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Kondak C, Leith M, Baddeley TC, Santos RX, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Riedel G, Klein J. Mitochondrial Effects of Hydromethylthionine, Rivastigmine and Memantine in Tau-Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10810. [PMID: 37445987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein aggregations are important contributors to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hydromethylthionine (HMT) is a potent inhibitor of tau aggregation in vitro and in vivo and is being developed as a possible anti-dementia medication. HMT was also shown to affect the cholinergic system and to interact with mitochondria. Here, we used tau-transgenic (L1 and L66) and wild-type NMRI mice that were treated with HMT, rivastigmine and memantine and with combinations thereof, for 2-4 weeks. We measured HMT concentrations in both brain homogenates and isolated mitochondria and concentrations of glucose, lactate and pyruvate in brain by microdialysis. In isolated brain mitochondria, we recorded oxygen consumption of mitochondrial complexes by respirometry. While rivastigmine and memantine lowered mitochondrial respiration, HMT did not affect respiration in wild-type animals and increased respiration in tau-transgenic L1 mice. Glucose and lactate levels were not affected by HMT administration. The presence of HMT in isolated mitochondria was established. In summary, traditional anti-dementia drugs impair mitochondrial function while HMT has no adverse effects on mitochondrial respiration in tau-transgenic mice. These results support the further development of HMT as an anti-dementia drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Kondak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Leith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Thomas C Baddeley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Renato X Santos
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Charles R Harrington
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Claude M Wischik
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen AB24 5RP, UK
| | - Gernot Riedel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jochen Klein
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Reutzel M, Grewal R, Joppe A, Eckert GP. Age-Dependent Alterations of Cognition, Mitochondrial Function, and Beta-Amyloid Deposition in a Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease—A Longitudinal Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:875989. [PMID: 35585868 PMCID: PMC9108248 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.875989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is characterized by the cerebral deposition of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) and cognitive decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also characteristic of the disease and represents a hallmark of both, aging and neurodegeneration. We longitudinally followed Aβ levels, cognition, and mitochondrial function in the same cohort of Thy1-APP751SL mice representing a murine model of AD. In the course of time, changes were most prominent at an age of 13 months including the latency time in the passive avoidance test, the activity of complexes I and IV of the mitochondrial respiration chain, and expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and synaptic plasticity including Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), CAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1), and Synaptophysin 1 (SYP1). These changes occurred in parallel with massively increasing cerebral Aβ levels. Other parameters were changed in younger mice including the alteration rate in the Y-maze test and the nesting score when Aβ levels were not changed yet. The results are consistent in the cohort described. However, previous, non-longitudinal studies reported divergent time points for the occurrence of the parameters studied. These findings are discussed in light of the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Reutzel
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rekha Grewal
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aljoscha Joppe
- Department of Biological Sciences & Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gunter P. Eckert,
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3
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Safwat El-Deeb O, El-Esawy RO, Al-Shenawy HA, Ghanem HB. Modulating gut dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis: the restorative effects of β-glucan and/or celastrol. Redox Rep 2022; 27:60-69. [PMID: 35246012 PMCID: PMC8903761 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2046425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Microbiome–Mitochondria interaction is gaining a significant attention; thus, studying its mechanism emerges as a must to provide restorative lines in managing diseases. The aim is to study the mechanistic effects of β-Glucan and/or Celastrol in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods 75 Wistar rats were allocated into 5 equal groups. Group I: control group. Group II: UC group, Group III: β-Glucan-treated UC group, Group IV: Celastrol-treated UC group & Group V: mutual treatment group. All groups were subjected to the detection of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator1α (PGC-1α) mRNA gene expressions. Citrate synthase (CS) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentration was measured. Results After treatment we monitored significant upregulation of FFAR-2 and PGC-1α mRNA expression. Likewise, ATP level and CS activity were significantly increased. On the contrary, there was a significant lessening in ROS and TMAO levels with improvement of MMP. Conclusion Mutual use of β- Glucan and Celastrol had a greater effect than each alone against UC, which is considered a novel finding highlighting the ameliorative effects of this combined treatment in modulating Microbiome/Mitochondria axis, thus launching promising avenues for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Safwat El-Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Heba Bassiony Ghanem
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Z, Yang Z, Liu J, Hao Y, Sun B, Wang J. Potential Health Benefits of Whole Grains: Modulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Energy Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14065-14074. [PMID: 34775748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. However, its dysfunction will cause different pathophysiological consequences. A specific mechanism of action has been developed by cells to adapt to changes in physiological conditions or in response to different stimuli, by meditating mitochondrial number, structure, and energy metabolism. Whole grains are considered healthier than refined grains for their higher amounts of bioactive components, with proven multiple health benefits. The modulation of an appropriate mitochondrial function contributes to the bioactive-component-based health improvements. Thus, this review aims to represent current studies that identify the impact of natural bioactive components in whole grains against metabolic disorders by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. It seems most attractive to aim nutritional intervention at the prevention or treatment of metabolic abnormalities and hence to target dietary management at improvement of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Yang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Hao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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5
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Viel C, Brandtner AT, Weißhaar A, Lehto A, Fuchs M, Klein J. Effects of Magnesium Orotate, Benfotiamine and a Combination of Vitamins on Mitochondrial and Cholinergic Function in the TgF344-AD Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121218. [PMID: 34959619 PMCID: PMC8705522 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cholinergic deficits have been reported in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we examine these parameters in TgF344-AD rats, an Alzheimer model that carries amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 mutations, and of wild type F344 rats. In mitochondria isolated from rat hippocampi, we found reductions of complex I and oxidative phosphorylation in transgenic rats. Further impairments, also of complex II, were observed in aged (wild-type and transgenic) rats. Treatment with a “cocktail” containing magnesium orotate, benfotiamine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol did not affect mitochondrial activities in wild-type rats but restored diminished activities in transgenic rats to wild-type levels. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate levels were unchanged by age, genetic background, or treatment. Using microdialysis, we also investigated extracellular concentrations of acetylcholine that were strongly reduced in transgenic animals. Again, ACh levels in wild-type rats did not change upon treatment with nutrients, whereas the cocktail increased hippocampal acetylcholine levels under physiological stimulation. We conclude that TgF344-AD rats display a distinct mitochondrial and cholinergic dysfunction not unlike the findings in patients suffering from AD. This dysfunction can be partially corrected by the application of the “cocktail” which is particularly active in aged rats. We suggest that the TgF344-AD rat is a promising model to further investigate mitochondrial and cholinergic dysfunction and potential treatment approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Viel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (C.V.); (A.T.B.); (A.W.); (A.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Adrian T. Brandtner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (C.V.); (A.T.B.); (A.W.); (A.L.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Physiology I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Weißhaar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (C.V.); (A.T.B.); (A.W.); (A.L.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alina Lehto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (C.V.); (A.T.B.); (A.W.); (A.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Marius Fuchs
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (C.V.); (A.T.B.); (A.W.); (A.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Jochen Klein
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (C.V.); (A.T.B.); (A.W.); (A.L.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6979-829-366
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γ-Tocotrienol Protects against Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Energy Deficits, Morphological Damage, and Decreases in Renal Functions after Renal Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312674. [PMID: 34884479 PMCID: PMC8657889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion in the kidney result in disruption of primary functions and acute injury of the kidney. This study tested whether γ-tocotrienol (GTT), a member of the vitamin E family, protects mitochondrial function, reduces ATP deficits, and improves renal functions and survival after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Vehicle or GTT (200 mg/kg) were administered to mice 12 h before bilateral kidney ischemia, and endpoints were assessed at different timepoints of reperfusion. GTT treatment reduced decreases in state 3 respiration and accelerated recovery of this function after ischemia. GTT prevented decreases in activities of complexes I and III of the respiratory chain, and blocked ischemia-induced decreases in F0F1-ATPase activity and ATP content in renal cortical tissue. GTT improved renal morphology at 72 h after ischemia, reduced numbers of necrotic proximal tubular and inflammatory cells, and enhanced tubular regeneration. GTT treatment ameliorated increases in plasma creatinine levels and accelerated recovery of creatinine levels after ischemia. Lastly, 89% of mice receiving GTT and 70% of those receiving vehicle survived ischemia. Conclusions: Our data show novel observations that GTT administration improves mitochondrial respiration, prevents ATP deficits, promotes tubular regeneration, ameliorates decreases in renal functions, and increases survival after acute kidney injury in mice.
