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Meneses J, González-Durruthy M, Fernandez-de-Gortari E, Toropova AP, Toropov AA, Alfaro-Moreno E. A Nano-QSTR model to predict nano-cytotoxicity: an approach using human lung cells data. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:21. [PMID: 37211608 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of new engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in industries such as cosmetics, electronics, and diagnostic nanodevices, has been revolutionizing our society. However, emerging studies suggest that ENMs present potentially toxic effects on the human lung. In this regard, we developed a machine learning (ML) nano-quantitative-structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model to predict the potential human lung nano-cytotoxicity induced by exposure to ENMs based on metal oxide nanoparticles. RESULTS Tree-based learning algorithms (e.g., decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and extra-trees (ET)) were able to predict ENMs' cytotoxic risk in an efficient, robust, and interpretable way. The best-ranked ET nano-QSTR model showed excellent statistical performance with R2 and Q2-based metrics of 0.95, 0.80, and 0.79 for training, internal validation, and external validation subsets, respectively. Several nano-descriptors linked to the core-type and surface coating reactivity properties were identified as the most relevant characteristics to predict human lung nano-cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model suggests that a decrease in the ENMs diameter could significantly increase their potential ability to access lung subcellular compartments (e.g., mitochondria and nuclei), promoting strong nano-cytotoxicity and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Additionally, the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a surface coating could prevent the potential release of cytotoxic metal ions, promoting lung cytoprotection. Overall, the current work could pave the way for efficient decision-making, prediction, and mitigation of the potential occupational and environmental ENMs risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Meneses
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal
| | | | | | - Alla P Toropova
- Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Andrey A Toropov
- Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
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Antunes Filho S, dos Santos MS, dos Santos OAL, Backx BP, Soran ML, Opriş O, Lung I, Stegarescu A, Bououdina M. Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts and Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073060. [PMID: 37049821 PMCID: PMC10095647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts and essential oils have a wide variety of molecules with potential application in different fields such as medicine, the food industry, and cosmetics. Furthermore, these plant derivatives are widely interested in human and animal health, including potent antitumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal activity. Given this diversity, different methodologies were needed to optimize the extraction, purification, and characterization of each class of biomolecules. In addition, these plant products can still be used in the synthesis of nanomaterials to reduce the undesirable effects of conventional synthesis routes based on hazardous/toxic chemical reagents and associate the properties of nanomaterials with those present in extracts and essential oils. Vegetable oils and extracts are chemically complex, and although they are already used in the synthesis of nanomaterials, limited studies have examined which molecules are effectively acting in the synthesis and stabilization of these nanostructures. Similarly, few studies have investigated whether the molecules coating the nanomaterials derived from these extracts and essential oils would bring benefits or somehow reduce their potential activity. This synergistic effect presents a promising field to be further explored. Thus, in this review article, we conducted a comprehensive review addressing the main groups of molecules present in plant extracts and essential oils, their extraction capacity, and available methodologies for their characterization. Moreover, we highlighted the potential of these plant products in the synthesis of different metallic nanomaterials and their antimicrobial capacity. Furthermore, we correlated the extract’s role in antimicrobial activity, considering the potential synergy between molecules from the plant product and the different metallic forms associated with nanomaterials.
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Corsi I, Venditti I, Trotta F, Punta C. Environmental safety of nanotechnologies: The eco-design of manufactured nanomaterials for environmental remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161181. [PMID: 36581299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanosafety is paramount considering the risks associated with manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) whose implications could outweigh their advantages for environmental applications. Although nanotechnology-based solutions to implement pollution control, remediation and prevention are incremental with clear benefits for public health and Earth' natural ecosystems, nanoremediation is having a setback due to the risks associated with the safety of MNMs for humans and the environment. MNMs are diverse, work differently and bionano-interactions occurring upon environmental exposure will guide their fate and hazardous outcomes. Here we propose a new ecologically-based design strategy (eco-design) having its roots in green nanoscience and LCA that will ground on an Ecological Risk Assessment approach, which introduces the evaluation of MNMs' ecotoxicity along with their performances and efficacies at the design stage. As such, the proposed eco-design strategy will allow recognition and design-out since the very beginning of material synthesis, those hazardous peculiar features that can be hazardous to living beings and the natural environment. A more ecologically sound eco-design strategy in which nanosafety is conceptually included in MNMs design will sustain safer nanotechnologies including those for the environment as remediation by leveraging any risks for humans and natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University of Rome, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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CFD Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Continuous Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles Using 2D and 3D Micromixers. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060970. [PMID: 35744584 PMCID: PMC9230433 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted basic and applied research due to their immense potential to enable applications in fields as varied as drug delivery and bioremediation. Conventional synthesis schemes led to wide particle size distributions and inhomogeneous morphologies and crystalline structures. This has been attributed to the inability to control nucleation and growth processes under the conventional conditions of bulk batch processes. Here, we attempted to address these issues by scaling down the synthesis process aided by microfluidic devices, as they provide highly controlled and stable mixing patterns. Accordingly, we proposed three micromixers with different channel configurations, namely, serpentine, triangular, and a 3D arrangement with abrupt changes in fluid direction. The micromixers were first studied in silico, aided by Comsol Multiphysics® to investigate the obtained mixing patterns, and consequently, their potential for controlled growth and the nucleation processes required to form MNPs of uniform size and crystalline structure. The devices were then manufactured using a low-cost approach based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and laser cutting. Testing the micromixers in the synthesis of MNPs revealed homogeneous morphologies and particle size distributions, and the typical crystalline structure reported previously. A life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis for the devices was conducted in comparison with conventional batch co-precipitation synthesis to investigate the potential impacts on water and energy consumption. The obtained results revealed that such consumptions are higher than those of the conventional process. However, they can be reduced by conducting the synthesis with reused micromixers, as new PMMA is not needed for their assembly prior to operation. We are certain that the proposed approach represents an advantageous alternative to co-precipitation synthesis schemes, in terms of continuous production and more homogeneous physicochemical parameters of interest such as size, morphologies, and crystalline structure. Future work should be directed towards improving the sustainability indicators of the micromixers’ manufacturing process.
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Damilos S, Saliakas S, Kokkinopoulos I, Karayannis P, Karamitrou M, Trompeta AF, Charitidis C, Koumoulos EP. Occupational Safety Analysis for COVID-Instigated Repurposed Manufacturing Lines: Use of Nanomaterials in Injection Moulding. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122418. [PMID: 35745994 PMCID: PMC9228191 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic instigated massive production of critical medical supplies and personal protective equipment. Injection moulding (IM) is considered the most prominent thermoplastic part manufacturing technique, offering the use of a large variety of feedstocks and rapid production capacity. Within the context of the European Commission-funded imPURE project, the benefits of IM have been exploited in repurposed IM lines to accommodate the use of nanocomposites and introduce the unique properties of nanomaterials. However, these amendments in the manufacturing lines highlighted the need for targeted and thorough occupational risk analysis due to the potential exposure of workers to airborne nanomaterials and fumes, as well as the introduction of additional occupational hazards. In this work, a safety-oriented failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was implemented to evaluate the main hazards in repurposed IM lines using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as additives. Twenty-eight failure modes were identified, with the upper quartile including the seven failure modes presenting the highest risk priority numbers (RPN), signifying a need for immediate control action. Additionally, a nanosafety control-banding tool allowed hazard classification and the identification of control actions required for mitigation of occupation risks due to the released airborne silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Damilos
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (S.D.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Stratos Saliakas
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (S.D.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Ioannis Kokkinopoulos
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (S.D.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Panagiotis Karayannis
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (S.D.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Melpo Karamitrou
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composites, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographos, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.-F.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composites, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographos, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.-F.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Costas Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composites, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographos, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.-F.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Elias P. Koumoulos
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (S.D.); (S.S.); (I.K.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Nanosafety: An Evolving Concept to Bring the Safest Possible Nanomaterials to Society and Environment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111810. [PMID: 35683670 PMCID: PMC9181910 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials has been increasing in recent times, and they are widely used in industries such as cosmetics, drugs, food, water treatment, and agriculture. The rapid development of new nanomaterials demands a set of approaches to evaluate the potential toxicity and risks related to them. In this regard, nanosafety has been using and adapting already existing methods (toxicological approach), but the unique characteristics of nanomaterials demand new approaches (nanotoxicology) to fully understand the potential toxicity, immunotoxicity, and (epi)genotoxicity. In addition, new technologies, such as organs-on-chips and sophisticated sensors, are under development and/or adaptation. All the information generated is used to develop new in silico approaches trying to predict the potential effects of newly developed materials. The overall evaluation of nanomaterials from their production to their final disposal chain is completed using the life cycle assessment (LCA), which is becoming an important element of nanosafety considering sustainability and environmental impact. In this review, we give an overview of all these elements of nanosafety.
