1
|
Maiti S, Goel S, Dutta BK. Soil-phase immobilization of hexavalent chromium using L-ascorbic acid - kinetics, process optimization, and phytotoxicity studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167680. [PMID: 37820807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
l-ascorbic acid is found to be an effective and environmentally friendly reagent for remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. Soil-phase batch kinetics experiments elucidated the effects of chromium(VI) and l-ascorbic acid dosing, pH, soil-to-water ratio, and temperature on Cr(VI) reduction. An extended reductive environment was observed at a lower pH range, possibly due to ligand oxidation of several reactive intermediates. The kinetic data were fitted into a second-order rate model, and the rate constant was evaluated. A reaction mechanism was proposed. Reduction was substantially complete within about 3 h at natural pH conditions at an appropriate dosing of the reagent, and any residual Cr(VI) is reduced by the remaining ascorbic acid during aging of the soil. The reagent worked much better than other organic reductants reported in the literature. The rate constant correlated linearly with the soil-to-water ratio, while its logarithm correlated linearly with pH within the specified range. The reduction was primarily attributed to the presence of carboxylic, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups in the ascorbic acid molecule, as confirmed by FTIR and XRD analysis. Medium-term stability experiments suggest that treatment with l-ascorbic acid significantly decreased leaching concentrations of Cr(VI) and total Cr which remained stable for 75 d. Ecological studies have shown that remediated soil promotes plant growth and increases earthworm survival rates, thus negating the emergence of any secondary pollutants. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the relationship between Cr(VI) reduction and experimental parameters and to determine the optimum values. About 98.8 % reduction was achieved, which was consistent with the calculated optimal value. The study provides new insights into the use of l-ascorbic acid for sustainable remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The optimum process conditions and the rate data obtained in this study are expected to be useful for the process design of a remediation facility for Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutanu Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Binay K Dutta
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khodaparast Z, van Gestel CAM, Silva ARR, Cornelis G, Lahive E, Etxabe AG, Svendsen C, Baccaro M, van den Brink N, Medvešček N, Novak S, Kokalj AJ, Drobne D, Jurkschat K, Loureiro S. Toxicokinetics of Ag from Ag 2S NP exposure in Tenebrio molitor and Porcellio scaber: Comparing single-species tests to indoor mesocosm experiments. NANOIMPACT 2023; 29:100454. [PMID: 36781073 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Determining the potential for accumulation of Ag from Ag2S NPs as an environmentally relevant form of AgNPs in different terrestrial organisms is an essential component of a realistic risk assessment of AgNP emissions to soils. The objectives of this study were first to determine the uptake kinetics of Ag in mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and woodlice (Porcellio scaber) exposed to Ag2S NPs in a mesocosm test, and second, to check if the obtained toxicokinetics could be predicted by single-species bioaccumulation tests. In the mesocosms, mealworms and woodlice were exposed together with plants and earthworms in soil columns spiked with 10 μg Ag g-1 dry soil as Ag2S NPs or AgNO3. The total Ag concentrations in the biota were measured after 7, 14, and 28 days of exposure. A one-compartment model was used to calculate the Ag uptake and elimination rate constants. Ag from Ag2S NPs appeared to be taken up by the mealworms with significantly different uptake rate constants in the mesocosm compared to single-species tests (K1 = 0.056 and 1.66 g dry soil g-1 dry body weight day-1, respectively), and a significant difference was found for the Ag bioaccumulation factor (BAFk = 0.79 and 0.15 g dry soil g-1 dry body weight, respectively). Woodlice did not accumulate Ag from Ag2S NPs in both tests, but uptake from AgNO3 was significantly slower in mesocosm than in single-species tests (K1 = 0.037 and 0.26 g dry soil g-1 dry body weight day-1, respectively). Our results are of high significance because they show that single-species tests may not be a good predictor for the Ag uptake in mealworms and woodlice in exposure systems having greater levels of biological complexity. Nevertheless, single-species tests could be used as a fast screening approach to assess the potential of a substance to accumulate in biota before more complex tests are conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khodaparast
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Geert Cornelis
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Elma Lahive
- Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-NERC), UK
| | | | | | - Marta Baccaro
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sara Novak
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, Oxford University Begbroke Science Park, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Yang D, Chen R, Ma F, Wang G. How a functional soil animal-earthworm affect arbuscular mycorrhizae-assisted phytoremediation in metals contaminated soil? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128991. [PMID: 35650720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising and sustainable technology to remediate the risk of heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soils, however, this way is limited to some factors contributing to slow plant growth and low remediation efficiency. As soil beneficial microbe, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) assisted phytoremediation is an environment-friendly and high-efficiency bioremediation technology. However, AMF-symbiotic formation and their functional expression responsible for HMs-polluted remediation are significantly influenced by edaphic fauna. Earthworms as common soil fauna, may have various effects on formation of AMF symbiosis, and exhibit synergy with AMF for the combined remediation of HMs-contaminated soils. For now, AMF-assisted phytoremediation incorporating earthworm coexistence is scarcely reported. Therefore, the main focus of this review is to discuss the AMF effects under earthworm coexistence. Effects of AMF-symbiotic formation influenced by earthworms are fully reviewed. Moreover, underlying mechanisms and synergy of the two in HMs remediation, soil improvement, and plant growth were comprehensively elucidated. Phenomenon of "functional synergism" between earthworms and AMF may be a significant mechanism for HMs phytoremediation. Finally, this review analyses shortcomings and prescriptions in the practical application of the technology and provides new insights into AMF- earthworms synergistic remediation of HMs-contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Dongguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Rongjian Chen
- Yichun Luming Mining Co., Ltd, Tieli 152500, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Gen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marle P, Timoner P, Liu W, Castella E, Slaveykova VI. Light-trapped caddisflies to decipher the role of species traits and habitats in Hg accumulation and transfer. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131909. [PMID: 34461331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel meta-community approach to explore the influence of species traits, such as adult body size, larval feeding type and microhabitat, as well as larval macrohabitat (main river channel vs. floodplain water bodies) on the concentration of total Hg accumulated ([THg]) in assemblages of adult caddisflies. We analyzed [THg] in 157 light-trapped adult caddisflies in a floodplain sector of the French upper Rhône River and used a linear mixed effect model to decipher the role of species traits and habitats in Hg accumulation. Variation of [THg] between species was best explained by the larval feeding type, whereas the contributions of adult size and larval micro and macro-habitat were minor. Results showed that [THg] in species associated with floodplain macrohabitats in the larval stage was lower than in those associated with the main river channel. This difference could depend on complexation of Hg by DOM (in the floodplain) and MES (in the main channel). This research provides a first evidence of the potential of an entire caddisfly assemblage for the assessment of contamination in large alluvial rivers. The implications of the results are discussed in view of the possible role of caddisflies as vectors of Hg to riparian predators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marle
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Biology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo Timoner
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, EnviroSPACE Laboratory, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wei Liu
