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Ekemen S, Bilir E, Soultan HEA, Zafar S, Demir F, Tabandeh B, Toprak S, Yapicier O, Coban C. The Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 and Lipocalin 2 Expressions in Primary Breast Cancer and Their Associations with Molecular Subtypes and Prognostic Factors. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2024; 16:1-13. [PMID: 38192518 PMCID: PMC10771776 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s444077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancers exhibit molecular heterogeneity, leading to diverse clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-L1 have shown promise in various malignancies, including breast cancer. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) has also been associated with tumor aggressiveness and prognostic potential in breast cancers. However, the expression of PD-L1 and LCN2 in breast cancer subtypes and their prognostic implications remains poorly investigated. Methods A retrospective analysis of 89 primary breast cancer cases was conducted to assess PD-L1 and LCN2 expressions using immunohistochemistry. Cases were classified into four different molecular subtypes based on ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 status. Associations between PD-L1 and LCN2 expressions and various prognostic factors were examined. Results Although low expression of LCN2 (Allred score of <3) was observed even in normal breast tissue, LCN2 expression with increasing Allred score (≥3) positively correlated with the histological grade, high Ki-67 proliferation index, and ER/PR negativity. Significant elevations of LCN2 and PD-L1 expressions were observed in triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers. Conclusion The results of the study highlight the association of LCN2 with known prognostic factors and molecular subtypes. To identify potential immunotherapy recipients, it would be useful to evaluate LCN2 as well as PD-L1 immune targets in different subgroups of breast cancer patients. Further studies with larger patient numbers are warranted to validate these observations and establish standardized scoring criteria for LCN2 expression assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheyla Ekemen
- Vocational School of Health Services, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Malaria Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science (IMSUT), the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ebru Bilir
- Residency Program, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sadia Zafar
- Residency Program, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Demir
- Department of Public Health, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Babek Tabandeh
- Department of General Surgery, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadik Toprak
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yapicier
- Department of Pathology, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Division of Malaria Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science (IMSUT), the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, Institute of Medical Science (IMSUT), the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Estêvão D, da Cruz-Ribeiro M, Cardoso AP, Costa ÂM, Oliveira MJ, Duarte TL, da Cruz TB. Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer: a balancing act. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1545-1558. [PMID: 37273145 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second deadliest malignancy worldwide. Current dietary habits are associated with increased levels of iron and heme, both of which increase the risk of developing CRC. The harmful effects of iron overload are related to the induction of iron-mediated pro-tumorigenic pathways, including carcinogenesis and hyperproliferation. On the other hand, iron deficiency may also promote CRC development and progression by contributing to genome instability, therapy resistance, and diminished immune responses. In addition to the relevance of systemic iron levels, iron-regulatory mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment are also believed to play a significant role in CRC and to influence disease outcome. Furthermore, CRC cells are more prone to escape iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) than non-malignant cells due to the constitutive activation of antioxidant genes expression. There is wide evidence that inhibition of ferroptosis may contribute to the resistance of CRC to established chemotherapeutic regimens. As such, ferroptosis inducers represent promising therapeutic drugs for CRC. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES This review addresses the complex role of iron in CRC, particularly in what concerns the consequences of iron excess or deprivation in tumor development and progression. We also dissect the regulation of cellular iron metabolism in the CRC microenvironment and emphasize the role of hypoxia and of oxidative stress (e.g. ferroptosis) in CRC. Finally, we underline some iron-related players as potential therapeutic targets against CRC malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Estêvão
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Cancer Research Institute, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miguel da Cruz-Ribeiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Cardoso
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela M Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP - Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Department, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago L Duarte
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia B da Cruz
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Akrida I, Papadaki H. Adipokines and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2419-2433. [PMID: 36715963 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for cancer development. Within the tumor microenvironment, adipocytes interact with cancer cells, immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and orchestrate several signaling pathways by secreting bioactive molecules, including adipokines. Adipokines or adipocytokines are produced predominantly by adipocytes and function as autocrine, paracrine and endocrine mediators. Adipokines can exert pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, and they play a pivotal role in the state of chronic low-grade inflammation that characterizes obesity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a complex biological process whereby epithelial cells acquire the invasive, migratory mesenchymal phenotype is well-known to be implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that there is a link between adipokines and EMT. This may contribute to the correlation that has been documented between obesity and cancer progression. This review summarizes the existing body of evidence supporting an association between the process of EMT in cancer and the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin/NAMPT, lipocalin-2/NGAL, as well as other newly discovered adipokines including chemerin, nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2, AZGP1, SFRP5 and FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Akrida
- Department of General Surgery, University General Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece.
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece.
- Department of Surgery, Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion, Greece.
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras Medical School, Rion, Greece
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4
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Živalj M, Van Ginderachter JA, Stijlemans B. Lipocalin-2: A Nurturer of Tumor Progression and a Novel Candidate for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5159. [PMID: 37958332 PMCID: PMC10648573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment (TME) exists a complex signaling network between cancer cells and stromal cells, which determines the fate of tumor progression. Hence, interfering with this signaling network forms the basis for cancer therapy. Yet, many types of cancer, in particular, solid tumors, are refractory to the currently used treatments, so there is an urgent need for novel molecular targets that could improve current anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), a secreted siderophore-binding glycoprotein that regulates iron homeostasis, is highly upregulated in various cancer types. Due to its pleiotropic role in the crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal cells, favoring tumor progression, it could be considered as a novel biomarker for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the exact signaling route by which Lcn-2 promotes tumorigenesis remains unknown, and Lcn-2-targeting moieties are largely uninvestigated. This review will (i) provide an overview on the role of Lcn-2 in orchestrating the TME at the level of iron homeostasis, macrophage polarization, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell migration and survival, and (ii) discuss the potential of Lcn-2 as a promising novel drug target that should be pursued in future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maida Živalj
- Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Worsley CM, Veale RB, Mayne ES. The effect of acute acid exposure on immunomodulatory protein secretion, cell survival, and cell cycle progression in tumour cell lines. Cytokine 2023; 162:156118. [PMID: 36584453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer develops when multiple systems fail to suppress uncontrolled cell proliferation. Breast cancers and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are common cancers prone to genetic instability. They typically occur in acidic microenvironments which impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and their influence on surrounding cells to support tumour growth and immune evasion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the acidic tumour microenvironment on the production of pro-tumorigenic and immunomodulatory factors in cancer cell lines. Multiple factors that may mediate immune evasion were secreted including IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, IP-10, GDF-15, Lipocalin-2, sICAM-1, and myoglobin. Others, such as VEGF, FGF, and EGF that are essential for tumour cell survival were also detected. Treatment with moderate acidity did not significantly affect secretion of most proteins, whereas very low pH did. Distinct differences in apoptosis were noted between the cell lines, with WHCO6 being better adapted to survive at moderate acid levels. Conditioned medium from acid-treated cells stimulated increased cell viability and proliferation in WHCO6, but increased cell death in MCF-7. This study highlights the importance of acidic tumour microenvironment in controlling apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune evasion which may be different at different anatomical sites. Immunomodulatory molecules and growth factors provide therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Worsley
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.