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Life Cycle Assessment-Based Comparative Study between High-Yield and "Standard" Bottom-Up Procedures for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103446. [PMID: 35629474 PMCID: PMC9145381 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials with remarkable properties that can be produced from a wide variety of synthesis routes. Given that “standard” bottom-up procedures are typically associated with low synthesis yields, different authors have been trying to devise alternative high-yield fabrication strategies. However, there is a doubt if sustainability-wise, the latter should be really preferred to the former. Herein, we employed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to compare and understand the environmental impacts of high-yield and “standard” bottom-up strategies, by applying different life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods. These routes were: (1) production of hydrochar, via the hydrothermal treatment of carbon precursors, and its alkaline peroxide treatment into high-yield CDs; (2) microwave treatment of carbon precursors doped with ethylenediamine; (3) and (6) thermal treatment of carbon precursor and urea; (4) hydrothermal treatment of carbon precursor and urea; (5) microwave treatment of carbon precursor and urea. For this LCA, four LCIA methods were used: ReCiPe, Greenhouse Gas Protocol, AWARE, and USEtox. Results identified CD-5 as the most sustainable synthesis in ReCiPe, Greenhouse Gas Protocol, and USEtox. On the other hand, in AWARE, the most sustainable synthesis was CD-1. It was possible to conclude that, in general, high-yield synthesis (CD-1) was not more sustainable than “standard” bottom-up synthesis, such as CD-5 and CD-6 (also with relatively high-yield). More importantly, high-yield synthesis (CD-1) did not generate much lower environmental impacts than “standard” approaches with low yields, which indicates that higher yields come with relevant environmental costs.
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8
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Jasrotia P, Nagpal M, Mishra CN, Sharma AK, Kumar S, Kamble U, Bhardwaj AK, Kashyap PL, Kumar S, Singh GP. Nanomaterials for Postharvest Management of Insect Pests: Current State and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.811056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, between one quarter and one-third of total grains produced each year are lost during storage mainly through infestation of insect pests. Among the available control options such as chemical and physical techniques, fumigation with aluminum phosphide (AlP) is so far considered the best control strategy against storage insect pests. However, these insect pests are now developing resistance against AIP due to its indiscriminate use due to non-availability of any effective alternative control option. Resistance to AIP among storage insect pests is increasing, and its inhalation has shown adverse effects on animals and human beings. Nanotechnology has opened up a wide range of opportunities in various fields such as agriculture (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.), pharmaceuticals, and electronics. One of the applications of nanotechnology is the usage of nanomaterial-based insecticide formulations for mitigating field and storage insect pests. Several formulations, namely, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, controlled release formulations, and solid-based nanopesticides, have been developed with different modes of action and application. The major advantage is their small size which helps in proper spreading on the pest surface, and thus, better action than conventional pesticides is achieved. Besides their minute size, these have no or reduced harmful effects on non-target species. Nanopesticides can therefore provide green and efficient alternatives for the management of insect pests of field and storage. However, an outcry against the utilization of nano-based pesticides is also revealed. It is considered by some that nano-insecticides may also have hazardous effects on humans as well as on the environment. Due to limited available data, nanopesticides have become a double-edged weapon. Therefore, nanomaterials need to be evaluated extensively for their large-scale adoption. In this article, we reviewed the nanoformulations that are developed and have proved effective against the insect pests under postharvest storage of grains.
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Barhoum A, García-Betancourt ML, Jeevanandam J, Hussien EA, Mekkawy SA, Mostafa M, Omran MM, S. Abdalla M, Bechelany M. Review on Natural, Incidental, Bioinspired, and Engineered Nanomaterials: History, Definitions, Classifications, Synthesis, Properties, Market, Toxicities, Risks, and Regulations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:177. [PMID: 35055196 PMCID: PMC8780156 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are becoming important materials in several fields and industries thanks to their very reduced size and shape-related features. Scientists think that nanoparticles and nanostructured materials originated during the Big Bang process from meteorites leading to the formation of the universe and Earth. Since 1990, the term nanotechnology became very popular due to advances in imaging technologies that paved the way to specific industrial applications. Currently, nanoparticles and nanostructured materials are synthesized on a large scale and are indispensable for many industries. This fact fosters and supports research in biochemistry, biophysics, and biochemical engineering applications. Recently, nanotechnology has been combined with other sciences to fabricate new forms of nanomaterials that could be used, for instance, for diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems, energy generation/storage, environmental remediation as well as agriculture and food processing. In contrast with traditional materials, specific features can be integrated into nanoparticles, nanostructures, and nanosystems by simply modifying their scale, shape, and composition. This article first summarizes the history of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Followed by the progress that led to improved synthesis processes to produce different nanoparticles and nanostructures characterized by specific features. The content finally presents various origins and sources of nanomaterials, synthesis strategies, their toxicity, risks, regulations, and self-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; (E.A.H.); (M.M.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Eman A. Hussien
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; (E.A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara A. Mekkawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (M.M.O.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Menna Mostafa
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; (E.A.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohamed M. Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (M.M.O.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mohga S. Abdalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; (S.A.M.); (M.M.O.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Nizam NUM, Hanafiah MM, Woon KS. A Content Review of Life Cycle Assessment of Nanomaterials: Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123324. [PMID: 34947673 PMCID: PMC8708326 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of 71 previous studies on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of nanomaterials (NMs) from 2001 to 2020 (19 years). Although various studies have been carried out to assess the efficiency and potential of wastes for nanotechnology, little attention has been paid to conducting a comprehensive analysis related to the environmental performance and hotspot of NMs, based on LCA methodology. Therefore, this paper highlights and discusses LCA methodology’s basis (goal and scope definition, system boundary, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation) to insights into current practices, limitations, progress, and challenges of LCA application NMs. We found that there is still a lack of comprehensive LCA study on the environmental impacts of NMs until end-of-life stages, thereby potentially supporting misleading conclusions, in most of the previous studies reviewed. For a comprehensive evaluation of LCA of NMs, we recommend that future studies should: (1) report more detailed and transparent LCI data within NMs LCA studies; (2) consider the environmental impacts and potential risks of NMs within their whole life cycle; (3) adopt a transparent and prudent characterization model; and (4) include toxicity, uncertainty, and sensitivity assessments to analyze the exposure pathways of NMs further. Future recommendations towards improvement and harmonization of methodological for future research directions were discussed and provided. This study’s findings redound to future research in the field of LCA NMs specifically, considering that the release of NMs into the environment is yet to be explored due to limited understanding of the mechanisms and pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Umairah M. Nizam
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Marlia M. Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Kok Sin Woon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Salieri B, Barruetabeña L, Rodríguez-Llopis I, Jacobsen NR, Manier N, Trouiller B, Chapon V, Hadrup N, Jiménez AS, Micheletti C, Merino BS, Brignon JM, Bouillard J, Hischier R. Integrative approach in a safe by design context combining risk, life cycle and socio-economic assessment for safer and sustainable nanomaterials. NANOIMPACT 2021; 23:100335. [PMID: 35559836 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Moving towards safe and sustainable innovations is an international policy ambition. In the on-hand manuscript, a concept combining safe by design and sustainability was implemented through the integration of human and environmental risk assessment, life cycle assessment as well as an assessment of the economic viability. The result is a nested and iterative process in form of a decision tree that integrates these three elements in order to achieve sustainable, safe and competitive materials, products or services. This approach, embedded into the stage-gate-model for safe by design, allows to reduce the uncertainty related to the assessment of risks and impacts by improving the quality of the data collected along each stage. In the second part of the manuscript, the application is shown for a case study dealing with the application of nanoparticles for Li-Ion batteries. One of the general conclusions out of this case study is that data gaps are a key aspect in view of the reliability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Salieri
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; TEMAS Solutions GmbH, Lätterweg 5, 5212 Hausen, Switzerland.
