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Bashyal S, Qu S, Karki M. Bariatric Surgery and Its Metabolic Echo Effect on Serum Uric Acid Levels. Cureus 2024; 16:e58103. [PMID: 38616980 PMCID: PMC11013573 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) has been a significant means of reducing weight in obese individuals. The metabolic changes after bariatric surgery are crucial as they extend its advantages beyond weight loss. As its name implies, "metabolic surgery" also addresses obesity-related metabolic concerns. Bariatric surgery has always been associated with lessened serum uric acid (SUA) levels. In this review, we examined current studies to understand how surgical therapies impact serum uric acid levels. Strongly minded on the extent and timing of changes in the level of serum uric acid after bariatric surgeries. We conducted a comprehensive search for relevant current studies in PubMed, Google Scholar, JAMA, and the Cochrane Library until February 1, 2024. We aimed to analyze the metabolic advantages of bariatric surgery, focusing on its function in treating hyperuricemia and lowering the risk of associated disorders. Our review elaborates on factors contributing to decreased serum uric acid levels after bariatric surgery, such as alterations in renal function, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Bashyal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, CHN
- Shanghai Center of Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, CHN
- SinoUnited Health, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Thyroid Center, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Manoj Karki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Bhairahawa, NPL
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Kumar N, Kaur K, Kaur N, Singh E, Bedi PMS. Pathology, target discovery, and the evolution of XO inhibitors from the first discovery to recent advances (2020-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107042. [PMID: 38118298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a disease characterized by elevation of serum uric acid level beyond 6 mg/dL. This elevation led to appearance of symptoms from joint pain to gout and from gout to difficulty in mobility of the patient. So, in this review, we have summarized the pathology of hyperuricemia, discovery of target and discovery of first XO inhibitor. At last, this review provides in-sights about the recently discovered as natural XO inhibitors, followed by design, structure activity relationship and biological activity of synthetic compounds as XO inhibitors discovered between 2020 and 2023 years. At last, the pharmacophores generated in this study will guide new researchers to design and modify the structure of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Ekampreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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D’Errico A, Nasso R, Rullo R, Maiuolo J, Costanzo P, Bonacci S, Oliverio M, De Vendittis E, Masullo M, Arcone R. Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives of Donepezil on the Activity of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Oxidative Damage. Molecules 2024; 29:548. [PMID: 38276626 PMCID: PMC10819651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors represent useful multi-target drugs for the prevention, attenuation, and treatment of oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders. Chimeric molecules, constituted by naturally derived compounds linked to drugs, represent lead compounds to be explored for the discovery of new synthetic drugs acting as enzyme inhibitors. We have previously reported that seven hydroxytyrosol-donepezil hybrid compounds play a protective role in an in vitro neuronal cell model of Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we analyzed the effects exerted by the hybrid compounds on the activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and B (MAO-B), as well as on xanthine oxidase (XO), enzymes involved in both neurodegenerative disorders and oxidative stress. The results pointed to the identification, among the compounds tested, of selective inhibitors between the two classes of enzymes. While the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate- (HT3) and the 4-hydroxyphenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate- donepezil derivatives (HT4) represented the best inhibitors of MAO-A, with a scarce effect on MAO-B, they were almost ineffective on XO. On the other hand, the 4,5-dihydroxy-2-nitrophenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate donepezil derivative (HT2), the least efficient MAO inhibitor, acted like the best XO inhibitor. Therefore, the differential enzymatic targets identified among the hybrid compounds synthesized enhance the possible applications of these polyphenol-donepezil hybrids in neurodegenerative disorders and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D’Errico
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosario Rullo
- Institute for the Animal Production Systems in the Mediterranean Environment, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Emmanuele De Vendittis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosaria Arcone
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
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Yang Y, Gao L, Shen F, Miao J, Liu H. A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between ischemic stroke and uric acid in young people in highland areas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1325629. [PMID: 38274224 PMCID: PMC10808705 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1325629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and ischemic stroke in young patients in the Ganzi Tibetan plateau area. Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken from January 2020 to June 2023 involving young patients (age: 15-45 years) diagnosed with ischemic stroke. The survey was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine of the People's Hospital of Derong County, Ganzi Prefecture. The participants underwent a comprehensive assessment, including questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and head computed tomography (CT) examinations. Based on the tertiles of serum uric acid (SUA) levels, the patients were stratified into three groups. Furthermore, stroke severity was classified into mild (1-4 points), moderate (5-15 points), and severe (>15 points) categories using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Results The severe stroke group exhibited higher levels of age, glucose, systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum uric acid (SUA) compared to the mild stroke group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the likelihood of male sex, advanced age, smoking, and a family history of stroke, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease were significantly elevated in the severe stroke group compared to the moderate stroke group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis conducted on young adults residing in highland areas revealed a significant association between SUA levels and the risk of stroke. Conclusion Elevated SUA levels serve as a distinct risk factor for the development of a major stroke in young patients in highland areas. At SUA levels of 320.56 mol/L, the risk of a moderate-to-severe stroke is noticeably elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | | | - Hua Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Tsutani H, Otsuki N, Mitsuke Y, Ueda T. Estimated excretion and clearance of uric acid as optimal surrogate indices for daily urinary uric acid excretion. Mod Rheumatol 2023; 34:238-244. [PMID: 36478052 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Daily uric acid excretion (Eua) is an essential index for patients with gout/hyperuricaemia. We identified alternative indices most correlated with 24-hour uric acid clearance (Cua 24 h) and 24-hour Eua (Eua 24 h) using data from the reference interval of urinary clearance and excretion of urate study. METHODS The subjects were indoor workers aged 20-65 years who met the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines C28-A3c. Alternative indices using spot urine were urine uric acid creatinine ratio, Cua-creatinine clearance ratio (Cua/Ccr), Eua-CCr ratio (Eua/Ccr), estimated Cua (eCua), and estimated Eua (eEua). eCua and eEua are the values obtained by multiplying Cua/Ccr and Eua/Ccr with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS The final number of subjects analysed was 739. Among the indices using spot urine, eCua and eEua showed the highest correlation with Cua 24 h and Eua 24 h, respectively. Compared with Cua 60 min and Eua 60 min obtained from 60-min urine collection, eCua and eEua showed lower root means squared error, lower bias, and significantly higher accuracy of within 30% and within 15%. CONCLUSIONS The newly proposed eCua and eEua may be appropriate from a practical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nozomi Otsuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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Hazra P, Vadnere S, Mishra S, Halder S, Mandal S, Ghosh P. Review on Uric Acid Recognition by MOFs with a Future in Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37905918 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is produced from purine metabolism and serves as a prevalent biomarker for multiple diseases including cancer. Hyperuricemia or hypouricemia can cause multiple dysfunctions throughout the biological processes. Consequently, there is a pressing need for monitoring UA concentration in body fluid. While clinical methods are known, the availability of a point-of-care testing (PoCT) kit remains conspicuously absent. In the case of electrochemical recognition of UA, the oxidation potential of ascorbic acid closely aligns with that of UA and thus it hinders the detection process, which eventually may result in false positive signals. Several chemosensors are known in the field of supramolecular chemistry, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the best-performing contenders due to their robustness, stability, and versatile structures. In this review, we tried to unbox the up-to-date development of UA sensing by MOFs. We delve into the state of UA recognition by MOFs, exploring both electrochemical and fluorometric pathways and drawing comparisons with structurally similar probes like covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to understand/establish the advantages of MOFs specifically in UA sensing. In the absence of a PoCT kit, we have provided the conceptual outlook for designing a PoCT device termed a "Urimeter" via electrochemical operation. For the first time, we have proposed different methods of how UA sensing can be tied up with artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI-ML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Poimanti Hazra
