological damage and cell proliferation, as well as an up-regulation of TNF-α, MCP-1, COX-2 and iNOS proteins. p38 and JNK MAPKs phosphorylation, IκBα degradation and PPARγ deactivation were also observed. However, in DSS-treated and EVOO+PE-fed mice, DAI and cell proliferation were significantly reduced, as well as MCP-1, TNF-α, COX-2 and iNOS expression levels. In addition, this dietary group, notably down-regulated JNK phosphorylation, prevented IκBα degradation and PPARγ deactivation. These results demonstrated, for the first time, that EVOO-PE supplementation possessed marked protective effects on experimental colitis through PPARγ up-regulation and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B and MAPK signaling pathway inhibition, decreasing the inflammatory cascade. We concluded that PE-enriched EVOO diet could be a beneficial functional food on ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sánchez-Fidalgo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
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17
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Wergeland S, Torkildsen Ø, Bø L, Myhr KM. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in multiple sclerosis therapy. Acta Neurol Scand 2012:70-5. [PMID: 23278660 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from epidemiological and uncontrolled intervention studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest a beneficial disease-modifying effect of increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). OBJECTIVE To review the current evidence from animal studies and randomised controlled trials on the therapeutic effect of PUFAs in MS. METHODS We searched PubMed and Medline for articles using the terms 'polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'eicosapentaenoic acid', 'docosahexaenoic acid', 'linoleic acid', 'linolenic acid', 'omega-3' and 'omega-6' combined with 'multiple sclerosis', 'randomised controlled trials', 'animal models', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis' and 'cuprizone'. The abstracts of retrieved citations were reviewed and checked for relevant content. RESULTS There was some evidence from animal model studies indicating an effect of ω-6 PUFAs, while the results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) indicated that the ω-6 PUFAs linoleic acid or γ-linolenic acid have no beneficial effects on clinical disease activity in MS. However, the identified studies had several limitations in design with a mixture of relapsing-remitting and progressive MS patients. No studies investigated ω-6 efficacy on MRI disease activity. For ω-3 PUFAs, there was conflicting results from animal studies. RCTs show no beneficial treatment effect of the ω-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on MRI or clinical disease activity in MS. CONCLUSION Randomised controlled trials of PUFA intervention provide no evidence of beneficial effects from ω-3 or ω-6 PUFAs on relapse rate, disability progression or MRI disease activity in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wergeland
- Department of Neurology, Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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18
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Caramia G, Gori A, Valli E, Cerretani L. Virgin olive oil in preventive medicine: From legend to epigenetics. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Monti MC, Margarucci L, Tosco A, Riccio R, Casapullo A. New insights on the interaction mechanism between tau protein and oleocanthal, an extra-virgin olive-oil bioactive component. Food Funct 2011; 2:423-8. [PMID: 21894330 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10064e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oleocanthal (OLC) is a phenolic component of extra-virgin olive oil, recently supposed to be involved in the modulation of some human diseases, such as inflammation and Alzheimer. In particular, OLC has been shown to abrogate fibrillization of tau protein, one of the main causes of Alzheimer neurodegeneration. A recent interpretation of this mechanism has been attempted on the basis of OLC reactivity with the fibrillogenic tau hexapeptide VQIVYK and SDS-PAGE of OLC/tau incubation mixtures, suggesting that covalent modification events modulate tau fibrillization. In this paper we report a detailed mass spectrometric investigation of the OLC reactive profile with both tau protein fibrillogenic fragment K18 and propylamine in biomimetic conditions. We show that K18 is prone to be covalently modified by OLC through Schiff base formation between the ε-amino group of lysine residues and OLC aldehyde carbonyls. Moreover, as expected from its de-structured conformation, K18 shows a non-selective modification profile, reacting with several lysine residues to give cyclic pyridinium-like stable adducts. These data give new insights on the mechanism of inhibition of tau fibrillization mediated by OLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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21
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Dopierala K, Javadi A, Krägel J, Schano KH, Kalogianni E, Leser M, Miller R. Dynamic interfacial tensions of dietary oils. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Marino M, Masella R, Bulzomi P, Campesi I, Malorni W, Franconi F. Nutrition and human health from a sex-gender perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:1-70. [PMID: 21356234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health, and the interaction between nutrition and health has been known for centuries. The recent literature has suggested that nutrition could differently influence the health of male and female individuals. Until the last decade of the 20th century, research on women has been neglected, and the results obtained in men have been directly translated to women in both the medicine and nutrition fields. Consequently, most modern guidelines are based on studies predominantly conducted on men. However, there are many sex-gender differences that are the result of multifactorial inputs, including gene repertoires, sex steroid hormones, and environmental factors (e.g., food components). The effects of these different inputs in male and female physiology will be different in different periods of ontogenetic development as well as during pregnancy and the ovarian cycle in females, which are also age dependent. As a result, different strategies have evolved to maintain male and female body homeostasis, which, in turn, implies that there are important differences in the bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, and elimination of foods and beverages in males and females. This article will review some of these differences underlying the impact of food components on the risk of developing diseases from a sex-gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marino
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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23
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Targeting inflammatory pathways by triterpenoids for prevention and treatment of cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2428-66. [PMID: 22069560 PMCID: PMC3153165 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine and diet has served mankind through the ages for prevention and treatment of most chronic diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that chronic inflammation mediates most chronic diseases, including cancer. More than other transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and STAT3 have emerged as major regulators of inflammation, cellular transformation, and tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Thus, agents that can inhibit NF-κB and STAT3 activation pathways have the potential to both prevent and treat cancer. In this review, we examine the potential of one group of compounds called triterpenes, derived from traditional medicine and diet for their ability to suppress inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis. These triterpenes include avicins, betulinic acid, boswellic acid, celastrol, diosgenin, madecassic acid, maslinic acid, momordin, saikosaponins, platycodon, pristimerin, ursolic acid, and withanolide. This review thus supports the famous adage of Hippocrates, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”.