| | - Leire Barruetabeña
- GAIKER-IK4 Technology Centre, Parque Tecnológico, Ed. 20248.170, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Alle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Manier
- INERIS, Parc Alata, BP 2, 60550 Vernueil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Park Alle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland Hischier
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology and Society Lab, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Fernandes S, Esteves da Silva JCG, Pinto da Silva L. Comparative life cycle assessment of high-yield synthesis routes for carbon dots. NANOIMPACT 2021; 23:100332. [PMID: 35559833 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials with advantageous luminescent properties, making them promising alternatives to other molecular and nanosized fluorophores. However, the development of CDs is impaired by the low synthesis yield of standard fabrication strategies, making high-yield strategies essential. To help future studies to focus on cleaner production strategies, we have employed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to compare and understand the environmental impacts of available routes for the high-yield synthesis of carbon dots. These routes were: (1) production of hydrochar, via hydrothermal treatment of carbon precursors, and its alkaline-peroxide treatment into high-yield carbon dots; (2) thermal treatment of carbon precursors mixed in a eutectic mixture of salts. Results show that the first synthesis route is associated with the lowest environmental impacts. This is attributed to the absence of the mixture of salts in the first synthesis route, which offsets its higher electricity consumption. Sensitivity analysis showed that the most critical parameter in the different synthetic strategies is the identity of the carbon precursor, with electricity being also relevant for the first synthesis route. Nevertheless, the use of some carbon precursors (as citric acid) with higher associated environmental impacts may be justified by their beneficial role in increasing the luminescent performance of carbon dots. Thus, the first synthesis route is indicated to be the most environmental benign and should be used as a basis in future studies aimed to the cleaner and high-yield production of carbon dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Fernandes
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environmental and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environmental and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Jain N, Gupta E, Kanu NJ. Plethora of Carbon Nanotubes Applications in Various Fields – A State-of-the-Art-Review. SMART SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1940752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jain
- Department of Engineering Science, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Eva Gupta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ASET, Amity University, Noida, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, TSSM’s Bhivrabai Sawant College of Engineering and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nand Jee Kanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSPM Narhe Technical Campus, Pune, India
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14
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Crista DMA, El Mragui A, Algarra M, Esteves da Silva JCG, Luque R, Pinto da Silva L. Turning Spent Coffee Grounds into Sustainable Precursors for the Fabrication of Carbon Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1209. [PMID: 32575837 PMCID: PMC7353129 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are known for containing many organic compounds of interest, including carbohydrates, lipids, phenolic compounds and proteins. Therefore, we investigated them as a potential source to obtain carbon dots (CDs) via a nanotechnology approach. Herein, a comparison was performed between CDs produced by SCGs and classic precursors (e.g., citric acid and urea). The SCG-based CDs were obtained via the one-pot and solvent-free carbonization of solid samples, generating nanosized particles (2.1-3.9 nm). These nanoparticles exhibited a blue fluorescence with moderate quantum yields (2.9-5.8%) and an excitation-dependent emission characteristic of carbon dots. SCG-based CDs showed potential as environmentally relevant fluorescent probes for Fe3+ in water. More importantly, life cycle assessment studies validated the production of CDs from SCG samples as a more environmentally sustainable route, as compared to those using classic reported precursors, when considering either a weight- or a function-based functional unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. A. Crista
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.A.C.); (A.E.M.); (J.C.G.E.d.S.)
| | - Abderrahim El Mragui
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.A.C.); (A.E.M.); (J.C.G.E.d.S.)
| | - Manuel Algarra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatino s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.A.C.); (A.E.M.); (J.C.G.E.d.S.)
- LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edif. Marie Curie, Ctra N-IVA Km 396, E-14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis of Innovative compounds for Medicine, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.M.A.C.); (A.E.M.); (J.C.G.E.d.S.)
- LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Christé S, Esteves da Silva JC, Pinto da Silva L. Evaluation of the Environmental Impact and Efficiency of N-Doping Strategies in the Synthesis of Carbon Dots. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E504. [PMID: 31973126 PMCID: PMC7040597 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency and associated environmental impacts of different N-doping strategies of carbon dots (CDs) were evaluated. More specifically, N-doped CDs were prepared from citric acid via two main synthesis routes: Microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment with addition of N-containing small organic molecules (urea and ethylenediamine (EDA)); and microwave-assisted solvothermal treatment in N-containing organic solvents (n,n-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile and pyridine). These syntheses produced CDs with similar blue emission. However, XPS analysis revealed that CDs synthesized via both hydrothermal routes presented a better N-doping efficiency (~15 at.%) than all three solvothermal-based strategies (0.6-7 at.%). However, from the former two hydrothermal strategies, only the one involving EDA as a nitrogen-source provided a non-negligible synthesis yield, which indicates that this should be the preferred strategy. This conclusion was supported by a subsequent life cycle assessment (LCA) study, which revealed that this strategy is clearly the most sustainable one from all five studied synthesis routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Christé
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (J.C.G.E.d.S.)
| | - Joaquim C.G. Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (J.C.G.E.d.S.)
- LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.C.); (J.C.G.E.d.S.)
- LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Salieri B, Kaiser JP, Rösslein M, Nowack B, Hischier R, Wick P. Relative potency factor approach enables the use of in vitro information for estimation of human effect factors for nanoparticle toxicity in life-cycle impact assessment. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:275-286. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1710872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Salieri
- Technology and Society Laboratory, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Kaiser
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rösslein
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Technology and Society Laboratory, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roland Hischier
- Technology and Society Laboratory, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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17
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Fenton and Photo-Fenton Nanocatalysts Revisited from the Perspective of Life Cycle Assessment. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides an overview of the environmental impacts associated with the production of different magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) based on magnetite (Fe3O4), with a potential use as heterogeneous Fenton or photo-Fenton catalysts in wastewater treatment applications. The tendency of Fe3O4 NPs to form aggregates in water makes necessary their decoration with stabilizing agents, in order to increase their catalytic activity. Different stabilizing agents were considered in this study: poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), polyethylenimine (PEI) and silica (SiO2), as well as the immobilization of the magnetite-based catalysts in a mesoporous silica matrix, SBA-15. In the case of photo-Fenton catalysts, combinations of magnetite NPs with semiconductors were evaluated, so that magnetic recovery of the nanomaterials is possible, thus allowing a safe discharge free of NPs. The results of this study suggest that magnetic nanoparticles coated with PEI or PAA were the most suitable option for their applications in heterogeneous Fenton processes, while ZnO-Fe3O4 NPs provided an interesting approach in photo-Fenton. This work showed the importance of identifying the relevance of nanoparticle production strategy in the environmental impacts associated with their use.