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srushti Vadnere
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saswat Mishra
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shibashis Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Tej Narayan Banaili College, Bhagalpur 812007, Bihar, India
| | - Shaswati Mandal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Pritam Ghosh
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences (SAS), Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lv M, Jiang S, Deng S, Zhao Z, Yang Z, Liu L, Ke T. Discovery and Characterization of Moracin C as an Anti-Gouty Arthritis/Hyperuricemia Candidate by Docking-Based Virtual Screening and Pharmacological Evaluation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2091-2101. [PMID: 37625387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a natural product database of compounds associated with herbs traditionally verified to treat gout/hyperuricemia/arthritis was constructed. 3D-shape and docking-based virtual screening was conducted. To identify potential xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitors in the database, eight compounds with commercial availability were identified as high 3D-shape similarity with febuxostat (1), a known XOD inhibitor. Docking was used to further predict the possible interactions between XOD and these compounds. Moracin C (2), moracin D (3), and isoformononetin (8) exhibited higher docking scores and binding energies than other compounds. In vitro, 2 inhibited XOD with an IC50 value of 0.25 ± 0.14 μM, which is similar to that of 1 (0.16 ± 0.08 μM). In a hyperuricemic mouse model, 5-20 mg/kg 2 exhibited satisfying urate-lowering and XOD inhibitory effects. Compound 2 also exhibited antiarthritis activities. In RAW264.7 cells, 2 at 1-10 μM inhibited the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by MSU. In an acute gouty arthritis model in SD rats, 5-20 mg/kg 2 significantly alleviated the toe swelling, inflammatory response, and dysfunction disorder caused by monosodium urate (MSU). Compound 2 inhibited serum IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines as well as reduced the expression of the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 inflammasome in joints. In summary, 2 was an effective compound for the treatment of hyperuricemia/gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Shaojie Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 2004 Hongli Road, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Zean Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zichao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China
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8
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Rullo R, Cerchia C, Nasso R, Romanelli V, Vendittis ED, Masullo M, Lavecchia A. Novel Reversible Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase Targeting the Active Site of the Enzyme. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040825. [PMID: 37107199 PMCID: PMC10135315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a flavoprotein catalysing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid, while simultaneously producing reactive oxygen species. Altered functions of XO may lead to severe pathological diseases, including gout-causing hyperuricemia and oxidative damage of tissues. These findings prompted research studies aimed at targeting the activity of this crucial enzyme. During the course of a virtual screening study aimed at the discovery of novel inhibitors targeting another oxidoreductase, superoxide dismutase, we identified four compounds with non-purine-like structures, namely ALS-1, -8, -15 and -28, that were capable of causing direct inhibition of XO. The kinetic studies of their inhibition mechanism allowed a definition of these compounds as competitive inhibitors of XO. The most potent molecule was ALS-28 (Ki 2.7 ± 1.5 µM), followed by ALS-8 (Ki 4.5 ± 1.5 µM) and by the less potent ALS-15 (Ki 23 ± 9 µM) and ALS-1 (Ki 41 ± 14 µM). Docking studies shed light on the molecular basis of the inhibitory activity of ALS-28, which hinders the enzyme cavity channel for substrate entry consistently with the competitive mechanism observed in kinetic studies. Moreover, the structural features emerging from the docked poses of ALS-8, -15 and -1 may explain the lower inhibition power with respect to ALS-28. All these structurally unrelated compounds represent valuable candidates for further elaboration into promising lead compounds.
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Li Z, Wang Y, Fan Z, Sun Y, Sun Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Ma J, Wang Z, Zhu Z. A Dual-Function Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for Uric Acid and Glucose Sensing in Sweat. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010105. [PMID: 36671938 PMCID: PMC9855683 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of uric acid and glucose using a non-invasive approach can be a promising strategy for related diseases, e.g., diabetes, gout, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have proposed a dual-function wearable electrochemical sensor for uric acid and glucose detection in sweat. The sensor with a four-electrode system was prepared by printing the ink on a common rubber glove. CV and chronoamperometry were used to characterize the prepared sensor's electrochemical sensing performance. The sensors exhibited the linear range from 0 to 1.6 mM and 0 to 3.7 mM towards uric acid and glucose electrochemical sensing in phosphate-buffered solution, with the corresponding limit of detection of 3.58 μM and 9.10 μM obtained, respectively. Moreover, the sensors had shown their feasibility of real sample sensing in sweat. The linear detection range for uric acid (0 to 40 μM) and glucose (0 to 1.6 mM) in the sweat can well cover their concentration range in physiological conditions. The prepared dual-function wearable electrochemical sensor features easy preparation, fast detection, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and the practical application potential in uric acid and glucose sensing.
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10
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Discovery of novel benzbromarone analogs with improved pharmacokinetics and benign toxicity profiles as antihyperuricemic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114682. [PMID: 36001935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzbromarone (BM) is a potent URAT1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of gout. However, the low URAT1-selectivity and hepatotoxcity limit its clinical use. To solve these problems, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of BM derivatives by chemotype hybridization and bioisosteric replacement. Most compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activities against URAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 5.83 μM to 0.80 μM. Among them, JNS4 exhibited the highest URAT1 inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 0.80 μM, comparable to that of BM (IC50 = 0.53 μM). Molecular dynamic simulations showed that JNS4 formed π-cation interaction with R477, the same as BM. Different from BM, JNS4 bound to W357 and H245 via π-π interactions and formed a hydrogen bond with S35, which might contribute to the high URAT1 binding affinity of JNS4. JNS4 hardly inhibited GLUT9 (IC50 > 20 μM), another urate reabsorption transporter. In addition, JNS4 showed little inhibitory effects against OAT1 and ABCG2 with IC50 of 4.04 μM and 10.16 μM, respectively. Importantly, JNS4 displayed higher in vivo urate-lowering effects at doses of 1-4 mg/kg in a mouse model of hyperuricemia, as compared to BM and lesinurad. Furthermore, JNS4 possessed favorable pharmacokinetic properties with an oral bioavailability of 55.28%, significantly higher than that of BM (36.11%). Moreover, JNS4 demonstrated benign toxicity profiles (no cytotoxicities against HepG2 and HK2 cells; no hepatic and renal toxicities observed in vivo). Collectively, these results suggest that JNS4 represents a novel, safe and selective URAT1 inhibitor with excellent druggabilities and is worthy of further investigation as an anti-hyperuricemic agent.
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Ji P, Zhu J, Feng J, Li H, Yu Q, Qin H, Wei L, Zhang J. Serum uric acid levels and diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A dose-response meta-analysis. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:457-465. [PMID: 35305901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to assess the existing evidence on whether serum uric acid (SUA) levels are associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of articles up to October 2021 in Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science that estimated DKD by SUA levels in patients with T2DM. Pooled relative risks with 95% CI were calculated using random effects models RESULTS: A total of eight cohort studies involving 25,741 T2DM patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared the highest with the lowest category of SUA level, the summary risk ratios were 2.04 (95%CI 1.43-2.92, P < 0.001). The linear dose-response analysis revealed that the risk of DKD increased by 24% for each 1 mg/dl increase of SUA. The non-linear dose-response analysis also showed a significant relevance between SUA and the risk of DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum uric acid is associated with an increased risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serum uric acid level could be a good indicator for predicting diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ji
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Jieyun Zhu
- International Medical Services, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jihua Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Han Qin
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Lile Wei
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China.