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7
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Naomi R, Shafie NH, Kaniappan P, Bahari H. An Interactive Review on the Role of Tocotrienols in the Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Nutr 2021; 8:754086. [PMID: 34765631 PMCID: PMC8576197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.754086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, are claimed to be of major concern causing a significant disease burden worldwide. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and nerve damage are the main reasons for the emergence of these diseases. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the common chemical molecule that is formed from all these three interdependent mechanisms which is highly reactive toward the neuronal cells. For these reasons, the administration of tocotrienols (T3s), which is a potent antioxidant, is proven to cater to this problem, through in vitro and in vivo investigations. Interestingly, their therapeutic potentials are not only limited to antioxidant property but also to being able to reverse the neuronal damage and act as a shield for mitochondria dysfunction. Thereby, T3s prevents the damage to the neurons. In regards to this statement, in this review, we focused on summarizing and discussing the potential therapeutic role of T3s on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and their protective mechanisms based on evidence from the in vitro and in vivo studies. However, there is no clinical trial conducted to prove the efficacy of T3s for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's subjects. As such, the therapeutic role of T3s for these neurodegenerative disorders is still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Husna Shafie
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Priyatharisni Kaniappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Kumar S, Kumar P. The Beneficial Effect of Rice Bran Extract Against Rotenone-Induced Experimental Parkinson's Disease in Rats. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:428-438. [PMID: 33573588 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210126113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases have become an increasing cause of various disabilities worldwide, followed by aging, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson's disease is a degenerative brain disorder distinguished by growing motor & non-motor failure due to the degeneration of medium-sized spiked neurons in the striatum region. Rotenone is often employed to originate the animal model of PD. It is a powerful blocker of mitochondrial complex-I, mitochondrial electron transport chain that reliably produces Parkinsonism-like symptoms in rats. Rice bran (RB) is very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and nutritionally beneficial compounds, such as γ-oryzanol, tocopherols, and tocotrienols and sterols are believed to have favorable outcomes on oxidative stress & mitochondrial function. OBJECTIVE The present study has been designed to explore RB extract's effect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rats. METHODS In the present study, Rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) was administered systemically for 28 days. The hexane extract of RB was prepared using Soxhlation. Hexane extract (250 & 500 mg/kg) was administered per oral for 28 days in rotenone-treated groups. Behavioral parameters (grip strength, motor coordination, locomotion, and catalepsy) were conducted on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day. Animals were sacrificed on the 29th day for biochemical estimation in the striatum and cortex. RESULTS This study demonstrates significant alteration in behavioral parameters, oxidative burden (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, and decreased glutathione, catalase, SOD) in rotenone-treated animals. Administration of hexane extract of RB prevented the behavioral, biochemical alterations induced by rotenone. The current research has been sketched to inspect RB extract's effect against rotenone-developed neurotoxicity in rats. CONCLUSION The findings support that PD is associated with impairments in motor activity. The results also suggest that the nutraceutical rice bran that contains γ-oryzanol, Vitamin-E, ferulic acid etc., may underlie the adjuvant susceptibility towards rotenone-induced PD in experimental rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Limana da Silveira T, Lopes Machado M, Bicca Obetine Baptista F, Farina Gonçalves D, Duarte Hartmann D, Marafiga Cordeiro L, Franzen da Silva A, Lenz Dalla Corte C, Aschner M, Antunes Soares FA. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for studies on quinolinic acid-induced NMDAR-dependent glutamatergic disorders. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:90-98. [PMID: 34271120 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an agonist of the neurotransmitter glutamate (Glu) capable of binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) increasing glutamatergic signaling. QUIN is known for being an endogenous neurotoxin, able to induce neurodegeneration. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the mechanism by which QUIN induces behavioral and metabolic toxicity has not been fully elucidated. The effects of QUIN on behavioral and metabolic parameters in nmr-1 and nmr-2 NMDA receptors in transgenic and wild-type (WT) worms were performed to decipher the pathway by which QUIN exerts its toxicity. QUIN increased locomotion parameters such as wavelength and movement amplitude medium, as well as speed and displacement, without modifying the number of body bends in an NMDAR-dependent-manner. QUIN increased the response time to the chemical stimulant 1-octanol, which is modulated by glutamatergic neurotransmission in the ASH neuron. Brood size increased after exposure to QUIN, dependent upon nmr-2/NMDA-receptor, with no change in lifespan. Oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the flow of coupled and unbound electrons to ATP production were reduced by QUIN in wild-type animals, but did not alter citrate synthase activity, altering the functionality but the mitochondrial viability. Notably, QUIN modified fine locomotor and chemosensory behavioral parameters, as well as metabolic parameters, analogous to previously reported effects in mammals. Our results indicate that QUIN can be used as a neurotoxin to elicit glutamatergic dysfunction in C. elegans in a way analogous to other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia Limana da Silveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Lopes Machado
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Bicca Obetine Baptista
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Farina Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diane Duarte Hartmann
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Lenz Dalla Corte
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Behl T, Kumar S, Sehgal A, Singh S, Kumari S, Brisc MC, Munteanu MA, Brisc C, Buhas CL, Judea-Pusta C, Buhas CL, Judea-Pusta C, Nistor-Cseppento DC, Bungau S. Rice bran, an off-shoot to newer therapeutics in neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111796. [PMID: 34098194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal brain functioning involves the interaction of interconnected molecular and cellular activities, which appear to alter normal to abnormal brain functioning when worsened, contributing to the emergence of neurological disorders. There are currently millions of people who are living with brain disorders globally and this will rise if suitable prevention strategies are not explored. Nutraceutical intended to treat numerous health goals with little adverse effect possible together can be more beneficial than pharmaceutical monotherapy for fostering balanced brain functioning. Nutraceutical provides a specific composition of effective macronutrients and micronutrients that are difficult to synthesize in the laboratory. Numerous elements of rice fibers in rice bran are characterized as natural anti-oxidant and having potential anti-inflammatory activity. The rice bran captures interest among the researchers as it is widespread, affordable, and rich in nutrients including protein, fat, carbohydrates, bioactive components, and dietary fiber. This review covers the neuroprotective multiplicity of rice bran and its constituents to deter pathological conditions of the brain and to facilitate balanced brain functioning at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Shilpa Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mihaela Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
| | - Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
| | - Camelia Liana Buhas
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
| | - Claudia Judea-Pusta
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
| | - Camelia Liana Buhas
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
| | - Claudia Judea-Pusta
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