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Castella
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Biology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- University of Geneva, Faculty of Sciences, Earth and Environment Sciences, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, And Institute for Environmental Sciences, Uni Carl Vogt, 66 Bvd Carl-Vogt CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhong Q, Li L, He M, Ouyang W, Lin C, Liu X. Toxicity and bioavailability of antimony to the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in different agricultural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118215. [PMID: 34740293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments in which earthworms were exposed to four different Sb spiked agricultural soils (acidic, neutral, alkaline and calcareous alkaline soil) were conducted in a climate-controlled room. The study surveyed the toxicity of Sb to the Eisenia fetida at the individual (mortality, growth inhibition, Sb accumulation), physiological (enzymatic activities), subcellular and tissue levels (histological damage), and for the induction of an avoidance response of Sb. The results showed that earthworms clearly avoided Sb spiked soil, and the avoidance response tended to be correlated to the exposure dose. The EC50 values of the net avoidance response in the four soils were as followed: S1 (acidic soil, 135 ± 37 mg kg-1) < S3 (alkaline soil, 430 ± 114 mg kg-1) < S4 (calcareous alkaline soil, 455 ± 29 mg kg-1) < S2 (neutral soil, 946 ± 151 mg kg-1). Different toxic effects of Sb to earthworms cultivated in the four types of soils were observed. Antimony was more toxic in a sandy alkaline soil than that in the other three soils tested. The LC50 of the 28 d mortality ranged as follows: S3 (22.2 ± 0.1 mg kg-1) < S2 (372 ± 177 mg kg-1) < S4 (491 ± 140 mg kg-1) < S1 (497 ± 29 mg kg-1). Changes in oxidative stress and the subcellular distribution of Sb in earthworms induced by Sb exposure differed between soil types. Additionally, histological damage in earthworm's epidermis and intestine were observed under Sb stress. Mortality, growth inhibition and Sb accumulation in the earthworms tended to increase with Sb exposure regardless of soil type and were all significantly correlated with the exposure dose. The growth inhibition and Sb concentration in tissues of earthworms were sensitive indicators of Sb bioavailability. The relatively comprehensive toxicological data provided herein can contribute to the toxicity threshold and assessment of bioavailability of Sb contaminated agricultural soil, and then to the ecological risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pastorino P, Bertoli M, Brizio P, Abete MC, Dalla Nora V, Prearo M, Pizzul E. First Insights Into Trace Element Accumulation by Philoscia affinis (Crustacea, Isopoda): a Novel Tracer to Assess Soil Contamination in Lowland Plains? Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4782-4791. [PMID: 33423135 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Isopods are terrestrial invertebrates that accumulate trace elements in large quantities, thus providing information on levels of soil contamination. However, the accumulation pattern seems to be species dependent. For this study, specimens of Philoscia affinis (Isopoda, Oniscidea) and soil samples were collected from both a protected area (site 1) and urban roadside (site 2) in the low plain of Friuli-Venezia Giulia (northeast Italy) to determine whether P. affinis could serve as a potential candidate for monitoring soil contamination. To do this, the following objectives were achieved: a) the level of trace elements (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn) were detected in soils and isopods; 2) the difference in trace elements accumulation was compared in the two sampling sites; 3) the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated for each element. With some exceptions, trace element concentrations were higher in both isopods and soil samples from the urban roadside compared to the protected area. Furthermore, except for Cd, Cu, and Zn, trace element levels were higher in the soil than in the isopod samples. The higher mean BAF values were recorded for Cd (6.169 and 6.974 for site 1 and 2, respectively), Cu (10.324 and 11.452 for site 1 and 2, respectively), and Zn (1.836 and 2: 1.943 for site 1 and 2, respectively), whereas BAF values <1 were recorded for the other elements. Philoscia affinis was found to be a potential candidate to monitor soil contamination as a macro-concentrator of Cu and Cd and a micro-concentrator of Zn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy.
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Brizio
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Vittoria Dalla Nora
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hussain M, Liaqat I, Bukhari SM, Khan FS, Adalat R, Shafique MS, Azam SM, Ali A, Khalid M, Shahid Z, Iqbal MJ, Slahuddin, Ehsan A. The impact of cow dung augmentation on soil restoration and bio-accumulation of metals (Lead and Cadmium) in Pheretima posthuma (Annelida: Clitellata). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e247562. [PMID: 34495155 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.247562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of cow dung in soil reclamation and bio assimilation along with bio accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm (P. posthuma) (N=900) earthworms were used and treatment groups of CD-soil mixture of different proportion of cow dung were designed. Nonlethal doses of lead acetate and cadmium chloride were added in treatment groups. Mature P. posthuma were released in each experimental pot maintaining the favorable conditions. The pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal level of each mixture was evaluated. The results indicated that bio-assimilation of Pb and Cd by P. posthuma were significantly (P ˂ 0.01) higher in different soil-CD treatments compared to control. Highest bio-assimilation of both metals was observed in T1 of both groups (Pb = 563.8 mg/kg and Cd = 42.95 mg/kg). The contents of both metals were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) lowered in casting. The nutrient concentration in the final castings of all soil-CD treatments were also equally transformed from less or insoluble to more soluble and available for plants, except for carbon level which increased with CD proportion. It is concluded that cow dung as organic matter has a positive effect on soil reclamation and bio-assimilation of metals by P. posthuma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hussain
- GC University Lahore, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Liaqat
- GC University Lahore, Department of Zoology, Microbiology Lab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Bukhari
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F S Khan
- University of Sialkot, Department of Biotechnology, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - R Adalat
- University of Sialkot, Department of Biotechnology, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - M Salman Shafique
- GC University, Department of Chemistry, Atomic Absorption Lab. and Functional Material Lab., Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Azam
- University of Education, Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Khalid
- Government Emerson College Multan, Department of Zoology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Z Shahid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Javed Iqbal
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Department of Zoology, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Slahuddin
- Universityof Gujrat, Department of Zoology, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - A Ehsan
- The University of Lahore, Department of Zoology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tibbett M, Green I, Rate A, De Oliveira VH, Whitaker J. The transfer of trace metals in the soil-plant-arthropod system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146260. [PMID: 33744587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Essential and non-essential trace metals are capable of causing toxicity to organisms above a threshold concentration. Extensive research has assessed the behaviour of trace metals in biological and ecological systems, but has typically focused on single organisms within a trophic level and not on multi-trophic transfer through terrestrial food chains. This reinforces the notion of metal toxicity as a closed system, failing to consider one trophic level as a pollution source to another; therefore, obscuring the full extent of ecosystem effects. Given the relatively few studies on trophic transfer of metals, this review has taken a compartment-based approach, where transfer of metals through trophic pathways is considered as a series of linked compartments (soil-plant-arthropod herbivore-arthropod predator). In particular, we consider the mechanisms by which trace metals are taken up by organisms, the forms and transformations that can occur within the organism and the consequences for trace metal availability to the next trophic level. The review focuses on four of the most prevalent metal cations in soil which are labile in terrestrial food chains: Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni. Current knowledge of the processes and mechanisms by which these metals are transformed and moved within and between trophic levels in the soil-plant-arthropod system are evaluated. We demonstrate that the key factors controlling the transfer of trace metals through the soil-plant-arthropod system are the form and location in which the metal occurs in the lower trophic level and the physiological mechanisms of each organism in regulating uptake, transformation, detoxification and transfer. The magnitude of transfer varies considerably depending on the trace metal concerned, as does its toxicity, and we conclude that biomagnification is not a general property of plant-arthropod and arthropod-arthropod systems. To deliver a more holistic assessment of ecosystem toxicity, integrated studies across ecosystem compartments are needed to identify critical pathways that can result in secondary toxicity across terrestrial food-chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tibbett
