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Lv X, Liu Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Qu Y, Cai Q. Metabonomics and pharmacodynamics studies of Gentiana radix and wine-processed Gentiana radix in damp-heat jaundice syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118291. [PMID: 38705427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gentiana radix (GR) and wine-processed Gentiana radix (WGR) have been commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of bile or liver disorders, including jaundice, hepatitis, swelling and inflammation for thousands of years. However, the therapeutic effects of gentian root (GR) and wine-made gentian root (WGR) treatment on damp-heat jaundice syndrome (DHJS) have not been studied in animal experiments. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of GR and WGR on DHJS in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a high-fat and high-sugar diet in a humidified hot environment, hepatic injury induced by giving alpha-naphthalene isothiocyanate (ANIT) in rats were used as a DHJS model. Histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PCR analysis, and metabolomics were used to elucidate the mechanism of GR and WGR for DHJS. RESULTS The results indicated that GR and WGR affected DHJS by inhibiting the release of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (D-BIL), total bilirubin (TBIL), total bile acid (TBA), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferase (GST) (P < 0.05). In addition, they significantly reduced the gene expression levels of Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), bile salt export pump (BESP), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3) (P < 0.05). The WGR group improved the above function indicators better than the GR group. GR and WGR could restore 11 potential biomarkers in rats with DHJS tended to return to normal levels, these biomarkers were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, retinol metabolism, arginine biosynthesis. The results of the metabolic pathway showed that WGR was significantly better than GR in the improvement of porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that treatment with GR and WGR has a beneficial effect on DHJS in rats, the major mechanisms may be involved in improving functional indicators of the body and endogenous metabolism, and WGR is more effective than GR. It provides important evidence for the clinical application of GR and WGR in the treatment of DHJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77, 1st Life Road, D D Port, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhi Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77, 1st Life Road, D D Port, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, 2, Dagong Road, Liaodongwan New District, Panjin, 124221, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujing Liu
- Shenyang Institute for Food and Drug Control, 67, Qiuyue Lake Street, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77, 1st Life Road, D D Port, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77, 1st Life Road, D D Port, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77, 1st Life Road, D D Port, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Brady A, Sheneman KR, Pulsifer AR, Price SL, Garrison TM, Maddipati KR, Bodduluri SR, Pan J, Boyd NL, Zheng JJ, Rai SN, Hellmann J, Haribabu B, Uriarte SM, Lawrenz MB. Type 3 secretion system induced leukotriene B4 synthesis by leukocytes is actively inhibited by Yersinia pestis to evade early immune recognition. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011280. [PMID: 38271464 PMCID: PMC10846697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Subverting the host immune response to inhibit inflammation is a key virulence strategy of Yersinia pestis. The inflammatory cascade is tightly controlled via the sequential action of lipid and protein mediators of inflammation. Because delayed inflammation is essential for Y. pestis to cause lethal infection, defining the Y. pestis mechanisms to manipulate the inflammatory cascade is necessary to understand this pathogen's virulence. While previous studies have established that Y. pestis actively inhibits the expression of host proteins that mediate inflammation, there is currently a gap in our understanding of the inflammatory lipid mediator response during plague. Here we used the murine model to define the kinetics of the synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a pro-inflammatory lipid chemoattractant and immune cell activator, within the lungs during pneumonic plague. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exogenous administration of LTB4 prior to infection limited bacterial proliferation, suggesting that the absence of LTB4 synthesis during plague contributes to Y. pestis immune evasion. Using primary leukocytes from mice and humans further revealed that Y. pestis actively inhibits the synthesis of LTB4. Finally, using Y. pestis mutants in the Ysc type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and Yersinia outer protein (Yop) effectors, we demonstrate that leukocytes recognize the T3SS to initiate the rapid synthesis of LTB4. However, several Yop effectors secreted through the T3SS effectively inhibit this host response. Together, these data demonstrate that Y. pestis actively inhibits the synthesis of the inflammatory lipid LTB4 contributing to the delay in the inflammatory cascade required for rapid recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Katelyn R. Sheneman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Pulsifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Taylor M. Garrison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sobha R. Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nolan L. Boyd
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jing-Juan Zheng
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Deptartment of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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3
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Kalyvianaki K, Salampasi EM, Katsoulieris EN, Boukla E, Vogiatzoglou AP, Notas G, Castanas E, Kampa M. 5-Oxo-ETE/OXER1: A Link between Tumor Cells and Macrophages Leading to Regulation of Migration. Molecules 2023; 29:224. [PMID: 38202807 PMCID: PMC10780139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important factor in the development of cancer. Macrophages found in tumors, known as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), are key players in this process, promoting tumor growth through humoral and cellular mechanisms. 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), an arachidonic acid metabolite, has been described to possess a potent chemoattractant activity for human white blood cells (WBCs). The biological actions of 5-oxo-ETE are mediated through the GPCR 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid receptor (OXER1). In addition, we have previously reported OXER1 as one of the membrane androgen receptors with testosterone antagonizing 5-oxo-ETE's actions. OXER1 is highly expressed in inflammatory cells and many normal and cancer tissues and cells, including prostate and breast cancer, promoting cancer cell survival. In the present study we investigate the expression and role of OXER1 in WBCs, THP-1 monocytes, and THP-1 derived macrophages, as well as its possible role in the interaction between macrophages and cancer cells (DU-145 and T47D). We report that OXER1 is differentially expressed between WBCs and macrophages and that receptor expression is modified by LPS treatment. Our results show that testosterone and 5-oxo-ETE can act in an antagonistic way affecting Ca2+ movements, migration, and cytokines' expression in immune-related cells, in a differentiation-dependent manner. Finally, we report that 5-oxo-ETE, through OXER1, can attract macrophages to the tumor site while tumor cells' OXER1 activation in DU-145 prostate and T47D breast cancer cells, by macrophages, induces actin cytoskeletal changes and increases their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.S.); (E.N.K.); (E.B.); (A.P.V.); (G.N.)
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.S.); (E.N.K.); (E.B.); (A.P.V.); (G.N.)