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12
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Cheng S, Khan M, Yin F, Wu W, Sun T, Hu Q, Lin JM, Wang X. Liquid crystal-based sensitive and selective detection of uric acid and uricase in body fluids. Talanta 2022; 244:123455. [PMID: 35397324 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal levels of uric acid (UA) in body fluids are associated with gout, type (II) diabetes, leukemia, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, uremia, kidney damage, and cardiovascular diseases. Also, the presence of uricase (UOx) symbolizes genetic disorders and corresponding complications. Therefore, the detection of UA and UOx in the body fluids is significant for clinical diagnosis. 4-Cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB, a nematic liquid crystal (LC)) was doped with octadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (OTAB, a cationic surfactant), which formed a self-assembled monolayer at the aqueous/5CB interface. The UOx-catalyzed oxidation of UA yielded H2O2, releasing the single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) from the nanoceria/ssDNA complex. The interaction of the released ssDNA with OTAB disrupted the monolayer at the aqueous/5CB interface, which resulted in a dark to bright change when observed through a polarized optical microscope. The LC-based sensor allowed the detection of UA with a linear range of 0.01-10 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.001 μM. The UA detection was also performed in human urine samples and the results were comparable to that of a standard commercial colorimetric method. Similarly, the detection of UOx was performed, with a noted linear range of 20-140 μg/mL. The LOD was as low as 0.34 μg/mL. The detection of UOx was also demonstrated in human serum samples with excellent performance. This method provides a robust sensing platform for the detection of UA and UOx and has potential for applications in clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supan Cheng
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fangchao Yin
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
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13
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Tang M, Li J, Cai X, Sun T, Chen C. Single-atom Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Challenges. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101422. [PMID: 35143111 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanozymes have received extensive attention in the fields of sensing and detection, medical therapy, industry, and agriculture thanks to the combination of the catalytic properties of natural enzymes and the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, coupled with superior stability and ease of preparation. Despite the promise of nanozymes, conventional nanozymes are constrained by their oversized size and low catalytic capacity in sophisticated practical application environments. single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) were characterized as nanozymes with high catalytic efficiency by uniformly distributed single atoms as catalysis sites, thus effectively addressing the defects of conventional nanozymes. This paper reviews the activity improvement scheme and catalytic mechanism of SAzymes and highlights the latest research progress of SAzymes in the fields of biomedical sensing and therapy. Eventually, the challenges and future directions of SAzymes are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Tang
- Northeast Forestry University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jingqi Li
- Northeast Forestry University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xinda Cai
- Northeast Forestry University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
| | - Tiedong Sun
- Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing road, Xiangfang district, Harbin city, Heilongjiang province, 150040, Harbin, CHINA
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Northeast Forestry University, Department of chemistry, CHINA
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14
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Kuang P, Luo J, Surineni G, Cen X, Wu T, Cao Y, Zhou P, Pang J, Zhang Q, Chen J. Discovery of novel verinurad analogs as dual inhibitors of URAT1 and GLUT9 with improved Druggability for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114092. [PMID: 34998055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Verinurad (RDEA3170) is a selective URAT1 inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. In an effort to further improve the pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics of verinurad and to increase the structural diversity, we designed novel verinurad analogs by introducing a linker (e.g. aminomethyl, amino or oxygen) between the naphthalene and the pyridine ring to increase the flexibility. These compounds were synthesized and tested for their in vitro URAT1-inhibitory activity. Most compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activities against URAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 0.24 μM to 16.35 μM. Among them, compound KPH2f exhibited the highest URAT1-inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.24 μM, comparable to that of verinurad (IC50 = 0.17 μM). KPH2f also inhibited GLUT9 with an IC50 value of 9.37 ± 7.10 μM, indicating the dual URAT1/GLUT9 targeting capability. In addition, KPH2f showed little effects on OAT1 and ABCG2, and thus was unlikely to cause OAT1/ABCG2-mediated drug-drug interactions and/or to neutralize the uricosuric effects of URAT1/GLUT9 inhibitors. Importantly, KPH2f (10 mg/kg) was equally effective in reducing serum uric acid levels and exhibited higher uricosuric effects in a mice hyperuricemia model, as compared to verinurad (10 mg/kg). Furthermore, KPH2f demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties with an oral bioavailability of 30.13%, clearly better than that of verinurad (21.47%). Moreover, KPH2f presented benign safety profiles without causing hERG toxicity, cytotoxicity in vitro (lower than verinurad), and renal damage in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that KPH2f represents a novel, safe and effective dual URAT1/GLUT9 inhibitor with improved druggabilities and is worthy of further investigation as an anti-hyperuricemic drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zean Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihua Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Goverdhan Surineni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Cen
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- Good Clinical Practice Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Cheng Z, Zheng T, Zhang D, Yang J, Hu X, Yin C, Ren X, Li J, Shi D, Li N, Zheng S, Wang M, Bai Y. High-level uric acid in asymptomatic hyperuricemia could be an isolated risk factor of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3415-3425. [PMID: 34663537 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Whether the asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH) raise the cardiovascular disease risk with or without hyperuricemia-related comorbidities still remains contentious. Our study was aimed to quantitatively access the incidence risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke associated with AH. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective cohort study, multivariate-adjusted Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Baseline serum uric acid beyond normouricemia (357 mmol/L) was quarterly stratified based on the distribution of healthy populations without CVD onset. 1062 CVD first-attack cases were collected among the 29,974 study population (age range: 18-91, mean age: 47.2 ± 13.9 years-old) with a mean follow-up duration of 5.78 ± 0.83 years. The AH showed overall non-association with the CVD incident. However, significantly increased adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of CVD with 95% confidence interval (CI) were observed when the fourth quartile compared with normouricemia stratum in the total cohort population (CHD: 1.42, 1.21-1.68; stroke: 1.27, 1.06-1.41), male (CHD: 1.26, 1.12-1.55), female (CHD: 1.34, 1.04-2.02; stroke: 2.06, 1.13-3.77) and aged over 50 years-old population. Meanwhile, the age-standardized incidence rate of CVD in the fourth quartile was 2-3 times higher than the normouricemia population. After excluded 14,464 baseline population with diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, consistent results were also observed in the AH population in absence of comorbidities (CHD: 1.51, 1.22-2.25; stroke: 1.68, 1.13-2.39). CONCLUSION Asymptomatic hyperuricemia patients exposed to a higher level of uric acid (>=428 mmol/L) could significantly increase the incidence risk of CHD and stroke, with or without hyperuricemia-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Cheng
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02901, USA
| | - Desheng Zhang
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Corporation, Jinchuan Group CO., LTD, Jinchang, Gansu, 737100, PR China
| | - Jingli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Chun Yin
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Corporation, Jinchuan Group CO., LTD, Jinchang, Gansu, 737100, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Juansheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Dian Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02901, USA; School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 73000, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Workers' Hospital of Jinchuan Corporation, Jinchuan Group CO., LTD, Jinchang, Gansu, 737100, PR China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Minzhen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yana Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.