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Reutzel M, Grewal R, Esselun C, Petry SF, Linn T, Brandt A, Bergheim I, Eckert GP. Effects of different standard and special diets on cognition and brain mitochondrial function in mice. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1823-1835. [PMID: 33814001 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1906392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Human nutrition plays an important role in prevention or at least slowing down the progression of age- and diet-related diseases. Thereby, mitochondrial dysfunction represents one common underlying mechanism, which is being investigated in mouse models. However, the influence of the selected diets in preclinical studies on cognition and mitochondrial function has not yet been reported cohesively.Methods: Therefore, we present the results of three different studies that addressed this question. First, we investigated the influence of two standard control chow diets and a special diet low in antioxidants over 6 months in aged NMRI mice. Additionally, a 70% high-fat (HF) chow diet as well as a western-style diet (WSD) rich in lard and fructose were examined in C57/BL6 mice. Cognitive performance, mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in the brain were investigated. Moreover, cerebral expression of genes involved in biogenesis and antioxidant defence (citrate synthase, complex I, complex IV, SOD2, Cat1, GPx-1) were quantified.Results: The results show that a modified, low antioxidant diet increased ATP levels in the brain of aged mice, while cognitive functions remained largely unaffected. A HF diet also showed significant effects on ATP levels and gene expression levels of relevant antioxidant markers, while the WSD had marginal effects on mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in the brain.Discussion: Our results indicate that standard- and special diets have an impact on cognition and mitochondrial function in the brain. Thus, appropriate caution is warranted when selecting a suitable diet for preclinical studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Reutzel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rekha Grewal
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Esselun
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Friedrich Petry
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Giessen, Germany
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12
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Safdari MR, Shakeri F, Mohammadi A, Bibak B, Alesheikh P, Jamialahmadi T, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Role of Herbal Medicines in the Management of Brain Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:287-305. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Rhodes JS, Rendeiro C, Mun JG, Du K, Thaman P, Snyder A, Pinardo H, Drnevich J, Chandrasekaran S, Lai CS, Schimpf KJ, Kuchan MJ. Brain α-Tocopherol Concentration and Stereoisomer Profile Alter Hippocampal Gene Expression in Weanling Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:3075-3085. [PMID: 32937657 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-tocopherol (αT), the bioactive constituent of vitamin E, is essential for fertility and neurological development. Synthetic αT (8 stereoisomers; all rac-αT) is added to infant formula at higher concentrations than natural αT (RRR-αT only) to adjust for bio-potency differences, but its effects on brain development are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the impact of bio-potency-adjusted dietary all rac-αT versus RRR-αT, fed to dams, on the hippocampal gene expression in weanling mice. METHODS Male/female pairs of C57BL/6J mice were fed AIN 93-G containing RRR-αT (NAT) or all rac-αT (SYN) at 37.5 or 75 IU/kg (n = 10/group) throughout gestation and lactation. Male pups were euthanized at 21 days. Half the brain was evaluated for the αT concentration and stereoisomer distribution. The hippocampus was dissected from the other half, and RNA was extracted and sequenced. Milk αT was analyzed in separate dams. RESULTS A total of 797 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the hippocampi across the 4 dietary groups, at a false discovery rate of 10%. Comparing the NAT-37.5 group to the NAT-75 group or the SYN-37.5 group to the SYN-75 group, small differences in brain αT concentrations (10%; P < 0.05) led to subtle changes (<10%) in gene expression of 600 (NAT) or 487 genes (SYN), which were statistically significant. Marked differences in brain αT stereoisomer profiles (P < 0.0001) had a small effect on fewer genes (NAT-37.5 vs. SYN-37.5, 179; NAT-75 vs. SYN-75, 182). Most of the DEGs were involved in transcription regulation and synapse formation. A network analysis constructed around known vitamin E interacting proteins (VIPs) revealed a group of 32 DEGs between NAT-37.5 vs. SYN-37.5, explained by expression of the gene for the VIP, protein kinase C zeta (Pkcz). CONCLUSIONS In weanling mouse hippocampi, a network of genes involved in transcription regulation and synapse formation was differentially affected by dam diet αT concentration and source: all rac-αT or RRR-αT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Rhodes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G Mun
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristy Du
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Pragya Thaman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Amanda Snyder
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Heinrich Pinardo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High Performance Biological Computing and the Roy J Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chron-Si Lai
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Kuchan
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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LEE SH, YEO D, HONG JH. Effect of dihydroferulic acid obtained from fermented rice bran extract on neuroprotection and behavioral recovery in an ischemic rat model. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.33719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana YEO
- Inje University, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yuliani T, Lobentanzer S, Klein J. Central cholinergic function and metabolic changes in streptozotocin-induced rat brain injury. J Neurochem 2020; 158:1307-1319. [PMID: 33448390 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As glucose hypometabolism in the brain is an early sign of Alzheimer´s dementia (AD), the diabetogenic drug streptozotocin (STZ) has been used to induce Alzheimer-like pathology in rat brain by intracereboventricular injection (icv-STZ). However, many details of the pathological mechanism of STZ in this AD model remain unclear. Here, we report metabolic and cholinergic effects of icv-STZ using microdialysis in freely moving animals. We found that icv-STZ at a dose of 3 mg/kg (2 × 1.5 mg/kg) causes overt toxicity reflected in body weight loss. Three weeks after STZ administration, histological examination revealed a high number of glial fibrillary acidic protein reactive cells in the hippocampus, accompanied by Fluoro-Jade C-positive cells in the CA1 region. Glucose and lactate levels in microdialysates were unchanged, but mitochondrial respiration measured ex vivo was reduced by 9%-15%. High-affinity choline uptake, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities in the hippocampus were reduced by 16%, 28%, and 30%, respectively. Importantly, extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the hippocampus were unchanged and responded to behavioral and pharmacological challenges. In comparison, extracellular ACh levels and cholinergic parameters in the striatum were unchanged or slightly increased. We conclude that the icv-STZ model poorly reflects central cholinergic dysfunction, an important characteristic of dementia. The icv-STZ model may be more aptly described as an animal model of hippocampal gliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Yuliani
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Sebastian Lobentanzer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Klein
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Cerebral Mitochondrial Function and Cognitive Performance during Aging: A Longitudinal Study in NMRI Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4060769. [PMID: 32377297 PMCID: PMC7180425 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4060769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is one of the major risk factors for the development of several neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in processes of both, brain aging and neurodegeneration. Aged mice including NMRI mice are established model organisms to study physiological and molecular mechanisms of brain aging. However, longitudinal data evaluated in one cohort are rare but are important to understand the aging process of the brain throughout life, especially since pathological changes early in life might pave the way to neurodegeneration in advanced age. To assess the longitudinal course of brain aging, we used a cohort of female NMRI mice and measured brain mitochondrial function, cognitive performance, and molecular markers every 6 months until mice reached the age of 24 months. Furthermore, we measured citrate synthase activity and respiration of isolated brain mitochondria. Mice at the age of three months served as young controls. At six months of age, mitochondria-related genes (complex IV, creb-1, β-AMPK, and Tfam) were significantly elevated. Brain ATP levels were significantly reduced at an age of 18 months while mitochondria respiration was already reduced in middle-aged mice which is in accordance with the monitored impairments in cognitive tests. mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (creb-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (Nrf-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and synaptophysin 1 (SYP1)) and the antioxidative defense system (catalase (Cat) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)) was measured and showed significantly decreased expression patterns in the brain starting at an age of 18 months. BDNF expression reached, a maximum after 6 months. On the basis of longitudinal data, our results demonstrate a close connection between the age-related decline of cognitive performance, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis during the physiological brain aging process.