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Matthews NE, Stamford L, Shapira P. Aligning sustainability assessment with responsible research and innovation: Towards a framework for Constructive Sustainability Assessment. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION 2019; 20:58-73. [PMID: 32051840 PMCID: PMC6999670 DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging technologies are increasingly promoted on the promise of tackling the grand challenge of sustainability. A range of assessment and governance approaches seek to evaluate these claims, but these tend to be applied disparately and lack widespread operationalisation. They also face specific challenges, such as high levels of uncertainty, when it comes to emerging technologies. Building and reflecting on both theory and practice, this article develops a framework for Constructive Sustainability Assessment (CSA) that enables the application of sustainability assessments to emerging technologies as part of a broader deliberative approach. In order to achieve this, we discuss and critique current approaches to analytical sustainability assessment and review deliberative social science governance frameworks. We then develop the conceptual basis of CSA - blending life-cycle thinking with principles of responsible research and innovation. This results in four design principles - transdisciplinarity, opening-up, exploring uncertainty and anticipation - that can be followed when applying sustainability assessments to emerging technologies. Finally, we discuss the practical implementation of the framework through a three-step process to (a) formulate the sustainability assessment in collaboration with stakeholders, (b) evaluate potential sustainability implications using methods such as anticipatory life-cycle assessment and (c) interpret and explore the results as part of a deliberative process. Through this, CSA facilitates a much-needed transdisciplinary response to enable the governance of emerging technologies towards sustainability. The framework will be of interest to scientists, engineers, and policy-makers working with emerging technologies that have sustainability as an explicit or implicit motivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Matthews
- Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Booth Street West, Manchester, M15 6PB, UK
- Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3AL, UK
- Corresponding author at: Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Booth Street West, Manchester, M15 6PB, UK.
| | - Laurence Stamford
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3AL, UK
| | - Philip Shapira
- Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Booth Street West, Manchester, M15 6PB, UK
- Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre for Fine and Speciality Chemicals, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0345, USA
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19
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Lankone RS, Challis K, Pourzahedi L, Durkin DP, Bi Y, Wang Y, Garland MA, Brown F, Hristovski K, Tanguay RL, Westerhoff P, Lowry G, Gilbertson LM, Ranville J, Fairbrother DH. Copper release and transformation following natural weathering of nano-enabled pressure-treated lumber. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:234-244. [PMID: 30852200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available lumber, pressure-treated with micronized copper azole (MCA), has largely replaced other inorganic biocides for residential wood treatment in the USA, yet little is known about how different outdoor environmental conditions impact the release of ionic, nano-scale, or larger (micron-scale) copper from this product. Therefore, we weathered pressure treated lumber for 18 months in five different climates across the continental United States. Copper release was quantified every month and local weather conditions were recorded continuously to determine the extent to which local climate regulated the release of copper from this nano-enabled product during its use phase. Two distinct release trends were observed: In cooler, wetter climates release occurred primarily during the first few months of weathering, as the result of copper leaching from surface/near-surface areas. In warmer, drier climates, less copper was initially released due to limited precipitation. However, as the wood dried and cracked, the exposed copper-bearing surface area increased, leading to increased copper release later in the product lifetime. Single-particle-ICP-MS results from laboratory prepared MCA-wood leachate solutions indicated that a) the predominant form of released copper passed through a filter smaller than 0.45 micrometers and b) released particles were largely resistant to dissolution over the course of 6 wks. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) testing was conducted on nonweathered and weathered MCA-wood samples to simulate landfill conditions during their end-of-life (EoL) phase and revealed that MCA wood released <10% of initially embedded copper. Findings from this study provide data necessary to complete a more comprehensive evaluation of the environmental and human health impacts introduced through release of copper from pressure treated lumber utilizing life cycle assessment (LCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Lankone
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Katie Challis
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Leila Pourzahedi
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - David P Durkin
- United States Naval Academy, Department of Chemistry, Annapolis, MD 21402, United States of America
| | - Yuqiang Bi
- Arizona State University, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States of America
| | - Yan Wang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Michael A Garland
- Oregon State University, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America
| | - Frank Brown
- Arizona State University, The Polytechnic School, Ira. A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States of America
| | - Kiril Hristovski
- Arizona State University, The Polytechnic School, Ira. A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Mesa, AZ 85212, United States of America
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Oregon State University, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97333, United States of America
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- Arizona State University, School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States of America
| | - Greg Lowry
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Leanne M Gilbertson
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - James Ranville
- Colorado School of Mines, Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - D Howard Fairbrother
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America.
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20
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Nicholas TP, Kavanagh TJ, Faustman EM, Altemeier WA. The Effects of Gene × Environment Interactions on Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Respiratory System. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:952-968. [PMID: 31124663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are used in multiple applications but primarily in the manufacturing of antimicrobial products. AgNP toxicity in the respiratory system is well characterized, but few in vitro or in vivo studies have evaluated the effects of interactions between host genetic and acquired factors or gene × environment interactions (G × E) on AgNP toxicity in the respiratory system. The primary goal of this article is to review host genetic and acquired factors identified across in vitro and in vivo studies and prioritize those necessary for defining exposure limits to protect all populations. The impact of these exposures and the work being done to address the current limited protections are also discussed. Future research on G × E effects on AgNP toxicity is warranted and will assist with informing regulatory or recommended exposure limits that enforce special protections for all populations to AgNP exposures in occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Nicholas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - Elaine M Faustman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - William A Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
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21
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Toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials: Reviewing recent reports in medical and biological systems. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:206-222. [PMID: 31054282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanomaterials in our daily life is increasing, day in day out and concerns have raised about their toxicity for human and other organisms. In this manner, carbon-based nanomaterials have been applied to different products due to their unique physicochemical, electrical, mechanical properties, and biological compatibility. But, there are several reports about the negative effects of these materials on biological systems and cellular compartments. This review article describes the various types of carbon-based nanomaterials and methods that use for determining these toxic effects that are reported recently in the papers. Then, extensively discussed the toxic effects of these materials on the human and other living organisms and also their toxicity routs including Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Immunotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity, Genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity, Dermatotoxicity, and Carcinogenicity.
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22
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Wu F, Zhou Z, Hicks AL. Life Cycle Impact of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Synthesis through Physical, Chemical, and Biological Routes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4078-4087. [PMID: 30912646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable manufacturing of nanoparticles (NPs) has become critical to reduce life cycle energy use and the associated environmental impact. With the ever-growing production volume, titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs have been produced through various synthesis routes with differing input materials and reactions, which result in differential reactivity, crystallinity, surface areas, and size distributions. In this study, life cycle assessment is used to analyze and compare the environmental impact of TiO2 NPs produced via seven routes covering physical, chemical, and biological syntheses. The synthesis routes are chosen to represent mainstream NP manufacturing and future trends. Mass-, surface area-, and photocatalytic reactivity-based functional units are selected to evaluate the environmental impact and reflect the corresponding changes. The results show that impact associated with the upstream production of different precursors are dominant for the chemical route. Compared to the chemical route, the physical route requires substantial quantities of supporting gas and high-energy inputs to maintain high temperature; therefore, a higher environmental burden is generated. A high environmental burden is also modeled for the biological route due to the required bacterial culture media. This present study aims to identify the most efficient synthesis route for TiO2 NP production, lower the potential environmental impact, and improve green synthesis and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Brigham Young University , Provo , Utah 84602 , United States
| | - Andrea L Hicks
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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23
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Le Hir M, Wyart Y, Georges G, Siozade Lamoine L, Sauvade P, Moulin P. Effect of salinity and nanoparticle polydispersity on UF membrane retention fouling. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Bafana A, Kumar SV, Temizel-Sekeryan S, Dahoumane SA, Haselbach L, Jeffryes CS. Evaluating microwave-synthesized silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate with life cycle assessment techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:936-943. [PMID: 29729511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known for applications in electronics and as antimicrobial agents because of their unique optical, electrical, cytotoxic and thermal properties. These nanoparticles can be synthesized via a wide variety of techniques; however, they require the use of hazardous solvents which have very high environmental impacts. Nanoscience researchers have attempted novel synthesis routes that reduce resource requirements and use benign chemicals, while maintaining control over their unique properties. The present study evaluates the potential environmental impacts of one such benign method using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) techniques which are used to assess the environmental impacts of a product's life through all the stages from raw material extraction to disposal/ recycling. This research evaluates AgNPs which were synthesized using glucose as the reducing agent and food grade corn starch as the stabilizing agent in a microwave-assisted reaction system. GaBi 6.0 software was used to carry out the Life Cycle Impact Assessment on a declared unit of 1 kg of 3.0 ± 1.2 nm diameter AgNPs. The results indicate that the impacts are predominantly on acidification (AP), human health particulate air (HHAP) and human toxicity non-cancer (HTNCP) potentials. These impacts are mainly from the production of silver metal and electricity used. The starch and glucose used to produce AgNPs of 3.0 ± 1.2 nm is shown to have negligible environmental impacts and is therefore considered to be environmentally benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Bafana
- Nanobiomaterials and Bioprocessing Laboratory (NABLAB), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, PO Box 10051, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA.
| | - Shishir V Kumar
- Nanobiomaterials and Bioprocessing Laboratory (NABLAB), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, PO Box 10051, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA.
| | - Sila Temizel-Sekeryan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, PO Box 10024, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA.