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16
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Shin D, Lee KW. Dietary Acid Load Is Positively Associated with the Incidence of Hyperuricemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults: Findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910260. [PMID: 34639563 PMCID: PMC8508478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has been associated with a number of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Dietary acid load plays a key role in regulating uric acid levels. We hypothesized that potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score would be positively associated with the incidence of hyperuricemia. Data from the Health Examinees study, a part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were used. The PRAL and NEAP scores were calculated to evaluate the dietary acid load. Hyperuricemia was defined as follows: >7.0 mg/dL and >6.0 mg/dL of serum uric acid levels in men and women, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence of hyperuricemia. We identified 2500 new cases of hyperuricemia during a mean follow-up of 5.0 years (223,552 person years). The participants in the highest quartiles of the PRAL and NEAP score had 21% (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07–1.35, p for trend <0.0001) and 17% (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.31, p for trend <0.0001) higher risks for hyperuricemia, respectively, than those in the lowest quartiles, after adjusting for covariates. In this prospective cohort study, a higher dietary acid load was positively associated with a higher incidence of hyperuricemia in Korean adults. This suggests that an alkaline diet may be an effective strategy to reduce the future risk of elevated uric acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-230-3746
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17
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Wu SW, Liu CY, Yeh CJ, Wang YH, Cheng-Chung Wei J. Association of urate-lowering drugs with the risk of future urolithiasis in patients with gout: A population-based nested case-control study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14283. [PMID: 33914376 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with gout have an increased risk of urolithiasis and usually need urate-lowering therapy (ULT) for the prevention of disease progression. However, there is a paucity of clinical data regarding the risk of future urolithiasis in ULT users. METHODS This nested case-control study was performed using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The aim of this study was to examine whether ULT (xanthine oxidase inhibitors [XOIs] or uricosuric agents) is associated with risk of future urolithiasis in patients with gout. Data were collected from January 2000 to December 2012. RESULTS This study included 2307 case patients and 2307 matched controls. Case patients had gout that developed into urolithiasis, and control patients had gout but were not diagnosed with urolithiasis during the study period. Patients had a mean age of 56.3 years at diagnosis of gout, and 83.2% were male patients. No association was detected between use of XOIs or uricosuric agents and risk of future urolithiasis. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the risk of future urolithiasis in patients exposed to various cumulative days of XOI or uricosuric prescriptions. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that neither XOIs nor uricosuric agents are associated with risk of future urolithiasis in patients with gout. Before the availability of more clinical evidence, ensuring high fluid intake and prospective monitoring of urolithiasis development are still important for uricosuric agent users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Yeh
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University and Institute of Medicine, College of medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Ma J, Han R, Sun B, Lin J, Deng P, Wang S, Sun S. Differentially expressed microRNA in testicular tissues of hyperuricaemia rats. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14184. [PMID: 34255383 DOI: 10.1111/and.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs in testicular tissues of rats with hyperuricaemia-induced male infertility. We found that the hyperuricaemia model group had significantly increased serum uric acid, while significantly decreased sperm concentration and motile sperm percentage than normal group (p < .05). A total of 39 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the testicular tissues of hyperuricaemia rats compared with the control rats, ten of which were validated by real-time PCR. The target mRNAs of 7 differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-183-5p, miR-362-3p and miR-509-5p) from 3'-untranslated region binding perspective were enriched in signalling pathways of Wnt, Jak-STAT, mTOR and MAPK. The target mRNAs of 6 differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-136-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-509-5p, miR-451-5p and miR-362-3p) from coding sequence binding perspective were enriched in signalling pathways of Calcium, Notch and MAPK. The functions of miRNAs in testicular tissues of rats with hyperuricaemia were revealed by the differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-183-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-151-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-451-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-136-5p, miR-144-3p and miR-509-5p)-mRNAs interaction network. The differentially expressed miRNAs in the testicular tissues of hyperuricaemia rats might shed light on the mechanism of hyperuricaemia-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiyu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peipei Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shusong Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Family Planning and Healthy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Hebei Research Institute for Family Planning Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shaoguang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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19
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Cardiovascular events in hyperuricemia population and a cardiovascular benefit-risk assessment of urate-lowering therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:982-993. [PMID: 32106120 PMCID: PMC7176444 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia and gout have become public health concerns; many important guidelines have recommended xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) as the first-line urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) to treat chronic gout with hyperuricemia. However, whether treating hyperuricemia and gout with ULTs modifies cardiovascular risks remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the incident risk of cardiovascular (CV) events (CVE) in hyperuricemia population, assess the cardiovascular benefit-risk of ULTs in hyperuricemia patients with or without gout in diverse cardiovascular risk sub-groups, and specify the safety of different ULTs. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP (CQVIP, en.cqvip.com), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in English and Chinese. Potential medications included XOIs, and uricosurics. RCTs were divided into sub-groups analysis based on blinding status and patients' history of CV diseases. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated and were reported with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by fixed-effects or random-effects model. RESULTS Seven prospective cohort studies and 17 RCT studies were included. The risks of both major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (RR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.28-2.33) and CVE (RR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.62) were higher in the hyperuricemia population than non-hyperuricemia one. In seven RCT studies where XOIs were compared with no-treatment or placebo, the results of five low CV risk studies showed that XOIs lowered the risks of both MACE (RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.20-0.62) and CVE (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.85); whereas two high CV risk studies showed that XOIs lowered the risk of CVE (RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.88) rather than MACE (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.29-1.35). In nine RCT studies where the cardiovascular safety between febuxostat and allopurinol were compared, no statistical difference was found in the risk of MACE or CVE. CONCLUSIONS The hyperuricemia population does have a higher incidence of CVE, and the results suggested that XOIs might reduce the incidence of MACE and total CVE. In addition, from the perspective of cardiovascular safety, febuxostat equaled allopurinol in our meta-analysis.
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20
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Wei Y, Zhu J, Wetzstein SA. Plasma and water fluoride levels and hyperuricemia among adolescents: A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of the United States for 2013-2016. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111670. [PMID: 33396180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to excessive fluoride has been associated with a number of adverse health outcomes; however, there is a lack of evidence on the relation between fluoride exposure and serum uric acid levels, especially in human populations. The present study examined a potential relationship between fluoride exposure, measured as both plasma and water fluoride concentrations, and uric acid levels in an adolescent population. A nationally representative subsample of 1933 adolescents, aged 12-19 years, in the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed for the association of fluoride concentrations with serum uric acid levels using multivariate general linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Since uric acid levels change during development, hyperuricemia was defined in this study as over the mean plus one standard deviation for each sex and age group of adolescents. Of the study participants, 276 adolescents (weighted prevalence, 16.56%) had hyperuricemia. A significant and dose-dependent increase in prevalence of hyperuricemia was seen among the participants cross increasing quartiles of plasma fluoride (p-trend = 0.0017). After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that adolescents in the higher quartiles of plasma fluoride (≥0.32 µmol/L) and in the highest quartile of water fluoride (≥0.73 mg/L) had significantly increased odds of hyperuricemia compared with those in the lowest quartile. A 1.95-fold increased odds (95% CI: 1.37, 2.77) of hyperuricemia was also observed when analyzing plasma fluoride concentrations as continuous variable. A general linear model revealed that a 1 µmol/L increase in ln-plasma fluoride was associated with a 0.212 mg/dL (p < 0.0001) increased serum uric acid level. Furthermore, a positive relationship was observed between water and plasma fluoride concentrations (β = 0.1907; p < 0.0001). Our study demonstrates a potential relation between fluoride exposure and hyperuricemia in adolescents. Further studies are warranted to overcome the limitations of this study to examine the impact of long-term exposure to low levels of fluoride during development on hyperuricemia and its related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Wei
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA
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21