| | - Rob B Veale
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S Mayne
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Immunology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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6
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Mandruzzato S, Della Puppa A. Letter to the Editor Regarding "5-Aminolevulinic Acid False Positives in Cerebral Neuro-Oncology: Not All That Is Fluorescent Is Tumor. A Case-Based Update and Literature Review". World Neurosurg 2022; 161:216-217. [PMID: 35505533 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Mandruzzato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Immunology and Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Della Puppa
- Neurosurgery, Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, University Hospital of Careggi, Florence, Italy
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7
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Silva AM, Moniz T, de Castro B, Rangel M. Human transferrin: An inorganic biochemistry perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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NGAL as a Potential Target in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212333
expr 804735418 + 979474750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling network between cancer and stromal cells plays a crucial role in tumor microenvironment. The fate of tumor progression mainly depends on the huge amount of information that these cell populations exchange from the onset of neoplastic transformation. Interfering with such signaling has been producing exciting results in cancer therapy: just think of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that, acting as immune checkpoint inhibitors, interrupt the inhibitory signaling exerted by cancer cells on immune cells or the CAR-T technology that fosters the reactivation of anti-tumoral immunity in a restricted group of leukemias and lymphomas. Nevertheless, many types of cancers, in particular solid tumors, are still refractory to these treatments, so the identification of novel molecular targets in tumor secretome would benefit from implementation of current anti-cancer therapeutical strategies. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is a secreted protein abundantly expressed in the secretome of various human tumors. It represents a promising target for the multiple roles that are played inside cancer and stromal cells, and also overall in their cross-talk. The review focuses on the different roles of NGAL in tumor microenvironment and in cancer senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), highlighting the most crucial functions that could be eventually targetable in cancer therapy.
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9
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Crescenzi E, Leonardi A, Pacifico F. NGAL as a Potential Target in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12333. [PMID: 34830212 PMCID: PMC8623964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212333&set/a 915137580+984946846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling network between cancer and stromal cells plays a crucial role in tumor microenvironment. The fate of tumor progression mainly depends on the huge amount of information that these cell populations exchange from the onset of neoplastic transformation. Interfering with such signaling has been producing exciting results in cancer therapy: just think of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that, acting as immune checkpoint inhibitors, interrupt the inhibitory signaling exerted by cancer cells on immune cells or the CAR-T technology that fosters the reactivation of anti-tumoral immunity in a restricted group of leukemias and lymphomas. Nevertheless, many types of cancers, in particular solid tumors, are still refractory to these treatments, so the identification of novel molecular targets in tumor secretome would benefit from implementation of current anti-cancer therapeutical strategies. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is a secreted protein abundantly expressed in the secretome of various human tumors. It represents a promising target for the multiple roles that are played inside cancer and stromal cells, and also overall in their cross-talk. The review focuses on the different roles of NGAL in tumor microenvironment and in cancer senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), highlighting the most crucial functions that could be eventually targetable in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Crescenzi
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, Via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Pacifico
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, Via S. Pansini, 5-80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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10
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NGAL as a Potential Target in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212333. [PMID: 34830212 PMCID: PMC8623964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling network between cancer and stromal cells plays a crucial role in tumor microenvironment. The fate of tumor progression mainly depends on the huge amount of information that these cell populations exchange from the onset of neoplastic transformation. Interfering with such signaling has been producing exciting results in cancer therapy: just think of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that, acting as immune checkpoint inhibitors, interrupt the inhibitory signaling exerted by cancer cells on immune cells or the CAR-T technology that fosters the reactivation of anti-tumoral immunity in a restricted group of leukemias and lymphomas. Nevertheless, many types of cancers, in particular solid tumors, are still refractory to these treatments, so the identification of novel molecular targets in tumor secretome would benefit from implementation of current anti-cancer therapeutical strategies. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is a secreted protein abundantly expressed in the secretome of various human tumors. It represents a promising target for the multiple roles that are played inside cancer and stromal cells, and also overall in their cross-talk. The review focuses on the different roles of NGAL in tumor microenvironment and in cancer senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), highlighting the most crucial functions that could be eventually targetable in cancer therapy.