- Department of Sustainable Land Management & Soil Research Centre, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Iain Green
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Andrew Rate
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vinícius H De Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jeanette Whitaker
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vermicomposting Process to Endosulfan Lactone Removal in Solid Substrate Using Eisenia fetida. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide by-products found in soil are usually more toxic and persistent than the pesticides themselves. For example, Endosulfan lactone (EL) (a by-product of the organochloride pesticide endosulfan). EL is created by the enzymatic activity (and related oxidative processes) of microorganisms in the soil. A sustainable method of EL removal is the introduction of Eisenia fetida earthworm. In this paper, it will be demonstrated the impact of vermicomposting process related to Eisenia fetida earthworm on EL by measuring initial and final concentrations of the compound and overall enzymatic activity in sterile and non-sterile solid substrate over 56 days. As a baseline, it be observed there were higher EL removals in non-sterile solid substrate (90.86%) at day 5 than in sterile solid substrate (83.86%) at day 14. In samples with Eisenia fetida, the presence of EL in non-sterile solid substrate was 36%, however in sterile solid substrate it was only 18% at day 1 and 7, with a maximum enzyme activity of 0.4659 mmol/mg protein per min at day 7. The evidence found in this study suggests that EL removal in a non-sterile solid substrate is higher when a vermicomposting is present and that the influence of microorganisms from the solid substrate with the earthworm, increases removal.
Collapse
|
10
|
Vinković A, Sudac D, Valković V, Vdović N, Radić TM, Marciuš M, Feigl V, Obhođaš J. Effects of microscale particles in red mud amended artificial soils on bioaccumulation of elements in E. fetida. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123613. [PMID: 32814242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Red mud (RM) contains large quantities of microscale particles < 1 μm and high concentrations of potentially toxic elements. In this research, we have used two types of RM of similar chemical properties but containing different quantities of micro-particles, to test whether their size plays a role in the uptake of chemical elements by earthworm Eisenia fetida. Earthworms were exposed for seven days to artificial soils (prepared in the laboratory following a protocol) amended with increasing quantities of RM. Mortality of 86 % occurred when earthworms were exposed to amended soil containing 46 % of particles below 1 μm. Surprisingly, tissue analyses have shown decreased concentrations of metals instead of the expected toxic effect. SEM analysis revealed that micro-particles strongly adhere to the earthworm epidermis putting them under the large stress. Micro-particles in RM clog their minute dermal pores of 90 nm-735 nm in diameter, which size depends on whether the earthworm's body is contracted or stretched. Strong adhesion of micro-particles to earthworms' epidermis and blockage of their microsize pores prevented normal dermal respiration and absorption of chemical elements through their epithelium resulting in a decrease of most measured metals, especially essential elements potassium, calcium and iron, followed by the lethal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrija Vinković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Experimental Physics, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davorin Sudac
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Experimental Physics, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladivoj Valković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Experimental Physics, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neda Vdović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Mišić Radić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Marciuš
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Materials Chemistry, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Viktória Feigl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Műegyetem Rkp. 3., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jasmina Obhođaš
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Experimental Physics, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Orłowski G, Mróz L, Kadej M, Smolis A, Tarnawski D, Karg J, Campanaro A, Bardiani M, Harvey DJ, Méndez M, Thomaes A, Vrezec A, Ziomek K, Rudecki AL, Mader D. Breaking down insect stoichiometry into chitin-based and internal elemental traits: Patterns and correlates of continent-wide intraspecific variation in the largest European saproxylic beetle. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114064. [PMID: 32443193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric, trophic and ecotoxicological data have traditionally been acquired from patterns of variation in elemental traits of whole invertebrate bodies, whereas the critical issue of the extracellular origin of some portion of elements, such as those present in ingested food and internal organs, has been ignored. Here we investigated an unexplored, yet crucial, question relating to whether, and to what degree, metals from two major body fractions: exoskeleton (elytra) and internal (body organs with gut material present in abdomens), are correlated with each other in wild populations of the largest European saproxylic insect, the Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus, and how metals from these two fractions vary with insect size and local habitat conditions. We examined the continent-wide variation in the concentrations of 12 chemical elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Pb and Ni) measured in the elytra and abdomen of specimens from 28 populations inhabiting an urban-woodland habitat gradient across the species' entire distributional range from Spain to Russia. Across populations, elemental concentrations (except Ni and Pb) were 2-13 times higher in abdominal samples than in elytra, and the magnitude of these differences was related to both insect size and local habitat conditions. Smaller individuals from both woodland and urban habitat tended to have higher concentrations of trace elements (Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Ni). The concentration of only six elements (Mg, K, Na, Mn, Cd and Ni) was correlated in the elytra and abdomen at the individual and population levels, implying a limitation to the broader applicability of elytra as a surrogate for internal elemental pools. We highlight that in non-feeding adult saproxylic beetles, minerals, acquired during the larval stage, may be concentrated in the large quantities of residual body fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Orłowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, PL-60-809, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Mróz
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, PL-50-328, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kadej
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, PL-51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adrian Smolis
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, PL-51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Tarnawski
- Department of Invertebrate Biology, Evolution and Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 65, PL-51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Karg
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Nature Conservation, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, PL-65-516, Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Alessandro Campanaro
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria - Centro di ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Marco Bardiani
- Reparto Carabinieri Biodiversità di Verona, Centro Nazionale Carabinieri Biodiversità "Bosco Fontana", Mantova, Italy.