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Yen FS, Wei JCC, Chang CL, Yang CC, Hsu CC, Hwu CM. Urate-lowering Therapy and Chronic Kidney Disease Development in Patients with Gout. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2599-2606. [PMID: 34104091 PMCID: PMC8176173 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a global health concern. Many studies have identified an association between hyperuricemia and CKD, and some studies have revealed that urate-lowering therapy (ULT) can attenuate CKD progression. However, only a few studies have explored the role of ULT in the prevention of new onset CKD. Methods: To compare the risk of incident CKD between users and nonusers of ULT in patients with gout, we conducted a 13-year population-based retrospective cohort study. Overall incidence of CKD was compared between 7126 ULT users and 7126 matched ULT nonusers. Results: The CKD incidence rate for both the users and nonusers of ULT was 1.7 per 100 person-years, after adjusting for sex, age, region of residence, comorbidities, and medications used. No significant difference in CKD risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88-1.07) was noted between the ULT users and nonusers. In the subgroup of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and without hypertension (HT), ULT tended to be associated with lower risk of incident CKD (aHR: 0.52; 0.95% CI: 0.28-0.97). Compared with the risk of new onset CKD in patients receiving xanthine oxidase inhibitors, those receiving uricosuric agents seemed to have a lower risk of developing CKD (aHR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.99). Conclusion: This population-based cohort study indicated that ULT is not associated with lower risk of CKD development. However, in the subgroup of patients with DM and without HT, ULT is associated with significantly lower risk of incident CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Institute of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Toxicology & Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tork SE, Aly MM, Al-Fattani SQ. A new uricase from Bacillus cereus SKIII: Characterization, gene identification and genetic improvement. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3135-3144. [PMID: 33122065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five microbial isolates were investigated for uricase production on uric acid medium. All isolates were obtained from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The highest uricase producer was identified as Bacillus cereus SKIII. Using glucose peptone broth at pH 7.5, incubation temperature 30 °C for 3 days with shaking of 150 rpm were the best conditions for maximum enzyme production. Glucose and peptone were the best carbon and nitrogen sources. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was34.5 KDa, and isoelectric point was 7.9. The optimum pH and temperature were pH 8.0 and 35 °C, respectively. It was stable at 35 °C for 60 min, but thermally inactivated at 60 °C after 60 min Its enzymatic activity was enhanced by Mg2+, Ca2+,Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ions and inhibited by Co2+, Na+, Hg2+, Ag+ ions and EDTA at 1 mM. Uricase production was enhanced using UV mutation and the obtained mutant produced six times higher than the original isolate. An amplicon 900 bp of uricase gene (Pucl) was sequenced (accession number MF417635). No remarkable difference was noticed in B. cereus SKIII and SKm mutant nucleotide sequences. In conclusion, SKIII and SKm are promising strains in uricase production for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa E Tork
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Microbial Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Magda M Aly
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, KafrElsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Safa Q Al-Fattani
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Hu FX, Hu T, Chen S, Wang D, Rao Q, Liu Y, Dai F, Guo C, Yang HB, Li CM. Single-Atom Cobalt-Based Electrochemical Biomimetic Uric Acid Sensor with Wide Linear Range and Ultralow Detection Limit. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 13:7. [PMID: 34138193 PMCID: PMC8187548 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) detection is essential in diagnosis of arthritis, preeclampsia, renal disorder, and cardiovascular diseases, but it is very challenging to realize the required wide detection range and low detection limit. We present here a single-atom catalyst consisting of Co(II) atoms coordinated by an average of 3.4 N atoms on an N-doped graphene matrix (A-Co-NG) to build an electrochemical biomimetic sensor for UA detection. The A-Co-NG sensor achieves a wide detection range over 0.4-41,950 μM and an extremely low detection limit of 33.3 ± 0.024 nM, which are much better than previously reported sensors based on various nanostructured materials. Besides, the A-Co-NG sensor also demonstrates its accurate serum diagnosis for UA for its practical application. Combination of experimental and theoretical calculation discovers that the catalytic process of the A-Co-NG toward UA starts from the oxidation of Co species to form a Co3+-OH-UA*, followed by the generation of Co3+-OH + *UA_H, eventually leading to N-H bond dissociation for the formation of oxidized UA molecule and reduction of oxidized Co3+ to Co2+ for the regenerated A-Co-NG. This work provides a promising material to realize UA detection with wide detection range and low detection limit to meet the practical diagnosis requirements, and the proposed sensing mechanism sheds light on fundamental insights for guiding exploration of other biosensing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xin Hu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Hu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianghai Rao
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxian Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Bin Yang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Advanced Cross-field Science and College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 200671, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Aladdin NA, Husain K, Jalil J, Sabandar CW, Jamal JA. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of a new isocoumarin obtained from Marantodes pumilum var. pumila leaves. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:324. [PMID: 33109178 PMCID: PMC7590683 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In traditional Malay medicine, Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze (family Primulaceae) is commonly used by women to treat parturition, flatulence, dysentery, dysmenorrhea, gonorrhea, and bone diseases. Preliminary screening of some Primulaceae species showed that they possess xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of three varieties of M. pumilum and their phytochemical compounds. METHOD Dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts of the leaves and roots of M. pumilum var. alata, M. pumilum var. pumila, and M. pumilum var. lanceolata were tested using an in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation were carried out on the most active extract using chromatographic techniques. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS The most active dichloromethane extract of M. pumilum var. pumila leaves (IC50 = 161.6 μg/mL) yielded one new compound, 3,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-4,8-dimethyl-isocoumarin (1), and five known compounds, viz. ardisiaquinone A (2), maesanin (3), stigmasterol (4), tetracosane (5), and margaric acid (6). The new compound was found to be the most active xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.66 ± 0.01 μg/mL, which was not significantly different (p > 0.05) from that of the positive control, allopurinol (IC50 = 0.24 ± 0.00 μg/mL). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the new compound 3,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-4,8-dimethyl-isocoumarin (1), which was isolated from the dichloromethane extract of M. pumilum var. pumila leaves, could be a potential xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor-Ashila Aladdin
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Carla Wulandari Sabandar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Kolaka, Indonesia
| | - Jamia Azdina Jamal
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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25
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Doualla M, Nkeck JR, Halle MP, Kamdem F, Agouak AI, Essouma M, Lobe YB, Ashuntantang G. Assessment of the efficacy of hemodialysis on uric acid clearance in a sub-Saharan African population at the end stage kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:378. [PMID: 32867705 PMCID: PMC7457757 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uricemia dramatically rises with the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and correlates with its mortality. Hemodialysis (HD) being the most used treatment at the end stage in sub-Saharan Africa, we sought to evaluate its efficacy on the clearance of uric acid (UAc) when used alone and twice per week. Methods A cross-sectional study of all consenting patients with CKD stage 5 recruited at random during HD sessions in a reference Centre in Cameroon from January to April 2017. We collected socio-demographic data, relevant clinical information, HD related variables, and measured serum uric acid (SUA) levels before and after the dialysis to assess the uric acid clearance. A clearance between 65 and 80% and above 80% was considered as low and good efficacy of HD respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. Factors associated with HD efficacy were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and are presented with their odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence levels. Results One hundred four patients (53 females) were included. The mean age was 49.9 ± 13.3 years. Hypertension (25%) and chronic glomerulonephritis (16%) were the main suspected etiologies of CKD. The median time on renal replacement therapy by HD was 3 years [1; 6]. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 81.9%. The means of SUA levels were 78.8 ± 13.8 mg/L and 26.4 ± 6.6 mg/L respectively before and after dialysis. Mean SUA clearance was 66% ± 10%. The efficacy of HD on UAc was moderate in 92 (63.9%) and good in 2 (1.4%) patients. Excess weight (OR 0.4 [0.2; 0.9]) and Kt/Vurea < 1.2 (OR 0.1 [0.04; 0.2]) significantly reduces the efficacy of HD. Conclusion HD used alone for 2 sessions per week has a moderate efficacy on uric acid clearance in CKD. Therefore, we should improve the Kt/V (> 1.2), and combine HD to uric acid lowering drugs and diet modifications to increase its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Doualla
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.,Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Jan René Nkeck
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Marie Patrice Halle
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.,Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Félicité Kamdem
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Aude Ingrid Agouak
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Mickael Essouma
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Gloria Ashuntantang
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Han LJ, Kong YJ, Hou GZ, Chen HC, Zhang XM, Zheng HG. A Europium-based MOF Fluorescent Probe for Efficiently Detecting Malachite Green and Uric Acid. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7181-7187. [PMID: 32352295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide (such as Tb and Eu) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used in fluorescent probes because of their multiple coordination modes and brilliant fluorescence characteristic. Many lanthanide MOFs were applied in detecting metal ions, inorganic anions, and small molecules. However, it's rarely reported that Ln-MOF was devoted to detecting malachite green (MG) and uric acid (UA). We prepared a europium-based metal-organic framework (Eu-TDA) (TDA = 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid group). Luminescence studies demonstrated that Eu-TDA can rapidly detect MG and UA with excellent selectivity and sensitivity, where individual quenching efficiency Ksv (MG: 5.8 × 105 M-1; UA: 4.15 × 104 M-1) and detection limit (MG: 0.0221 μM; UA: 0.689 μM) were regarded as the excellent MOF sensors for detecting MG and UA. The quenching of Eu-TDA's fluorescence emission by MG and UA was likely due to the spectral overlap, energy transfer, and competition. Among 11 metal cations and 14 anions, Eu-TDA can quickly and effectively recognize MG and UA with highly selective and sensitive properties. Our method possesses potential application in detecting UA in human blood and MG in the fishpond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Zheng Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Chong Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu 273155, P. R. China
| | - He-Gen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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27
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Saravanan RK, Naqvi TK, Patil S, Dwivedi PK, Verma S. Purine-blended nanofiber woven flexible nanomats for SERS-based analyte detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5795-5798. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a fabricated nanocomposite as a flexible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate for uric acid detection up to 10−7 M (100 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kamal Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Tania K. Naqvi
- Centre for Nanoscience Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sandip Patil
- E-Spin Nanotech Pvt. Ltd