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Wong SK, Kamisah Y, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Masbah N, Mohd Fahami NA, Mohamed IN, Shuid AN, Mohd Saad Q, Abdullah A, Mohamad NV, Ibrahim NI, Pang KL, Chow YY, Thong BKS, Subramaniam S, Chan CY, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2020; 12:E259. [PMID: 31963885 PMCID: PMC7019837 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol (T3) is a subfamily of vitamin E known for its wide array of medicinal properties. This review aimed to summarize the health benefits of T3, particularly in prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastric, and skin disorders, as well as cancers. Studies showed that T3 could prevent various NCDs, by suppressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and alternating hormones. The efficacy of T3 in preventing/treating these NCDs is similar or greater compared to tocopherol (TF). TF may lower the efficacy of T3 because the efficacy of the combination of TF and T3 was lower than T3 alone in some studies. Data investigating the effects of T3 on osteoporosis, arthritis, and peptic ulcers in human are limited. The positive outcomes of T3 treatment obtained from the preclinical studies warrant further validation from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.K.W.); (Y.K.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.M.); (N.A.M.F.); (I.N.M.); (A.N.S.); (Q.M.S.); (A.A.); (N.-V.M.); (N.I.I.); (K.-L.P.); (Y.Y.C.); (B.K.S.T.); (S.S.); (C.Y.C.); (S.I.-N.)
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Alpha-Tocotrienol Prevents Oxidative Stress-Mediated Post-Translational Cleavage of Bcl-xL in Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010220. [PMID: 31905614 PMCID: PMC6982044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) is an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl2 family of proteins, which supports neurite outgrowth and neurotransmission by improving mitochondrial function. During excitotoxic stimulation, however, Bcl-xL undergoes post-translational cleavage to ∆N-Bcl-xL, and accumulation of ∆N-Bcl-xL causes mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. In this study, we hypothesized that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during excitotoxicity leads to formation of ∆N-Bcl-xL. We further proposed that the application of an antioxidant with neuroprotective properties such as α-tocotrienol (TCT) will prevent ∆N-Bcl-xL-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via its antioxidant properties. Primary hippocampal neurons were treated with α-TCT, glutamate, or a combination of both. Glutamate challenge significantly increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS and ∆N-Bcl-xL levels. ∆N-Bcl-xL accumulation was accompanied by intracellular ATP depletion, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell death. α-TCT prevented loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in hippocampal neurons overexpressing ∆N-Bcl-xL, suggesting that ∆N-Bcl-xL caused the loss of mitochondrial function under excitotoxic conditions. Our data suggest that production of ROS is an important cause of ∆N-Bcl-xL formation and that preventing ROS production may be an effective strategy to prevent ∆N-Bcl-xL-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and thus promote neuronal survival.
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Impairs Energy Metabolism and Reduces Stress Resistance and Longevity of C. elegans. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6840540. [PMID: 31827694 PMCID: PMC6885289 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6840540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondria supply cellular energy and are key regulators of intrinsic cell death and consequently affect longevity. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is frequently used for lifespan assays. Using paraquat (PQ) as a generator of reactive oxygen species, we here describe its effects on the acceleration of aging and the associated dysfunctions at the level of mitochondria. Methods Nematodes were incubated with various concentrations of paraquat in a heat-stress resistance assay (37°C) using nucleic staining. The most effective concentration was validated under physiological conditions, and chemotaxis was assayed. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured using rhodamine 123, and activity of respiratory chain complexes determined using a Clark-type electrode in isolated mitochondria. Energetic metabolites in the form of pyruvate, lactate, and ATP were determined using commercial kits. Mitochondrial integrity and structure was investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Live imaging after staining with fluorescent dyes was used to measure mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS. Expression of longevity- and mitogenesis-related genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. Results PQ (5 mM) significantly increased ROS formation in nematodes and reduced the chemotaxis, the physiological lifespan, and the survival in assays for heat-stress resistance. The number of fragmented mitochondria significantly increased. The ∆Ψm, the activities of complexes I-IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and the levels of pyruvate and lactate were significantly reduced, whereas ATP production was not affected. Transcript levels of genetic marker genes, atfs-1, atp-2, skn-1, and sir-2.1, were significantly upregulated after PQ incubation, which implicates a close connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress response. Expression levels of aak-2 and daf-16 were unchanged. Conclusion Using paraquat as a stressor, we here describe the association of oxidative stress, restricted energy metabolism, and reduced stress resistance and longevity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans making it a readily accessible in vivo model for mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Polyphenols and Metabolites Enhance Survival in Rodents and Nematodes-Impact of Mitochondria. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081886. [PMID: 31412639 PMCID: PMC6723680 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Polyphenols (PP) play an important role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases and may contribute to healthy aging. To investigate the molecular and cellular aspects of PP metabolites on longevity with a focus on mitochondrial function, we applied a pre-fermented mixture of polyphenols (Rechtsregulat®, RR) to rodents and nematodes. (2) Methods: The lifespans of Navar Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice and C. elegans were recorded. The heat-stress resistance (37 °C) of C. elegans N2 was measured using nucleic staining. Respiration and membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured in isolated mitochondria. The energetic metabolites adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactate, and pyruvate were determined in lysates. Expression levels of longevity related genes were determined using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Phenolic compounds were identified using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-Iontrap-multiple stage mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-Iontrap-MSn). (3) Results: Several phenolic metabolites including protocatechuic acid (PCA) were identified in RR. Feeding of mice with RR resulted in a significantly increased lifespan. Heat-stress resistance (RR *** p = 0.0006; PCA **** p < 0.0001), median lifespan (NMRI: RR ** p = 0.0035; C. elegans RR * p = 0.0279; PCA **** p < 0.0001), and activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (RR *−** p = 0.0237 − 0.0052; PCA * p = 0.019 − 0.0208) of C. elegans were significantly increased after incubation with RR (10%) or PCA (780 µM). PCA significantly improved nematodes ΔΨm (* p = 0.02058) and ATP levels (* p = 0.029). RR significantly up-regulated lactate levels, indicating enhanced glycolysis. The expression levels of longevity related genes daf-16, sir-2.1, and skn-1 were significantly upregulated after PCA, and partially after RR administration. (4) Conclusion: Phenolic metabolites such as PCA have the potential to enhance health and lifespan and mitochondrial function, and thus may contribute to healthy aging.