| | - Deborah J Harvey
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK.
| | - Marcos Méndez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservacion, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arno Thomaes
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Al Vrezec
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Krzysztof Ziomek
- Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bukowska 19, PL-60-809, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Rudecki
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, PL-50-328, Wrocław, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fajana HO, Gainer A, Jegede OO, Awuah KF, Princz JI, Owojori OJ, Siciliano SD. Oppia nitens C.L. Koch, 1836 (Acari: Oribatida): Current Status of Its Bionomics and Relevance as a Model Invertebrate in Soil Ecotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2593-2613. [PMID: 31433516 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The oribatid soil mite Oppia nitens C.L. Koch, 1836, is a model microarthropod in soil ecotoxicity testing. This species has a significant role in supporting soil functions and as a suitable indicator of soil contamination. Despite its significance to the environment and to ecotoxicology, however, very little is known of its biology, ecology, and suborganismal responses to contaminants in the soil. In the present review, we present detailed and critical insights into the biology and ecology of O. nitens in relation to traits that are crucial to its adaptive responses to contaminants in soil. We used a species sensitivity distribution model to rank the species sensitivity to heavy metals (cadmium and zinc) and neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and thiacloprid) compared with other standardized soil invertebrates. Although the International Organization for Standardization and Environment and Climate Change Canada are currently standardizing a protocol for the use of O. nitens in soil toxicity testing, we believe that O. nitens is limited as a model soil invertebrate until the molecular pathways associated with its response to contaminants are better understood. These pathways can only be elucidated with information from the mites' genome or transcriptome, which is currently lacking. Despite this limitation, we propose a possible molecular pathway to metal tolerance and a putative adverse outcome pathway to heavy metal toxicity in O. nitens. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2593-2613. © 2019 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amy Gainer
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Olukayode O Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kobby F Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Juliska I Princz
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khemaissia H, Jelassi R, Ghemari C, Raimond M, Souty‐Grosset C, Nasri‐Ammar K. Evaluation of trace element contamination usingArmadillo officinalisDuméril, 1816 (Crustacea, Isopoda) as a tool: An ultrastructural study. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:2014-2025. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Khemaissia
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisLR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Raja Jelassi
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisLR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Chedliya Ghemari
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisLR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Maryline Raimond
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution SymbiosisUniversity of Poitiers Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Catherine Souty‐Grosset
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution SymbiosisUniversity of Poitiers Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Karima Nasri‐Ammar
- Faculty of Sciences of TunisLR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khemaissia H, Jelassi R, Ghemari C, Raimond M, Souty‐Grosset C, Nasri‐Ammar K. Effects of trace metal elements on ultrastructural features of hepatopancreas of
Armadillidium granulatum
Brandt, 1833 (Crustacea, Isopoda). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1819-1831. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Khemaissia
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological SystemsUniversity of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Raja Jelassi
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological SystemsUniversity of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Chedliya Ghemari
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological SystemsUniversity of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Maryline Raimond
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution SymbiosisUniversity of Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - Catherine Souty‐Grosset
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions (UMR CNRS 7267 EBI), Team Ecology Evolution SymbiosisUniversity of Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - Karima Nasri‐Ammar
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, LR18ES06 Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological SystemsUniversity of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van Gestel CAM, Loureiro S, Idar P. Terrestrial isopods as model organisms in soil ecotoxicology: a review. Zookeys 2018:127-162. [PMID: 30564034 PMCID: PMC6288250 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.801.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopods play an important role in the decomposition of leaf litter and therefore are making a significant contribution to nutrient cycling and soil ecosystem services. As a consequence, isopods are relevant models in soil ecotoxicology, both in laboratory toxicity tests and in field monitoring and bioindication studies. This paper aims at reviewing the use of isopods as test organisms in soil ecotoxicology. It provides an overview of the use of isopods in laboratory toxicity tests, with special focus on comparing different exposure methods, test durations, and ecotoxicological endpoints. A brief overview of toxicity data suggests that chemicals are more toxic to isopods when exposed through soil compared to food. The potential of isopods to be used in bioindication and biomonitoring is discussed. Based on the overview of toxicity data and test methods, recommendations are given for the use of isopods in standardized laboratory toxicity tests as well as in situ monitoring studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Vrije University Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Susana Loureiro
- University of Aveiro, Department of Biology and the Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Primož Idar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang K, Qiao Y, Zhang H, Yue S, Li H, Ji X, Liu L. Influence of metal-contamination on distribution in subcellular fractions of the earthworm (Metaphire californica) from Hunan Province, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 73:127-137. [PMID: 30290861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have the ability to accumulate of heavy metals, however, there was few studies that addressed the metals in earthworm at subcellular levels in fields. The distributions of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in subcellular fractions (cytosol, debris, and granules) of earthworm Metaphire californica were investigated. The relationship between soil metals and earthworms were analyzed to explain its high plasticity to inhabit in situ contaminated soil of Hunan Province, south China. The concentration of Cd in subcellular compartments showed the same pattern as Cu in the order of cytosol > debris > granules. The distribution of Zn and Pb in earthworms indicated a similar propensity for different subcellular fractions that ranked as granules > debris > cytosol for Zn, and granules > cytosol > debris for Pb. The internal metal concentrations in earthworms increased with the soil metals (p<0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between soil Cd and Cd concentrations in cytosol and debris (p<0.01). Moreover, the soil Pb concentration significantly influenced the Pb concentrations in cytosol and debris (p<0.01), similar to that of Cd. The soil Cu concentrations was only associated with the Cu in granules (p<0.05). Soil Zn concentrations correlated with the Zn concentrations in each subcellular fraction (p<0.05). Our results provide insights into the variations of metals partitioning in earthworms at subcellular levels and the relationships of soil metals, which could be one of the detoxification strategies to adapt the long-term contaminated environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Longsheng Liu
- Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421151, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang K, Qiao Y, Li H, Zhang H, Yue S, Ji X, Liu L. Structural equation model of the relationship between metals in contaminated soil and in earthworm (Metaphire californica) in Hunan Province, subtropical China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:443-451. [PMID: 29605664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have the ability to take up heavy metals in soil and partition them in different subcellular compartments. In this study, we used a structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the two-step causal relationship between environmental availability (EA) and environmental bioavailability (EB) of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb), as reflected by their levels in soil fractions and in earthworms from field-contaminated areas in Southern China. In the SEM, the correlation between EA and EB reflected the bioavailability of Cd, Zn, and Pb. For Cd, the causal relationship between the latent variables EA and EB was reflected by DTPA fractions in soil as well as by earthworm internal and subcellular cytosol fractions. The extractable and oxidizable fractions of Zn in soil influenced Zn concentrations in the cytosol and debris. The DTPA and reducible Pb fractions were bioavailable to earthworm internal Pb concentrations and those in cytosol fractions. These results implied that the DTPA, extractable, oxidizable, or reducible fractions of different metals could be the bioavailable sources to earthworm internal metals and partitioned in their subcellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Longsheng Liu
- Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421151, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kampe S, Kaegi R, Schlich K, Wasmuth C, Hollert H, Schlechtriem C. Silver nanoparticles in sewage sludge: Bioavailability of sulfidized silver to the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1606-1613. [PMID: 29363840 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are efficiently converted during the wastewater-treatment process into sparingly soluble Ag sulfides (Ag2 S). In several countries, sewage sludge is used as a fertilizer in agriculture. The bioavailability of sulfidized Ag to the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber was investigated. Sewage sludge containing transformed AgNPs was obtained from a laboratory-scale sewage-treatment plant operated according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 303a. The results of transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray of sludge samples suggest that AgNPs were completely transformed to Ag2 S. Adult isopods were exposed to OECD 207 soil substrate amended with the AgNP spiked sludge for 14 d (uptake phase) followed by an elimination phase in unspiked soil of equal duration. Most of the Ag measured in P. scaber at the end of the uptake phase was found in the hindgut (71%), indicating that only a minor part of the estimated Ag content was actually assimilated by the isopods with 16.3 and 12.7% found in the carcass and hepatopancreas, respectively. As a result of this, the Ag content of the animals dropped following transition to unspiked sludge within 2 d to one-third of the previously measured Ag concentration and remained stable at this level until the end of the elimination period. The present study shows that Ag2 S in sewage sludge is bioavailable to the terrestrial isopod P. scaber. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1606-1613. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kampe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Schlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Claus Wasmuth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlechtriem
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khemaissia H, Jelassi R, Souty-Grosset C, Nasri-Ammar K. Amphipoda and Isopoda diversity around Tunisian wetlands (North Africa) in relation to environmental conditions. Afr J Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Khemaissia
- Faculty of Science of Tunis; Research Unit of Bio-Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics; University of Tunis; El Manar Tunisia
| | - Raja Jelassi
- Faculty of Science of Tunis; Research Unit of Bio-Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics; University of Tunis; El Manar Tunisia
| | - Catherine Souty-Grosset
- Laboratory Ecology and Biology of Interactions; UMR CNRS 7267; Ecology Evolution Symbiosis Team; University of Poitiers; Poitiers France
| | - Karima Nasri-Ammar
- Faculty of Science of Tunis; Research Unit of Bio-Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics; University of Tunis; El Manar Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang L, Duan X, He N, Chen X, Shi J, Li W, Xu L, Li H. Exposure to lethal levels of benzo[a]pyrene or cadmium trigger distinct protein expression patterns in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:733-742. [PMID: 28407590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Different pollutants induce distinct toxic responses in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Here, we used proteomics techniques to compare the responses of E. fetida to exposure to the 10% lethal concentration (14d-LC10) of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or cadmium (Cd) in natural red soil (China). BaP exposure markedly induced the expression of oxidation-reduction proteins, whereas Cd exposure mainly induced the expression of proteins involved in transcription- and translation-related processes. Furthermore, calmodulin-binding proteins were differentially expressed upon exposure to different pollutants. The calcium (Ca2+)-binding cytoskeletal element myosin was down-regulated upon BaP treatment, whereas the Ca2+-binding cytoskeletal element tropomyosin-1 was up-regulated upon Cd treatment. Some proteins exhibited opposite responses to the two pollutants. For instance, catalase (CAT) and heat shock protein 70 were up-regulated upon BaP treatment and down-regulated upon Cd treatment. A significant (p<0.05, one-way ANOVA with least-significant difference (LSD) test) increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and CAT activity further showed that BaP mainly induces oxidative stress. Real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression often did not correlate well with protein expression in earthworms subjected to Cd or BaP treatment. In addition, the expression of the gene encoding the protein metallothionein, which was not detected in the protein analysis, was induced upon Cd treatment, but slightly reduced upon BaP treatment. Therefore, BaP and Cd have distinct effects on the protein profile of E. Fetida with BaP markedly inducing ROS activity, and Cd mainly triggering genotoxicity. CAPSULE SUMMARY Distinct patterns of protein expression are induced in earthworms upon exposure to different pollutants; BaP markedly induces high levels of ROS, while Cd resultes in genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; College of Resources, Environment, and Planning, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Li
- Nanjing Scientific Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Romih T, Jemec A, Kos M, Hočevar SB, Kralj S, Makovec D, Drobne D. The role of PVP in the bioavailability of Ag from the PVP-stabilized Ag nanoparticle suspension. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:957-964. [PMID: 27567171 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the bioavailability of Ag from Ag nanoparticles (NPs), stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), to terrestrial isopods which were exposed to 10, 100 and 1000 μg Ag NPs/g of dry food. Different Ag species were determined in the NP suspension that was fed to isopods: (i) total Ag by atomic absorption spectroscopy, (ii) the sum of Ag-PVP complexes and free Ag+ by anodic stripping voltammetry at the bismuth-film electrode, and (iii) free Ag+ by ion-selective potentiometry. The amounts of Ag species in the consumed food were compared to the masses of Ag accumulated in the isopod digestive glands. Our results show that all three Ag species (Ag NPs, Ag-PVP complexes and free Ag+) could be the source of bioaccumulated Ag, but to various degrees depending on the exposure concentration and transformations in the digestive system. We provide a proof that (i) Ag NPs dissolve and Ag-PVP complexes dissociate in the isopod digestive tract; (ii) the concentration of free Ag+ in the suspension offered to the test organisms is not the only measure of bioavailable Ag. The type of NP stabilizer along with the NP transformations in the digestive system needs to be considered in the creation of new computational models of the nanomaterial fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Romih