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Rouschop SH, Smolinska A, Gielen M, de Groot RHM, Zeegers MP, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RW. Maternal fatty acid status during pregnancy versus offspring inflammatory markers: a canonical correlation analysis of the MEFAB cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1264278. [PMID: 37927506 PMCID: PMC10620499 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1264278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of inflammatory lung disorders in children may be related to maternal fatty acid intake during pregnancy. We therefore examined maternal fatty acid (FA) status during pregnancy and its associations with inflammatory markers and lung conditions in the child by analyzing data from the MEFAB cohort using multivariate canonical correlation analysis (CCA). In the MEFAB cohort, 39 different phospholipid FAs were measured in maternal plasma at 16, 22 and 32 weeks of pregnancy, and at day of birth. Child inflammatory markers and self-reported doctor diagnosis of inflammatory lung disorders were assessed at 7 years of age. Using CCA, we found that maternal FA levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with child inflammatory markers at 7 years of age and that Mead acid (20:3n-9) was the most important FA for this correlation. To further verify the importance of Mead acid, we examined the relation between maternal Mead acid levels at the day of birth with the development of inflammatory lung disorders in children at age 7. After stratification for the child's sex, maternal Mead acid levels at day of birth were significantly related with self-reported doctor diagnosis of asthma and lung infections in boys, and bronchitis and total number of lung disorders in girls. Future studies should investigate whether the importance of Mead acid in the relation between maternal FA status and inflammation and lung disorders in the child is due to its role as biomarker for essential fatty acid deficiency or due to its own biological function as pro-inflammatory mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Rouschop
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marij Gielen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Renate H. M. de Groot
- Department Conditions for Life Long Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Nederlandse Voedsel en Warenautoriteit (NVWA), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frederik J. van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roger W. Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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5
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Cooke M, Zhang S, Cornejo Maciel F, Kazanietz MG. Gi/o GPCRs drive the formation of actin-rich tunneling nanotubes in cancer cells via a Gβγ/PKCα/FARP1/Cdc42 axis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104983. [PMID: 37390986 PMCID: PMC10374973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional association between stimulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by eicosanoids and actin cytoskeleton reorganization remains largely unexplored. Using a model of human adrenocortical cancer cells, here we established that activation of the GPCR OXER1 by its natural agonist, the eicosanoid 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, leads to the formation of filopodia-like elongated projections connecting adjacent cells, known as tunneling nanotube (TNT)-like structures. This effect is reduced by pertussis toxin and GUE1654, a biased antagonist for the Gβγ pathway downstream of OXER1 activation. We also observed pertussis toxin-dependent TNT biogenesis in response to lysophosphatidic acid, indicative of a general response driven by Gi/o-coupled GPCRs. TNT generation by either 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid or lysophosphatidic acid is partially dependent on the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and impaired by phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition. Subsequent signaling analysis reveals a strict requirement of phospholipase C β3 and its downstream effector protein kinase Cα. Consistent with the established role of Rho small GTPases in the formation of actin-rich projecting structures, we identified the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor FARP1 as a GPCR effector essential for TNT formation, acting via Cdc42. Altogether, our study pioneers a link between Gi/o-coupled GPCRs and TNT development and sheds light into the intricate signaling pathways governing the generation of specialized actin-rich elongated structures in response to bioactive signaling lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Suli Zhang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabiana Cornejo Maciel
- Departament of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; INBIOMED, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Stanger L, Holinstat M. Bioactive lipid regulation of platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108420. [PMID: 37100208 PMCID: PMC11143998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small, anucleate cells in the blood that play a crucial role in the hemostatic response but are also implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. It is widely appreciated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an integral role in the function and regulation of platelets. PUFAs are substrates for oxygenase enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). These enzymes generate oxidized lipids (oxylipins) that exhibit either pro- or anti-thrombotic effects. Although the effects of certain oxylipins, such as thromboxanes and prostaglandins, have been studied for decades, only one oxylipin has been therapeutically targeted to treat cardiovascular disease. In addition to the well-known oxylipins, newer oxylipins that demonstrate activity in the platelet have been discovered, further highlighting the expansive list of bioactive lipids that can be used to develop novel therapeutics. This review outlines the known oxylipins, their activity in the platelet, and current therapeutics that target oxylipin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Stanger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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Antiviral Molecular Targets of Essential Oils against SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review. Sci Pharm 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm91010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are potential therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which some of the volatile compounds of essential oils have been well known for their broad antiviral activities. These therapeutic candidates have been shown to regulate the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which underlies the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. We aimed to identify molecular targets of essential oils in disrupting the cell entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2, hence being active as antivirals. Literature searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, Scillit, and CaPlus/SciFinder (7 December 2022) with a truncated title implying the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of essential oil. Data were collected from the eligible studies and described narratively. Quality appraisal was performed on the included studies. A total of eight studies were included in this review; four of which used enzyme inhibition assay, one—pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 culture; two—whole SARS-CoV-2 culture; and one—ACE2-expressing cancer cells. Essential oils may prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting its receptors on the cells (ACE2 and TMPRSS2). Menthol, 1,8-cineole, and camphor are among the volatile compounds which serve as potential ACE2 blockers. β-caryophyllene may selectively target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inhibit viral entry. Other interactions with SARS-CoV-2 proteases and RdRp are observed based on molecular docking. In conclusion, essential oils could target proteins related to the SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. Further studies with improved and uniform study designs should be carried out to optimize essential oils as COVID-19 therapies.
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Goodpaster BH, Bergman BC, Brennan AM, Sparks LM. Intermuscular adipose tissue in metabolic disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 19:285-298. [PMID: 36564490 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a distinct adipose depot described in early reports as a 'fatty replacement' or 'muscle fat infiltration' that was linked to ageing and neuromuscular disease. Later studies quantifying IMAT with modern in vivo imaging methods (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) revealed that IMAT is proportionately higher in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome than in people without these conditions and is associated with insulin resistance and poor physical function with ageing. In parallel, agricultural research has provided extensive insight into the role of IMAT and other muscle lipids in muscle (that is, meat) quality. In addition, studies using rodent models have shown that IMAT is a bona fide white adipose tissue depot capable of robust triglyceride storage and turnover. Insight into the importance of IMAT in human biology has been limited by the dearth of studies on its biological properties, that is, the quality of IMAT. However, in the past few years, investigations have begun to determine that IMAT has molecular and metabolic features that distinguish it from other adipose tissue depots. These studies will be critical to further decipher the role of IMAT in health and disease and to better understand its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea M Brennan
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
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Kahn D, Macias E, Zarini S, Garfield A, Zemski Berry K, Gerszten R, Schoen J, Cree‐Green M, Bergman BC. Quantifying the inflammatory secretome of human intermuscular adipose tissue. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15424. [PMID: 35980018 PMCID: PMC9387112 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes an abundance of lipid and protein mediators, and this secretome is depot-specific, with local and systemic effects on metabolic regulation. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) accumulates within the skeletal muscle compartment in obesity, and is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease. While the human IMAT secretome decreases insulin sensitivity in vitro, its composition is entirely unknown. The current study was conducted to investigate the composition of the human IMAT secretome, compared to that of the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depots. IMAT, SAT, and VAT explants from individuals with obesity were used to generate conditioned media. Proteomics analysis of conditioned media was performed using multiplex proximity extension assays, and eicosanoid analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Compared to SAT and/or VAT, IMAT secreted significantly more cytokines (IL2, IL5, IL10, IL13, IL27, FGF23, IFNγ and CSF1) and chemokines (MCP1, IL8, CCL11, CCL20, CCL25 and CCL27). Adipokines hepatocyte growth factor and resistin were secreted significantly more by IMAT than SAT or VAT. IMAT secreted significantly more eicosanoids (PGE2, TXB2 , 5-HETE, and 12-HETE) compared to SAT and/or VAT. In the context of obesity, IMAT is a distinct adipose tissue with a highly immunogenic and inflammatory secretome, and given its proximity to skeletal muscle, may be critical to glucose regulation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Emily Macias
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Simona Zarini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Amanda Garfield
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Karin Zemski Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Robert Gerszten
- The Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology DivisionMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA
| | - Jonathan Schoen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Melanie Cree‐Green
- Division of Pediatric EndocrinologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Bryan C. Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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10
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Eicosanoid Content in Fetal Calf Serum Accounts for Reproducibility Challenges in Cell Culture. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010113. [PMID: 33467719 PMCID: PMC7830683 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducibility issues regarding in vitro cell culture experiments are related to genetic fluctuations and batch-wise variations of biological materials such as fetal calf serum (FCS). Genome sequencing may control the former, while the latter may remain unrecognized. Using a U937 macrophage model for cell differentiation and inflammation, we investigated whether the formation of effector molecules was dependent on the FCS batch used for cultivation. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to identify FCS constituents and to explore their effects on cultured cells evaluating secreted cytokines, eicosanoids, and other inflammatory mediators. Remarkably, the FCS eicosanoid composition showed more batch-dependent variations than the protein composition. Efficient uptake of fatty acids from the medium by U937 macrophages and inflammation-induced release thereof was evidenced using C13-labelled arachidonic acid, highlighting rapid lipid metabolism. For functional testing, FCS batch-dependent nanomolar concentration differences of two selected eicosanoids, 5-HETE and 15-HETE, were balanced out by spiking. Culturing U937 cells at these defined conditions indeed resulted in significant proteome alterations indicating HETE-induced PPARγ activation, independently corroborated by HETE-induced formation of peroxisomes observed by high-resolution microscopy. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that FCS-contained eicosanoids, subject to substantial batch-wise variation, may modulate cellular effector functions in cell culture experiments.