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Prabhat K. Dwivedi
- Centre for Nanoscience Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
- Centre for Nanoscience Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
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28
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Fang C, Chen L, He M, Luo Y, Zhou M, Zhang N, Yuan J, Wang H, Xie Y. Molecular mechanistic insight into the anti-hyperuricemic effect of Eucommia ulmoides in mice and rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:112-119. [PMID: 30843748 PMCID: PMC6419643 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1568510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (Eucommiaceae) has various medicinal properties. Our previous studies revealed that Eucommia ulmoides has a protective effect on hyperuricaemia. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of Eucommia ulmoides cortex ethanol extract (EU) on hyperuricaemia and explores the underlying mechanism in Kunming mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty mice and sixty rats were divided into normal control, hyperuricaemia, allopurinol (10 mg/kg) and three EU groups. The EU groups received intragastric EU at 80, 160, 320 mg/kg in mice and 100, 200, 400 mg/kg in rats for 7 days. Serum uric acid (SUA) was measured using a kit. mRNA and proteins were quantified by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical assays (IHC), respectively. RESULTS The Maximal Tolerable Dose (MTD) of EU administered intragastrically was 18 g/kg in mice. The intermediate (160 mg/kg) and high (320 mg/kg) EU treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) SUA levels to 130.16 μmol/L and 109.29 μmol/L, respectively, and markedly elevated the mRNA expression of organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) and organic anion transporters 3 (OAT3), while significantly deceasing the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) and uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) in the mouse kidney (p < 0.05). In hyperuricemic rats, high EU (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced SUA levels to 253.85 μmol/L, and increased OAT1 and OAT3 levels, but decreased URAT1 and GLUT9, compared to the hyperuricaemia group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the potential hyperuricaemia ameliorating effect of EU. Specific active ingredients in EU should be evaluated. These results are valuable for the development of antihyperuritic agents from EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lanying Chen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- CONTACT Lanying Chen National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 56 Yanming Road, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingzhen He
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengjing Zhou
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongyan Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Chen Y, Zhou W, Ma J, Ruan F, Qi X, Cai Y. Potential of a sensitive uric acid biosensor fabricated using hydroxyapatite nanowire/reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:268-275. [PMID: 31729094 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a ternary nanocomposite consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowires, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method, which is used to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for detecting uric acid. The nanocomposite is characterized through various methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical measurements of the modified GCE are performed in a conventional three-electrode system. Experimental results show that the obtained HAP nanowire and rGO are mixed homogeneously, and the AuNPs are deposited into this matrix. The GCE modified by the nanocomposites have superior electrocatalytic activities for uric acid. The peak current intensities of UAO (uricase)/HAP-rGO/AuNPs sensing system linearly increase as the uric acid concentration increases substantially in a range of 1.95 × 10-5 to 6.0 × 10-3 M (R2 = .9943), with a detection limit of 3.9 × 10-6 M (S/N = 3) and analytical sensitivity of 13.86 mA/M. The biosensor performs well in determining uric acid concentration in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wencui Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixia Ruan
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Lab for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Tariq MA, Shamim SA, Rana KF, Saeed A, Malik BH. Serum Uric Acid - Risk Factor for Acute Ischemic Stroke and Poor Outcomes. Cureus 2019; 11:e6007. [PMID: 31815071 PMCID: PMC6881082 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades several studies among the adult population have attempted to establish a correlation between the risk of stroke incidence and serum uric acid (SUA) concentration, and how these levels influence the patient’s neurological outcome after a stroke. But, to date, the results are conflicting. In this review, an extensive literature search was performed through PubMed for articles published until May 2019 to review the association. The study selection was narrowed by searching PubMed database using the Medical Subject Headings (MesH) and associated keywords. Only articles conducted in English and on human subjects were included. We considered an article for this review if it had statistics on either the incidence, stroke mortality or post-stroke functional outcomes along with serum uric acid levels in adults. This review includes 21 articles with data of 33,580 cases of stroke and 1,100,888 participants. We can divide the articles reviewed into two separate cohorts of studies. One relates serum uric acid levels to stroke frequency and mortality, while the other is associated with serum uric acid and outcomes for stroke survivors. Based on our review, no significant relationship is observed with uric acid exhibiting protective effects on stroke outcome. Large clinical trials are advised to provide well-defined solutions to further assess the benefits of uric acid level lowering treatment in patients of vascular events, such as a stroke. However, we confidently report that increasing uric acid levels poses a higher risk for incidence of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Tariq
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sohaib A Shamim
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kiran F Rana
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aisha Saeed
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Bilal Haider Malik
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Effect of Muntingia calabura L. Stem Bark Extracts on Uric Acid Concentration and Renal Histopathology in Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55100695. [PMID: 31623288 PMCID: PMC6843809 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: This study was designed to determine uric acid concentration and renal histopathology of Muntingia calabura L. stem bark extract in diabetic rats and to compare the natural product of M. calabura L. stem bark extract with allopurinol. Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design was used for the experiment, which consisted of six treatment groups, each consisting of four rats, as follows: 1) NR, normal rat; 2) KN, diabetic rat (negative control); 3) KP, diabetic rats given allopurinol 10 mg/kg body weight; 4) EM150, diabetic rats given the test extract 150 mg/kg body weight/day; 5) EM300, diabetic rats given the test extract 300 mg/kg body weight/day; and 6) EM450, diabetic rats given for extract 450 mg/kg body weight/ day. Results: The results showed that M. calabura L. stem bark extract decreased (p < 0.05) uric acid concentrations in diabetic rats and no specific damage to renal proximal tubular cells was seen. Conclusions: It was concluded that M. calabura L. stem bark extract has a potential as an antihyperuricemic in diabetic rats. The recommended dose was 300 mg/kg body weight to provide a significant effect on reducing the uric acid level in diabetic rats. Our results support the use of this plant for the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory diseases.
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Alula MT, Lemmens P, Bo L, Wulferding D, Yang J, Spende H. Preparation of silver nanoparticles coated ZnO/Fe3O4 composites using chemical reduction method for sensitive detection of uric acid via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1073:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen H, Ding X, Li J, Wu Z, Wang Y, He H, Yang Z, Wu J, Wang Y, Xie D. White blood cell count: an independent predictor of coronary heart disease risk in middle-aged and elderly population with hyperuricemia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13729. [PMID: 30572511 PMCID: PMC6320159 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to examine the association between white blood cell (WBC) count and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in middle-aged and elderly population with hyperuricemia.Data included in this analysis were from a population-based cross-sectional study, that is, the Xiangya Hospital Health Management Center Study. Hyperuricemia was defined as uric acid ≥416 μmol/L in male population and ≥360 μmol/L in female population. The WBC count was classified into 3 categories based on the tertile distribution of the study population. Framingham risk scores calculated by the Adult Treatment Panel III charts were used to estimate 10-year CHD risk for each participant. The relationship between WBC count and CHD risk in patients with hyperuricemia was examined using the multivariable logistic analysis.A total of 1148 hyperuricemia patients (855 males and 293 females) aged from 40 to 85 years were included and 418 (36.4%) of them were defined with relatively high 10-year CHD risk. Compared with the lowest tertile, the crude odds ratios (ORs) of high 10-year CHD risk were 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.92) and 1.56 (95% CI 1.16-2.11) in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of WBC count (P for trend = .004), and the multivariable adjusted ORs of high 10-year CHD risk were 1.39 (95% CI 1.03-1.89) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.08-2.00) in the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of WBC count (P for trend = .015).This study indicated that WBC count was associated with CHD risk in patients with hyperuricemia, suggesting that WBC count, an easily accessible biomarker, could probably predict CHD risk in middle-aged and elderly population with hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Jiatian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Ziying Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Hongyi He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Zidan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital
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Barkas F, Elisaf M, Liberopoulos E, Kalaitzidis R, Liamis G. Uric acid and incident chronic kidney disease in dyslipidemic individuals. Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:1193-1199. [PMID: 28836857 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1372157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated uric acid (UA) is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to investigate whether this association exists in dyslipidemic patients receiving multifactorial treatment. METHODS An observational study conducted in Greece including 1,269 dyslipidemic individuals followed-up in a lipid clinic for ≥3 years. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by CKD-EPI equation and CKD was defined as ≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The correlation was assessed between UA levels and the CKD risk after adjusting for potential confounding factors, after defining the following UA quartiles: Q1: < 4, Q2: 4-5, Q3: 5-6, and Q4: > 6 mg/dL. RESULTS After excluding patients with baseline eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, gout and those taking UA-lowering drugs, 1,095 individuals were eligible; of those, 91% and 69% were treated with statins and anti-hypertensive drugs, respectively. During their follow-up (6 years; IQR = 4-10), 11.9% of the subjects developed CKD, whereas the median annual eGFR decline was 0.69 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR = 0.45-2.33). Multivariate analysis showed that baseline UA levels (HR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.09-1.45, p = .001), female gender (HR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.14-2.65, p = .01), age (HR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.07-1.12, p < .001), diabetes (HR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.05-2.65, p = .03), cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.02-2.58, p = .04), decreased baseline renal function (eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2) (HR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.14-4.81, p = .02), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction (HR = 0.995; 95% CI = 0.991-0.998, p = .01) were associated with incident CKD. Additionally, patients with UA ≥6 mg/dL exhibited a higher risk of incident CKD compared with those in the lowest UA quartile (HR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.11-3.65, p = .02). CONCLUSION Higher UA levels are correlated with a higher risk of incident CKD in dyslipidemic individuals taking multifactorial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Barkas