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Monika Kos
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo B Hočevar
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Department for the Synthesis of Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Department for the Synthesis of Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pauget B, Gimbert F, Coeurdassier M, Druart C, Crini N, de Vaufleury A. How contamination sources and soil properties can influence the Cd and Pb bioavailability to snails. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2987-96. [PMID: 26555881 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the fate of metals in the environment, numerous parameters must be studied, such as the soil properties and the different sources of contamination for the organisms. Among bioindicators of soil quality, the garden snail (Cantareus aspersus) integrates multiple sources (e.g. soil, plant) and routes (e.g. digestive, cutaneous) of contamination. However, the contribution of each source on metal bioavailability and how soil properties influence these contributions have never been studied when considering the dynamic process of bioavailability. Using accumulation kinetics, this study showed that the main assimilation source of Cd was lettuce (68%), whereas the main source of Pb was the soil (90%). The plant contribution increased in response to a 2-unit soil pH decrease. Unexpectedly, an increase in the soil contribution to metal assimilation accompanied an increase in the organic matter (OM) content of the soil. For both metals, no significant excretion and influence of source on excretion have been modelled either during exposure or depuration. This study highlights how the contribution of different sources to metal bioavailability changes based on changes in soil parameters, such as pH and OM, and the complexity of the processes that modulate metal bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pauget
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comte, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030, Besancon Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Gimbert
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comte, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030, Besancon Cedex, France
| | - Mickael Coeurdassier
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comte, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030, Besancon Cedex, France
| | - Coline Druart
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comte, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030, Besancon Cedex, France
| | - Nadia Crini
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comte, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030, Besancon Cedex, France
| | - Annette de Vaufleury
- Department of Chrono-Environment, University of Franche-Comte, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030, Besancon Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ferreira NGC, Cardoso DN, Morgado R, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Long-term exposure of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel: Costs in the energy budget and detoxification enzymes. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:354-362. [PMID: 25985212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial isopods from the species Porcellionides pruinosus were exposed to the maximum allowed nickel concentration in the Canadian framework guideline (50 mg Ni/kg soil) and to 5× this concentration (250 mg Ni/kg soil). The exposure lasted for 28 days and was followed by a recovery period of 14 days where organisms were changed to clean soil. Organisms were sampled after 24 h, 48 h, 96 h, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days of exposure, and at days 35 and 42 during the recovery period. For each sampling time the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), catalase (CAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined as well as lipid peroxidation rate (LPO) along with lipids, carbohydrates, proteins content, energy available (Ea), energy consumption (Ec) and cellular energy allocation (CEA). The integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated for each sampling time as well as for each one of the above parameters. In addition, mortality was also recorded throughout the assay. The results obtained showed that nickel induced oxidative stress, evidenced by results on GST, GPx, CAT or LPO, but also on changes in the energy reserves content of these organisms. In addition, this study showed that these organisms possess a specific strategy to handle nickel toxicity. In this case, biomarkers were associated with costs in the energy budget, and the increase of energy reserves has a compensation for that cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G C Ferreira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rui Morgado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sivakumar S. Effects of metals on earthworm life cycles: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:530. [PMID: 26215824 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms are abundant and ecologically very important organisms in the soil ecosystem. Impacts by pollutants on earthworm communities greatly influence the fertility of the terrestrial environment. In ecotoxicology, earthworms are good indicators of metal pollution. The observed median lethal concentrations (LC50) and the effective concentrations that cause 50% reduction of earthworm growth and reproduction (EC50) are referred to as toxicity concentrations or endpoints. In addition, the 'no observed effective concentration' (NOEC) is the estimation of the toxicity of metals on earthworms expressed as the highest concentration tested that does not show effects on growth and reproduction compared to controls. This article reviews the ecotoxicological parameters of LC50, EC50 and NOEC of a set of worms exposed to a number of metals in various tested media. In addition, this article reviews metal accumulation and the influences of soil characteristics on metal accumulation in earthworms. Morphological and behavioural responses are often used in earthworm toxicity studies. Therefore, earthworm responses due to metal toxicity are also discussed in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sivakumar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, South Korea,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang W, Chen L, Liu K, Chen L, Lin K, Chen Y, Yan Z. Bioaccumulation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in earthworms in the presence of lead (Pb). CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 106:57-64. [PMID: 24556543 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BDE209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) and lead (Pb) are the main contaminants at e-waste recycling sites, and their potential toxicological effects on terrestrial organisms have received extensive attention. However, the impact on earthworms of exposure to the two chemicals remains almost unknown. Therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the uptake and transformation of BDE209 in the presence of Pb for the first time. The results have demonstrated that Pb addition can affect BDE209 bioaccumulation efficiency compared with exposure to BDE209 alone. For a low BDE209 concentration (1mgkg(-1)), Pb addition barely affected the uptake of BDE209, whereas for a high BDE209 concentration (100mgkg(-1)), Pb addition elicited a complex response. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicated that a higher level of Pb (250 and 500mgkg(-1)) facilitated the uptake of BDE209 through the skin. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that the peak of BDE209 accumulation usually appeared in the joint exposure groups involving 10 or 100mgkg(-1) BDE209 and 250mgkg(-1) Pb, and the average bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was 0.53, which is more than 1.2 times that of single exposure to BDE209 (average=0.44). Also, the earthworms eliminated more BDE209 after 21d, and the biodegradation products were mainly BDE206 and BDE208. Furthermore, Pb addition can affect the transformation efficiency of BDE209 in earthworms, and several lower bromodiphenyl ethers can be detected. The results of these observations have provided a basic understanding of the potential ecotoxicological effects of joint PBDE and heavy metal exposure on terrestrial invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kou Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, USA.