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11
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Trostchansky A, Wood I, Rubbo H. Regulation of arachidonic acid oxidation and metabolism by lipid electrophiles. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 152:106482. [PMID: 33007446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidized products such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and isoprostanes. These products may exert signaling or damaging roles during physiological and pathological conditions, some of them being markers of oxidative stress linked to inflammation. Recent data support the concept that cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) followed by cytosolic and microsomal dehydrogenases can convert AA to lipid-derived electrophiles (LDE). Lipid-derived electrophiles are fatty acid derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing group that can react with nucleophiles at proteins, DNA, and small antioxidant molecules exerting potent signaling properties. This review aims to describe the formation, sources, and electrophilic anti-inflammatory actions of key mammalian LDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Irene Wood
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Li L, Wu J, Bian X, Wu G, Zheng P, Xue M, Sun B. Analysis of serum polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Respir Res 2020; 21:205. [PMID: 32758241 PMCID: PMC7409426 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of lipid mediators in allergic diseases has been long recognized, whereas little is known about their role in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). We investigated whether lipid mediators are associated with ABPA. METHODS We recruited 12 ABPA patients, 23 asthma patients and 12 healthy control in our study. Serum of 11 ABPA patients were collected before and following treatment. 36 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites were measured in serum samples by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, with ethics number GYFYY-2016-73. RESULTS Levels of arachidonic acid (AA), 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 12(S)-HETE, 8(S)-HETE, 5(S)-HETE, LTB4, PGB2, 12(S)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 12-hydro-xyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHTrE) were significantly higher in ABPA patients than that in HC groups. Compared with asthma group, ABPA group expressed lower levels of 15(S)-hy-droperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETE), 5(S)-HPETE, 13(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (HPODE) and 9(S)-HPODE. In APBA patients, AA level was positively correlated with serumtotal IgE (tIgE). The levels of 12(S)-HPETE, 15(S)-HEPE and 12(S)-HEPE correlated with Asp-ergillus fumigatus specific IgE(A. fumigatus sIgE) positively. Peripheral blood eosinophilia correlated with high levels of 12(S)-HETE and 15(S)-HETE. In addition, the serum levels of15(S)-HETE and 12(S)-HETE in ABPA subjects both declined with the decrease of tIgE, A. fumigatus sIgE and sIgG concentrations after treatment. CONCLUSIONS We present data regarding the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in APBA for the first time. Most of the tested metabolites increased in ABPA when co-mpared with healthy controls and 15(S)-HETE and 12(S)-HETE may play a role in the pat-hogenesis of ABPA. These findings can provide new ideas for diagnosis, therapy and mon-itor of ABPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Ge Wu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Li Z, Hou M, Qiu Y, Zhao B, Nie H, Su S. Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Metabolomic Profiles in the Guts of Honey Bee ( Apis mellifera) Larvae Infected with Ascosphaera apis. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11070419. [PMID: 32640515 PMCID: PMC7412215 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Ascosphaera apis, an obligate fungal pathogen of honey bee brood, causes chalkbrood disease in honey bee larvae worldwide. Biological characteristics of the fungal pathogen and the molecular interactions between A. apis and honey bees have been studied extensively. However, little is known about the effects of A. apis infection on antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolic profiles of the gut of honey bee larvae. In this study, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and LC-MS based untargeted metabolomic analysis were employed to determine the changes in the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes and the metabolomic profiles in gut tissues of A. apis-infected larvae (105 A. apis spores per larva) and controls. Results showed that specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly higher in the guts of the control larvae than in the guts of the A. apis-infected larvae. The metabolomic data revealed that levels of 28 and 52 metabolites were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the guts of A. apis-infected larvae than in the guts of control larvae. The 5-oxo-ETE level in the infected larvae was two times higher than that in the control larvae. Elevated 5-oxo-ETE levels may act as a potential metabolic biomarker for chalkbrood disease diagnosis, suggesting that A. apis infection induced obvious oxidative stress in the honey bee larvae. The levels of metabolites such as taurine, docosahexaenoic acid, and L-carnitine involved in combating oxidative stress were significantly decreased in the gut of A. apis-infected larvae. Overall, our results suggest that A. apis infection may compromise the ability of infected larvae to cope with oxidative stress, providing new insight into changing patterns of physiological responses to A. apis infection in honey bee larvae by concurrent use of conventional biochemical assays and untargeted metabolomics.
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Poon WL, Lee JCY, Leung KS, Alenius H, El-Nezami H, Karisola P. Nanosized silver, but not titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, enhances oxidative stress and inflammatory response by inducing 5-HETE activation in THP-1 cells. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:453-467. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1687776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Lam Poon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kin Sum Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harri Alenius
- Human Microbiome Research Program (HUMI RP), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Nutrition and Health, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- Human Microbiome Research Program (HUMI RP), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Tyurina YY, St Croix CM, Watkins SC, Watson AM, Epperly MW, Anthonymuthu TS, Kisin ER, Vlasova II, Krysko O, Krysko DV, Kapralov AA, Dar HH, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Popova EN, Bolevich SB, Timashev PS, Kellum JA, Wenzel SE, Mallampalli RK, Greenberger JS, Bayir H, Shvedova AA, Kagan VE. Redox (phospho)lipidomics of signaling in inflammation and programmed cell death. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:57-81. [PMID: 31071242 PMCID: PMC6626990 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0119-004rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the known prominent role of polyunsaturated (phospho)lipids as structural blocks of biomembranes, there is an emerging understanding of another important function of these molecules as a highly diversified signaling language utilized for intra- and extracellular communications. Technological developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry facilitated the development of a new branch of metabolomics, redox lipidomics. Analysis of lipid peroxidation reactions has already identified specific enzymatic mechanisms responsible for the biosynthesis of several unique signals in response to inflammation and regulated cell death programs. Obtaining comprehensive information about millions of signals encoded by oxidized phospholipids, represented by thousands of interactive reactions and pleiotropic (patho)physiological effects, is a daunting task. However, there is still reasonable hope that significant discoveries, of at least some of the important contributors to the overall overwhelmingly complex network of interactions triggered by inflammation, will lead to the discovery of new small molecule regulators and therapeutic modalities. For example, suppression of the production of AA-derived pro-inflammatory mediators, HXA3 and LTB4, by an iPLA2 γ inhibitor, R-BEL, mitigated injury associated with the activation of pro-inflammatory processes in animals exposed to whole-body irradiation. Further, technological developments promise to make redox lipidomics a powerful approach in the arsenal of diagnostic and therapeutic instruments for personalized medicine of inflammatory diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan M Watson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Irina I Vlasova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena N Popova
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey B Bolevich
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter S Timashev
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hulya Bayir