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Effects of Long-Term Treatment with a Blend of Highly Purified Olive Secoiridoids on Cognition and Brain ATP Levels in Aged NMRI Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4070935. [PMID: 30510619 PMCID: PMC6232801 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging represents a major risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). As components of the Mediterranean diet, olive polyphenols may play a crucial role in the prevention of AD. Since mitochondrial dysfunction acts as a final pathway in both brain aging and AD, respectively, the effects of a mixture of highly purified olive secoiridoids were tested on cognition and ATP levels in a commonly used mouse model for brain aging. Over 6 months, female NMRI mice (12 months of age) were fed with a blend containing highly purified olive secoiridoids (POS) including oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and oleurosid standardized for 50 mg oleuropein/kg diet (equivalent to 13.75 mg POS/kg b.w.) or the study diet without POS as control. Mice aged 3 months served as young controls. Behavioral tests showed deficits in cognition in aged mice. Levels of ATP and mRNA levels of NADH-reductase, cytochrome-c-oxidase, and citrate synthase were significantly reduced in the brains of aged mice indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, gene expression of Sirt1, CREB, Gap43, and GPx-1 was significantly reduced in the brain tissue of aged mice. POS-fed mice showed improved spatial working memory. Furthermore, POS restored brain ATP levels in aged mice which were significantly increased. Our results show that a diet rich in purified olive polyphenols has positive long-term effects on cognition and energy metabolism in the brain of aged mice.
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Enhancement of cognitive functions by rice bran extract in a neuroinflammatory mouse model via regulation of PPARγ. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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A Review on the Relationship between Tocotrienol and Alzheimer Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070881. [PMID: 29987193 PMCID: PMC6073491 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is plaguing the aging population worldwide due to its tremendous health care and socioeconomic burden. Current treatment of AD only offers symptomatic relief to patients. Development of agents targeting specific pathologies of AD is very slow. Tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family, can tackle many aspects of AD, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal cholesterol synthesis. This review summarizes the current evidence on the role of tocotrienol as a neuroprotective agent. Preclinical studies showed that tocotrienol could reduce oxidative stress by acting as a free-radical scavenger and promoter of mitochondrial function and cellular repair. It also prevented glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the cells. Human epidemiological studies showed a significant inverse relationship between tocotrienol levels and the occurrence of AD. However, there is no clinical trial to support the claim that tocotrienol can delay or prevent the onset of AD. As a conclusion, tocotrienol has the potential to be developed as an AD-preventing agent but further studies are required to validate its efficacy in humans.
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Calvo-Castro LA, Sus N, Schiborr C, Bosy-Westphal A, Duran ML, Fesenmeyer D, Fesenmeyer G, Frank J. Pharmacokinetics of vitamin E, γ-oryzanol, and ferulic acid in healthy humans after the ingestion of a rice bran-enriched porridge prepared with water or with milk. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2099-2110. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ahmed MA, Mohamed MA, Rashed LA, Abd Elbast SA, Ahmed EA. Rice Bran Oil Improves Insulin Resistance by Affecting the Expression of Antioxidants and Lipid-Regulatory Genes. Lipids 2018; 53:505-515. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mervat A. Ahmed
- Zoology Department; Al-Azhar University, Yossuf Abbas St., PO Box 11754; Cairo Egypt
| | - Mona A. Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Al-Azhar University, Yossuf Abbas St., PO Box 11754; Cairo Egypt
| | - Laila A. Rashed
- Biochemistry Department; Cairo University; El-Kasr El-Aeni St., PO Box 12613, Cairo Egypt
| | - Sohaier A. Abd Elbast
- Zoology Department; Al-Azhar University, Yossuf Abbas St., PO Box 11754; Cairo Egypt
| | - Elham A. Ahmed
- Zoology Department; Al-Azhar University, Yossuf Abbas St., PO Box 11754; Cairo Egypt
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Mice Deficient in lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase delta ( Lpaatδ)/ acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase 4 ( Agpat4) Have Impaired Learning and Memory. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00245-17. [PMID: 28807933 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00245-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously characterized LPAATδ/AGPAT4 as a mitochondrial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that regulates brain levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Here, we report that Lpaatδ-/- mice display impaired spatial learning and memory compared to wild-type littermates in the Morris water maze and our investigation of potential mechanisms associated with brain phospholipid changes. Marker protein immunoblotting suggested that the relative brain content of neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes was unchanged. Relative abundance of the important brain fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid was also unchanged in phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, in agreement with prior data on PC, PE and PI. In phosphatidic acid, it was increased. Specific decreases in ethanolamine-containing phospholipids were detected in mitochondrial lipids, but the function of brain mitochondria in Lpaatδ-/- mice was unchanged. Importantly, we found that Lpaatδ-/- mice have a significantly and drastically lower brain content of the N-methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, as well as the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR1, compared to wild-type mice. However, general dysregulation of PI-mediated signaling is not likely responsible, since phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR pathway regulation was unaffected. Our findings indicate that Lpaatδ deficiency causes deficits in learning and memory associated with reduced NMDA and AMPA receptors.