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador.
| | - Liv Haselbach
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, PO Box 10024, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA.
| | - Clayton S Jeffryes
- Nanobiomaterials and Bioprocessing Laboratory (NABLAB), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, PO Box 10051, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA; Center for Advances in Water & Air Quality, Lamar University, 211 Redbird Ln., Box 10888, Beaumont, TX 77710-0088, USA.
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25
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Corsi I, Fiorati A, Grassi G, Bartolozzi I, Daddi T, Melone L, Punta C. Environmentally Sustainable and Ecosafe Polysaccharide-Based Materials for Water Nano-Treatment: An Eco-Design Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1228. [PMID: 30018238 PMCID: PMC6073422 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoremediation, which is the use of nanoparticles and nanomaterials for environmental remediation, is widely explored and proposed for preservation of ecosystems that suffer from the increase in human population, pollution, and urbanization. We herein report a critical analysis of nanotechnologies for water remediation by assessing their sustainability in terms of efficient removal of pollutants, appropriate methods for monitoring their effectiveness, and protocols for the evaluation of any potential environmental risks. Our purpose is to furnish fruitful guidelines for sustainable water management, able to promote nanoremediation also at European level. In this context, we describe new nanostructured polysaccharide-based materials obtained from renewable resources as alternative efficient and ecosafe solutions for water nano-treatment. We also provide eco-design indications to improve the sustainability of the production of these materials, based on life-cycle assessment methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Fiorati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Grassi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Irene Bartolozzi
- Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Institute of Management, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Ergo S.r.l., c/o Technology Centre, Via Giuntini 25/29⁻int. 29, 56023 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiberio Daddi
- Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Institute of Management, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucio Melone
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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26
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Pingue P, Todea AM, Asbach C. Assessment of occupational exposure to engineered nanomaterials in research laboratories using personal monitors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:689-702. [PMID: 29426194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure assessment is a key stage in the risk assessment/management of engineered nanomaterials. Although different sampling strategies and instruments have been used to define the occupational exposure to nano-scale materials, currently there is no international consensus regarding measurement strategy, metrics and limit values. In fact, the assessment of individual exposure to engineered nanomaterials remains a critical issue despite recent innovative developments in personal monitors and samplers. Hence, we used several of these instruments to evaluate the workers' personal exposure in a large research laboratory where engineered nanomaterials are produced, handled, and characterized in order to provide input data for nanomaterial exposure assessment strategies and future epidemiological studies. The results obtained using personal monitors showed that the workplace concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (lung deposited surface area and particle number concentrations) were quite low in all the different workplaces monitored, with short spikes during the execution of some specific job tasks. The sampling strategy was been adopted on the basis of an Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) suggestion for a tiered approach and was found to be suitable for determining the individual exposure and for identifying possible sources of emission, even those with very low emission rates. The use of these instruments may lead to a significant improvement not only in the exposure assessment stage but, more generally, in the entire risk assessment and management process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Health, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Fontana
- Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Health, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasqualantonio Pingue
- Laboratory of National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ana Maria Todea
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA), Air Quality & Filtration, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Christof Asbach
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA), Air Quality & Filtration, 47229 Duisburg, Germany.
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Green synthesis with enhanced magnetization and life cycle assessment of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Stueckle TA, Davidson DC, Derk R, Kornberg TG, Battelli L, Friend S, Orandle M, Wagner A, Dinu CZ, Sierros KA, Agarwal S, Gupta RK, Rojanasakul Y, Porter DW, Rojanasakul L. Short-Term Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment of Pre- and Post-incinerated Organomodified Nanoclay in Mice. ACS NANO 2018; 12:2292-2310. [PMID: 29451776 PMCID: PMC6357971 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organomodified nanoclays (ONCs) are increasingly used as filler materials to improve nanocomposite strength, wettability, flammability, and durability. However, pulmonary risks associated with exposure along their chemical lifecycle are unknown. This study's objective was to compare pre- and post-incinerated forms of uncoated and organomodified nanoclays for potential pulmonary inflammation, toxicity, and systemic blood response. Mice were exposed via aspiration to low (30 μg) and high (300 μg) doses of preincinerated uncoated montmorillonite nanoclay (CloisNa), ONC (Clois30B), their respective incinerated forms (I-CloisNa and I-Clois30B), and crystalline silica (CS). Lung and blood tissues were collected at days 1, 7, and 28 to compare toxicity and inflammation indices. Well-dispersed CloisNa caused a robust inflammatory response characterized by neutrophils, macrophages, and particle-laden granulomas. Alternatively, Clois30B, I-Clois30B, and CS high-dose exposures elicited a low grade, persistent inflammatory response. High-dose Clois30B exposure exhibited moderate increases in lung damage markers and a delayed macrophage recruitment cytokine signature peaking at day 7 followed by a fibrotic tissue signature at day 28, similar to CloisNa. I-CloisNa exhibited acute, transient inflammation with quick recovery. Conversely, high-dose I-Clois30B caused a weak initial inflammatory signal but showed comparable pro-inflammatory signaling to CS at day 28. The data demonstrate that ONC pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory potential relies on coating presence and incineration status in that coated and incinerated nanoclay exhibited less inflammation and granuloma formation than pristine montmorillonite. High doses of both pre- and post-incinerated ONC, with different surface morphologies, may harbor potential pulmonary health hazards over long-term occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A. Stueckle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Donna C. Davidson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Ray Derk
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Tiffany G. Kornberg
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lori Battelli
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Sherri Friend
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Marlene Orandle
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Alixandra Wagner
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Konstantinos A. Sierros
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Sushant Agarwal
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Rakesh K. Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Dale W. Porter
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Liying Rojanasakul
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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Asbach C, Alexander C, Clavaguera S, Dahmann D, Dozol H, Faure B, Fierz M, Fontana L, Iavicoli I, Kaminski H, MacCalman L, Meyer-Plath A, Simonow B, van Tongeren M, Todea AM. Review of measurement techniques and methods for assessing personal exposure to airborne nanomaterials in workplaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:793-806. [PMID: 28431758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne agents needs to be assessed in the personal breathing zone by the use of personal measurement equipment. Specific measurement devices for assessing personal exposure to airborne nanomaterials have only become available in the recent years. They can be differentiated into direct-reading personal monitors and personal samplers that collect the airborne nanomaterials for subsequent analyses. This article presents a review of the available personal monitors and samplers and summarizes the available literature regarding their accuracy, comparability and field applicability. Due to the novelty of the instruments, the number of published studies is still relatively low. Where applicable, literature data is therefore complemented with published and unpublished results from the recently finished nanoIndEx project. The presented data show that the samplers and monitors are robust and ready for field use with sufficient accuracy and comparability. However, several limitations apply, e.g. regarding the particle size range of the personal monitors and their in general lower accuracy and comparability compared with their stationary counterparts. The decision whether a personal monitor or a personal sampler shall be preferred depends strongly on the question to tackle. In many cases, a combination of a personal monitor and a personal sampler may be the best choice to obtain conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Asbach
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA), Air Quality & Filtration, 47229 Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Carla Alexander
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Simon Clavaguera
- NanoSafety Platform, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Dirk Dahmann
- Institute for the Research on Hazardous Substances (IGF), 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hélène Dozol
- NanoSafety Platform, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Bertrand Faure
- NanoSafety Platform, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Martin Fierz
