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Zhang XY, Zhang YH, Guo YY, Luo Y, Xu SS, Lu X, Liang NN, Wu HY, Huang YC, Xu DX. Arsenic exposure causes decline in sperm motility accompanied by energy metabolism disorders in mouse testes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124060. [PMID: 38685555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a notorious environmental toxicant widely present in various natural environments. As exposure has been correlated with the decline in sperm motility. Yet, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Adult male C57 mice were given 0, 1, or 15 mg/L NaAsO2 for 10 weeks. The mature seminiferous tubules and sperm count were decreased in As-exposed mice. Sperm motility and several sperm motility parameters, including average path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), beat-cross frequency (BCF), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), were declined in As-exposed mice. RNA sequencing and transcriptomics analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. Untargeted metabolomics analyses indicated that energy metabolism was disrupted in As-exposed mouse testes. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were disturbed in As-exposed mouse testes. As-induced disruption of testicular glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation was further validated by RT-PCR and Western blotting. In conclusion, As exposure causes decline in sperm motility accompanied by energy metabolism disorders in mouse testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Hao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue-Yue Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xu
- Department of Public Health and General Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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France Štiglic A, Falnoga I, Briški AS, Žavbi M, Osredkar J, Skitek M, Marc J. Reference intervals of 24 trace elements in blood, plasma and erythrocytes for the Slovenian adult population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:946-957. [PMID: 38008765 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to establish the population- and laboratory-specific reference intervals (RIs) for the Slovenian adult population for 24 trace elements (TEs) in blood, plasma and erythrocytes and to evaluate the impact of gender, age, seafood consumption, smoking habits and amalgam fillings on TEs levels. METHODS TEs (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo, Li, Be, V, Cr, Ni, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Cs, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb and U) were determined in 192 a priori selected blood donors (107 women and 85 men, aged 18-65 years), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with the Octopole Reaction System. Participants filled out a questionnaire, and RIs were established according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for TEs. RESULTS Uniform RIs for non-essential and gender-specific for essential TEs in blood, plasma and erythrocytes were established. In our population, higher blood and plasma Cu, and erythrocyte Mn levels in women were found. In men, blood Zn, plasma Zn, Mn and Se, and erythrocyte Cu levels were higher. Zn levels were higher in 30-39 years age group. Pb and Sr increased with age. Smoking positively affected Cd, Pb, Cs and Rb; seafood consumption increased As, Hg and Zn; and amalgam increased Hg, Ag and Cu levels. CONCLUSIONS Essential TEs were inside recommended levels, and the non-essential ones were far below critical levels. Established RIs will provide an important foundation for clinical diagnostics, safety erythrocyte transfusions assessment, toxicology and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka France Štiglic
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Sešek Briški
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Žavbi
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milan Skitek
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Perrais M, Trächsel B, Lenglet S, Pruijm M, Ponte B, Vogt B, Augsburger M, Rousson V, Bochud M, Thomas A. Reference values for plasma and urine trace elements in a Swiss population-based cohort. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-1433. [PMID: 38641868 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trace elements (TEs) are ubiquitous. TE concentrations vary among individuals and countries, depending on factors such as living area, workplaces and diet. Deficit or excessive TEs concentrations have consequences on the proper functioning of human organism so their biomonitoring is important. The aim of this project was to provide reference values for TEs concentrations in the Swiss population. METHODS The 1,078 participants to the SKiPOGH cohort included in this study were aged 18-90 years. Their 24-h urine and/or plasma samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine 24 TEs concentrations: Ag, Al, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V and Zn. Statistical tests were performed to evaluate the influence of covariates (sex, age, BMI, smoking) on these results. Reference intervals for the Swiss adult population were also defined. RESULTS TEs concentrations were obtained for respectively 994 and 903 persons in plasma and urine matrices. It was possible to define percentiles of interest (P50 and P95) for almost all the TEs. Differences in TEs distribution between men and women were noticed in both matrices; age was also a cofactor. CONCLUSIONS This first Swiss biomonitoring of a large TEs-panel offers reference values in plasma and in urine for the Swiss population. The results obtained in this study were generally in line with clinical recommendations and comparable to levels reported in other population-based surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïwenn Perrais
- Unit of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, 658784 University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva , Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, 658784 University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva , Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Trächsel
- 569258 Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lenglet
- Unit of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, 658784 University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva , Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Menno Pruijm
- Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospitals and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Belen Ponte
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vogt
- 27252 University Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- Unit of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, 658784 University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva , Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Rousson