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24
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Cytokines release inhibition from activated monocytes, and reduction of in-stent neointimal growth in humans. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Dell'Agli M, Fagnani R, Galli GV, Maschi O, Gilardi F, Bellosta S, Crestani M, Bosisio E, De Fabiani E, Caruso D. Olive oil phenols modulate the expression of metalloproteinase 9 in THP-1 cells by acting on nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2246-2252. [PMID: 20102205 DOI: 10.1021/jf9042503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In vivo studies suggest that the phenolic component contributes to the anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic actions of olive oil; however, the effects in circulating cells are not fully characterized. Monocytes play a key role in inflammation-based diseases by expressing several molecules, including metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the present study, we investigated the effects of olive oil phenolic extract and individual compounds on MMP-9 in THP-1 cells, a human monocyte-like cell line. Olive oil extract prevented the stimulation of MMP-9 expression and secretion in tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated THP-1 cells. Oleuropein aglycone, a typical olive oil phenol, was active at concentrations found in the extract, although other compounds probably contribute to the biological activity. We also found that the effect of the extract and individual compounds on MMP-9 is due to impaired nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. Our findings provide further evidence on the mechanisms by which olive oil reduces the inflammatory burden associated with disorders, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dell'Agli
- Research Centre for the Characterization and Safe Use of Natural Compounds-Giovanni Galli, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi J Kemper
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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27
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Kariyazono H, Nakamura K. Pleiotropic Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Involvement in Chronic Mild Inflammation-related Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kariyazono
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University
| | - Kazuo Nakamura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Nihon Pharmaceutical University
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28
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Mehta LR, Dworkin RH, Schwid SR. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their potential therapeutic role in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:82-92. [PMID: 19194388 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Considerable interest has been shown in the potential anti-inflammatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune inflammatory disorders. Studies suggest a modest association between consumption of low levels of unsaturated fat and an increased incidence of MS. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA supplementation can reduce immune-cell activation via a number of complex pathways. Noncontrolled and controlled clinical trials of PUFA supplementation in patients with MS have, however, provided mixed results. These studies had important limitations in design and selection of outcome measures, and these factors might partially explain the inconsistent results. We propose that the potential role of PUFAs as disease-modifying, anti-inflammatory treatments for MS should be revisited in proof-of-concept trials that use accepted MRI outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahar R Mehta
- Neuroimmunology Unit, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 605, Rochester, NY 14586, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil, the primary source of oil in the Mediterranean diet, differs significantly in composition from dietary lipids that are consumed by other populations. The several minor constituents of virgin olive oil include vitamins such as alpha-and gamma-tocopherols (around 200 ppm) and beta-carotene, phytosterols, pigments, terpenic acids, flavonoids, squalene, and a number of phenolic compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol, usually grouped under the rubric “polyphenols”. The antioxidant and enzyme-modulating activities of extra virgin olive oil phenolics, such as their ability to inhibit NF-kB activation in human monocyte/macrophages has been demonstrated in vitro. There is also solid evidence that extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds are absorbed and their human metabolism has been elucidated. Several activities that might be associated with cardiovascular protection, such as inhibition of platelet aggregation and reduction of plasma rHcy have been demonstrated in vivo. The biologically relevant properties of olive phenolics are described, although further investigations in controlled clinical trials are needed to support the hypothesis that virgin olive oil consumption may contribute to lower cardiovascular mortality.
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30
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Cornwell DG, Ma J. Nutritional benefit of olive oil: the biological effects of hydroxytyrosol and its arylating quinone adducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8774-8786. [PMID: 18783241 DOI: 10.1021/jf8015877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil is the essential component of the Mediterranean diet, a nutritional regimen gaining ever-increasing renown for its beneficial effects on inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A unique characteristic of olive oil is its enrichment in oleuropein, a member of the secoiridoid family, which hydrolyzes to the catechol hydroxytyrosol and functions as a hydrophilic phenolic antioxidant that is oxidized to its catechol quinone during redox cycling. Little effort has been spent on exploring the biological properties of the catechol hydroxytyrosol quinone, a strong arylating electrophile that forms Michael adducts with thiol nucleophiles in glutathione and proteins. This study compares the chemical and biological characteristics of hydroxytyrosol with those of the tocopherol family in which Michael adducts of arylating desmethyltocopherol quinones have been identified and correlated with biologic properties including cytotoxicity and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is noted that hydroxytyrosol and desmethyltocopherols share many similarities, suggesting that Michael adduct formation by an arylating quinone electrophile may contribute to the biological properties of both families, including the unique nutritional benefit of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Cornwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Minich
- Functional Medicine Research Center, MetaProteomics, LLC, Gig Harbor, Washington 98332, USA.
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