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Luca Fontana
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (UCSC), 00168 Rome, Italy; University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Heinz Kaminski
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA), Air Quality & Filtration, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Laura MacCalman
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Asmus Meyer-Plath
- Federal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Simonow
- Federal Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), 10317 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ana Maria Todea
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V. (IUTA), Air Quality & Filtration, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
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Tsang MP, Kikuchi-Uehara E, Sonnemann GW, Aymonier C, Hirao M. Evaluating nanotechnology opportunities and risks through integration of life-cycle and risk assessment. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:734-739. [PMID: 28775355 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been some 15 years since the topics of sustainability and nanotechnologies first appeared together in the scientific literature and became a focus of organizations' research and policy developments. On the one hand, this focus is directed towards approaches and tools for risk assessment and management and on the other hand towards life-cycle thinking and assessment. Comparable to their application for regular chemicals, each tool is seen to serve separate objectives as it relates to evaluating nanotechnologies' safety or resource efficiency, respectively. While nanomaterials may provide resource efficient production and consumption, this must balance any potential hazards they pose across their life-cycles. This Perspective advocates for integrating these two tools at the methodological level for achieving this objective, and it explains what advantages and challenges this offers decision-makers while highlighting what research is needed to further enhance integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Tsang
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Emi Kikuchi-Uehara
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Guido W Sonnemann
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Masahiko Hirao
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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31
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Guinée JB, Heijungs R, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Setting the stage for debating the roles of risk assessment and life-cycle assessment of engineered nanomaterials. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:727-733. [PMID: 28775351 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although technological and environmental benefits are important stimuli for nanotechnology development, these technologies have been contested from an environmental point of view. The steady growth of applications of engineered nanomaterials has heated up the debate on quantifying the environmental repercussions. The two main scientific methods to address these environmental repercussions are risk assessment and life-cycle assessment. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these methods, and the relation between them, have been a topic of debate in the world of traditional chemistry for over two decades. Here we review recent developments in this debate in general and for the emerging field of nanomaterials specifically. We discuss the pros and cons of four schools of thought for combining and integrating risk assessment and life-cycle assessment and conclude with a plea for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen B Guinée
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout Heijungs
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Econometrics and Operations Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and Products, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Papadaki D, Foteinis S, Mhlongo GH, Nkosi SS, Motaung DE, Ray SS, Tsoutsos T, Kiriakidis G. Life cycle assessment of facile microwave-assisted zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:566-575. [PMID: 28209407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The life cycle assessment of several zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, fabricated by a facile microwave technique, is presented. Key synthesis parameters such as annealing temperature, varied from 90°C to 220°C, and microwave power, varied from 110W to 710W, are assessed. The effect of these parameters on both the structural characteristics and the environmental sustainability of the nanostructures is examined. The nanostructures were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Photoluminescence (PL) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Crystalline size was found to be 22.40nm at 110W microwave power, 24.83nm at 310W, and 24.01nm at 710W. Microwave power and synthesis temperature were both directly proportional to the surface area. At 110W the surface area was 10.44m2/g, at 310W 12.88m2/g, and at 710W 14.60m2/g; while it was found to be 11.64m2/g at 150°C and 18.09m2/g at 220°C. Based on these, a life cycle analysis (LCA) of the produced ZnO nanoparticles was carried out, using the ZnO surface area (1m2/g) as the functional unit. It was found that the main environmental weaknesses identified during the production process were; (a) the use of ethanol for purifying the produced nanomaterials and (b) the electricity consumption for the ZnO calcination, provided by South Africa's fossil-fuel dependent electricity source. When the effect of the key synthesis parameters on environmental sustainability was examined it was found that an increase of either microwave power (from 110 to 710W) or synthesis temperatures (from 90 to 220°C), results in higher sustainability, with the environmental footprint reduced by 27% and 41%, respectively. Through a sensitivity analysis, it was observed that an electricity mix based on renewable energy could improve the environmental sustainability of the nanoparticles by 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papadaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), 100, N. Plastira str, Vassilika Vouton, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100 Chania, Greece; DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - S Foteinis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
| | - G H Mhlongo
- DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - S S Nkosi
- University of Zululand, Department of Physics and Engineering, Private Bag X1001, Kwadlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - D E Motaung
- DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - S S Ray
- DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - T Tsoutsos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100 Chania, Greece
| | - G Kiriakidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), 100, N. Plastira str, Vassilika Vouton, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Physics Department, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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33
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Romero-Franco M, Godwin HA, Bilal M, Cohen Y. Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:989-1014. [PMID: 28546894 PMCID: PMC5433198 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The potential environmental impact of nanomaterials is a critical concern and the ability to assess these potential impacts is top priority for the progress of sustainable nanotechnology. Risk assessment tools are needed to enable decision makers to rapidly assess the potential risks that may be imposed by engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), particularly when confronted by the reality of limited hazard or exposure data. In this review, we examine a range of available risk assessment frameworks considering the contexts in which different stakeholders may need to assess the potential environmental impacts of ENMs. Assessment frameworks and tools that are suitable for the different decision analysis scenarios are then identified. In addition, we identify the gaps that currently exist between the needs of decision makers, for a range of decision scenarios, and the abilities of present frameworks and tools to meet those needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Romero-Franco
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza Box 957227 Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951772, 56-070 CHS Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hilary A Godwin
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza Box 957227 Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951772, 56-070 CHS Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza, Box 957227, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496, USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza Box 957227 Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza, Box 957227, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496, USA
| | - Yoram Cohen
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza Box 957227 Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 6522 CNSI Building, 570 Westwood Plaza, Box 957227, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7227, USA
- UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA
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Mitrano DM, Nowack B. The need for a life-cycle based aging paradigm for nanomaterials: importance of real-world test systems to identify realistic particle transformations. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:072001. [PMID: 28074782 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/7/072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the risks of manufactured nanomaterials (MNM) has been almost exclusively focused on the pristine, as-produced materials with far fewer studies delving into more complex, real world scenarios. However, when considering a life-cycle perspective, it is clear that MNM released from commercial products during manufacturing, use and disposal are far more relevant both in terms of more realistic environmental fate and transport as well as environmental risk. The quantity in which the particles are released and their (altered) physical and chemical form should be identified and it is these metrics that should be used to assess the exposure and hazard the materials pose. The goal of this review is to (1) provide a rationale for using a life-cycle based approach when dealing with MNM transformations, (2) to elucidate the different chemical and physical forces which age and transform MNM and (3) assess the pros and cons of current analytical techniques as they pertain to the measurement of aged and transformed MNM in these complex release scenarios. Specifically, we will describe the possible transformations common MNM may undergo during the use or disposal of nano-products based on how these products will be used by the consumer by taking stock of the current nano-enabled products on the market. Understanding the impact of these transformations may help forecast the benefits and/or risks associated with the use of products containing MNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Mitrano