- 569258 Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- 569258 Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, 658784 University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva , Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty Unit of Toxicology, 658784 University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva , Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Moksnes MR, Hansen AF, Wolford BN, Thomas LF, Rasheed H, Simić A, Bhatta L, Brantsæter AL, Surakka I, Zhou W, Magnus P, Njølstad PR, Andreassen OA, Syversen T, Zheng J, Fritsche LG, Evans DM, Warrington NM, Nøst TH, Åsvold BO, Flaten TP, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Brumpton BM. A genome-wide association study provides insights into the genetic etiology of 57 essential and non-essential trace elements in humans. Commun Biol 2024; 7:432. [PMID: 38594418 PMCID: PMC11004147 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace elements are important for human health but may exert toxic or adverse effects. Mechanisms of uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are partly under genetic control but have not yet been extensively mapped. Here we report a comprehensive multi-element genome-wide association study of 57 essential and non-essential trace elements. We perform genome-wide association meta-analyses of 14 trace elements in up to 6564 Scandinavian whole blood samples, and genome-wide association studies of 43 trace elements in up to 2819 samples measured only in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). We identify 11 novel genetic loci associated with blood concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, manganese, selenium, and zinc in genome-wide association meta-analyses. In HUNT, several genome-wide significant loci are also indicated for other trace elements. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization, we find several indications of weak to moderate effects on health outcomes, the most precise being a weak harmful effect of increased zinc on prostate cancer. However, independent validation is needed. Our current understanding of trace element-associated genetic variants may help establish consequences of trace elements on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R Moksnes
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ailin F Hansen
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore-Bioinformatics Core Facility, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anica Simić
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laxmi Bhatta
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Syversen
- Department of Neuroscience, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Shanghai Digital Medicine Innovation Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M Evans
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Therese H Nøst
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Peder Flaten
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristen J Willer
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Zhou S, Wang H, Tang J, Wang H, Yan J. Simultaneous speciation analysis of arsenic and iodine in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:555-562. [PMID: 38091252 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-based method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four iodine species (i.e. iodate, 3-iodo-tyrosine, 3,5-diiodo-tyrosine, and iodide) and six arsenic species (i.e. arsenobetaine, arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenocholine, methylarsonic acid, and arsenate) in human urine. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Dionex IonPac As7 anion exchange column. The mobile phase was initiated with 0.5 mmol/L ammonium carbonate solution, followed by 50 mmol/L ammonium carbonate/100 mmol/L ammonium nitrate solution (with 4% methanol). The limits of quantification of the analytes ranged from 0.045 to 2.26 μg/L. At three spiked levels (10.0, 20.0, 50.0 μg/L), the average recoveries (%) ranged from 87.4 to 113.1%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD, %) ranged from 0.4 to 17.2%. The ratio of the sum of six arsenic species to the total arsenic measured by ICPMS ranged from 77.4 to 121.2%, and the ratio of the sum of the four iodine species to the total iodine ranged from 70.7 to 114.7%, indicating a good agreement between these two methods for both arsenic and iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Central Blood Station, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianbo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
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Husøy T, Caspersen IH, Thépaut E, Knutsen H, Haug LS, Andreassen M, Gkrillas A, Lindeman B, Thomsen C, Herzke D, Dirven H, Wojewodzic MW. Comparison of aggregated exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from diet and personal care products with concentrations in blood using a PBPK model - Results from the Norwegian biomonitoring study in EuroMix. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117341. [PMID: 37839534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large group of compounds that are water, stain, and oil repellent. Numerous sources contribute to the blood levels of PFAS in the European population. The main contributor for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is food, house dust, consumer products and personal care products (PCPs). OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present work is to calculate the dietary and dermal external exposure to PFOA, estimate the aggregated internal exposure from diet and PCPs using a PBPK model, and compare estimates with measured concentrations. METHODS Detailed information on diet and PCP use from the EuroMix study is combined with concentration data of PFOA in food and PCPs in a probabilistic exposure assessment. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) was further refined by incorporating a dermal exposure pathway, and changes in the kidney and faecal excretion. RESULTS The aggregated internal exposure using the PBPK model shows that the major contributor to the internal exposure is diet for both males and females. The estimated internal exposure of PFOA for the EuroMix population was in the same range but lower than the measured blood concentrations using the lower bound (LB) external exposure estimates, showing that the LB estimates are underestimations. For seven females the internal exposure of PFOA were higher from PCPs than from diet. CONCLUSION PCPs and diet contributed in the same range to the internal PFOA exposure for several women participating in EuroMix. This calls for additional studies on exposure to PFOA and possibly other PFAS from PCPs, especially for women. Overall, PBPK modelling was shown as valuable tool in understanding the sources of PFOA exposure and in guiding risk assessments and regulatory decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Husøy
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Centre for Sustainable Diets, Oslo, Norway.