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Khophai S, Thanee M, Techasen A, Namwat N, Klanrit P, Titapun A, Jarearnrat A, Sa-Ngiamwibool P, Loilome W. Zileuton suppresses cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration through inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7019-7029. [PMID: 30410359 PMCID: PMC6198876 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s178942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory lipid mediators play an important role in several cancer types. Leukotrienes (LTs), pro-inflammatory lipid mediators, are involved in chronic inflammation and cancer progression. They are derived from arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity. On the other hand, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX-1) converts LTs into lipoxins (LXs), pro-resolving lipid mediators. LXs are involved in the attenuation of inflammation and cancer development. Purpose We aimed to investigate the lipid mediator pathways, especially the LTs and LXs pathways, by studying 5-LOX and 15-LOX-1 expression in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) tissue. We also investigated the efficiency of zileuton (5-LOX inhibitor) treatment and BML-111 (LXA4 analog) addition on CCA cell lines properties. Patients and methods The expression of 5-LOX and 15-LOX-1 in fifty human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the effect of zileuton and BML-111 on CCA cell growth and migration was demonstrated using a cell viability assay and wound-healing assay, respectively. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism by which zileuton inhibits CCA cell migration was revealed using immunofluorescent staining and western blot analysis, respectively. Results We demonstrate that the upregulation of 5-LOX is significantly correlated with CCA recurrent status. A positive 15-LOX-1 signal was significantly associated with a longer survival time in CCA patients. We found that co-expression of 5-LOX and 15-LOX-1 resulted in a relatively good prognosis in CCA patients. In addition, zileuton could inhibit CCA cell migration as well as BML-111. Interestingly, zileuton treatment not only downregulated 5-LOX, but also upregulated 15-LOX-1, together with reversing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition to mesenchymal-epithelial transition phenotype as observed in EMT marker western blot. Conclusion These findings suggest that 5-LOX and 15-LOX-1 play a key role in CCA and may serve as targets for CCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikamon Khophai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,
| | - Malinee Thanee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,
| | - Attapol Titapun
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Jarearnrat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, .,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,
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17
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Lin L, Chen Z, Tang X, Dai F, Wei J, Sun G. 5-Oxo-ETE from Nasal Epithelial Cells Upregulates Eosinophil Cation Protein by Eosinophils in Nasal Polyps in vitro. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 177:107-115. [PMID: 29898459 DOI: 10.1159/000489819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant and activator that is synthesized not only in inflammatory cells but also in bronchial epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether 5-oxo-ETE can promote the production of eosinophil cation protein (ECP) by eosinophils in nasal polyps (NP) in vitro, and whether normal nasal epithelial cells can produce this lipid mediator in response to oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nasal biopsy samples were obtained from normal subjects or subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis with NP. The infiltration of eosinophil in NP was detected and cultured. After that, concentrations of ECP in eosinophil and NP cultures were evaluated after the treatment of 5-oxo-ETE or 5-oxo-ETE + its receptor (OXER) antagonist, pertussis toxin (PT). Then we studied the synthesis of 5-oxo-ETE after H2O2 stimulation by normal nasal epithelial cells and by epithelial cells of NP alone in the cultures, and also determined the OXER expression in NP. RESULTS The number of infiltrative eosinophils in NP was increased. The ECP levels in eosinophil and NP cultures were enhanced after the administration of 5-oxo-ETE, and decreased by the PT treatment. 5-Oxo-ETE was upregulated in the cultures of nasal epithelial cells in the presence of H2O2 and of NP epithelial cells alone. The OXER was expressed in inflammatory cells, and not in epithelial cells. CONCLUSION 5-Oxo-ETE produced by nasal epithelial cells may play a role in the formation and development of NP.
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McDougall M, Choi J, Truong L, Tanguay R, Traber MG. Vitamin E deficiency during embryogenesis in zebrafish causes lasting metabolic and cognitive impairments despite refeeding adequate diets. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 110. [PMID: 28645790 PMCID: PMC5548191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol; VitE) is a lipophilic antioxidant required for normal embryonic development in vertebrates, but the long-term effects of embryonic VitE deficiency, and whether they are ameliorated by feeding VitE-adequate diets, remain unknown. We addressed these questions using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of developmental VitE deficiency followed by dietary remediation. Adult zebrafish maintained on VitE-deficient (E-) or sufficient (E+) diets were spawned to obtained E- and E+ embryos, respectively, which we evaluated up to 12 days post-fertilization (dpf). The E- group suffered significantly increased morbidity and mortality as well as altered DNA methylation status through 5 dpf when compared to E+ larvae, but upon feeding with a VitE-adequate diet from 5 to 12 dpf both the E- and E+ groups survived and grew normally; the DNA methylation profile also was similar between groups by 12 dpf. However, 12 dpf E- larvae still had behavioral defects. These observations coincided with sustained VitE deficiency in the E- vs. E+ larvae (p < 0.0001), despite adequate dietary supplementation. We also found in E- vs. E+ larvae continued docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) depletion (p < 0.0001) and significantly increased lipid peroxidation. Further, targeted metabolomics analyses revealed persistent dysregulation of the cellular antioxidant network, the CDP-choline pathway, and glucose metabolism. While anaerobic processes were increased, aerobic metabolism was decreased in the E- vs. E+ larvae, indicating mitochondrial damage. Taken together, these outcomes suggest embryonic VitE deficiency causes lasting behavioral impairments due to persistent lipid peroxidation and metabolic perturbations that are not resolved via later dietary VitE supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa McDougall
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Robert Tanguay
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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Structure-activity relationship study of β-oxidation resistant indole-based 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4770-4776. [PMID: 28943042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is formed from 5S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway under conditions associated with oxidative stress. 5-Oxo-ETE is an important pro-inflammatory mediator, which stimulates the migration of eosinophils via a selective G-protein coupled receptor, known as the OXE receptor (OXE-R). Previously, we designed and synthesized structural mimics of 5-oxo-ETE such as 1 using an indole scaffold. In the present work, we added various substituents at C-3 of this moiety to block potential β-oxidation of the 5-oxo-valerate side chain, and investigated the structure-activity relationships of the resulting novel β-oxidation-resistant antagonists. Cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl substituents were well tolerated in this position, but were less potent as the highly active 3S-methyl compound. It seems likely that 3-alkyl substituents can affect the conformation of the 5-oxovalerate side chain containing the critical keto and carboxyl groups, thereby affecting interaction with the OXE-receptor.
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Abstract
Lipids are potent signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular responses, including cell growth and death and inflammation/infection, via receptor-mediated pathways. Derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), each lipid displays unique properties, thus making their role in inflammation distinct from that of other lipids derived from the same PUFA. This diversity arises from their synthesis, which occurs via discrete enzymatic pathways and because they elicit responses via different receptors. This review will collate the bioactive lipid research to date and summarize the major pathways involved in their biosynthesis and role in inflammation. Specifically, lipids derived from AA (prostanoids, leukotrienes, 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids), EPA (E-series resolvins), and DHA (D-series resolvins, protectins, and maresins) will be discussed herein.
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Alleviating Promotion of Inflammation and Cancer Induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:9632018. [PMID: 28573063 PMCID: PMC5442344 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9632018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical Relevance Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin are of intensive use nowadays. These drugs exert their activity via the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) by cyclooxygenase inhibition. Though beneficial for health in some instances, both unspecific and specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity interfere with AA metabolism producing also proinflammatory lipids that may promote cancer. Materials and Methods This review is based on available literature on clinical uses, biochemical investigations, molecular medicine, pharmacology, toxicity, and epidemiology-clinical studies on NSAIDs and other drugs that may be used accordingly, which was collected from electronic (SciFinder, Medline, Science Direct, and ACS among others) and library searches of books and journals. Results Relevant literature supports the notion that NDSAID use may also promote proinflammatory biochemical events that are also related to precancerous predisposition. Several agents are proposed that may be employed in immediate future to supplement and optimize treatment with NSAIDs. In this way serious side effects arising from promotion of inflammation and cancer, especially in chronic NSAID users and high risk groups of patients, could be avoided.