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Perez-Ternero C, Werner CM, Nickel AG, Herrera MD, Motilva MJ, Böhm M, Alvarez de Sotomayor M, Laufs U. Ferulic acid, a bioactive component of rice bran, improves oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in mice and in human mononuclear cells. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 48:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Berressem D, Koch K, Franke N, Klein J, Eckert GP. Intravenous Treatment with a Long-Chain Omega-3 Lipid Emulsion Provides Neuroprotection in a Murine Model of Ischemic Stroke - A Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167329. [PMID: 27902774 PMCID: PMC5130273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (e.g. docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) are known for their neuroprotective properties associated with ischemic stroke. This pilot study aimed to test the effectiveness of an acute treatment with a long-chain omega-3 lipid emulsion (Omegaven 10%®, OGV) that contains fish oil (DHA 18 mg/ml; EPA 21 mg/ml) and α-tocopherol (0.2 mg/ml) in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke in mice. For this purpose, female CD-1 mice were anesthetized and subjected to 90 minutes of MCAO. To reflect a clinically relevant situation for an acute treatment, either after induction of stroke or after reperfusion, a single dose of OGV was injected intravenously into the tail vein (5 ml/kg b.w.). A neurological severity score was used to assess motor function and neurological outcome. Stroke-related parameters were determined 24 hours after MCAO. Microdialysis was used to collect samples from extracellular space of the striatum. Mitochondrial function was determined in isolated mitochondria or dissociated brain cells. Inflammation markers were measured in brain homogenate. According to control experiments, neuroprotective effects could be attributed to the long-chain omega-3 content of the emulsion. Intravenous injection of OGV reduced size and severity of stroke, restored mitochondrial function, and prevented excitotoxic glutamate release. Increases of pro-inflammatory markers (COX-2 and IL-6) were attenuated. Neurological severity scoring and neurochemical data demonstrated that acute OGV treatment shortly after induction of stroke was most efficient and able to improve short-term neurological outcome, reflecting the importance of an acute treatment to improve the outcome. Summarising, acute treatment of stroke with a single intravenous dose of OGV provided strong neuroprotective effects and was most effective when given immediately after onset of ischemia. As OGV is an approved fishoil emulsion for parenteral nutrition in humans, our results may provide first translational data for a possible early management of ischemic stroke with administration of OGV to prevent further brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Berressem
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Konrad Koch
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
| | - Nicole Franke
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
| | - Jochen Klein
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacology, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Germany
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Effect of rice parboiling on the functional properties of an enzymatic extract from rice bran. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sweazea KL, Johnston CS, Knurick J, Bliss CD. Plant-Based Nutraceutical Increases Plasma Catalase Activity in Healthy Participants: A Small Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Proof of Concept Trial. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:200-213. [PMID: 27715348 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1207742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from dietary, lifestyle and environmental factors is strongly associated with tissue damage and aging. It occurs when there is either an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (i.e., oxidants) or decreased bioavailability of antioxidants that can scavenge them. The objective of this 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled study was to assess the efficacy of a nutraceutical at augmenting antioxidant status. Healthy adults (25-45 y) were randomized to either a treatment group (Product B, n = 23) or a placebo group (control, n = 20). No significant effect of Product B was observed for anthropometric variables or markers of glucose and lipid regulation. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were likewise not altered following the 12-week intervention. Plasma catalase concentrations were significantly elevated following 12 weeks of Product B as compared to the control group (+6.1 vs. -10.3 nmol/min/mL, p = 0.038), whereas other measures of antioxidant capacity were not significantly different between the groups. Product B effectively augmented concentrations of the anti-aging antioxidant catalase in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Sweazea
- a School of Nutrition and Health Promotion , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA.,b School of Life Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Carol S Johnston
- a School of Nutrition and Health Promotion , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Jessica Knurick
- a School of Nutrition and Health Promotion , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Courtney D Bliss
- a School of Nutrition and Health Promotion , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
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Asseburg H, Schäfer C, Müller M, Hagl S, Pohland M, Berressem D, Borchiellini M, Plank C, Eckert GP. Effects of Grape Skin Extract on Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Memory and Life Span in C57BL/6J Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:378-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hagl S, Asseburg H, Heinrich M, Sus N, Blumrich EM, Dringen R, Frank J, Eckert GP. Effects of Long-Term Rice Bran Extract Supplementation on Survival, Cognition and Brain Mitochondrial Function in Aged NMRI Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:347-63. [PMID: 27350374 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents a major risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). As mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in brain aging and occurs early in the development of AD, the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction might help to slow brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Rice bran extract (RBE) contains high concentrations of vitamin E congeners and γ-oryzanol. We have previously shown that RBE increased mitochondrial function and protected from mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in short-term in vivo feeding studies. To mimic the use of RBE as food additive, we have now investigated the effects of a long-term (6 months) feeding of RBE on survival, behavior and brain mitochondrial function in aged NMRI mice. RBE administration significantly increased survival and performance of aged NMRI mice in the passive avoidance and Y-maze test. Brain mitochondrial dysfunction found in aged mice was ameliorated after RBE administration. Furthermore, data from mRNA and protein expression studies revealed an up-regulation of mitochondrial proteins in RBE-fed mice, suggesting an increase in mitochondrial content which is mediated by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)-dependent mechanism. Our findings suggest that a long-term treatment with a nutraceutical containing RBE could be useful for slowing down brain aging and thereby delaying or even preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heike Asseburg
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martina Heinrich
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadine Sus
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Blumrich
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Bhatia HS, Baron J, Hagl S, Eckert GP, Fiebich BL. Rice bran derivatives alleviate microglia activation: possible involvement of MAPK pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:148. [PMID: 27301644 PMCID: PMC4908728 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactivation of microglia is considered to be a key hallmark of brain inflammation and plays a critical role in regulating neuroinflammatory events. Neuroinflammatory responses in microglia represent one of the major risk factors for various neurodegenerative diseases. One of the strategies to protect the brain and slow down the progression of these neurodegenerative diseases is by consuming diet enriched in anti-oxidants and polyphenols. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran extract (RBE), one of the rich sources of vitamin E forms (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and gamma-oryzanols, in primary rat microglia. METHODS The vitamin E profile of the RBE was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of RBE. Release of prostaglandins (prostaglandin (PG) E2, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α)) were determined with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Protein levels and genes related to PGE2 synthesis (Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)) and various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), were assessed by western blot, ELISA, and quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, to elucidate the molecular targets of RBE, the phosphorylated state of various mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules (p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2, and JNK) and activation of NF-kB pathway was studied. RESULTS RBE significantly inhibited the release of PGE2 and free radical formation (8-iso-PGF2α) in LPS-activated primary microglia. Inhibition of PGE2 by RBE was dependent on reduced COX-2 and mPGES-1 immunoreactivity in microglia. Interestingly, treatment of activated microglia with RBE further enhanced the gene expression of the microglial M2 marker IL-10 and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 markers (TNF-α, IL-1β). Further mechanistic studies showed that RBE inhibits microglial activation by interfering with important steps of MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, microglia activation with LPS leads to IkB-α degradation which was not affected by the pre-treatment of RBE. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate that RBE is able to affect microglial activation by interfering in important inflammatory pathway. These in vitro findings further demonstrate the potential value of RBE as a nutraceutical for the prevention of microglial dysfunction related to neuroinflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsharan S. Bhatia