| | - I H Caspersen
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Thépaut
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Knutsen
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Centre for Sustainable Diets, Oslo, Norway
| | - L S Haug
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Centre for Sustainable Diets, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Andreassen
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Gkrillas
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Lindeman
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Centre for Sustainable Diets, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Thomsen
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Centre for Sustainable Diets, Oslo, Norway
| | - D Herzke
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Dirven
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - M W Wojewodzic
- The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Centre for Sustainable Diets, Oslo, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Section for Molecular Epidemiology and Infections, Oslo, Norway
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Henjum S, Groufh-Jacobsen S, Aakre I, Gjengedal ELF, Langfjord MM, Heen E, Sele V, Andersson M. Thyroid function and urinary concentrations of iodine, selenium, and arsenic in vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians and pescatarians. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3329-3338. [PMID: 37592132 PMCID: PMC10611878 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Populations following a plant-based diet may be at particular risk of thyroid dysfunction due to low iodine and selenium intakes. The main purpose was to assess thyroid function and urinary concentration of iodine, selenium, and arsenic, in subjects following a vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, or pescatarian diet. METHODS In Norway, a country without mandatory dietary iodine fortification, 205 adults, following vegan (n = 115), lacto-ovo vegetarian (n = 55) and pescatarian diet (n = 35) were included. Thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and serum anti-TPO (S-anti-TPO) were measured in a venous blood sample and concentrations of iodine (UIC), creatinine (UCC), selenium, and arsenic were measured from single spot urine samples. RESULTS Subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 4.0 mU/L) was observed in 3% of subjects. The overall median (p25, p75) Tg was 17 (9, 30) µg/L and vegans had higher Tg compared to pescatarians. Vegans not consuming iodine-containing supplements (n = 43) had higher Tg, than supplement users (n = 72), 27 (11, 44) vs. 16 (8, 25) µg/L and higher fT4, 16 (15, 17) vs. 15 (14, 17) pmol/L, respectively. The overall median UIC was 57 (28, 130) µg/L, all dietary groups had median UIC below WHO thresholds. Median urinary selenium and arsenic concentration was 13 (6, 22) and 3 (2, 8) µg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was low and fT4 and fT3 were within the normal range for all dietary groups. Vegans had significantly increased Tg compared to pescatarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Henjum
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Kunnskapsveien 55, 2007 Kjeller, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Synne Groufh-Jacobsen
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Inger Aakre
- Department of Marine Toxicology, Institute of Marine Research, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elin Lovise Folven Gjengedal
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Mina Marthinsen Langfjord
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Espen Heen
- Institute of Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronika Sele
- Department of Marine Toxicology, Institute of Marine Research, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Andersson
- Nutrition Research Unit, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bi J, Song L, Wu M, Liu Q, Xu L, Fan G, Cao Z, Xiong C, Wang Y. Association of prenatal essential metal exposure with newborn mitochondrial DNA copy number: Results from a birth cohort study. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 122:108495. [PMID: 37926172 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance or deficiencies of essential metals can lead to oxidative stress, that can damage mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule. Knowledge on effects of exposure to essential metals and their mixture remains limited. We aimed to evaluate individual and joint associations of prenatal essential metals with neonatal mtDNA copy number. We recruited 746 mother-newborn pairs from a birth cohort study conducted in Wuhan City, China, and collected trimester-specific urine and cord blood samples. We measured the concentrations of seven urinary essential metals, include zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and measured cord blood mtDNA copy number using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We estimated the trimester-specific associations of individual essential metal concentrations with mtDNA copy number using a multiple informant model, and assessed their joint association using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. For individual essential metal, a doubling of maternal urinary Zn concentrations during the second trimester was associated with a 7.47% (95% CI: 1.17-14.17%) higher level of neonatal mtDNA copy number. For the essential metal mixture, one-unit increased in the WQS index of the essential metals mixture during the second trimester resulted in a 10.41% (95% CI: 3.04-18.30%) increase in neonatal mtDNA copy number. Our findings suggest that exposure to both Zn and essential metal mixture during the second trimester is associated with a higher neonatal mtDNA copy number. Further research should assess whether mtDNA copy number is associated with child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Bi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Luli Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaojie Fan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongqiang Cao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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9
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Li Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Wu M, Li C, Yang J, Wang L. Environmental concentrations of cadmium and zinc and associating metabolomics profile alternations in urine of pregnant women in the first trimester: A prospective cohort study in Taiyuan, North China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115611. [PMID: 37897977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