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Moore GY, Pidgeon GP. Cross-Talk between Cancer Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment: The Role of the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E236. [PMID: 28125014 PMCID: PMC5343774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase is an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of a range of bioactive lipids signalling molecules known collectively as eicosanoids. 5-lipoxygenase metabolites such as 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and a number of leukotrienes are mostly derived from arachidonic acid and have been shown to be lipid mediators of inflammation in different pathological states including cancer. Upregulated 5-lipoxygenase expression and metabolite production is found in a number of cancer types and has been shown to be associated with increased tumorigenesis. 5-lipoxygenase activity is present in a number of diverse cell types of the immune system and connective tissue. In this review, we discuss potential routes through which cancer cells may utilise the 5-lipoxygenase pathway to interact with the tumour microenvironment during the development and progression of a tumour. Furthermore, immune-derived 5-lipoxygenase signalling can drive both pro- and anti-tumour effects depending on the immune cell subtype and an overview of evidence for these opposing effects is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Y Moore
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Graham P Pidgeon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Shibata T, Uchida K, Schneider C. Roles of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the biosynthesis of hemiketals E 2 and D 2 by activated human leukocytes. FASEB J 2017; 31:1867-1878. [PMID: 28096231 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601136r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The 2 hemiketal (HK) eicosanoids HKD2 and HKE2 are the major products of the biosynthetic crossover of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways. HKs result from the rearrangement of a di-endoperoxide intermediate formed in the COX-2-dependent oxygenation of 5S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5S-HETE). We analyzed HK biosynthesis in human leukocytes stimulated ex vivo and defined the biosynthetic roles of 5-LOX and COX-2, using inhibitors and incubations with exogenous substrates. Activation of leukocytes with LPS followed by treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in the formation of PGE2, 5-HETE, and LTB4 as the principal metabolites of COX-2 and 5-LOX, respectively. The formation of HKD2 and HKE2 was highest after 15 min LPS treatment, and at that time, levels were similar to PGE2, but less than 5-HETE and LTB4 The time course of HK formation paralleled that of 5-HETE and LTB4, implying the availability of the 5S-HETE substrate as a limiting factor in biosynthesis rather than expression levels of COX-2. Specific inhibitors of COX-2 and 5-LOX decreased formation of HKD2 and HKE2 Platelets did not form HKs from exogenous 5S-HETE, implying that COX-1 is not involved. HKs are early products during an inflammatory event and require cells that express 5-LOX and COX-2 for their biosynthesis.-Giménez-Bastida, J. A., Shibata, T., Uchida, K., Schneider, C. Roles of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 in the biosynthesis of hemiketals E2 and D2 by activated human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Division of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Koji Uchida
- Division of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; and.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; .,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Nagendra Reddy C, Ye Q, Patel P, Sivendran S, Chourey S, Wang R, Anumolu JR, Grant GE, Powell WS, Rokach J. Design and synthesis of affinity chromatography ligands for the purification of 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:116-125. [PMID: 28340986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is converted to biologically active metabolites by different pathways, one of the most important of which is initiated by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO). 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), although possessing only weak biological activity itself, is oxidized to 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), a potent chemoattractant for eosinophils and neutrophils. Our main goal is to determine how the biosynthesis of 5-oxo-ETE is regulated and to determine its pathophysiological roles. To achieve this task, we designed and synthesized affinity chromatography ligands for the purification of 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase (5-HEDH), the enzyme responsible for the formation of 5-oxo-ETE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Pranav Patel
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Sashikala Sivendran
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Jaganmohan R Anumolu
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA
| | - Gail E Grant
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Hospital Centre Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne FL 32901, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Background: Leukotrienes are pivotal lipid mediators in various immune and inflammatory reactions. Herein, 5-LO is a validated target. 2-Aminothiazoles, as a privileged structure, implicate known 5-LO inhibitors like ST-1083 (IC50 [polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL)] = 0.68 μM), yet deep structure–activity relationships (SAR) have not been established. Materials & methods: Compounds were synthesized via Hantzsch thiazole synthesis. Inhibitory activities were evaluated using intact PMNL and purified 5-LO together with cytotoxicity measurements in U937 cells. Results: We introduced novel functionalities at 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-position of the 2-aminothiazole scaffold and conducted bioisosteric replacement to optimize the parent scaffold. SARs of the 2-aminothiazole scaffold were deduced and extended primarily for inhibition of the 5-LO enzyme. Conclusion: SAR studies provided at least two optimized leads (ST-1853, ST-1906) with high potency (IC50 [polymorphonuclear leukocytes] = 0.05 μM), specificity and noncytotoxic behavior. [Formula: see text]
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26
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Wendell SG, Golin-Bisello F, Wenzel S, Sobol RW, Holguin F, Freeman BA. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase generation of electrophilic lipid signaling mediators from hydroxy ω-3 fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5868-80. [PMID: 25586183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.635151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15PGDH) is the primary enzyme catalyzing the conversion of hydroxylated arachidonic acid species to their corresponding oxidized metabolites. The oxidation of hydroxylated fatty acids, such as the conversion of prostaglandin (PG) E2 to 15-ketoPGE2, by 15PGDH is viewed to inactivate signaling responses. In contrast, the typically electrophilic products can also induce anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses. This study determined that hydroxylated docosahexaenoic acid metabolites (HDoHEs) are substrates for 15PGDH. Examination of 15PGDH substrate specificity was conducted in cell culture (A549 and primary human airway epithelia and alveolar macrophages) using chemical inhibition and shRNA knockdown of 15PGDH. Substrate specificity is broad and relies on the carbon position of the acyl chain hydroxyl group. 14-HDoHE was determined to be the optimal DHA substrate for 15PGDH, resulting in the formation of its electrophilic metabolite, 14-oxoDHA. Consistent with this, 14-HDoHE was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of mild to moderate asthmatics, and the exogenous addition of 14-oxoDHA to primary alveolar macrophages inhibited LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression. These data reveal that 15PGDH-derived DHA metabolites are biologically active and can contribute to the salutary signaling actions of Ω-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sally Wenzel
- Asthma Institute and Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Robert W Sobol
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Asthma Institute and Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and
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27
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Rzodkiewicz P, Gasinska E, Maslinski S, Bujalska-Zadrozny M. Antinociceptive properties of esculetin in non-inflammatory and inflammatory models of pain in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:213-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Rzodkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Institute of Rheumatology; Warsaw Poland
- Department of Pharmacodynamics; Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Emilia Gasinska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics; Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Slawomir Maslinski
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics; Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
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28
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5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors attenuate TNF-α-induced inflammation in human synovial fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107890. [PMID: 25229347 PMCID: PMC4168259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipoxygenase isoform of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is reported to be overexpressed in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue and involved in the progress of inflammatory arthritis. However, the detailed mechanism of how 5-lipoxygenase regulates the inflammatory response in arthritis synovial tissue is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of lipoxygenase pathways in TNF-α-induced production of cytokines and chemokines. Human synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid patients were used in this study. 5-LOX inhibitors and shRNA were used to examine the involvement of 5-LOX in TNF-α-induced cytokines and chemokines expression. The signaling pathways were examined by Western Blotting or immunofluorescence staining. The effect of 5-LOX inhibitor on TNF-α-induced chemokine expression and paw edema was also explored invivo in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with 5-LOX inhibitors significantly decreased TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory mediators including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in human synovial fibroblasts. Knockdown of 5-LOX using shRNA exerted similar inhibitory effects. The abrogation of NF-κB activation was involved in the antagonizing effects of these inhibitors. Furthermore, 5-LOX inhibitor decreased TNF-α-induced up-regulation of serum MCP-1 level and paw edema in mouse model. Our results provide the evidence that the administration of 5-LOX inhibitors is able to ameliorate TNF-α-induced cytokine/chemokine release and paw edema, indicating that 5-LOX inhibitors may be developed for therapeutic treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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29