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
- />VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH, Ferdinand-Porsche-Str. 5, Denzlingen, 79211 Germany
| | - Julian Baron
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- />Department of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt, 60438 Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- />Department of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt, 60438 Germany
- />Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, Giessen, 35392 Germany
| | - Bernd L. Fiebich
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
- />VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH, Ferdinand-Porsche-Str. 5, Denzlingen, 79211 Germany
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Imran I, Hillert MH, Klein J. Early metabolic responses to lithium/pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rat brain. J Neurochem 2015; 135:1007-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Biocenter N260; Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Bahauddin Zakariya University; Multan Pakistan
| | - Markus H. Hillert
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Biocenter N260; Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Jochen Klein
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Biocenter N260; Goethe University Frankfurt; Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Hagl S, Berressem D, Bruns B, Sus N, Frank J, Eckert GP. Beneficial Effects of Ethanolic and Hexanic Rice Bran Extract on Mitochondrial Function in PC12 Cells and the Search for Bioactive Components. Molecules 2015; 20:16524-39. [PMID: 26378512 PMCID: PMC6331980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in the aging processes that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration and the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A healthy lifestyle, including a diet rich in antioxidants and polyphenols, represents one strategy to protect the brain and to prevent neurodegeneration. We recently reported that a stabilized hexanic rice bran extract (RBE) rich in vitamin E and polyphenols (but unsuitable for human consumption) has beneficial effects on mitochondrial function in vitro and in vivo (doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2013.06.008, 10.3233/JAD-132084). To enable the use of RBE as food additive, a stabilized ethanolic extract has been produced. Here, we compare the vitamin E profiles of both extracts and their effects on mitochondrial function (ATP concentrations, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis) in PC12 cells. We found that vitamin E contents and the effects of both RBE on mitochondrial function were similar. Furthermore, we aimed to identify components responsible for the mitochondria-protective effects of RBE, but could not achieve a conclusive result. α-Tocotrienol and possibly also γ-tocotrienol, α-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol might be involved, but hitherto unknown components of RBE or a synergistic effect of various components might also play a role in mediating RBE’s beneficial effects on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
| | - Dirk Berressem
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
| | - Bastian Bruns
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
| | - Nadine Sus
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Campus Riedberg, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
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Kaur N, Jamwal S, Deshmukh R, Gauttam V, Kumar P. Beneficial effect of rice bran extract against 3-nitropropionic acid induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1222-1232. [PMID: 28962465 PMCID: PMC5598492 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by progressive motor and non-motor dysfunction due to degeneration of medium spiny neurons in striatum. 3-Nitropropionic acid is commonly used to induce the animal model of HD. Rice bran is supposed to have beneficial effects on mitochondrial function. The present study has been designed to explore the effect of rice bran extract against 3-Nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxicity in rats. 3-Nitropropionic acid (10 mg/kg, i.p) was administered systemically for 21 days. Hexane and ethanol extract of rice bran were prepared using Soxhlation. Hexane (250 mg/kg) and ethanol extract (250 mg/kg) were administered per os for 21 days in 3-NP treated groups. Behavioral parameters (body weight, grip strength, motor coordination, locomotion) were conducted on 7th, 14th and 21st day. Animals were sacrificed on 22nd day for biochemical, mitochondrial dysfunction (Complex II), neuroinflammatory and neurochemical estimation in striatum. This study demonstrates significant alteration in behavioral parameters, oxidative burden (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration and decreased glutathione), mitochondrial function (decreased Complex II enzyme activity), pro-inflammatory mediators and neurochemical levels in 3-nitropropionic acid treated animals. Administration of hexane and ethanol extract prevented the behavioral, biochemical, neuroinflammatory (increased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and neurochemical alterations (decreased dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid, GABA and increased 3,4-dihydro phenyl acetaldehyde, homovanillic acid and glutamate levels) induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. The outcomes of present study suggest that rice bran extract is beneficial and might emerge as an adjuvant or prophylactic therapy for treatment of HD like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Research Scholar, Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Rahul Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Gauttam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
- Corresponding author.
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Hagl S, Kocher A, Schiborr C, Kolesova N, Frank J, Eckert GP. Curcumin micelles improve mitochondrial function in neuronal PC12 cells and brains of NMRI mice - Impact on bioavailability. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:234-42. [PMID: 26254982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound abundant in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been reported to have various beneficial biological and pharmacological activities. Recent research revealed that curcumin might be valuable in the prevention and therapy of numerous disorders including neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Due to its low absorption and quick elimination from the body, curcumin bioavailability is rather low which poses major problems for the use of curcumin as a therapeutic agent. There are several approaches to ameliorate curcumin bioavailability after oral administration, amongst them simultaneous administration with secondary plant compounds, micronization and micellation. We examined bioavailability in vivo in NMRI mice and the effects of native curcumin and a newly developed curcumin micelles formulation on mitochondrial function in vitro in PC12 cells and ex vivo in isolated mouse brain mitochondria. We found that curcumin micelles improved bioavailability of native curcumin around 10- to 40-fold in plasma and brain of mice. Incubation with native curcumin and curcumin micelles prevented isolated mouse brain mitochondria from swelling, indicating less mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and prevention of injury. Curcumin micelles proved to be more efficient in preventing mitochondrial swelling in isolated mouse brain mitochondria and protecting PC12 cells from nitrosative stress than native curcumin. Due to their improved effectivity, curcumin micelles might be a suitable formulation for the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction in brain aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Biozentrum Niederursel, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Alexa Kocher
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Schiborr
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Natalie Kolesova