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11
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Abstract
In this review, Shen and Kang provide an overview of the tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment- and treatment-induced stresses that tumor cells encounter in the metastatic cascade and the molecular pathways they develop to relieve these stresses. Metastasis is the ultimate “survival of the fittest” test for cancer cells, as only a small fraction of disseminated tumor cells can overcome the numerous hurdles they encounter during the transition from the site of origin to a distinctly different distant organ in the face of immune and therapeutic attacks and various other stresses. During cancer progression, tumor cells develop a variety of mechanisms to cope with the stresses they encounter, and acquire the ability to form metastases. Restraining these stress-releasing pathways could serve as potentially effective strategies to prevent or reduce metastasis and improve the survival of cancer patients. Here, we provide an overview of the tumor-intrinsic, microenvironment- and treatment-induced stresses that tumor cells encounter in the metastatic cascade and the molecular pathways they develop to relieve these stresses. We also summarize the preclinical and clinical studies that evaluate the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting these stress-relieving pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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12
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Iron-Bound Lipocalin-2 from Tumor-Associated Macrophages Drives Breast Cancer Progression Independent of Ferroportin. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030180. [PMID: 33808732 PMCID: PMC8003561 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages supply iron to the breast tumor microenvironment by enforced secretion of lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2)-bound iron as well as the increased expression of the iron exporter ferroportin (FPN). We aimed at identifying the contribution of each pathway in supplying iron for the growing tumor, thereby fostering tumor progression. Analyzing the expression profiles of Lcn-2 and FPN using the spontaneous polyoma-middle-T oncogene (PyMT) breast cancer model as well as mining publicly available TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO Series(GSE) datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), we found no association between tumor parameters and Lcn-2 or FPN. However, stromal/macrophage-expression of Lcn-2 correlated with tumor onset, lung metastases, and recurrence, whereas FPN did not. While the total iron amount in wildtype and Lcn-2-/- PyMT tumors showed no difference, we observed that tumor-associated macrophages from Lcn-2-/- compared to wildtype tumors stored more iron. In contrast, Lcn-2-/- tumor cells accumulated less iron than their wildtype counterparts, translating into a low migratory and proliferative capacity of Lcn-2-/- tumor cells in a 3D tumor spheroid model in vitro. Our data suggest a pivotal role of Lcn-2 in tumor iron-management, affecting tumor growth. This study underscores the role of iron for tumor progression and the need for a better understanding of iron-targeted therapy approaches.
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Chen CT, Salunke S, Wei TT, Tang YA, Wang YC. Fluorescent Nanohybrids from ZnS/CdSe Quantum Dots Functionalized with Triantennary, N-Hydroxy- p-(4-arylbutanamido)benzamide/Gallamide Dendrons That Act as Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylase for Lung Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2475-2489. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Santosh Salunke
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yen-An Tang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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14
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Perego S, Sansoni V, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Another Weapon against Cancer and Metastasis: Physical-Activity-Dependent Effects on Adiposity and Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042005. [PMID: 33670492 PMCID: PMC7922129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically active behavior has been associated with a reduced risk of developing certain types of cancer and improved psychological conditions for patients by reducing anxiety and depression, in turn improving the quality of life of cancer patients. On the other hand, the correlations between inactivity, sedentary behavior, and overweight and obesity with the risk of development and progression of various cancers are well studied, mainly in middle-aged and elderly subjects. In this article, we have revised the evidence on the effects of physical activity on the expression and release of the adipose-tissue-derived mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation, i.e., adipokines, as well as the adipokine-mediated impacts of physical activity on tumor development, growth, and metastasis. Importantly, exercise training may be effective in mitigating the side effects related to anti-cancer treatment, thereby underlining the importance of encouraging cancer patients to engage in moderate-intensity activities. However, the strong need to customize and adapt exercises to a patient’s abilities is apparent. Besides the preventive effects of physically active behavior against the adipokine-stimulated cancer risk, it remains poorly understood how physical activity, through its actions as an adipokine, can actually influence the onset and development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
| | - Veronica Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0266214068
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Milano, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); or
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; or
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15
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Li C, Li Y, Lou L, Han X, Wang H, Huang T, Li C. The interaction between lipocalin 2 and dipyridine ketone hydrazone dithiocarbamte may influence respective function in proliferation and metastasis-related gene expressions in HepG2 cell. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:123-133. [PMID: 33449164 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
LCN2 (Lipocalins) was first identified as iron transporter through associating with its siderophores and also involved in many cancer metastases, but its function is still paradoxical. We questioned that whether LCN2 might also associate exogenous iron chelator as does in inherent way and the association may influence their respective function. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of LCN2 on action of DpdtC (2,2'-dipyridine ketone hydrazone dithiocarbamte), an iron chelator in proliferation and metastasis-related gene expression. The results showed that exogenous LCN2 and DpdtC could inhibit growth of HepG2 cells, while the combination treatment enhanced their inhibitory effect both in proliferation and colony formation. This encouraged us to investigate the effect of the interaction on metastasis-related gene expression. The results revealed that both LCN2 and DpdtC impaired the wound healing of HepG2, but the inhibitory effect of DpdtC was significantly enhanced upon association with LCN2. Undergoing epithelium-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step for cancer metastasis, LCN2 and DpdtC had opposite effects on EMT markers, the binding of DpdtC to LCN2 significantly weakened the regulation of it (or its iron chelate) on EMT markers. To insight into the interaction between LCN2 and DpdtC-iron, fluorescence titration and molecular docking were performed to obtain the association constant (~ 104 M-1) and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG = - 26.10 kJ/mol). Importantly this study provided evidence that siderophores-loading state of LCN2 may influence its function, which be helpful for understanding the contradictory role of LCN2 in the metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Lou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzheng Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Shibabaw T, Teferi B, Molla MD, Ayelign B. Inflammation Mediated Hepcidin-Ferroportin Pathway and Its Therapeutic Window in Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2020; 12:165-180. [PMID: 33116818 PMCID: PMC7585830 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s276404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical data strongly support that iron is an essential element which plays a big role in cancer biology. Thus, hepcidin (Hp) and ferroportin (Fpn) are molecules that regulate and maintain the metabolism of iron. A peptide hormone hepcidin limits recycled and stored iron fluxes in macrophage and hepatic hepatocyte, respectively, to the blood stream by promoting degradation of the only iron exporter, Fpn, in the target cells. Moreover, the inflammatory microenvironment of breast cancer and altered hepcidin/ferroportin pathway is intimately linked. Breast cancer exhibits an iron seeking phenotype that is accomplished by tumor-associated macrophage (TAM). Because macrophages contribute to breast cancer growth and progression, this review will discuss TAM with an emphasis on describing how TAM (M2Ф phenotypic) interacts with their surrounding microenvironment and results in dysregulated Hp/Fpn and pathologic accumulation of iron as a hallmark of its malignant condition. Moreover, the underlying stroma or tumor microenvironment releases significant inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and bone morphogenetic proteins like BMP-2 and 6 leading in aberrant Hp/Fpn pathways in breast cancer. Inflammation is primarily associated with the high intracellular iron levels, deregulated hepcidin/ferroportin pathway, and its upstream signaling in breast cancer. Subsequently, scholars have been reported that reducing iron level and manipulating the signaling molecules involved in iron metabolism can be used as a promising strategy of tumor chemotherapy. Here, we review the key molecular aspects of iron metabolism and its regulatory mechanisms of the hepcidin/ferroportin pathways and its current therapeutic strategies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Banchamlak Teferi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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17