especially to pregnant women. In recent years, zinc (Zn) supplementation has attracted increasing attention among pregnant women. Thus, understanding the effects and interactions of Cd and Zn in pregnant women is critical. This study aimed to assess the urinary levels of Cd and Zn in pregnant women during early pregnancy, examine associated alterations in urine metabolomics, and identify potential metabolic biomarkers among distinct Cd and Zn groups. Urine samples from 185 pregnant women were collected, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect Cd and Zn contents. The women were then divided into four groups according to median contents of Cd and Zn. Alterations in the metabolite profile were assessed using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS). The results showed that the gravidity of pregnant women was closely related to urinary Cd levels and that the urinary Zn contents of pregnant women with morning sickness in the first trimester were lower than that of non-morning-sick pregnant women. A total of 51 metabolites exhibited significant differential expression in the high level of Cd and Zn (HCdHZn) compared with low level of Cd and Zn (LCdLZn), the diagnostic performance of these 51 metabolites were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and revealed that octadecylamine was a promising diagnostic indicator for evaluating the combined effects of Zn and Cd. Metabolomics analysis showed that the arginine and proline pathways were upregulated in HCdHZn compared with that in LCdLZn, suggesting a potential risk of obesity. Although higer levels of bovinic acid in HCdHZn vs. HCdLZn (high level of Cd and low level of Zn) indicated that Zn has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, excessive Zn may still cause harmful effect to the human health and should be supplemented with caution. The study findings may be valuable for potential risk ahissessment of the combined effects of Cd-Zn and their interactions in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Liuyuan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Meiqiong Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of prevention and health care, Shanxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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10
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Chen C, Zhang S, Yang T, Wang C, Han G. Associations between environmental heavy metals exposure and preserved ratio impaired spirometry in the U.S. adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108274-108287. [PMID: 37749472 PMCID: PMC10611825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We examined 9556 individuals aged 18 to 79 years who had information on spirometry testing and heavy metals and used multivariable logistic or linear regression to evaluate associations between serum levels of cadmium, lead, and mercury and PRISm and lung function in U.S. adults, which were conducted first in all participants, and then separately in never/former smokers and current smokers. The overall prevalence of PRISm was 7.02%. High levels of serum cadmium were significantly associated with PRISm in all individuals, no matter in never/former smokers (quartile 4 vs 1, the OR = 2.517, 95% CI = 1.376-4.604, p-trend = 0.0077) and current smokers (quartile 4 vs 1, the OR = 2.201, 95% CI = 1.265-3.830, p-trend = 0.0020). Serum lead and mercury were not significantly correlated with PRISm, regardless of smoking status. Serum cadmium was strongly correlated with lower FEV1/FVC, regardless of smoking status. Besides, serum cadmium was also significantly related to lower FVC % predicted in never/former smokers and lower FEV1% predicted in current smokers. Serum lead was strongly correlated with lower FVC % predicted and FEV1/FVC in all individuals and never/former smokers. And serum mercury was significantly associated with decrements in FVC % predicted in all individuals and current smokers. These findings demonstrate that serum cadmium is associated with a higher risk of PRISm and lower lung function, with the most significant effect on FEV1/FVC in particular. Our results also indicate that exposure to lead and mercury negatively affects lung function in never/former smokers and current smokers, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesInstitute of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunan Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesInstitute of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesInstitute of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesInstitute of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiling Han
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesInstitute of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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11
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Correia-Sá L, Fernandes VC, Maia ML, Pinto E, Norberto S, Almeida A, Santos C, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Domingues VF. Trace Elements in Portuguese Children: Urinary Levels and Exposure Predictors. TOXICS 2023; 11:767. [PMID: 37755777 PMCID: PMC10535189 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals during developmental stages can result in several adverse outcomes. In this study, the exposure of Portuguese children to Cu, Co, I, Mo, Mn, Ni, As, Sb, Cd, Pb, Sn and Tl was evaluated through the analysis of first morning urine through ICP-MS. Furthermore, we attempted to determine possible exposure predictors. The study sample consisted of 54% girls and 46% boys, with a median age of 10 years; 61% were overweight/obese and were put on a nutritionally oriented diet. For I, half of the population was probably in deficiency status. The median urinary concentrations (μg/L) were Cu 21.9, Mo 54.6, Co 0.76, Mn 2.1, Ni 4.74, As 37.9, Sb 0.09, Cd 0.29, Pb 0.94, Sn 0.45, Tl 0.39 and I 125.5. The region was a significant predictor for Cu, Co, Ni, As and Tl. Children living in an urban area had higher urinary levels, except for Co and Ni. Age was a significant predictor for Cu, I, Mo, Mn, Ni, Sb, Cd and Sn with urinary levels of these elements decreasing with age. No sex-related differences were observed. Diet and weight group were predictors for urinary Cu, Mn, Ni, Sb and As. Significant differences were observed between the diet/weight groups for Cu, Ni, Sb and As, with the healthy diet group presenting higher values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Correia-Sá
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Virgínia C. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Luz Maia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Edgar Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.)