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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35
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Pini M, Bondioli F, Montecchi R, Neri P, Ferrari AM. Environmental and human health assessment of life cycle of nanoTiO 2 functionalized porcelain stoneware tile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 577:113-121. [PMID: 27802886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a rise in the interest in nanotechnology due to its enormous potential for the development of new products and applications with higher performance and new functionalities. However, while nanotechnology might revolutionize a number of industrial and consumer sectors, there are uncertainties and knowledge gaps regarding toxicological effects of this emerging science. The goal of this research concerns the implementation into Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of preliminary frameworks developed to evaluate human toxicity and exposure factors related to the potential nanoparticle releases that could occur during the life cycle steps of a functionalized building material. The present LCA case study examines the ecodesign of nanoTiO2 functionalized porcelain stoneware tile production. The aim of this investigation is to manufacture new eco-friendly products in order to protect human health and ecosystem quality and to offer the market, materials with higher technological properties obtained by the addition of specific nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pini
- Department of Sciences and Engineering Methods, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Bondioli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Rita Montecchi
- Department of Sciences and Engineering Methods, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Neri
- Department of Sciences and Engineering Methods, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ferrari
- Department of Sciences and Engineering Methods, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Bäuerlein PS, Emke E, Tromp P, Hofman JAMH, Carboni A, Schooneman F, de Voogt P, van Wezel AP. Is there evidence for man-made nanoparticles in the Dutch environment? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:273-283. [PMID: 27788442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Only very limited information is available on measured environmental concentrations of nanoparticles. In this study, several environmental compartments in The Netherlands were probed for the presence of nanoparticles. Different types of water were screened for the presence of inorganic (Ag, Au, TiO2) and organic nanoparticles (C60, C70, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid octyl ester, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid butyl ester, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, [6,6]-bis-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, [6,6]-thienyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). Air samples were analysed for the presence of nanoparticulate Mo, Ag, Ce, W, Pd, Pt, Rh, Zn, Ti, Si, B as well as Fe and Cu. ICP-MS, Orbitrap-HRMS, SEM and EDX were used for this survey. Water samples included dune and bank filtrates, surface waters and ground waters as well as influents, effluents and sludge of sewage treatment plants (STPs), and surface waters collected near airports and harbours. Air samples included both urban and rural samples. C60 was detected in air, sewage treatment plants, influents, effluents and sludge, but in no other aqueous samples despite the low detection limit of 0.1ng/L. C70 and functionalised fullerenes were not detected at all. In STP sludge and influent the occurrence of Ag and Au nanoparticles was verified by SEM/EDX and ICP-MS. In air up to about 25m% of certain metals was found in the nanosize fraction. Overall, between 1 and 6% of the total mass from metals in the air samples was found in the size fraction <100nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Bäuerlein
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Erik Emke
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Tromp
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Princetonlaan 6, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M H Hofman
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Water Innovation and Research Centre, University of Bath, UK
| | - Andrea Carboni
- IBED Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pim de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; IBED Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Assessment of Environmental Performance of TiO2 Nanoparticles Coated Self-Cleaning Float Glass. COATINGS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The changing face of nanomaterials: Risk assessment challenges along the value chain. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 84:105-115. [PMID: 27998719 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Risk assessment (RA) of manufactured nanomaterials (MNM) is essential for regulatory purposes and risk management activities. Similar to RA of "classical" chemicals, MNM RA requires knowledge about exposure as well as of hazard potential and dose response relationships. What makes MNM RA especially challenging is the multitude of materials (which is expected to increase substantially in the future), the complexity of MNM value chains and life cycles, the accompanying possible changes in material properties over time and in contact with various environmental and organismal milieus, and the difficulties to obtain proper exposure data and to consider the proper dose metric. This article discusses these challenges and also critically overviews the current state of the art regarding MNM RA approaches.
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Scott RP, Cullen AC, Fox-Lent C, Linkov I. Can Carbon Nanomaterials Improve CZTS Photovoltaic Devices? Evaluation of Performance and Impacts Using Integrated Life-Cycle Assessment and Decision Analysis. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2016; 36:1916-1935. [PMID: 26800227 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In emergent photovoltaics, nanoscale materials hold promise for optimizing device characteristics; however, the related impacts remain uncertain, resulting in challenges to decisions on strategic investment in technology innovation. We integrate multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) results (LCA-MCDA) as a method of incorporating values of a hypothetical federal acquisition manager into the assessment of risks and benefits of emerging photovoltaic materials. Specifically, we compare adoption of copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) devices with molybdenum back contacts to alternative devices employing graphite or graphene instead of molybdenum. LCA impact results are interpreted alongside benefits of substitution including cost reductions and performance improvements through application of multi-attribute utility theory. To assess the role of uncertainty we apply Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. We find that graphene or graphite back contacts outperform molybdenum under most scenarios and assumptions. The use of decision analysis clarifies potential advantages of adopting graphite as a back contact while emphasizing the importance of mitigating conventional impacts of graphene production processes if graphene is used in emerging CZTS devices. Our research further demonstrates that a combination of LCA and MCDA increases the usability of LCA in assessing product sustainability. In particular, this approach identifies the most influential assumptions and data gaps in the analysis and the areas in which either engineering controls or further data collection may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Scott
- Daniel J Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Environmental Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Concord, MA, USA
| | - Alison C Cullen
- Daniel J Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cate Fox-Lent
- Environmental Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Concord, MA, USA
| | - Igor Linkov
- Environmental Laboratory, Engineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Concord, MA, USA
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40
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Li N, Georas S, Alexis N, Fritz P, Xia T, Williams MA, Horner E, Nel A. A work group report on ultrafine particles (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology): Why ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles should receive special attention for possible adverse health outcomes in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:386-96. [PMID: 27130856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are airborne particulates of less than 100 nm in aerodynamic diameter. Examples of UFPs are diesel exhaust particles, products of cooking, heating, and wood burning in indoor environments, and, more recently, products generated through the use of nanotechnology. Studies have shown that ambient UFPs have detrimental effects on both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including a higher incidence of atherosclerosis and exacerbation rate of asthma. UFPs have been found to alter in vitro and in vivo responses of the immune system to allergens and can also play a role in allergen sensitization. The inflammatory properties of UFPs can be mediated by a number of different mechanisms, including the ability to produce reactive oxygen species, leading to the generation of proinflammatory cytokines and airway inflammation. In addition, because of their small size, UFPs also have unique distribution characteristics in the respiratory tree and circulation and might be able to alter cellular function in ways that circumvent normal signaling pathways. Additionally, UFPs can penetrate intracellularly and potentially cause DNA damage. The recent advances in nanotechnology, although opening up new opportunities for the advancement of technology and medicine, could also lead to unforeseen adverse health effects in exposed human subjects. Further research is needed to clarify the safety of nanoscale particles, as well as the elucidation of the possible beneficial use of these particulates to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pathology & Diagnostic Investigation, CVM, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.
| | - Steve Georas
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY
| | - Neil Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Marc A Williams
- US Army Public Health Command, Toxicology Portfolio, Health Effects Research Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Md
| | | | - Andre Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.