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Rådmark O, Werz O, Steinhilber D, Samuelsson B. 5-Lipoxygenase, a key enzyme for leukotriene biosynthesis in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:331-9. [PMID: 25152163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LTs), lipid mediators of inflammation derived from arachidonic acid. In this review we focus on 5-LOX biochemistry including 5-LOX interacting proteins and regulation of enzyme activity. LTs function in normal host defense, and have roles in many disease states where acute or chronic inflammation is part of the pathophysiology, as briefly summarized at the end of this chapter. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Rådmark
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bengt Samuelsson
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Div. of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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30
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Patel P, Reddy CN, Gore V, Chourey S, Ye Q, Ouedraogo YP, Gravel S, Powell WS, Rokach J. Two Potent OXE-R Antagonists: Assignment of Stereochemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:815-9. [PMID: 25050171 DOI: 10.1021/ml500161v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is formed by the oxidation of 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), which is a major metabolite of enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA). 5-Oxo-ETE is the most potent lipid chemoattractant for human eosinophils. Its actions are mediated by the selective OXE receptor, which is therefore an attractive target in eosinophilic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Recently, we have reported two excellent OXE receptor antagonists that have IC50 values at low nanomolar concentrations. Each of these antagonists has a chiral center, and the isolation of the individual enantiomers by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that in each case one enantiomer is over 300 times more potent than the other. To unambiguously assign the stereochemistry of these enantiomers and to provide access to larger amounts of the active compounds for biological testing, we report here their total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Patel
- Claude Pepper Institute
and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West
University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Chintam Nagendra Reddy
- Claude Pepper Institute
and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West
University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Vivek Gore
- Claude Pepper Institute
and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West
University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Shishir Chourey
- Claude Pepper Institute
and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West
University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Claude Pepper Institute
and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West
University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Yannick P. Ouedraogo
- Claude Pepper Institute
and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West
University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Sylvie Gravel
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | - William S. Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute
and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West
University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
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31
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Regulation of 5-oxo-ETE synthesis by nitric oxide in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes upon their interaction with zymosan and Salmonella typhimurium. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:BSR20130136. [PMID: 24712762 PMCID: PMC4031671 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we have presented data on the regulation of LT (leukotriene) and 5-oxo-ETE (5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) syntheses in human neutrophils upon interaction with OZ (opsonized zymosan) or Salmonella typhimurium. Priming of neutrophils with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) elicits 5-oxo-ETE formation in neutrophils exposed to OZ, and the addition of AA (arachidonic acid) significantly increases 5-oxo-ETE synthesis. We found that NO (nitric oxide)-releasing compounds induce 5-oxo-ETE synthesis in neutrophils treated with OZ or S. typhimurium. Exposure of neutrophils to zymosan or bacteria in the presence of the NO donor DEA NONOate (1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-hydrazine sodium) considerably increased the conversion of endogenously formed 5-HETE (5S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) to 5-oxo-ETE. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that NO is a potent regulator of 5-oxo-ETE synthesis in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes exposed to Salmonella typhimurium and zymosan. Nitric oxide significantly increased 5-oxo-ETE formation in neutrophils. 5-oxo-ETE is a key 5-lipoxygenase metabolite in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes exposed to NO upon interaction with opsonized zymosan or Salmonella typhimurium.
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32
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Petta T, Secatto A, Faccioli LH, Moraes LAB. Inhibition of inflammatory response in LPS-induced macrophages by 9-KOTE and 13-KOTE produced by biotransformation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 58-59:36-43. [PMID: 24731823 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mediators such as the leukotrienes, resolvins and protectins have been considered excellent models for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs, due to their high potentiality. Nevertheless, only tiny amounts are available from natural sources and they have to be prepared by total synthesis. It is known that besides chemical reagents, microorganisms can also promote fatty acid oxygenation, via enzymatic reactions. In this context, the aim of this work was to produce oxylipids analogues in structure to lipid mediators employing microbial biotransformation. To this end, α-linolenic acid (ALA) was biotransformed by the fungi Aspergillus niger into oxylipids with different levels of oxygenation within 24h or 48h. The anti-inflammatory potential of products were evaluated by means of NO and TNF-α quantification in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cell line which guided the isolation of the regioisomers at m/z [M-H](-) 291, 9-keto-10E,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid (9-KOTE) and 13-keto-9Z,11E,15Z-octadecatrienoic acid (13-KOTE). We showed that biotransformation represents a powerful strategy for the production of potentially interesting candidates for development of anti-inflammation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Petta
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Secatto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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33
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Nicolaou A, Mauro C, Urquhart P, Marelli-Berg F. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-derived lipid mediators and T cell function. Front Immunol 2014; 5:75. [PMID: 24611066 PMCID: PMC3933826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are involved in T cell biology both as nutrients important for energy production as well as signaling molecules. In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to exhibit a range of immunomodulatory properties that progress through T cell mediated events, although the molecular mechanisms of these actions have not yet been fully elucidated. Some of these immune activities are linked to polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced alteration of the composition of cellular membranes and the consequent changes in signaling pathways linked to membrane raft-associated proteins. However, significant aspects of the polyunsaturated fatty acid bioactivities are mediated through their transformation to specific lipid mediators, products of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or cytochrome P450 enzymatic reactions. Resulting bioactive metabolites including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and endocannabinoids are produced by and/or act upon T leukocytes through cell surface receptors and have been shown to alter T cell activation and differentiation, proliferation, cytokine production, motility, and homing events. Detailed appreciation of the mode of action of these lipids presents opportunities for the design and development of therapeutic strategies aimed at regulating T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Paula Urquhart
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Federica Marelli-Berg
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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34
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Mangal D, Uboh CE, Jiang Z, Soma LR. Interleukin-1β inhibits synthesis of 5-lipooxygenase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated equine whole blood. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 108:9-22. [PMID: 24530239 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. It induces the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) catalyzed by cyclooxygenase (COX) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (m-PGES). Besides its pro-inflammatory properties, PGE2 also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting synthesis of 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO) products which are in themselves, pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, inhibition of 5-LO products is beneficial in regulating immune-responses and pro-inflammatory processes. To investigate the hypothesis that IL-1β is responsible for the increase in the synthesis of PGE2 and in the reduction of 5-LO products, equine whole blood (EWB) was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vitro treatment of EWB with LPS resulted in increased expression of IL-1β while expression of 5-LO was suppressed. Quantification of eicosanoids using liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry/multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MS/MRM) showed increased concentrations of prostaglandins and decreased 5-LO products in LPS-treated EWB. Pretreatment of EWB with IL-1β followed by calcium ionophore A23187 (CI) reduced synthesis of 5-LO products. However, pretreatment of EWB with COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) or m-PGES-1 inhibitor (CAY 10526) and IL-1β followed with CI resulted in a significant (p<0.0001) increase in 5-LO products. Pretreatment of EWB with phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122) followed with LPS reduced PGE2 production but increased 5-LO products. The result of this study indicated that increased PGE2 production led to reduction in 5-LO products in LPS-treated EWB via IL-1β. However, other pathways, cytokines and mediators may be involved in inhibiting 5-LO products but the present study did not include those other potential pathways. Inhibition of 5-LO products by PGE2 in EWB may regulate the initiation and pathogenesis of inflammatory responses in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Mangal
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Cornelius E Uboh
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA; PA Equine Toxicology & Research Center, West Chester University, Department of Chemistry, 220 East Rosedale Avenue, West Chester, PA 19382, USA.