- Departmento de Saúde Ambiental, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Santos
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
- Health Information and Decision Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
- Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
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12
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Weyde KVF, Winterton A, Surén P, Andersen GL, Vik T, Biele G, Knutsen HK, Thomsen C, Meltzer HM, Skogheim TS, Engel SM, Aase H, Villanger GD. Association between gestational levels of toxic metals and essential elements and cerebral palsy in children. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1124943. [PMID: 37662050 PMCID: PMC10470125 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1124943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood, but its causes are only partly known. Early-life exposure to toxic metals and inadequate or excess amounts of essential elements can adversely affect brain and nervous system development. However, little is still known about these as perinatal risk factors for CP. This study aims to investigate the associations between second trimester maternal blood levels of toxic metals, essential elements, and mixtures thereof, with CP diagnoses in children. Methods In a large, population-based prospective birth cohort (The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study), children with CP diagnoses were identified through The Norwegian Patient Registry and Cerebral Palsy Registry of Norway. One hundred forty-four children with CP and 1,082 controls were included. The relationship between maternal blood concentrations of five toxic metals and six essential elements and CP diagnoses were investigated using mixture approaches: elastic net with stability selection to identify important metals/elements in the mixture in relation to CP; then logistic regressions of the selected metals/elements to estimate odds ratio (OR) of CP and two-way interactions among metals/elements and with child sex and maternal education. Finally, the joint effects of the mixtures on CP diagnoses were estimated using quantile-based g-computation analyses. Results The essential elements manganese and copper, as well as the toxic metal Hg, were the most important in relation to CP. Elevated maternal levels of copper (OR = 1.40) and manganese (OR = 1.20) were associated with increased risk of CP, while Hg levels were, counterintuitively, inversely related to CP. Metal/element interactions that were associated with CP were observed, and that sex and maternal education influenced the relationships between metals/elements and CP. In the joint mixture approach no significant association between the mixture of metals/elements and CP (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = [0.67, 1.50]) was identified. Conclusion Using mixture approaches, elevated levels of copper and manganese measured in maternal blood during the second trimester could be related to increased risk of CP in children. The inverse associations between maternal Hg and CP could reflect Hg as a marker of maternal fish intake and thus nutrients beneficial for foetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Vegard F. Weyde
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adriano Winterton
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Surén
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro L. Andersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Vik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guido Biele
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle K. Knutsen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle M. Meltzer
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea S. Skogheim
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heidi Aase
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro D. Villanger
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Lordan R, Zabetakis I. Cadmium: A Focus on the Brown Crab ( Cancer pagurus) Industry and Potential Human Health Risks. TOXICS 2022; 10:591. [PMID: 36287871 PMCID: PMC9609339 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a major health risk globally and is usually associated with pollution and anthropogenic activity. The presence of cadmium in food is monitored to ensure that the health and safety of consumers are maintained. Cadmium is ubiquitous in the Asian and Western diets, with the highest levels present in grains, leafy greens, and shellfish. As part of their natural lifecycle of moulting and shell renewal, all crustaceans-including the brown crab (Cancer pagurus)-bioaccumulate cadmium from their environment in their hepatopancreas. The brown crab is an important species to the crab-fishing industries of many European countries, including Ireland. However, the industry has come under scrutiny in Europe due to the presence of cadmium in the brown crab meat intended for live export to Asia. This review explores evidence regarding the effects of cadmium consumption on human health, with a focus on the brown crab. Differences in cadmium surveillance have given rise to issues in the crab industry, with economic consequences for multiple countries. Currently, evidence suggests that brown crab consumption is safe for humans in moderation, but individuals who consume diets characterised by high levels of cadmium from multiple food groups should be mindful of their dietary choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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14
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Champion WM, Buerck AM, Nenninger C, Yusuf K, Barrett LJP, Rakotoarisoa L, Rakotondrazaka R, Alfredo K, Cunningham J, Khaliq M, Mihelcic JR. Childhood blood lead levels and environmental risk factors in Madagascar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68652-68665. [PMID: 35545747 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One-third of children globally have blood lead levels (BLLs) exceeding the (former) US CDC reference value of 5 µg/dL; this value may be as high as one-half for children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Lead exposure occurs through a variety of routes (e.g., water, dust, air), and in LMICs specifically, informal economies (e.g., battery recycling) can drive lead exposures due, in part, to absent regulation. Previous work by our team identified a ubiquitous source of lead (Pb), in the form of Pb-containing components used in manually operated pumps, in Toamasina, Madagascar. Characterization of BLLs of children exposed to this drinking water, and identification of additional exposure routes were needed. BLLs were measured for 362 children (aged 6 months to 6 years) in parallel with surveying to assess 