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Arvidsson R, Nguyen D, Svanström M. Life cycle assessment of cellulose nanofibrils production by mechanical treatment and two different pretreatment processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6881-90. [PMID: 25938258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is a bionanomaterial with many promising applications, but high energy use in production has been described as a potential obstacle for future use. In fact, life cycle assessment studies have indicated high life cycle energy use for nanocellulose. In this study, we assess the cradle-to-gate environmental impacts of three production routes for a particular type of nanocellulose called cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) made from wood pulp. The three production routes are (1) the enzymatic production route, which includes an enzymatic pretreatment, (2) the carboxymethylation route, which includes a carboxymethylation pretreatment, and (3) one route without pretreatment, here called the no pretreatment route. The results show that CNF produced via the carboxymethylation route clearly has the highest environmental impacts due to large use of solvents made from crude oil. The enzymatic and no pretreatment routes both have lower environmental impacts, of similar magnitude. A sensitivity analysis showed that the no pretreatment route was sensitive to the electricity mix, and the carboxymethylation route to solvent recovery. When comparing the results to those of other carbon nanomaterials, it was shown that in particular CNF produced via the enzymatic and no pretreatment routes had comparatively low environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Arvidsson
- †Division of Environmental Systems Analysis, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 6, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Duong Nguyen
- †Division of Environmental Systems Analysis, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 6, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Svanström
- ‡Chemical Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 4, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Salieri B, Pasteris A, Baumann J, Righi S, Köser J, D'Amato R, Mazzesi B, Filser J. Does the exposure mode to ENPs influence their toxicity to aquatic species? A case study with TiO2 nanoparticles and Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5050-5058. [PMID: 25567056 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) is dependent upon the treatment of ENPs in suspensions (e.g. sonication or use of solvents) and on the mode of exposure to test organisms. We conducted several bioassays with Daphnia magna in order to determine how adverse effects of TiO2 nanoparticles (n-TiO2) are influenced by experimental set-up. Several treatments were applied, including three test media, several treatments of n-TiO2 suspensions (stirring, sonication) and different exposure modes (exposure duration and volume of test suspension). No adverse effects were observed when D. magna were exposed to 50 mL of suspension, regardless of TiO2 concentration (up to 250 mg/L) and exposure duration. Conversely, adverse effects were observed when D. magna were exposed to 2 mL of suspension for 96 h with a 50 % effect concentration EC50 values ranging from 32 mg/L to 82 mg/L. Test media had no significant influence on the outcome of all treatments. For a better mechanistic understanding of the experimental set-up at which adverse effects were observed, the particle size of n-TiO2 in the test media was characterized throughout the test duration. These measurements revealed a fast and strong agglomeration with a secondary particle size in the order of magnitude of micrometers. Our study describes how the effects of n-TiO2 on D .magna are influenced by the duration of exposure and volume of media, highlighting the need for standardization of experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Salieri
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, C.I.R.S.A., University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48120, Ravenna, Italy,
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Tolaymat T, El Badawy A, Sequeira R, Genaidy A. A system-of-systems approach as a broad and integrated paradigm for sustainable engineered nanomaterials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:595-607. [PMID: 25590540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a trans-disciplinary approach for the collective evaluation of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) benefits and risks. Currently, research studies are mostly focused on examining effects at individual endpoints with emphasis on ENM risk effects. Less research work is pursuing the integration needed to advance the science of sustainable ENMs. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to discuss the system-of-systems (SoS) approach as a broad and integrated paradigm to examine ENM benefits and risks to society, environment, and economy (SEE) within a sustainability context. The aims are focused on: (a) current approaches in the scientific literature and the need for a broad and integrated approach, (b) documentation of ENM SoS in terms of architecture and governing rules and practices within sustainability context, and (c) implementation plan for the road ahead. In essence, the SoS architecture is a communication vehicle offering the opportunity to track benefits and risks in an integrated fashion so as to understand the implications and make decisions about advancing the science of sustainable ENMs. In support of the SoS architecture, we propose using an analytic-based decision support system consisting of a knowledge base and analytic engine along the benefit and risk informatics routes in the SEE system to build sound decisions on what constitutes sustainable and unsustainable ENMs in spite of the existing uncertainties and knowledge gaps. The work presented herein is neither a systematic review nor a critical appraisal of the scientific literature. Rather, it is a position paper that largely expresses the views of the authors based on their expert opinion drawn from industrial and academic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabet Tolaymat
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Amro El Badawy
- Pegasus Technical Services Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Reynold Sequeira
- University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave., Cincinnati OH 45221, USA
| | - Ash Genaidy
- WorldTek Inc, 11884 Quarterhorse Ct, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA
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Malsch I, Subramanian V, Semenzin E, Hristozov D, Marcomini A. Supporting decision-making for sustainable nanotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-015-9539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Salieri B, Righi S, Pasteris A, Olsen SI. Freshwater ecotoxicity characterisation factor for metal oxide nanoparticles: a case study on titanium dioxide nanoparticle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:494-502. [PMID: 25461051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is widely applied in several industrial sectors to evaluate the environmental performance of processes, products and services. Recently, several reports and studies have emphasized the importance of LCA in the field of engineered nanomaterials. However, to date only a few LCA studies on nanotechnology have been carried out, and fewer still have assessed aspects relating to ecotoxicity. This is mainly due to the lack of knowledge in relation on human and environmental exposure and effect of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). This bottleneck is continued when performing Life Cycle Impact Assessment, where characterization models and consequently characterization factors (CFs) for ENPs are missing. This paper aims to provide the freshwater ecotoxicity CF for titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO₂). The USEtox model has been selected as a characterisation model. An adjusted multimedia fate model has been developed which accounts for nano-specific fate process descriptors (i.e. sedimentation, aggregation with suspended particle matter, etc.) to estimate the fate of nano-TiO₂ in freshwater. A literature survey of toxicity tests performed on freshwater organism representative of multiple trophic levels was conducted, including algae, crustaceans and fish in order to collect relevant EC₅₀ values. Then, the toxic effect of nano-TiO₂ was computed on the basis of the HC₅₀ value. Thus, following the principle of USEtox model and accounting for nano-specific descriptors a CF for the toxic impact of freshwater ecotoxicity of 0.28 PAFdaym(3)kg(-1) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Salieri
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Technology & Society Lab (TSL), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 ST. GALLEN, Switzerland; Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Serena Righi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pasteris
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Stig Irving Olsen
- Department of Management Engineering (DTU-MAN), Quantitative Sustainability Section (QSA), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Pourzahedi L, Eckelman MJ. Environmental life cycle assessment of nanosilver-enabled bandages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:361-8. [PMID: 25489789 DOI: 10.1021/es504655y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over 400 tons of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are produced annually, 30% of which are used in medical applications due to their antibacterial properties. The widespread use of AgNPs has implications over the entire life cycle of medical products, from production to disposal, including but not limited to environmental releases of nanomaterials themselves. Here a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment from nanoparticle synthesis to end-of-life incineration was performed for a commercially available nanosilver-enabled medical bandage. Emissions were linked to multiple categories of environmental impacts, making primary use of the TRACI 2.1 impact assessment method, with specific consideration of nanosilver releases relative to all other (non-nanosilver) emissions. Modeling results suggest that (1) environmental impacts of AgNP synthesis are dominated by upstream electricity production, with the exception of life cycle ecotoxicity where the largest contributor is mining wastes, (2) AgNPs are the largest contributor to impacts of the bandage for all impact categories considered despite low AgNP loading, and (3) impacts of bandage production are several times those bandage incineration, including nanosilver releases to the environment. These results can be used to prioritize research and policy measures in order to improve the overall ecotoxicity burdens of nanoenabled products under a life cycle framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pourzahedi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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49
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Wigger H, Zimmermann T, Pade C. Broadening our view on nanomaterials: highlighting potentials to contribute to a sustainable materials management in preliminary assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-014-9530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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50
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Royce SG, Mukherjee D, Cai T, Xu SS, Alexander JA, Mi Z, Calderon L, Mainelis G, Lee K, Lioy PJ, Tetley TD, Chung KF, Zhang J, Georgopoulos PG. Modeling Population Exposures to Silver Nanoparticles Present in Consumer Products. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 16:2724. [PMID: 25745354 PMCID: PMC4346165 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposures of the general population to manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) are expected to keep rising due to increasing use of MNPs in common consumer products (PEN 2014). The present study focuses on characterizing ambient and indoor population exposures to silver MNPs (nAg). For situations where detailed, case-specific exposure-related data are not available, as in the present study, a novel tiered modeling system, Prioritization/Ranking of Toxic Exposures with GIS (Geographic Information System) Extension (PRoTEGE), has been developed: it employs a product Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) approach coupled with basic human Life Stage Analysis (LSA) to characterize potential exposures to chemicals of current and emerging concern. The PRoTEGE system has been implemented for ambient and indoor environments, utilizing available MNP production, usage, and properties databases, along with laboratory measurements of potential personal exposures from consumer spray products containing nAg. Modeling of environmental and microenvironmental levels of MNPs employs Probabilistic Material Flow Analysis combined with product LCA to account for releases during manufacturing, transport, usage, disposal, etc. Human exposure and dose characterization further employs screening Microenvironmental Modeling and Intake Fraction methods combined with LSA for potentially exposed populations, to assess differences associated with gender, age, and demographics. Population distributions of intakes, estimated using the PRoTEGE framework, are consistent with published individual-based intake estimates, demonstrating that PRoTEGE is capable of capturing realistic exposure scenarios for the US population. Distributions of intakes are also used to calculate biologically-relevant population distributions of uptakes and target tissue doses through human airway dosimetry modeling that takes into account product MNP size distributions and age-relevant physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Royce
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Dwaipayan Mukherjee
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ting Cai
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shu S. Xu
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jocelyn A. Alexander
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Mi
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Leonardo Calderon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gediminas Mainelis
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - KiBum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Paul J. Lioy
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Teresa D. Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Panos G. Georgopoulos
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Corresponding Author: Tel: 848-445-0159; Fax: 732-445-0915;
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