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Phiwchai I, Thongtem T, Thongtem S, Pilapong C. Liver Cancer Cells Uptake Labile Iron via L-type Calcium Channel to Facilitate the Cancer Cell Proliferation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 79:133-139. [PMID: 33064258 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we studied the effect of labile iron (ferric chloride) on the progression of liver cancer cells (HepG2.2.15). The iron was found to induce cell proliferation, growth, and migration in both traditional two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional cell (3D) culture models. Biophysical and cell cycle determinations also showed the change in functional cellular biophysical features (cell morphology) and cell cycle kinetic during cancer cell growth induced by the labile iron. According to immunofluorescence and the iron uptake inhibition studies, L-type calcium channel was found to plays a role in the iron uptake in the liver cancer cells. This report gives new insights into iron-mediated cancer cell growth and will pave the new way to diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isara Phiwchai
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Titipun Thongtem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Somchai Thongtem
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chalermchai Pilapong
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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18
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Liu C, Zhao Q, Yu X. Bone Marrow Adipocytes, Adipocytokines, and Breast Cancer Cells: Novel Implications in Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:561595. [PMID: 33123472 PMCID: PMC7566900 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.561595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating discoveries highlight the importance of interaction between marrow stromal cells and cancer cells for bone metastasis. Bone is the most common metastatic site of breast cancer and bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are the most abundant component of the bone marrow microenvironment. BMAs are unique in their origin and location, and recently they are found to serve as an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. It is reasonable to speculate that BMAs contribute to the modification of bone metastatic microenvironment and affecting metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone marrow. Indeed, BMAs may participate in bone metastasis of breast cancer through regulation of recruitment, invasion, survival, colonization, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune modulation by their production of various adipocytokines. In this review, we provide an overview of research progress, focusing on adipocytokines secreted by BMAs and their potential roles for bone metastasis of breast cancer, and investigating the mechanisms mediating the interaction between BMAs and metastatic breast cancer cells. Based on current findings, BMAs may function as a pivotal modulator of bone metastasis of breast cancer, therefore targeting BMAs combined with conventional treatment programs might present a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Ponnulakshmi R, Rekha UV, Padmini R, Perumal S, Saravanan R, Vishnupriya V, Vijayalakshmi P, Selvaraj J. Molecular docking analysis of docetaxel analogues as duel lipocalin 2 inhibitors. Bioinformation 2020; 16:438-443. [PMID: 32884206 PMCID: PMC7452746 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2, also called as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is a member of the lipocalin family and a known target for breast cancer. Therefore, it is of interest
to use Docetaxel as a scaffold to design molecules with improved efficiency from naturally derived phytochemicals. We document 10 analogues (4Deacetyltaxol, 7Acetyltaxol, Cabazitaxel,
Cephalomannine, Docetaxal, Deacetyltaxol, Docetaxeltrihydrate, Ortataxel, Paclitaxel, Taxoline) having optimal binding with Lipocalin 2 in comparison with Docetaxel. This data is highly
useful for consideration in the design and development of drugs for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Ponnulakshmi
- Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai-600 078, India
| | - Umapathy Vidhya Rekha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai-600 100, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Padmini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of life science, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai-117, India
| | - Srinivasan Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of life science, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai-117, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Madhuranthagam, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeraraghavan Vishnupriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Periyasamy Vijayalakshmi
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Trichy- 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Selvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
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20
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Abdelsameea E, Nada A, Omar N, Saleh SM, Naguib M, El-Ezawy HEDM, Bakry L, Elsabaawy M. Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin a Possible Diagnostic Marker for Egyptian Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2259-2264. [PMID: 32856853 PMCID: PMC7771944 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most effective method for reducing mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is early diagnosis. Despite its lack of adequate sensitivity, ultrasound is considered fundamental for HCC screening. AIM to evaluate urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as non-invasive marker for HCC diagnosis in Egyptian patients. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients were divided into three groups (40 patients each): patients with chronic viral hepatitis (HCV or HBV), cirrhotic patients and HCC patients and 40 healthy age and gender matched subjects were enrolled as control group. After clinical assessments, urinary NGAL was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Our results revealed that median level of urinary NGAL was 290, 834, 1090 and 1925 pg/ml in control, chronic hepatitis, cirrhotic and HCC groups respectively among studied groups (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that urinary NGAL cutoff value of 1255 ng/ml could discriminate between HCC and cirrhosis. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.95 with 90% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity (p-value <0.001). In HCC group, urine NGAL level didn`t show significant correlation with Child Pugh score, MELD score or Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage. CONCLUSION Urinary NGAL could be a simple, non-invasive test for diagnosis of HCC in chronic liver disease patients.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelsameea
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Ali Nada
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Nabil Omar
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Saleh M Saleh
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mary Naguib
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Hosam El-Din M El-Ezawy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Bakry
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Maha Elsabaawy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
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21
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Identification of candidate aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes in Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9735. [PMID: 32546690 PMCID: PMC7297810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylated genes (DMGs) play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aimed to integrate three cohorts profile datasets to ascertain aberrant methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with ESCC by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. We downloaded data of gene expression microarrays (GSE20347, GSE38129) and gene methylation microarrays (GSE52826) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Aberrantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by GEO2R tool. The David database was then used to perform Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway enrichment analyses on selected genes. STRING and Cytoscape software were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, then the modules in the PPI networks were analyzed with MCODE and the hub genes chose from the PPI networks were verified by Oncomine and TCGA database. In total, 291 hypomethylation-high expression genes and 168 hypermethylation-low expression genes were identified at the screening step, and finally found six mostly changed hub genes including KIF14, CDK1, AURKA, LCN2, TGM1, and DSG1. Pathway analysis indicated that aberrantly methylated DEGs mainly associated with the P13K-AKT signaling, cAMP signaling and cell cycle process. After validation in multiple databases, most hub genes remained significant. Patients with high expression of AURKA were associated with shorter overall survival. To summarize, we have identified six feasible aberrant methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways in ESCC by bioinformatics analysis, potentially providing valuable information for the molecular mechanisms of ESCC. Our data combined the analysis of gene expression profiling microarrays and gene methylation profiling microarrays, simultaneously, and in this way, it can shed a light for screening and diagnosis of ESCC in future.