| | - Zibin Jiang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Lawrence R Soma
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center Campus, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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35
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Gore V, Gravel S, Cossette C, Patel P, Chourey S, Ye Q, Rokach J, Powell WS. Inhibition of 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid-induced activation of neutrophils and eosinophils by novel indole OXE receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:364-77. [PMID: 24351031 DOI: 10.1021/jm401292m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) is a 5-lipoxygenase product that is a potent granulocyte chemoattractant, which induces the infiltration of eosinophils into human skin when injected intradermally. It could therefore be an important proinflammatory mediator in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, and the OXE receptor, which mediates its actions, is therefore an attractive drug target. Using a structure-based approach in which substituents mimicking the essential polar (C1-C5) and hydrophobic (C15-C20) regions of 5-oxo-ETE were incorporated on an indole scaffold, we identified two potent selective OXE antagonists with IC50 values of about 30 nM. Neither compound displayed agonist activity and both inhibited 5-oxo-ETE-induced chemotaxis and actin polymerization and were relatively resistant to metabolism by rat liver homogenates. The active enantiomers of these racemic antagonists were even more potent, with IC50 values of <10 nM. These selective OXE antagonists could potentially be useful therapeutic agents in allergic diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gore
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University , 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
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36
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The subcellular localization of the receptor for platelet-activating factor in neutrophils affects signaling and activation characteristics. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:456407. [PMID: 24069041 PMCID: PMC3773398 DOI: 10.1155/2013/456407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The localization in neutrophils, of the receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAFR), has been determined using subcellular fractionation and a receptor mobilization protocol. We show that the PAFR is expressed primarily in the plasma membrane. Although activation of neutrophils by PAF induces responses typical also of agonists that bind the formyl peptide receptors (FPR), known to be stored in mobilizable organelles, some quantitative as well as qualitative differences were observed when neutrophils were activated through these receptors. PAF is equipotent to fMLF (high affinity agonist for FPR1) to cleave off L-selectin and to induce granule/vesicle secretion but is more potent than fMLF to induce a rise in intracellular Ca2+. Similar to fMLF, PAF induced also a robust release of reactive oxygen species, but with higher EC50 value and was less sensitive to a PI3K inhibitor compared to the fMLF response. Despite the lack of a granule localized storage pool of receptors, the PAF-induced superoxide production could be primed; receptor mobilization was, thus, not required for priming of the PAF response. The desensitized PAFR could not be reactivated, suggesting that distinct signaling pathways are utilized for termination of the responses triggered through FPR1 and PAFR.
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Gore V, Patel P, Chang CT, Sivendran S, Kang N, Ouedraogo YP, Gravel S, Powell WS, Rokach J. 5-Oxo-ETE receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3725-32. [PMID: 23581530 DOI: 10.1021/jm400480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
5-Oxo-ETE is the most powerful eosinophil chemoattractant among lipid mediators. Eosinophil infiltration into the lungs of asthmatics may be responsible for the late phase of inflammatory asthma. We have designed and synthesized a 5-oxo-ETE receptor antagonist, the purpose of which is to prevent eosinophil migration to the lung during an asthma attack and thereby reduce asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gore
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
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Reactivation of desensitized formyl peptide receptors by platelet activating factor: a novel receptor cross talk mechanism regulating neutrophil superoxide anion production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60169. [PMID: 23555913 PMCID: PMC3610682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils express different chemoattractant receptors of importance for guiding the cells from the blood stream to sites of inflammation. These receptors communicate with one another, a cross talk manifested as hierarchical, heterologous receptor desensitization. We describe a new receptor cross talk mechanism, by which desensitized formyl peptide receptors (FPRdes) can be reactivated. FPR desensitization is induced through binding of specific FPR agonists and is reached after a short period of active signaling. The mechanism that transfers the receptor to a non-signaling desensitized state is not known, and a signaling pathway has so far not been described, that transfers FPRdes back to an active signaling state. The reactivation signal was generated by PAF stimulation of its receptor (PAFR) and the cross talk was uni-directional. LatrunculinA, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, induced a similar reactivation of FPRdes as PAF while the phosphatase inhibitor CalyculinA inhibited reactivation, suggesting a role for the actin cytoskeleton in receptor desensitization and reactivation. The activated PAFR could, however, reactivate FPRdes also when the cytoskeleton was disrupted prior to activation. The receptor cross talk model presented prophesies that the contact on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane that blocks signaling between the G-protein and the FPR is not a point of no return; the receptor cross-talk from the PAFRs to the FPRdes initiates an actin-independent signaling pathway that turns desensitized receptors back to a signaling state. This represents a novel mechanism for amplification of neutrophil production of reactive oxygen species.
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Svensson Holm ACB, Grenegård M, Öllinger K, Lindström EG. Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase reduces platelet activation and prevents their mitogenic function. Platelets 2013; 25:111-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.783688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Karelina TA, Zhudenkov KV, Demin OO, Svetlichny DV, Agoram B, Fairman D, Demin OV. Regulation of leukotriene and 5oxoETE synthesis and the effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors: a mathematical modeling approach. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:141. [PMID: 23146124 PMCID: PMC3546923 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of leukotrienes and 5-Oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (oxoETE). These inflammatory signaling molecules play a role in the pathology of asthma and so 5-LO inhibition is a promising target for asthma therapy. The 5-LO redox inhibitor zileuton (Zyflo IR/CR(®)) is currently marketed for the treatment of asthma in adults and children, but widespread use of zileuton is limited by its efficacy/safety profile, potentially related to its redox characteristics. Thus, a quantitative, mechanistic description of its functioning may be useful for development of improved anti-inflammatory targeting this mechanism. RESULTS A mathematical model describing the operation of 5-LO, phospholipase A2, glutathione peroxidase and 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase was developed. The catalytic cycles of the enzymes were reconstructed and kinetic parameters estimated on the basis of available experimental data. The final model describes each stage of cys-leukotriene biosynthesis and the reactions involved in oxoETE production. Regulation of these processes by substrates (phospholipid concentration) and intracellular redox state (concentrations of reduced glutathione, glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxide) were taken into account. The model enabled us to reveal differences between redox and non-redox 5-LO inhibitors under conditions of oxidative stress. Despite both redox and non-redox inhibitors suppressing leukotriene A4 (LTA4) synthesis, redox inhibitors are predicted to increase oxoETE production, thus compromising efficacy. This phenomena can be explained in terms of the pseudo-peroxidase activity of 5-LO and the ability of lipid peroxides to transform 5-LO into its active form even in the presence of redox inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS The mathematical model developed described quantitatively different mechanisms of 5-LO inhibition and simulations revealed differences between the potential therapeutic outcomes for these mechanisms.
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Lee JJ, Jacobsen EA, Ochkur SI, McGarry MP, Condjella RM, Doyle AD, Luo H, Zellner KR, Protheroe CA, Willetts L, Lesuer WE, Colbert DC, Helmers RA, Lacy P, Moqbel R, Lee NA. Human versus mouse eosinophils: "that which we call an eosinophil, by any other name would stain as red". J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:572-84. [PMID: 22935586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The respective life histories of human subjects and mice are well defined and describe a unique story of evolutionary conservation extending from sequence identity within the genome to the underpinnings of biochemical, cellular, and physiologic pathways. As a consequence, the hematopoietic lineages of both species are invariantly maintained, each with identifiable eosinophils. This canonical presence nonetheless does not preclude disparities between human and mouse eosinophils, their effector functions, or both. Indeed, many books and reviews dogmatically highlight differences, providing a rationale to discount the use of mouse models of human eosinophilic diseases. We suggest that this perspective is parochial and ignores the wealth of available studies and the consensus of the literature that overwhelming similarities (and not differences) exist between human and mouse eosinophils. The goal of this review is to summarize this literature and in some cases provide experimental details comparing and contrasting eosinophils and eosinophil effector functions in human subjects versus mice. In particular, our review will provide a summation and an easy-to-use reference guide to important studies demonstrating that although differences exist, more often than not, their consequences are unknown and do not necessarily reflect inherent disparities in eosinophil function but instead species-specific variations. The conclusion from this overview is that despite nominal differences, the vast similarities between human and mouse eosinophils provide important insights as to their roles in health and disease and, in turn, demonstrate the unique utility of mouse-based studies with an expectation of valid extrapolation to the understanding and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
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Lagarde M, Bernoud-Hubac N, Guichardant M. Expanding the horizons of lipidomics. Towards fluxolipidomics. Mol Membr Biol 2012; 29:222-8. [PMID: 22594701 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2012.689378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This short review takes into consideration the status of lipidomics as issued from almost a decade of development. Because of the huge number of molecular species analyzed, there is a trend in subdividing lipidomics according to subdomains, in particular relating to the function of molecules. It is also pointed out that lipid imaging without the use of exogenous probes will help making relationships between molecular structures and the topography of lipid assemblies, especially in cellular compartments. Finally, a fluxomics approach is proposed for lipid molecular species, both in terms of compartments and biochemical metabolism. The example of fluxolipidomics of essential fatty acids toward their enzyme-dependent oxygenated metabolites and further toward their degradation products is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lagarde
- UMR 1060 INSERM-CarMeN, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne 60621, France.