14 risk factors related to demographics/socioeconomics, diet, use of pitcher pumps, and parental occupations. BLL data were also compared against a recent meta-review of BLLs for LMICs. Median childhood BLL (7.1 µg/dL) was consistent with those of other Sub-Saharan African LMICs (6.8 µg/dL) and generally higher than LMICs in other continents. Risk factors significantly associated (p < 0.05, univariate logistic regression) with elevated BLL (at ≥ 5 µg/dL) included male gender, living near a railway or major roadway (owing potentially to legacy lead pollution), having lower-cost flooring, daily consumption of foods (beans, vegetables, rice) commonly cooked in recycled aluminum pots (a previously identified lead source for this community), and a maternal occupation (laundry-person) associated with lower socioeconomic status (SES). Findings were similar at the ≥ 10 µg/dL BLL status. Our methods and findings may be appropriate in identifying and reducing lead exposures for children in other urbanizing cities, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where lead exposure routes are complex and varied owing to informal economics and substantial legacy pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt M Champion
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., ENG 030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Adaline M Buerck
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., ENG 030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Christopher Nenninger
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., ENG 030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Korede Yusuf
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, One South Ave., Garden City, NY, 11530, USA
| | | | | | | | - Katherine Alfredo
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., ENG 030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cunningham
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., ENG 030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Mahmooda Khaliq
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 56, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - James R Mihelcic
- College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., ENG 030, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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15
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Guo X, Jiang S, Xu J, Tian Y, Ouyang F, Yu X, Liu J, Yan C, Zhang J. Effects of single and combined exposure to lead and stress during pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 56:101124. [PMID: 35753194 PMCID: PMC9243049 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess associations of single and combined exposures to lead and stress during different stages of pregnancy with offspring neurodevelopment. Methods We measured prenatal lead (maternal blood-lead in early-pregnancy and umbilical-cord-blood-lead) and maternal stress levels in Shanghai-Birth-Cohort from 2013 to 2016. Maternal stress was assessed using Center-for-Epidemiological-Studies-Depression-Scale and Self-Rating-Anxiety-Scale during mid-pregnancy. The Ages-Stages-Questionnaires-3 (at 6/12-months-of-age) and Bayley-III (at 24-months-of-age) were both used to assess neurodevelopment. Results A total of 2132 mother-child pairs with both prenatal lead and stress measurements were included. The geometric-means of blood-lead in early-pregnancy and cord-blood-lead were 1.46 μg/dL and 1.33 μg/dL, respectively. Among the study women, 1.89 % and 0.14 % were screened positive for depression and anxiety. Adjusting for related confounders, the combined exposures had stronger adverse associations with offspring social-emotional skills than single exposures; and the combined exposure in early-pregnancy was associated with greater neurodevelopmental differences than combined exposure around-birth, especially in social-emotion at 24 months-of-age [β (95 %CI): − 10.48(−17.42, −3.54) vs. − 5.95(−11.53, −0.36)]. Conclusions Both single and combined prenatal exposures to lead/stress impaired infant neuro-development, and the effects of combined exposure may be more profound than single exposures. Combined exposure in early-pregnancy may be associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes than combined exposure around-birth, especially in social-emotional development. Effects of prenatal single and combined exposure to lead and stress were investigated using a large-scale birth cohort. The overall levels of prenatal exposures to lead/stress were relatively low in the Shanghai study women. Adverse effects of prenatal combined exposure on offspring neurodevelopment may be more profound than single exposure. The impaired neurodevelopment domains in the offspring mainly include social-emotional development. Higher levels of impairments were induced when the combined exposure occurred in an earlier stage of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Guo
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shiwei Jiang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Xu
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Bartel-Steinbach M, Lermen D, Gwinner F, Schäfer M, Göen T, Conrad A, Weber T, von Briesen H, Kolossa-Gehring M. Long-term monitoring of mercury in young German adults: Time trend analyses from the German Environmental Specimen Bank, 1995-2018. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112592. [PMID: 34973943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As highlighted in the Minamata Convention, Mercury (Hg) in its various forms poses a substantial risk to human health and the environment. The health relevance of Hg is also recognized by the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU), which classifies Hg as a priority substance, since considerable knowledge and data gaps on Hg exposure levels and their changes over time still exist in Europe. The German Environmental Specimen Bank (German ESB) provides valuable policy relevant data and long-term trends of substance exposure on a national level for international comparison and evaluation. In this study we analysed data of the German ESB on Hg exposure of young adults aged 20 to 29 including data on urinary Hg levels from 1995 to 2018 and whole blood Hg levels from 2001 to 2010. Results show a clear decrease in both, about 86% in urine total daily Hg excretion from 1995 (0.76 μg/L) to 2018 (0.11 μg/L) (n = 10,069) and about 57% in blood concentrations of Hg from 2001 (1.76 μg/L) to 2010 (0.77 μg/L) (n = 4085). Over the investigated timeframe only a few values exceeded the toxicologically derived health based guidance value HBM I for blood and urine, with these exceedances decreasing over time in line with the general trend. The factors mostly influencing Hg excretion identified in this study are dental amalgam as well as fish and seafood consumption. Besides other factors (e.g. age and sex), also airborne Hg exposure appears to be a low but evident influencing factor in Germany. Although a considerable decrease in internal Hg exposure is recognized in the last decades, the current low-level exposure may cause adverse health effects especially to vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and children. To further elucidate and evaluate current exposure sources and to reduce human exposure to Hg, continuous environmental and human biomonitoring is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Lermen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Frederik Gwinner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Moritz Schäfer