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22
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Zhou N, Ma X, Bernaerts KV, Ren P, Hu W, Zhang T. Expansion of Ovarian Cancer Stem-like Cells in Poly(ethylene glycol)-Cross-Linked Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) and Alginate Double-Network Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3310-3326. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naizhen Zhou
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoe Ma
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Katrien V. Bernaerts
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Pengfei Ren
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wanjun Hu
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tianzhu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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23
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Implication and role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in cancer: lipocalin-2 as a potential novel emerging comprehensive therapeutic target for a variety of cancer types. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2327-2346. [PMID: 31970626 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of mortalities worldwide. Over the past few decades, exploration of molecular mechanisms behind cancer initiation and progression has been of great interest in the viewpoint of both basic and clinical scientists. It is generally believed that identification of key molecules implicated in cancer pathology not only improves our understanding of the disease, but also could result in introduction of novel therapeutic strategies. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)/lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of lipocalin superfamily with a variety of functions. Although the main function of LCN2 is still unknown, many studies confirmed its significant role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of various types of cancer. Furthermore, aberrant expression of LCN2 is also concerned with the chemo- and radio-resistant phenotypes of tumors. Here, we will review the contribution of known functions of LCN2 to the pathophysiology of cancer. We also highlight how the deregulated expression of LCN2 is associated with a variety of fatal types of cancer for which there are no effective therapeutic modalities. The unique and multiple functions of LCN2 and its widespread expression in different types of cancer prompted us to suggest LCN2 could be considered either as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker or as a potential novel therapeutic target.
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24
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Abstract
Cancer metabolism is a well-known target of cancer therapeutics. Classically, cancer metabolism has been studied in terms of the dependence of cancer cells on crucial metabolites, such as glucose and glutamine. But, the accumulating data show that iron metabolism in tumor microenvironment is also an important factor in preserving the survival of cancer cells. Cancer cells have a distinct phenotype of iron metabolism, which secures the much-needed iron for these metabolically active cells. In order to use this iron efficiently, cancer cells need to increase their iron supply and decrease iron loss. As recent research suggests, this is not only done by modifying the expression of iron-related proteins in cancer cells, but also by interaction of cancer cells with other cells from the tumor milieu. Tumor microenvironment is a dynamic environment characterized with intricate relationship between cancer cells, tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells. Some of the mechanistic aspects of this relationship have been elucidated, while others are yet to be identified. In any case, identifying the details of the iron phenotype of the cells in tumor microenvironment presents with a new therapeutic opportunity to treat this deadly disease.
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25
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Rehwald C, Schnetz M, Urbschat A, Mertens C, Meier JK, Bauer R, Baer P, Winslow S, Roos FC, Zwicker K, Huard A, Weigert A, Brüne B, Jung M. The iron load of lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) defines its pro-tumour function in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:421-433. [PMID: 31772326 PMCID: PMC7000824 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed at clarifying the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Since LCN-2 was recently identified as a novel iron transporter, we explored its iron load as a decisive factor in conferring its biological function. METHODS LCN-2 expression was analysed at the mRNA and protein level by using immunohistochemistry, RNAscope® and qRT-PCR in patients diagnosed with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma compared with adjacent healthy tissue. We measured LCN-2-bound iron by atomic absorption spectrometry from patient-derived samples and applied functional assays by using ccRCC cell lines, primary cells, and 3D tumour spheroids to verify the role of the LCN-2 iron load in tumour progression. RESULTS LCN-2 was associated with poor patient survival and LCN-2 mRNA clustered in high- and low-expressing ccRCC patients. LCN-2 protein was found overexpressed in tumour compared with adjacent healthy tissue, whereby LCN-2 was iron loaded. In vitro, the iron load determines the biological function of LCN-2. Iron-loaded LCN-2 showed pro-tumour functions, whereas iron-free LCN-2 produced adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS We provide new insights into the pro-tumour function of LCN-2. LCN-2 donates iron to cells to promote migration and matrix adhesion. Since the iron load of LCN-2 determines its pro-tumour characteristics, targeting either its iron load or its receptor interaction might represent new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rehwald
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Schnetz
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Urbschat
- Institute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia K Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rebekka Bauer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Baer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sofia Winslow
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik C Roos
- Clinic of Urology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Zwicker
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.,Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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26