- Department of Pharmacology, Biozentrum Niederursel, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Biozentrum Niederursel, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Hagl S, Berressem D, Grewal R, Sus N, Frank J, Eckert GP. Rice bran extract improves mitochondrial dysfunction in brains of aged NMRI mice. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 19:1-10. [PMID: 26241203 DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aging represents a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondria are significantly involved in both the aging process and neurodegeneration. One strategy to protect the brain and to prevent neurodegeneration is a healthy lifestyle including a diet rich in antioxidants and polyphenols. Rice bran extract (RBE) contains various antioxidants including natural vitamin E forms (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and gamma-oryzanol. In this work, we examined the effects of a stabilized RBE on mitochondrial function in 18-month-old Naval Medical Research Institute mice (340 mg/kg body weight/day), which received the extract for 3 weeks via oral gavage. METHODS Mitochondrial parameters were measured using high-resolution respirometry (Oroboros Oxygraph-2k), Western blot analysis, and photometric methods in dissociated brain cells, isolated mitochondria, and brain homogenate. Vitamin E concentrations in blood plasma and brain tissue were measured using HPLC with fluorescence detection. RESULTS Aging leads to decreased mitochondrial function (decreased mitochondrial respiration and ATP production) and decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1alpha). RBE administration increased alpha-tocopherol concentrations in the brain and compensated for age-related mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential, PGC1alpha protein expression, and citrate synthase activity. Furthermore, resistance of brain cells to sodium nitroprusside-induced nitrosative stress was improved. DISCUSSION According to these results, RBE is a promising candidate nutraceutical for the prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Kocher A, Hagl S, Schiborr C, Eckert GP, Frank J. Concentrations of total curcuminoids in plasma, but not liver and kidney, are higher in 18- than in 3-months old mice. NFS JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ketkar S, Rathore A, Kandhare A, Lohidasan S, Bodhankar S, Paradkar A, Mahadik K. Alleviating exercise-induced muscular stress using neat and processed bee pollen: oxidative markers, mitochondrial enzymes, and myostatin expression in rats. Integr Med Res 2015; 4:147-160. [PMID: 28664121 PMCID: PMC5481795 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was designed to investigate the influence of monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen (MIMBP) and processed monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen (PMIMBP) supplementation on chronic swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress implications in the gastrocnemius muscle of Wistar rats. METHODS MIMBP was processed with an edible lipid-surfactant mixture (Captex 355:Tween 80) to increase the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoid aglycones as analyzed by UV spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array. Wistar rats in different groups were fed with MIMBP or PMIMBP supplements at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg individually, while being subjected to chronic swimming exercise for 4 weeks (5 d/wk). Various biochemical [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and total protein content], mitochondrial (Complex I, II, III, and IV enzyme activity), and molecular (myostatin mRNA expression) parameters were monitored in the gastrocnemius muscle of each group. RESULTS Administration of both MIMBP (300 mg/kg) and PMIMBP (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) wielded an antioxidant effect by significantly improving SOD, GSH, MDA, NO, and total protein levels. Further MIMBP (300 mg/kg) and PMIMBP (200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) significantly improved impaired mitochondrial Complex I, II, III, and IV enzyme activity. Significant down-regulation of myostatin mRNA expression by MIMBP (300 mg/kg) and PMIMBP (200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) indicates a muscle protectant role in oxidative stress conditions. CONCLUSION The study establishes the antioxidant, mitochondrial upregulatory, and myostatin inhibitory effects of both MIMBP and PMIMBP in exercise-induced oxidative stress conditions, suggesting their usefulness in effective management of exercise-induced muscular stress. Further, processing of MIMBP with an edible lipid-surfactant mixture was found to improve the therapeutic efficiency of pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ketkar
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Atul Rathore
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Amit Kandhare
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Subhash Bodhankar
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Anant Paradkar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kakasaheb Mahadik
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
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Afshordel S, Hagl S, Werner D, Röhner N, Kögel D, Bazan NG, Eckert GP. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve mitochondrial dysfunction in brain aging--impact of Bcl-2 and NPD-1 like metabolites. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:23-31. [PMID: 24972878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of orally administered long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on mitochondrial function and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brains of young (3 months old) and aged (24 months old) NMRI-mice. Neuroprotective properties of fish oil (FO) (1.6 ml/kg p.o.) were assessed ex vivo after 21 days in dissociated brain cells (DBC) and isolated mitochondria. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were significantly lower in blood and brains of aged mice which were compensated by FO administration. Isolated DBC and mitochondria from aged mice showed significantly lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reduced activity of complexes I+II and IV of the mitochondrial respiration system, respectively. FO restored the age-related decrease in respiration and improved ATP production. Moreover, FO increased the levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Cell membrane fractions isolated from the brain of aged mice exhibited lower membrane fluidity, which was partially improved under FO treatment. In comparison to young animals, levels of neuroprotective sAPPα were significantly lower in the brain of aged mice. However, levels of sAPPα, Aβ and C-terminal APP fragments (CTF) were largely unchanged after FO treatment in aged mice. Neuroprotectin D-1 (NPD-1) represents a neuroprotective compound that is derived from unesterified DHA. Levels of NPD1-like metabolites (NPD1-like) and of unesterified DHA were significantly increased in brains of aged mice. FO treatment further strongly increased NPD1-like levels indicating an accelerated conversion rate of free DHA to NPD1-like. Our findings provide new mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of omega-3 PUFA and identified FO as a promising nutraceutical to delay age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Afshordel
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Deborah Werner
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nelli Röhner
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Neuroscience Center, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Neuroscience Center, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- LSU Neuroscience Center And Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Moazzami AA, Frank S, Gombert A, Sus N, Bayram B, Rimbach G, Frank J. Non-targeted1H-NMR-metabolomics suggest the induction of master regulators of energy metabolism in the liver of vitamin E-deficient rats. Food Funct 2015; 6:1090-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a vitamin E-deficient diet for 6 months may alter hepatic energy metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Moazzami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Sonja Frank
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts-University
- D-24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Antonin Gombert
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Nadine Sus
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition
- University of Hohenheim
- D-70599 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Banu Bayram
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts-University
- D-24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts-University
- D-24118 Kiel
- Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science
- Christian-Albrechts-University
- D-24118 Kiel
- Germany
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition
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Baek SE, Kim JY, Song WT, Lee SH, Hong JH, Lee CK, Kang SG. Neuroprotective effect of rice bran extract supplemented with ferulic acid in the rat model of ischemic brain injury. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.904249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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A review of the research progress on the bioactive ingredients and physiological activities of rice bran oil. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nutritional Approaches for Healthy Aging of the Brain and the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases. PHARMA-NUTRITION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06151-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Friedman M. Rice brans, rice bran oils, and rice hulls: composition, food and industrial uses, and bioactivities in humans, animals, and cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10626-10641. [PMID: 24175575 DOI: 10.1021/jf403635v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice plants produce bioactive rice brans and hulls that have been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects in cells, animals, and humans. The main objective of this review is to consolidate and integrate the widely scattered information on the composition and the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating effects of rice brans from different rice cultivars, rice bran oils derived from rice brans, rice hulls, liquid rice hull smoke derived from rice hulls, and some of their bioactive compounds. As part of this effort, this paper also presents brief summaries on the preparation of health-promoting foods including bread, corn flakes, frankfurters, ice cream, noodles, pasta, tortillas, and zero-trans-fat shortening as well as industrial products such bioethanol and biodiesel fuels. Also covered are antibiotic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, allelochemical, and other beneficial effects and the mechanisms of the bioactivities. The results show that food-compatible and safe formulations with desirable nutritional and biological properties can be used to develop new multifunctional foods as well as bioethanol and biodiesel fuel. The overlapping aspects are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of the described health-promoting potential of the rice-derived brans, oils, and hulls in food and medicine. Such an understanding will enhance nutrition and health and benefit the agricultural and industrial economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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