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Conrad
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Sulzbach, Germany
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17
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Hahn D, Vogel N, Höra C, Kämpfe A, Schmied-Tobies M, Göen T, Greiner A, Aigner A, Kolossa-Gehring M. The role of dietary factors on blood lead concentration in children and adolescents - Results from the nationally representative German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118699. [PMID: 34929210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In industrialized nations, human lead exposure has decreased significantly in recent decades. Nevertheless, due to its toxic effects, this heavy metal remains a public health concern with children and adolescents being particularly at risk. In Europe nowadays, oral intake via food and drinking water is the predominant exposure pathway for lead. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between dietary factors and blood lead (PbB) level of 3- to 17-year-old children and adolescents living in Germany, using data from the fifth German Environmental Health Survey (GerES V) and the Child and Adolescent Health Survey (KiGGS Wave 2). GerES V and KiGGS Wave 2 are two national population-representative studies conducted between 2014 and 2017, including measurement of lead concentrations in blood from 720 children and adolescents aged 3-17 years (mean age = 10.21, SD age = 4.36). Using multiple linear regression, sociodemographic and environmental characteristics as well as dietary factors could be identified as significant exposure determinants of PbB concentrations. Lead intake via domestic tap water was the strongest predictor of elevated PbB levels with 27.6% (p-value< .001) higher concentrations of highest compared to none lead intake via tap water. Other foods which were found to be relevant to PbB levels were meat, fruit, and fruit juice. While meat or fruit consumption were each associated with about 13% (p-value < .05) lower PbB levels, fruit juice drinking was associated with up to 12.2% (p-value = .04) higher PbB levels. In conclusion, results indicate the importance of dietary habits for lead exposure in children and adolescents. To protect vulnerable groups, it is recommended that future research and lead-reducing measures pay more attention to dietary links.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Vogel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Annette Greiner
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Annette Aigner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Introduction. Along with and in competition with orthodox medicines, herbal medicines have converted into a popular form of cure. While cumulative investigation reports on adverse effects by herbal drug uptake are few, systematic review along with deep insight into other relevant topics (carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessment, mechanism of toxicity, and entering toxic metal from source to herbal drug) is sporadic. Methods. Therefore, existing research and their published outputs pointing safety assessment of herbal medicines in terms of toxic metals have been reviewed systematically and information synthesized thematically while suggesting mechanism of toxicity, consequence of prolong exposure, and pathway of toxic metal from source to herbal drugs. Result and Discussion. Our study suggests that most of the herbal medicines were unsafe to consume although claimed harmless. Possible pathways regarding migration of toxic metals into herbal medicine are discussed. Conclusion. There should have appropriate screening from herb collection, and manufacturing to selling of finished herbal medicine by authority concerned is backed.
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Understanding the Role of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Stress in the Association between Proximity to the World Trade Center Disaster and Birth Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042008. [PMID: 35206202 PMCID: PMC8871981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth is affected by exposure to both prenatal stress and environmental contaminants. The attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) resulted in exposure to chemicals and psychological stress amongst New York City residents. We measured prenatal maternal stress and exposure to persistent organic pollutants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)) in 108 participants from a Columbia University WTC birth cohort. Principal component (PC) analyses were conducted to characterize the mixture of exposure to the three groups of chemicals. We evaluated the associations between geographical exposures (proximity to the WTC disaster) and both chemical exposures (PCs) and stress (demoralization). We then evaluated the effect these exposures (PCs and stress) had on previously reported associations between geographical WTC exposure and birth outcomes (birth weight and birth length) in this study population to understand their individual roles in the observed associations. Geographical exposure via proximity to the WTC was associated with the PC reflecting higher PCDD exposure (PC3) (β = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.18 for living/working within 2 miles of the WTC; and β = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.08, 1.38 for living within 2 miles of WTC). Previously reported reductions in birth weight and length associated with WTC proximity (β = −215.2, 95% CI: −416.2, −14.3 and β = −1.47, 95% CI: −2.6, −0.34, respectively) were attenuated and no longer significant for birth weight (β = −156.4, 95% CI: −358.2, 45.4) after adjusting for PC3, suggesting that PCDDs may act as partial mediators in this previously observed association. The results of this study can help focus future research on the long-term health effects of these prenatally exposed populations.