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Wang L, Yang J, Guo L, Uyeminami D, Dong H, Hammock BD, Pinkerton KE. Use of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor in smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:614-22. [PMID: 22180869 PMCID: PMC3359909 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0359oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prolonged inflammatory condition of the lungs characterized by progressive and largely irreversible airflow limitation attributable to a number of pathologic mechanisms, including bronchitis, bronchiolitis, emphysema, mucus plugging, pulmonary hypertension, and small-airway obstruction. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHIs) demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in a rat model after acute exposure to tobacco smoke. We compared the efficacy of sEHI t-TUCB (trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-benzoic acid) and the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor Rolipram (Biomol International, Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY) to reduce lung injury and inflammation after subacute exposure to tobacco smoke over a period of 4 weeks. Pulmonary physiology, bronchoalveolar lavage, cytokine production, and histopathology were analyzed to determine the efficacy of sEHI and Rolipram to ameliorate tobacco smoke-induced inflammation and injury in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Both t-TUCB and Rolipram inhibited neutrophil elevation in bronchoalveolar lavage. sEHI t-TUCB suppressed IFN-γ, while improving lung function by reducing tobacco smoke-induced total respiratory resistance and tissue damping (small-airway and peripheral tissue resistance). Increases in tobacco smoke-induced alveolar airspace size were attenuated by t-TUCB. Rolipram inhibited the production of airway mucus. Both t-TUCB and Rolipram inhibited vascular remodeling-related growth factor. These findings suggest that sEHI t-TUCB has therapeutic potential for treating COPD by improving lung function and attenuating the lung inflammation and emphysematous changes caused by tobacco smoke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that sEHI exerts significant protective effects after repeated, subacute tobacco smoke-induced lung injury in a rat model of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Center for Health and the Environment, and
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Lei Guo
- Center for Health and the Environment, and
| | | | - Hua Dong
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis Medical Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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Carsin A, Bienvenu J, Pacheco Y, Devouassoux G. [Physiopathology of aspirin intolerant asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:118-27. [PMID: 22405107 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) refers to the development of bronchoconstriction in individuals with asthma following the ingestion of aspirin. AERD affects up to 20 % of adults with asthma. At present, no reliable in vitro test is available to confirm the diagnosis. The confirmation of the diagnosis of AERD therefore depends on the response to challenge testing with aspirin. The pathogenesis of AERD is linked to abnormalities in arachidonic acid metabolism. Prior to exposure to aspirin, respiratory mucosal inflammation is the result of a cell infiltration, an overproduction of leukotrienes, prostaglandins D2, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid and an underproduction of lipoxins. After aspirin ingestion, patients with AERD synthesize excessive amounts of cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin metabolites involved in bronchoconstriction. New hypotheses concerning AERD pathogenesis have been added to the initial cyclooxygenase theory. These propose that AERD may be linked to the complement system, adenosine metabolism or angiotensin converting enzyme gene and IgE receptor gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carsin
- Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France
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Goupil RC, Bushey JJ, Peters-Kennedy J, Wakshlag JJ. Prevalence of 5-lipoxygenase expression in canine osteosarcoma and the effects of a dual 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor on osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Vet Pathol 2012; 49:802-10. [PMID: 22287649 DOI: 10.1177/0300985811432350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma is an insidious disease with few effective treatment modalities; therefore, use of pharmacologic intervention to improve mortality or morbidity is constantly sought. The use of cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitors has been an area of interest with limited efficacy based on retrospective examination of tumor expression and in vivo cell proliferation models. Recently, examination of dual cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors in human and canine oncology suggests that 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors may be an effective approach in vitro and during tumor induction in rodent models. Therefore, the authors decided to examine 5-lipoxygenase expression in primary canine osteosarcoma samples and have shown that approximately 65% of osteosarcomas label positive for cytoplasmic 5-lipoxygenase. Further examination of a cell culture and xenograft model shows similar 5-lipoxygenase expression. Surprisingly, a canine 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (tepoxalin) significantly reduced cell proliferation at physiologic doses in vitro and diminished xenograft tumor growth in nude mice, suggesting that further investigation is needed. Traditionally, 5-lipoxygense leads to production of lipid mediators, such as leukotriene B(4) and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid, which, when added back to the media of tepoxalin-treated cells, did not recover cell proliferation. The lack of nuclear staining in primary and xenografted tumors and the lack of response to eicoasanoids suggest that lipid mediator production is not the primary means by which tepoxalin acts to alter proliferation. Regardless of the mechanisms involved in retarding cell proliferation, future investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Goupil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, VMC 1-120, Box 34, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
Nutritionally important PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) mediate some of their bioactivities through formation of oxygenated metabolites. These bioactive lipids are formed by COX (cyclo-oxygenase), LOX (lipoxygenase) and cytochrome-P450-catalysed reactions, as well as non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. These reactions produce numerous species, some of which can be formed through more than one pathway. MS-based lipidomics offers the selectivity and sensitivity required for qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple lipid species, in a variety of biological systems, and can facilitate the study of these mediators.
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Tyagi R, Shimpukade B, Blättermann S, Kostenis E, Ulven T. A concise synthesis of the potent inflammatory mediator 5-oxo-ETE. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schopfer FJ, Cipollina C, Freeman BA. Formation and signaling actions of electrophilic lipids. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5997-6021. [PMID: 21928855 PMCID: PMC3294277 DOI: 10.1021/cr200131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Piazza Sett’Angeli 10, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Grant GE, Gravel S, Guay J, Patel P, Mazer BD, Rokach J, Powell WS. 5-oxo-ETE is a major oxidative stress-induced arachidonate metabolite in B lymphocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1297-304. [PMID: 21334434 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes convert arachidonic acid (AA) to the 5-lipoxygenase products leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) when subjected to oxidative stress. 5-HETE has little biological activity, but can be oxidized by a selective dehydrogenase in some cells to 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), a potent eosinophil chemoattractant. We found that CESS cells, a B lymphocyte cell line, convert AA to 5-oxo-ETE and this is selectively stimulated by oxidative stress. In the presence of H2O2, 5-oxo-ETE is a major AA metabolite in these cells (5-oxo-ETE≈5-HETE>LTB4). The cyclooxygenase product 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid is also formed, but is not affected by H2O2. Diamide had effects similar to those of H2O2 and both substances had similar effects on human tonsillar B cells. H2O2 also stimulated 5-oxo-ETE formation from its direct precursor 5-HETE in tonsillar B and CESS cells, and this was inhibited by the glutathione reductase inhibitor carmustine. H2O2 concomitantly induced rapid increases in GSSG and NADP+ and reductions in GSH and NADPH. We conclude that oxidative stress stimulates 5-oxo-ETE synthesis in B lymphocytes by two mechanisms: activation of 5-lipoxygenase and increased oxidation of 5-HETE by NADP+-dependent 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. B lymphocyte-derived 5-oxo-ETE could contribute to eosinophilic inflammation in asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail E Grant
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H2X 2P2
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
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