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Dong Y, Qu X, Wu G, Luo X, Tang B, Wu F, Fan L, Dev S, Liang T. Advances in the Detection, Mechanism and Therapy of Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4235-4250. [PMID: 31742493 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191119094354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterized by the gradual loss of renal mass and functions. It has become a global health problem, with hundreds of millions of people being affected. Both its incidence and prevalence are increasing over time. More than $20,000 are spent on each patient per year. The economic burden on the patients, as well as the society, is heavy and their life quality worsen over time. However, there are still limited effective therapeutic strategies for CKD. Patients mainly rely on dialysis and renal transplantation, which cannot prevent all the complications of CKD. Great efforts are needed in understanding the nature of CKD progression as well as developing effective therapeutic methods, including pharmacological agents. This paper reviews three aspects in the research of CKD that may show great interests to those who devote to bioanalysis, biomedicine and drug development, including important endogenous biomarkers quantification, mechanisms underlying CKD progression and current status of CKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Department of Urology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaosheng Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Changgang Road, 530023, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Urology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangdong Luo
- Department of Urology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011, Nanning, China
| | - Botao Tang
- Department of Urology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011, Nanning, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, No. 189, Changgang Road, 530023, Nanning, China
| | - Lanlan Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530001, Nanning, China
| | - Sooranna Dev
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369, Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Taisheng Liang
- Department of Urology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 530011, Nanning, China
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27
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Wang F, Lv H, Zhao B, Zhou L, Wang S, Luo J, Liu J, Shang P. Iron and leukemia: new insights for future treatments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:406. [PMID: 31519186 PMCID: PMC6743129 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron, an indispensable element for life, is involved in all kinds of important physiological activities. Iron promotes cell growth and proliferation, but it also causes oxidative stress damage. The body has a strict regulation mechanism of iron metabolism due to its potential toxicity. As a cancer of the bone marrow and blood cells, leukemia threatens human health seriously. Current studies suggest that dysregulation of iron metabolism and subsequent accumulation of excess iron are closely associated with the occurrence and progress of leukemia. Specifically, excess iron promotes the development of leukemia due to the pro-oxidative nature of iron and its damaging effects on DNA. On the other hand, leukemia cells acquire large amounts of iron to maintain rapid growth and proliferation. Therefore, targeting iron metabolism may provide new insights for approaches to the treatment of leukemia. This review summarizes physiologic iron metabolism, alternations of iron metabolism in leukemia and therapeutic opportunities of targeting the altered iron metabolism in leukemia, with a focus on acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.,Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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28
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Chen Z, Zhang P, Xu Y, Yan J, Liu Z, Lau WB, Lau B, Li Y, Zhao X, Wei Y, Zhou S. Surgical stress and cancer progression: the twisted tango. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:132. [PMID: 31477121 PMCID: PMC6717988 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is an important avenue for cancer treatment, which, in most cases, can effectively alleviate the patient symptoms. However, accumulating evidence has documented that surgical resection potentially enhances metastatic seeding of tumor cells. In this review, we revisit the literature on surgical stress, and outline the mechanisms by which surgical stress, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, activation of sympathetic nervous system, inflammation, systemically hypercoagulable state, immune suppression and effects of anesthetic agents, promotes tumor metastasis. We also propose preventive strategies or resolution of tumor metastasis caused by surgical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bonnie Lau
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Santa Clara Medical Center, Affiliate of Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Rahimi S, Roushandeh AM, Ebrahimi A, Samadani AA, Kuwahara Y, Roudkenar MH. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Lcn2 effectively enhanced CDDP-induced apoptosis and reduced cell migration capacity of PC3 cells. Life Sci 2019; 231:116586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Tumor-associated macrophages and individual chemo-susceptibility are influenced by iron chelation in human slice cultures of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4731-4742. [PMID: 31413815 PMCID: PMC6677664 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and high levels of ferritin and lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) in the tumor microenvironment are associated with poor prognosis in many types of cancer. Here we investigate whether iron deprivation influences TAM phenotype and chemotherapy resistance in tumor slice cultures (TSC) of gastric cancer. Results: TAM remained morphologically and functionally stable for four DIV. DFO treatment for 72 h decreased ferritin expression in TAM and in the tumor stroma but did not alter Lcn2 expression. TAM phenotype was altered after 72 h of cisplatin or DFO treatment compared with control conditions. Single DFO treatment and combined treatment with cytotoxic drugs significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis in TSC of gastric cancer. Methods: TSC were manufactured by cutting tissue of gastric cancer resection specimens in 350 μm thick slices and cultivating them under standard conditions on a filter membrane, at an air-liquid interface. After 24 h ex vivo, TSC were treated with irinotecan (100 nM) or cisplatin (10 μM) alone and in combination with deferoxamine (DFO; 10 μM, 100 μM), respectively, for 72 h. After four days in vitro (DIV) the TSC were fixated with paraformaldehyde, paraffin embedded and analyzed by immunohistochemistry for apoptosis (cPARP), proliferation (Ki67), TAM (CD68, CD163), ferritin, and Lcn2 expression. Conclusions: TAM are well preserved and can be studied in TSC of gastric cancer. Iron deprivation significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis.