- a Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Moses Elisaf
- a Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- a Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Rigas Kalaitzidis
- b Department of Nephrology , University Hospital of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - George Liamis
- a Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
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Viggiano D, Gigliotti G, Vallone G, Giammarino A, Nigro M, Capasso G. Urate-Lowering Agents in Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Role of Urine Sediment Analysis and Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:606-615. [DOI: 10.1159/000489145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Vitale RM, Antenucci L, Gavagnin M, Raimo G, Amodeo P. Structure-activity relationships of fraxamoside as an unusual xanthine oxidase inhibitor. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:345-354. [PMID: 28097900 PMCID: PMC6009875 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1252758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fraxamoside, a macrocyclic secoiridoid glucoside featuring a hydroxytyrosol group, was recently identified as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) comparable in potency in vitro to the standard antigout drug allopurinol. However, this activity and its considerably higher value than its derivatives oleuropein, oleoside 11-methyl ester, and hydroxytyrosol are not explained by structure-activity relationships (SARs) of known XOIs. To exclude allosteric mechanisms, we first determined the inhibition kinetic of fraxamoside. The resulting competitive mechanism prompted a computational SAR characterization, combining molecular docking and dynamics, which fully explained the behavior of fraxamoside and its derivatives, attributed the higher activity of the former to conformational properties of its macrocycle, and showed a substantial contribution of the glycosidic moiety to binding, in striking contrast with glycoside derivatives of most other XOIs. Overall, fraxamoside emerged as a lead compound for a new class of XOIs potentially characterized by reduced interference with purine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Council Research (CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lina Antenucci
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Council Research (CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Raimo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Council Research (CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
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Gunawardhana L, McLean L, Punzi HA, Hunt B, Palmer RN, Whelton A, Feig DI. Effect of Febuxostat on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Subjects With Hyperuricemia and Hypertension: A Phase 2 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006683. [PMID: 29102979 PMCID: PMC5721765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia is associated with hypertension, with elevated serum uric acid levels postulated to have a causal role in the development of hypertension. Consequently, serum uric acid reduction may help lower blood pressure (BP). A Phase 2, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted to assess the potential BP‐lowering effects of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat in subjects with hypertension and hyperuricemia (serum uric acid ≥0.42 mmol/L [≥7.0 mg/dL]). Methods and Results Subjects (n=121) were randomized 1:1 to febuxostat 80 mg once daily or to placebo. The primary end point was change from baseline to Week 6 in 24‐hour mean ambulatory systolic BP (SBP). Additional end points included the following: change from baseline to Week 3 in 24‐hour mean SBP and changes from baseline to Weeks 3 and 6 in 24‐hour mean ambulatory diastolic BP, serum uric acid, mean daytime and nighttime ambulatory SBP/diastolic BP, and clinic SBP/diastolic BP. For the overall study population, there were no significant differences between febuxostat and placebo for changes from baseline to Weeks 3 or 6 in ambulatory, daytime or nighttime, or clinic SBP or diastolic BP. However, in a preplanned subgroup analysis, there was a significant decrease in SBP from baseline to Week 6 in subjects with normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥90 mL/min) treated with febuxostat versus placebo; least squares mean difference, −6.7; 95% confidence interval −13.3 to −0.0; P=0.049. Conclusions This study suggests that febuxostat may lower BP in hyperuricemic patients with hypertension and normal renal function; further studies should be conducted to confirm this finding. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01496469.
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Paul BJ, Anoopkumar K, Krishnan V. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: is it time to intervene? Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2637-2644. [PMID: 28980141 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Whether to treat hyperuricemia uncomplicated by articular gout, urolithiasis, or uric acid nephropathy is an exercise in clinical judgment and universal agreement is lacking. Patients with coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and early onset hypertension with persistent hyperuricemia are likely to be benefited with urate-lowering therapy. The paradigm of the causative association of hyperuricemia with cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases seems to have progressed from skepticism to increasing evidence of a true relationship. Although such evidences are mounting, they are not enough to support pharmacotherapy for all patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Further studies are needed to determine which patients are likely to get beneficial effects from pharmacotherapy and the minimum threshold of uric acid level required to experience clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy J Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine, KMCT Medical College Manassery, Calicut, 673602, Kerala, India
| | - K Anoopkumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, KMCT Medical College Manassery, Calicut, 673602, Kerala, India.
| | - Vinod Krishnan
- Department of Internal Medicine, KMCT Medical College Manassery, Calicut, 673602, Kerala, India
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Dey N, Bhattacharya S. Nanomolar Level Detection of Uric Acid in Blood Serum and Pest-Infested Grain Samples by an Amphiphilic Probe. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10376-10383. [PMID: 28795801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A pyrene based amphiphilic receptor has been utilized in the nanomolar detection of uric acid at physiological pH in water. The compound shows a unique concentration-dependent modulation in optical response toward uric acid. In intramolecular/static excimer form (low concentration range), it displays a ratiometric response, while a "turn-off" sensing is observed specifically in the presence of intermolecular/dynamic excimer (high concentration range). The present protocol is then employed for the estimation of uric acid in blood serum samples of healthy individuals. Bland-Altman analysis in comparison to clinically approved uricase assay indicated the high accuracy of the present method. Additionally, the extent of insect infestation in stored grain samples was determined by measuring the uric acid content of their aqueous extracts. Low-cost color strips were developed for on-site detection of uric acid without involving any sophisticated instrument or trained personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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Lee CT, Chang LC, Liu CW, Wu PF. Negative correlation between serum uric acid and kidney URAT1 mRNA expression caused by resveratrol in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tse Lee
- Division of Orthopedics; Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- Department of Occupational Therapy; I-Shou University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fung Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies; National University of Kaohsiung; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Yang X, Pang X, Fan L, Li X, Chen Y. Synthesis and evaluation of sulfonamide derivatives as potent Human Uric Acid Transporter 1 (hURAT1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1919-1922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Synthesis and application of electrochemically reduced N-rGO-Co(OH)2 nanocomposite for concurrent detection of biomolecules. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Peluso I, Teichner A, Manafikhi H, Palmery M. Camellia sinensis in asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A meta-analysis of tea or tea extract effects on uric acid levels. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:391-398. [PMID: 25849609 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.889653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavanols of Camellia sinensis exhibit uric acid (UA) lowering effect, through the modulation of both xanthine oxidase and urate excretion. In order to investigate the potential benefit of Camellia Sinenis products in asymptomatic hyperuricemia, a meta-analysis of long-term Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) with tea or tea extract has been conducted. From 20 human intervention studies selected only 5 RCT (13 interventions) were suitable for meta-analysis (n = 472). The current "normal" range set for hyperuricemia fails to identify patients with potential metabolic disorders. Therefore on the basis of the literature data, we fixed cut-off limits for UA baseline levels of 4.5 mg/dl for women, 6.1 mg/dl for men, and 5.5 mg/dl for studies involving mixed populations. Statistically significant effects were not found, but subgroup analysis revealed that the Pooled Estimate effect was different in subjects with baseline levels under [MD (95% CI): 0.1078 (-0.0528 to 0.2684)] and over the cut-off [MD (95% CI): -0.0239 (0.3311 to 0.2833)]. However, due to the low number of RCT and to the lack of data on bioavailability, it is difficult to draw any firm conclusion and more studies are needed to establish if tea flavanols could be useful in asymptomatic hyperuricemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessia Teichner
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Husseen Manafikhi
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Maura Palmery
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Uric Acid Induces Endothelial Dysfunction by Activating the HMGB1/RAGE Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4391920. [PMID: 28116308 PMCID: PMC5237466 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4391920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, a process in which inflammation may play an important role. UA increases high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) expression and extracellular release in endothelial cells. HMGB1 is an inflammatory cytokine that interacts with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), inducing an oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which leads to endothelial dysfunction. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with a high concentration of UA (20 mg/dL) after which endothelial function and the expression of HMGB1, RAGE, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecules were evaluated. UA inhibited endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in HUVECs, increased intracellular HMGB1 expression and extracellular HMGB1 secretion, and upregulated RAGE expression. UA also activated NF-κB and increased the level of inflammatory cytokines. Blocking RAGE significantly suppressed the upregulation of RAGE and HMGB1 and prevented the increase in DNA binding activity of NF-κB and the levels of inflammatory cytokines. It also blocked the decrease in eNOS expression and NO production induced by UA. Our results suggest that high concentrations of UA cause endothelial dysfunction via the HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway.