| | - Zenguang Yan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hirano T, Tamae K. Earthworms and soil pollutants. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 11:11157-67. [PMID: 22247659 PMCID: PMC3251976 DOI: 10.3390/s111211157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the toxicity of metal contaminated soils has been assessed with various bioassays, more information is needed about the biochemical responses, which may help to elucidate the mechanisms involved in metal toxicity. We previously reported that the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, accumulates cadmium in its seminal vesicles. The bio-accumulative ability of earthworms is well known, and thus the earthworm could be a useful living organism for the bio-monitoring of soil pollution. In this short review, we describe recent studies concerning the relationship between earthworms and soil pollutants, and discuss the possibility of using the earthworm as a bio-monitoring organism for soil pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirano
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tamae
- Division of Teacher Training, Faculty of Education and Culture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lourenço J, Silva A, Carvalho F, Oliveira J, Malta M, Mendo S, Gonçalves F, Pereira R. Histopathological changes in the earthworm Eisenia andrei associated with the exposure to metals and radionuclides. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:1630-1634. [PMID: 21911243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms were exposed for 56 d to a contaminated soil, from an abandoned uranium mine, and to the natural reference soil LUFA 2.2. Histological changes in earthworm's body wall (epidermis, circular and longitudinal muscles) and gastrointestinal tract (chloragogenous tissue and intestinal epithelium) were assessed, after 0, 14 and 56 d of exposure. Results have shown alterations in all the studied tissues after 14 d of exposure (except for the intestinal epithelium), yet more severe effects were registered after 56 d of exposure. Herein we report histopathological alterations as a good biomarker for the evaluation of soil quality. We also demonstrate that morphological changes in the body wall and gastrointestinal tract, are important endpoints that could be added to earthworm's standardized tests, for the evaluation of soil toxicity, as part of the risk assessment of contaminated areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Amaral HB, Mateus SH, Ferreira LC, Ribeiro CC, Palumbo-Junior A, Domingos MAO, Cinelli LP, Costa-Filho A, Nasciutti LE, Silva LCF. Localization and characterization of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the body of the earthworm Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Annelida). Acta Histochem 2011; 113:442-52. [PMID: 20546857 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the compartmental distribution of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) in adults and their occurrence during the development of the earthworm Eisenia andrei. S-GAGs were extracted from the body of earthworms to identify their composition and the time of their appearance and disappearance in embryonic, newborn, juvenile, and adult earthworms. S-GAGs were also analyzed in earthworm tissue using histochemical metachromatic staining. Purified S-GAGs obtained from the whole body of adult earthworms were composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS). In addition, an unknown, highly sulfated polysaccharide (HSP) was detected. In order to characterize specifically the S-GAG composition in the integument, earthworms were dissected and as much as possible of their viscera was removed. HS and CS were the predominant sulfated polysaccharides in the dissected integument, whereas in viscera, CS, HS and the HSP were found in proportions similar to those identified in the body. The qualitative S-GAG composition in juveniles was similar to that obtained from adult earthworms. CS was the predominant S-GAG in newborn earthworms, accompanied by lesser amounts of HS and by tiny amounts of the HSP. This study provides a detailed descriptive account of the pattern of S-GAG synthesis during development, and also the characterization of the tissue distribution of these compounds in the body of earthworms.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cunha L, Campos I, Montiel R, Rodrigues A, Morgan AJ. Morphometry of the epidermis of an invasive megascoelecid earthworm (Amynthas gracilis, Kinberg 1867) inhabiting actively volcanic soils in the Azores archipelago. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:25-32. [PMID: 20797787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the structure, dimensions, and composition of the epidermis of an invasive earthworm species that has successfully colonized hostile conditions in actively volcanic soil on São Miguel (Azores) have been measured. Metal concentrations in actively volcanic (Furnas) and volcanically inactive (Fajã) soils were similar; however, Furnas soil was characterised by elevated temperature (10°C differential), relative hypoxia, extremely high CO(2) tension, and accompanying acidity. The epidermis of earthworm's resident at Fajã was approximately twice the thickness of the epidermis of conspecifics resident in Furnas soil. Reference worms transferred to Furnas soil for 14 days experienced an epidermal thinning of approximately 51%. In comparison, when Furnas earthworms were transferred to mesocosms at the relatively benign Fajã site, their epidermal thickness increased by approximately 21% over 14 days. Earthworms resident in Furnas soil had higher goblet cell counts than the residents of volcanically inactive soil on a neighbouring island (S. Maria). Transferring worms from S. Maria to mesocosms at Furnas induced a significant increase in goblet cell counts. Clearly, the active volcanic environment at Furnas poses a multifactorial stress challenge to the epigeic A. gracilis colonizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cunha
- Public Health and Ecotoxicology Research Group (PHERG), Departmento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alonso E, González-Núñez M, Carbonell G, Fernández C, Tarazona JV. Bioaccumulation assessment via an adapted multi-species soil system (MS.3) and its application using cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1038-1044. [PMID: 19237196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental design for quantifying the transfer of chemicals at low trophic levels of terrestrial ecosystems. The soil microcosms, MS.3(foodchain) (food chain multi-specie soil system) covered the transfer from soil to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and from soil to plant (Triticum aestivum), then to phytophagus (Rhopalosiphum padi) and finally predator (Chrysoperla carnea) species. Cadmium was used as model pollutant. Cadmium accumulation in foliar invertebrates was related to the species biology. A significant transfer of this metal through the minimized food chain was found for all species, but not a biomagnification in the predator species. Results pointed out the relevance of foliar invertebrates and their trophic relationships as additional exposure routes for assessing secondary poisoning in predators. Hence, MS.3(foodchain), could be applied for terrestrial environmental risk assessment when potential bioaccumulation could be expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alonso
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, INIA, Crta. de la Coruña, km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rozema J, Notten MJM, Aerts R, van Gestel CAM, Hobbelen PHF, Hamers THM. Do high levels of diffuse and chronic metal pollution in sediments of Rhine and Meuse floodplains affect structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 406:443-448. [PMID: 18707753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper (re)considers the question if chronic and diffuse heavy metal pollution (cadmium, copper, lead and zinc) affects the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems of Biesbosch National Park, the floodplain area of rivers Meuse and Rhine. To reach this aim, we integrated the results of three projects on: 1. the origin, transfer and effects of heavy metals in a soil-plant-snail food chain; 2. the impact of bioavailability on effects of heavy metals on the structure and functioning of detritivorous communities; 3. the risk assessment of heavy metals for an herbivorous and a carnivorous small mammal food chain. Metal pollution levels of the Biesbosch floodplain soils are high. The bioavailability of metals in the soils is low, causing low metal levels in plant leaves. Despite this, metal concentrations in soil dwelling detritivores and in land snails at polluted locations are elevated in comparison to animals from 'non-polluted' reference sites. However, no adverse effects on ecosystem structure (species richness, density, biomass) and functioning (litter decomposition, leaf consumption, reproduction) have been found. Sediment metal pollution may pose a risk to the carnivorous small mammal food chain, in which earthworms with elevated metal concentrations are eaten by the common shrew. Additional measurements near an active metal smelter, however, show reduced leaf consumption rates and reduced reproduction by terrestrial snails, reflecting elevated metal bioavailability at this site. Since future management may also comprise reintroduction of tidal action in the Biesbosch area, changes in metal bioavailability, and as a consequence future ecosystem effects, cannot be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelte Rozema