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31
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Levina A, Lay PA. Transferrin Cycle and Clinical Roles of Citrate and Ascorbate in Improved Iron Metabolism. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:893-900. [PMID: 30973710 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fe(III) delivery from blood plasma to cells via the transferrin (Tf) cycle was studied intensively due to its crucial role in Fe homeostasis. Tf-cycle disruptions are linked to anemia, infections, immunodeficiency, and neurodegeneration. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) enabled direct kinetic and thermodynamic measurements for all Tf-cycle steps in a single in vitro experiment using Tf within blood serum or released into the medium by cultured liver cells. In these media, known Tf cycle features were reproduced, and unprecedented insights were gained into conditions of rapid endosomal (pH 5.6) Fe(III) release from the Tf-Tf receptor 1 (TfR1) adduct. This release occurred via synergistic citrate and ascorbate effects, which pointed to respective roles as the likely elusive Fe chelator and reductant within the Tf cycle. These results explain enhanced cellular Fe uptake by ascorbate, the clinical efficacy of anemia treatment with Fe citrate and ascorbate, and dietary effects associated with loss of Fe homeostasis, including the large health burden of infections and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A. Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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32
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Popescu ID, Zipeto D, Tzanakakis G, Nikitovic D, Fenga C, Stratakis CA, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM. Inflammation and Metabolism in Cancer Cell-Mitochondria Key Player. Front Oncol 2019; 9:348. [PMID: 31139559 PMCID: PMC6527883 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism is an essential aspect of tumorigenesis, as cancer cells have increased energy requirements in comparison to normal cells. Thus, an enhanced metabolism is needed in order to accommodate tumor cells' accelerated biological functions, including increased proliferation, vigorous migration during metastasis, and adaptation to different tissues from the primary invasion site. In this context, the assessment of tumor cell metabolic pathways generates crucial data pertaining to the mechanisms through which tumor cells survive and grow in a milieu of host defense mechanisms. Indeed, various studies have demonstrated that the metabolic signature of tumors is heterogeneous. Furthermore, these metabolic changes induce the exacerbated production of several molecules, which result in alterations that aid an inflammatory milieu. The therapeutic armentarium for oncology should thus include metabolic and inflammation regulators. Our expanding knowledge of the metabolic behavior of tumor cells, whether from solid tumors or hematologic malignancies, may provide the basis for the development of tailor-made cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School, Biology Faculty, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Dana Popescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Donato Zipeto
- Department Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images Department, Occupational Medicine Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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33
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Shoja Z, Chenari M, Jafarpour A, Jalilvand S. Role of iron in cancer development by viruses. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2045. [PMID: 30994254 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of iron in body are attributed to higher cancer risk. Given the fact that 16% of all human cancers are caused by viral infections, iron is suggested to play an important role in carcinogenesis particularly those induced by viral infections. The present study provides an updated summary of the literature and the plausible mechanisms of iron involvement in cancer development by viruses. Our understanding about the interplay between viral infections and iron in different settings particularly cancer development is yet to be improved as it may shed a new light in development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Chenari
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarpour
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Jung M, Mertens C, Tomat E, Brüne B. Iron as a Central Player and Promising Target in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020273. [PMID: 30641920 PMCID: PMC6359419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for virtually all organisms. On the one hand, it facilitates cell proliferation and growth. On the other hand, iron may be detrimental due to its redox abilities, thereby contributing to free radical formation, which in turn may provoke oxidative stress and DNA damage. Iron also plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis due to its major function in tumor cell survival and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, pathways of iron acquisition, export, and storage are often perturbed in cancers, suggesting that targeting iron metabolic pathways might represent opportunities towards innovative approaches in cancer treatment. Recent evidence points to a crucial role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as a source of iron within the tumor microenvironment, implying that specifically targeting the TAM iron pool might add to the efficacy of tumor therapy. Here, we provide a brief summary of tumor cell iron metabolism and updated molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular and systemic iron homeostasis with regard to the development of cancer. Since iron adds to shaping major hallmarks of cancer, we emphasize innovative therapeutic strategies to address the iron pool of tumor cells or cells of the tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
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35
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Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, Weiss G, Nairz M. Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots. Front Oncol 2018; 8:549. [PMID: 30534534 PMCID: PMC6275298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute to mutagenicity and malignant transformation. Once transformed, malignant cells require high amounts of iron for proliferation. In addition, iron has multiple regulatory effects on the immune system, thus affecting tumor surveillance by immune cells. For these reasons, inconsiderate iron supplementation in cancer patients has the potential of worsening disease course and outcome. On the other hand, chronic immune activation in the setting of malignancy alters systemic iron homeostasis and directs iron fluxes into myeloid cells. While this response aims at withdrawing iron from tumor cells, it may impair the effector functions of tumor-associated macrophages and will result in iron-restricted erythropoiesis and the development of anemia, subsequently. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interconnections of iron homeostasis with cancer biology, discusses current clinical controversies in the treatment of anemia of cancer and focuses on the potential roles of iron in the solid tumor microenvironment, also speculating on yet unknown molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Simonneau M, Frouin E, Huguier V, Jermidi C, Jégou JF, Godet J, Barra A, Paris I, Levillain P, Cordier-Dirikoc S, Pedretti N, Bernard FX, Lecron JC, Morel F, Favot L. Oncostatin M is overexpressed in skin squamous-cell carcinoma and promotes tumor progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36457-36473. [PMID: 30559930 PMCID: PMC6284862 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common keratinocyte malignancy and accounts for 20% of skin cancer deaths. Cancer is closely related to inflammation, but the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to cSCC development is poorly understood. We previously showed that oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine belonging to the IL-6 family, promotes normal keratinocyte proliferation and migration, skin inflammation, and epidermal hyperplasia, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that OSM is overexpressed in human cSCC and is associated with type 1 immune polarization. In vitro, OSM induced STAT-3 and ERK signaling, modified the expression of genes involved in cytokine signaling, proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and immune responses, and promoted proliferation and migration of malignant keratinocyte PDVC57 cells. PDVC57 cells grafted in the skin of mice led to rapid cSCC development, associated with OSM expression by tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. Finally, the absence of OSM (OSM-KO mice) led to a 30% reduction of tumor size and reduced M2 polarization in the tumor microenvironment. Globally, these results support a pro-tumoral role of OSM in cSCC development and suggest that a new therapeutic approach targeting this cytokine could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Frouin
- LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Vincent Huguier
- LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Cynthia Jermidi
- LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Anne Barra
- LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Isabelle Paris
- LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Claude Lecron
- LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Laure Favot
- LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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37