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Bhakta AK, Mascarenhas RJ, D'Souza OJ, Satpati AK, Detriche S, Mekhalif Z, Dalhalle J. Iron nanoparticles decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified carbon paste electrode as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid, dopamine and l-tyrosine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 57:328-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kumar A, Hens A, Arun RK, Chatterjee M, Mahato K, Layek K, Chanda N. A paper based microfluidic device for easy detection of uric acid using positively charged gold nanoparticles. Analyst 2015; 140:1817-21. [PMID: 25655365 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A paper based microfluidic device is fabricated that can rapidly detect very low concentrations of uric acid (UA) using 3,5,3',5'-tetramethyl benzidine (TMB), H2O2 and positively charged gold nanoparticles ((+)AuNPs). In the presence of (+)AuNPs, H2O2 reacts with TMB to produce a bluish-green colour which becomes colourless on reaction with UA. This colorimetric method can detect as low as 8.1 ppm of UA within <20 minutes on white filter paper. This technique provides an alternative way for UA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Micro System Technology Laboratory, CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur-713209, India.
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Liu SC, Xia L, Zhang J, Lu XH, Hu DK, Zhang HT, Li HJ. Gout and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134088. [PMID: 26230580 PMCID: PMC4521845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A high incidence of myocardial infarction among patients with gout has been suggested by several observational studies. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between gout and the risk of myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods The PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception to October 2014 for cohort studies that evaluating the association between gout and the risk of myocardial infarction. Summary estimates were derived using a random-effects model and reported as relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Five studies involving 8,656,413 participants with a total of 1000 MI events were included. Overall, gout was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (RR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.19–1.75; p<0.001), and the association referred to non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19–1.39; p <0.001) but not fatal myocardial infarction (RR 1.11; 95% CI, 0.96–1.28; p = 0.174). The increased risk was observed in both women (RR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.18–2.21; p = 0.003) and men (RR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.21–1.74; p <0.001). Stratified analysis revealed a gradual increase in myocardial infarction risk with a younger age of gout onset (age 20–44 years old (RR 2.82; 95% CI, 1.38–5.79; p = 0.05); 45–69 years old (RR 1.85; 95% CI, 1.22–2.82; p = 0.04); ≥70 years old (RR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22–1.88; p <0.001)). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that patients with gout have an increased risk of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Chun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Renji Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Hong Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da-Kang Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital,Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (HTZ); (HJL)
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (HTZ); (HJL)
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Shen Z, Rowlings C, Kerr B, Hingorani V, Manhard K, Quart B, Yeh LT, Storgard C. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of lesinurad, a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor, in healthy adult males. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3423-34. [PMID: 26170627 PMCID: PMC4494180 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s85193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lesinurad is a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor under investigation for the treatment of gout. Single and multiple ascending dose studies were conducted to evaluate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of lesinurad in healthy males. Lesinurad was administered as an oral solution between 5 mg and 600 mg (single ascending dose; N=34) and as an oral solution or immediate-release capsules once daily (qday) between 100 mg and 400 mg for 10 days under fasted or fed condition (multiple ascending dose; N=32). Following single doses of lesinurad solution, absorption was rapid and exposure (maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve) increased in a dose-proportional manner. Following multiple qday doses, there was no apparent accumulation of lesinurad. Urinary excretion of unchanged lesinurad was generally between 30% and 40% of dose. Increases in urinary excretion of uric acid and reductions in serum uric acid correlated with dose. Following 400 mg qday dosing, serum uric acid reduction was 35% at 24 hours post-dose, supporting qday dosing. A relative bioavailability study in healthy males (N=8) indicated a nearly identical pharmacokinetic profile following dosing of tablets or capsules. Lesinurad was generally safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zancong Shen
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc. (a member of the AstraZeneca group), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Colin Rowlings
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc. (a member of the AstraZeneca group), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brad Kerr
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc. (a member of the AstraZeneca group), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Hingorani
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc. (a member of the AstraZeneca group), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Manhard
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc. (a member of the AstraZeneca group), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barry Quart
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc. (a member of the AstraZeneca group), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Li-Tain Yeh
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc. (a member of the AstraZeneca group), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chris Storgard
- Ardea Biosciences, Inc. (a member of the AstraZeneca group), San Diego, CA, USA
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Togawa N, Juge N, Miyaji T, Hiasa M, Omote H, Moriyama Y. Wide expression of type I Na+-phosphate cotransporter 3 (NPT3/SLC17A2), a membrane potential-driven organic anion transporter. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C71-80. [PMID: 25972451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00048.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane potential (Δψ)-driven and Cl(-)-dependent organic anion transport is a primary function of the solute carrier family 17 (SLC17) transporter family. Although the transport substrates and physiological relevance of the major members are well understood, SLC17A2 protein known to be Na(+)-phosphate cotransporter 3 (NPT3) is far less well characterized. In the present study, we investigated the transport properties and expression patterns of mouse SLC17A2 protein (mNPT3). Proteoliposomes containing the purified mNPT3 protein took up radiolabeled p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in a Δψ- and Cl(-)-dependent manner. The mNPT3-mediated PAH uptake was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDs) and Evans blue, common inhibitors of SLC17 family members. The PAH uptake was also inhibited by various anionic compounds, such as hydrophilic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and urate. Consistent with these observations, the proteoliposome took up radiolabeled urate in a Δψ- and Cl(-)-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies against mNPT3 combined with RT-PCR revealed that mNPT3 is present in various tissues, including the hepatic bile duct, luminal membranes of the renal urinary tubules, maternal side of syncytiotrophoblast in the placenta, apical membrane of follicle cells in the thyroid, bronchiole epithelial cells in the lungs, and astrocytes around blood vessels in the cerebrum. These results suggested that mNPT3 is a polyspecific organic anion transporter that is involved in circulation of urate throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Togawa
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Narinobu Juge
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyaji
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; and
| | - Miki Hiasa
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Omote
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; and
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Amat N, Umar A, Hoxur P, Anaydulla M, Imam G, Aziz R, Upur H, Kijjoa A, Moore N. Traditional Uighur Medicine Karapxa decoction, inhibits liver xanthine oxidase and reduces serum uric acid concentrations in hyperuricemic mice and scavenges free radicals in vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:131. [PMID: 25906842 PMCID: PMC4422554 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Karapxa decoction (KD) is a Traditional Uighur Medicine used for hepatitis, cholecystitis, gastralgia, oedema, gout and arthralgia. Because of its purported effect in gout, its effects were tested in hyperuricemic mice models induced by yeast extract paste or potassium oxonate, as well as its capacity to scavenge free radicals in vitro. Methods Hyperuricemia was induced in mice by yeast extract paste or potassium oxonate. KD was given orally for 14 days at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg/day, with Allopurinol 10 mg/kg/day as positive control. Serum uric acid (UA), and liver xanthine oxidase activity (XO) were measured. Scavenging activity of KD on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPP•), nitric oxide (•NO), superoxide (O2•-), efficiency against lipid peroxidation, and XO inhibition were determined in vitro. Results KD inhibited liver XO activity and reduced serum uric acid in hyperuricemic mice. KD also showed noticeable antioxidant activity, scavenging free radicals (DPP•, •NO and O2•-). It was effective against lipid peroxidation and inhibited XO in vitro. Conclusions This study supports the traditional use of Karapxa decoction to treat hyperuricemia and gout.
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