- Department of Systems Ecology, Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nakashima T, Okada T, Asahi J, Yamashita A, Kawai K, Kasai H, Matsuno K, Gamou S, Hirano T. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine generated in the earthworm Eisenia fetida grown in metal-containing soil. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 654:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
33
|
Peijnenburg WJGM, Zablotskaja M, Vijver MG. Monitoring metals in terrestrial environments within a bioavailability framework and a focus on soil extraction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2007; 67:163-79. [PMID: 17445889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Revised: 02/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability considerations are one of the tools for a proper assignment of sites potentially and actually at risk as it allows assessing both the extent (hazard) and probability (risk) of adverse effects. In this paper, bioavailability considerations are linked to physico-chemical methods available for assessing metal fractions in soils. The focus of the overview is on empirical methods for extraction of metals from soils as a surrogate for the metal-, species- and soil-type-dependent bioavailable and bioaccessible metal pools. This cumulates in a generalized flow chart for monitoring of metals in soils. In support of the general monitoring strategy, examples are given of successful applications of analytical methods for predicting metal uptake by plants and animals, for assessing the origin of metals in soils, as well as the leaching potential of soils and the extent of soil contamination. It is concluded that a large arrays of chemical assessment methodologies for metal speciation in solid and liquid soil phases are available. As most assessment methodologies are operationally defined instead of being functionally defined, examples of mechanistically based monitoring approaches of bioavailability are still scarce. The value of the methods for measuring bioavailability can be significantly improved when the species, metal, and soil specific aspects of bioavailability are more accurately taken into account in the design of chemical simulation methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory for Ecological Risk Assessment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Demuynck S, Grumiaux F, Mottier V, Schikorski D, Lemière S, Leprêtre A. Cd/Zn exposure interactions on metallothionein response in Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 145:658-68. [PMID: 17433784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied metallothionein (MT) response in the manure worm Eisenia fetida after exposures to cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) or cadmium and zinc spiked media. MT was studied both at the protein level by Dot Immunobinding Assay, (DIA) and at the expression level by Northern blotting. Cd was highly accumulated by worms whereas Zn body concentration was regulated. In addition, Zn would limit Cd accumulation in worms exposed to low Cd concentrations (1 and 8 mg Cd kg(-1) of dry soil). Exposure to a mixture of Cd and Zn at high concentrations increased cytosolic MT levels. This increase would allow worms to regulate body Zn concentrations and also to limit Cd toxicity. Cd exposures increased gene expression of Cd-binding MT isoform (MT 2A) whereas Zn did not. However, when both metals were at high concentrations in the exposure medium, this expression was further increased. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain the results and the best approach to estimate metal exposure of this earthworm species is given. Further experiments have now to be performed to evaluate the usefulness of these MT responses for field contaminated soils toxicity assessment using this earthworm species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Demuynck
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Numérique et d'Ecotoxicologie, UPRES EA 3570, FR 1818 CNRS, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Calhôa CF, Soares AMVM, Mann RM. Cadmium assimilation in the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio dilatatus--is trophic transfer important? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 371:206-13. [PMID: 17055036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial isopods have become important tools for the ecotoxicological assessment of metal-contaminated soils. Their value as an invertebrate model is partly because of their extraordinary capacity to bioaccumulate toxic metals from the environment. Replication of this accumulation process in the laboratory has in the past relied on the amendment of organic food substrates through the addition of inorganic metal salts. However, the bioavailability of the metals when presented through doping regimes may differ from the bioavailability of metals in nature, because over time metals become biologically compartmentalised and form complexes with organic molecules. This study examines the differential bioavailability of Cd to the terrestrial isopod, Porcellio dilatatus, when presented as either a Cd-amended diet or pre-incorporated biologically into lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Isopods were either provided with lettuce contaminated superficially with Cd(NO(3))(2) or lettuce grown hydroponically in growth media containing 100 microM Cd(NO(3))(2). Assimilation efficiency of Cd was greater among isopods that were fed the amended diet (71%, S.E.=7%), than among isopods feeding on biologically contaminated lettuce (52%, S.E.=5%) and demonstrates that speciation of Cd is likely to influence the rate of Cd assimilation and accumulation in a laboratory test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Filipa Calhôa
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos de Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sanchez-Hernandez JC. Earthworm biomarkers in ecological risk assessment. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 188:85-126. [PMID: 17016917 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-32964-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have had a notable contribution in terrestrial ecotoxicology. They have been broadly used to assess environmental impact from metal pollution, and they are typical test organisms (e.g., Eisenia) in standardized toxicity tests. Several reviews and international workshops have stressed the need for increasing the understanding and applicability of earthworm biomarkers in the ecological risk assessment (ERA) process. This review summarizes recent available information concerning the most investigated earthworm biomarkers. In earthworms, the use of biomarkers has been focused on assessing metal pollution, and available data on biomarker responses to organic contaminants are rather limited. The potential for applying earthworm biomarkers in the standardized toxicity tests is suggested in view of their significant contribution to the risk assessment of contaminated soils (e.g., estimation of bioavailable and bioactive fraction or sublethal effects). Field studies involving earthworm biomarkers are still scarce and are summarized according to their main practical approaches in retrospective ERA: biological surveys, laboratory tests of the soil, simulated field studies, and in situ exposure bioassays. Despite the great volume of laboratory studies on earthworm biomarkers, future lines of research are suggested besides the recommendations made by others: (1) the potential and limitations of the inclusion of biomarkers in the standardized toxicity tests should be examined under a well-defined weight-of-evidence framework; (2) it is necessary to develop operating guidelines to standardize earthworm biomarker assays, an important step to apply biomarkers in a regulatory context; (3) molecular and physiological biomarkers should be directly linked to behavioral changes with significant ecological implications, an important step in considering them as ecotoxicological biomarkers; and (4) biomarkers to organic pollutants of current concern (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anti-ChE and pyrethroid insecticides, polybrominated flame retardants, etc.) need to be developed and validated in the field. Also, an increase in the knowledge of earthworm biomarkers is undoubtedly useful in assessing the effectiveness of procedures for recovering/protecting the environment (e.g., phytoremediation or agrienvironment schemes) besides its potential use in the ERA framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|