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Constantin C, Lupu AR, Fertig TE, Gherghiceanu M, Pop S, Ion RM, Neagu M. Unveiling Ga(III) phthalocyanine-a different photosensitizer in neuroblastoma cellular model. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1086-1094. [PMID: 30451363 PMCID: PMC6349146 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pc) and their metallated derivatives are strongly considered for photodynamic therapy (PDT) possessing unique properties as possible new photosensitizers (PS). We have used toxicological assessments, real-time monitoring of cellular impedance, and imagistic measurements for assessing the in vitro dark toxicity and PDT efficacy of Ga(III)-Pc in SHSy5Y neuroblastoma cells. We have established the non-toxic concentration range of Ga(III)-Pc, a compound which shows a high intracellular accumulation, with perinuclear distribution in confocal microscopy. By choosing Ga(III)Pc non-toxic dose, we performed in vitro experimental PDT hampering cellular proliferation. Our proposed Ga(III)-Pc could complete a future PS panel for neuroblastoma alternate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, "Colentina" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Roxana Lupu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Emanuel Fertig
- The Pathology Unit, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- The Pathology Unit, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sevinci Pop
- Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica-Mariana Ion
- Nanomedicine Research Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Pathology Department, "Colentina" Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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38
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Hu C, Yang K, Li M, Huang W, Zhang F, Wang H. Lipocalin 2: a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer metastasis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:8099-8106. [PMID: 30519052 PMCID: PMC6239117 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s181223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although systematic therapeutic approaches have reduced cancer-associated mortality, metastatic breast cancer can still evade therapy, particularly triple-negative breast cancer, which remains associated with high rates of cancer metastasis and has the worst clinical prognosis. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted glycoprotein that transports small lipophilic ligands. Its abnormal expression serves critical roles in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, angiogenesis, and cell migration and invasion in breast cancer. Notably, LCN2 functions as an initiator of carcinogenesis and metastasis by involving multiple signaling pathways. The present review aims to summarize research findings on the abnormal expression of LCN2 in breast cancer progression. Furthermore, the review highlights the latest developments of potential LCN2-targeting agents and proposed LCN2-associated molecular mechanisms with regard to breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Huang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
| | - Hongqi Wang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,
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39
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Shen Y, Li X, Zhao B, Xue Y, Wang S, Chen X, Yang J, Lv H, Shang P. Iron metabolism gene expression and prognostic features of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9178-9204. [PMID: 30076742 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron metabolism is crucial to hepatocellular carcinoma progression and is a key determinant of prognosis. Protein-protein interactions within the iron metabolism gene network were analyzed using the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's Search Tool for Recurring Instances of Neighbouring Genes/Proteins database. We obtained 423 liver hepatocellular carcinoma gene expression profiles from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The expression and pathway enrichment of representative iron intake genes (TFRC and DMT1), utilization genes (FTH1, FTL, HIF1A, HMOX1, SLC25A37, and SLC25A38), and efflux genes (FLVCR1 and SLC40A1) was investigated in tumor and adjacent tissues. We determined the relationship between iron metabolism and the prognostic features of liver hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver metabolism genes TFRC and FLVCR1 were related to survival, disease status, and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results provide novel insight into liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanru Xue
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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40
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NGAL promotes recruitment of tumor infiltrating leukocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30761-30772. [PMID: 30112105 PMCID: PMC6089389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is strongly expressed in thyroid carcinomas, especially of anaplastic type, where it protects neoplastic cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis and enhances tumor invasivity by regulating MMP-9 activity. Here we demonstrate that NGAL-containing conditioned medium from human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells is able to induce monocyte migration via up-regulation of a number of different chemokines. The enhanced chemokines transcription is due to the NGAL-mediated intracellular iron uptake. Very importantly, mice tumor allografts raised from subcutaneous injection of syngeneic colon carcinoma cell lines, expressing high levels of NGAL, show a dense leukocyte infiltrate which strongly decreases in tumor allografts from NGAL-depleted cell injected mice. Our results indicate that the NGAL promotes leukocytes recruitment in tumor microenvironment through iron-mediated chemokines production.
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41
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Zhou L, Zhao B, Zhang L, Wang S, Dong D, Lv H, Shang P. Alterations in Cellular Iron Metabolism Provide More Therapeutic Opportunities for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1545. [PMID: 29789480 PMCID: PMC5983609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for the growth and proliferation of cells. Cellular iron uptake, storage, utilization and export are tightly regulated to maintain iron homeostasis. However, cellular iron metabolism pathways are disturbed in most cancer cells. To maintain rapid growth and proliferation, cancer cells acquire large amounts of iron by altering expression of iron metabolism- related proteins. In this paper, normal cellular iron metabolism and the alterations of iron metabolic pathways in cancer cells were summarized. Therapeutic strategies based on targeting the altered iron metabolism were also discussed and disrupting redox homeostasis by intracellular high levels of iron provides new insight for cancer therapy. Altered iron metabolism constitutes a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfu Zhou
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Lixiu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Dandan Dong
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Melero JL, Andrades S, Arola L, Romeu A. Deciphering psoriasis. A bioinformatic approach. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 89:120-126. [PMID: 29239787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, inflammatory and hyperproliferative disease of the skin and joints. The cause of psoriasis is still unknown. The fundamental feature of the disease is the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and the recruitment of cells from the immune system in the region of the affected skin, which leads to deregulation of many well-known gene expressions. OBJECTIVE Based on data mining and bioinformatic scripting, here we show a new dimension of the effect of psoriasis at the genomic level. METHODS Using our own pipeline of scripts in Perl and MySql and based on the freely available NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database: DataSet Record GDS4602 (Series GSE13355), we explore the extent of the effect of psoriasis on gene expression in the affected tissue. RESULTS We give greater insight into the effects of psoriasis on the up-regulation of some genes in the cell cycle (CCNB1, CCNA2, CCNE2, CDK1) or the dynamin system (GBPs, MXs, MFN1), as well as the down-regulation of typical antioxidant genes (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutases, SOD1-3; and glutathione reductase, GSR). We also provide a complete list of the human genes and how they respond in a state of psoriasis. CONCLUSION Our results show that psoriasis affects all chromosomes and many biological functions. If we further consider the stable and mitotically inheritable character of the psoriasis phenotype, and the influence of environmental factors, then it seems that psoriasis has an epigenetic origin. This fit well with the strong hereditary character of the disease as well as its complex genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Melero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sergi Andrades
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Romeu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain.
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Rabold K, Netea MG, Adema GJ, Netea-Maier RT. Cellular metabolism of tumor-associated macrophages - functional impact and consequences. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3022-3041. [PMID: 28771701 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that play a role not only in host defense against infections, but also in the pathophysiology of autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, as well as cancer. An important feature of macrophages is their high plasticity, with high ability to adapt to environmental changes by adjusting their cellular metabolism and immunological phenotype. Macrophages are one of the most abundant innate immune cells within the tumor microenvironment that have been associated with tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and poor prognosis. In the context of cancer, however, so far little is known about metabolic changes in macrophages, which have been shown to determine functional fate of the cells in other diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the cellular metabolism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and discuss its implications for cell function. Understanding the regulation of the cellular metabolism of TAMs may reveal novel therapeutic targets for treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rabold
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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