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Simić A, Hansen AF, Syversen T, Lierhagen S, Ciesielski TM, Romundstad PR, Midthjell K, Åsvold BO, Flaten TP. Trace elements in whole blood in the general population in Trøndelag County, Norway: The HUNT3 Survey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150875. [PMID: 34634345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomonitoring of a cohort within a large health survey can provide reliable information on trace element status. The main aims of this study were 1) to determine the concentrations of 28 trace elements in whole blood samples from the general population of the Nord-Trøndelag region, Norway, and 2) to investigate how trace element concentrations vary with geographical area, lifestyle, and socio-demographic factors. METHODS Whole blood samples were collected in the third survey of the Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT3), a large population-based study in Norway. In total, 1011 whole blood samples from individuals aged 20-91 years were analyzed using high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). We compared trace element concentrations (As, B, Be, Br, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Au, In, Fe, Pb, Hg, Tl, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sc, Se, Ag, Sr, Sn, W and Zn) between three geographical areas (coastal, fjord/town, inland/mountain) using multivariable linear regression and assessed differences in trace element concentrations with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors using general linear models. RESULTS Trace element concentrations were generally comparable to levels reported in other recent studies and suggest low exposure to toxic trace elements in the region. We found geographical differences in concentrations of 19 trace elements. As, Br, Hg, and Se concentrations were higher on the coast compared to the fjord/town and inland/mountain areas, suggesting that the marine environment is an important source of exposure for these trace elements. In addition, socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, particularly age and sex, were associated with differences in trace element concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We report concentrations of 28 trace elements in the general population of a rural region with low exposure to pollution. Whole blood concentrations of trace elements varied with geographical area, the participants' lifestyle, and socio-demographic characteristics, highlighting the importance of considering these factors when evaluating trace element status in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Simić
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ailin Falkmo Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tore Syversen
- Department of Neuroscience, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Syverin Lierhagen
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Pål Richard Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Midthjell
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Peder Flaten
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Lozano M, Murcia M, Soler-Blasco R, Casas M, Zubero B, Riutort-Mayol G, Gil F, Olmedo P, Grimalt JO, Amorós R, Lertxundi A, Vrijheid M, Ballester F, Llop S. Exposure to metals and metalloids among pregnant women from Spain: Levels and associated factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131809. [PMID: 34388877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are regularly exposed to metals and metalloids present in air, water, food, soil and domestic materials. Most of them can cross the placental barrier and cause adverse impacts on the developing foetus. OBJECTIVES To describe the prenatal concentrations of metals and metalloids and to study the associated sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors in pregnant Spanish women. METHODS Subjects were 1346 pregnant women of the INMA Project, for whom the following metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn) were determined in urine, at both the first and the third trimesters of gestation. Sociodemographic, dietary and environmental information was collected through questionnaires during pregnancy. Multiple linear mixed models were built in order to study the association between each metal and metalloid concentrations and the sociodemographic, environmental and dietary factors. RESULTS The most detected compounds were As, Co, Mo, Sb, Se and Zn at both trimesters. Zn was the element found in the highest concentrations at both trimesters and Tl was detected in the lowest concentrations. We observed significant associations between As, Cd, Cu, Sb, Tl and Zn concentrations and working situation, social class and age. Seafood, meat, fruits, nuts, vegetables and alcohol intake affected the levels of all the metals but Cd and Cu. Proximity to industrial areas, fields and air pollution were related to all metals except Cd, Sb and Se. CONCLUSIONS This is the first large prospective longitudinal study on the exposure to metals and metalloids during pregnancy and associated factors to include several cohorts in Spain. The present study shows that some modifiable lifestyles, food intakes and environmental factors could be associated with prenatal exposure to metal(loid)s, which may be considered in further studies to assess their relationship with neonatal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lozano
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Análisis de Sistemas de Información Sanitaria, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Soler-Blasco
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begotxu Zubero
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Gabriel Riutort-Mayol
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rubén Amorós
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Weyde KVF, Olsen AK, Duale N, Kamstra JH, Skogheim TS, Caspersen IH, Engel SM, Biele G, Xia Y, Meltzer HM, Aase H, Villanger GD. Gestational blood levels of toxic metal and essential element mixtures and associations with global DNA methylation in pregnant women and their infants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147621. [PMID: 34000534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women and their fetuses are exposed to multiple toxic metals that together with variations in essential element levels may alter epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between gestational levels of toxic metals and essential elements and mixtures thereof, with global DNA methylation levels in pregnant women and their newborn children. METHODS Using 631 mother-child pairs from a prospective birth cohort (The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study), we measured maternal blood concentration (gestation week ~18) of five toxic metals and seven essential elements. We investigated associations as individual exposures and two-way interactions, using elastic net regression, and total mixture, using quantile g-computation, with blood levels of 5-methylcytocine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mothers during pregnancy and their newborn children (cord blood). Multiple testing was adjusted for using the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) approach. RESULTS The most sensitive marker of DNA methylation appeared to be 5mC levels. In pregnant mothers, elastic net regression indicated associations between 5mC and selenium and lead (non-linear), while in newborns results indicated relationships between maternal selenium, cobalt (non-linear) and mercury and 5mC, as well as copper (non-linear) and 5hmC levels. Several possible two-way interactions were identified (e.g. arsenic and mercury, and selenium and maternal smoking in newborns). None of these findings met the FDR threshold for multiple testing. No net effect was observed in the joint (mixture) exposure-approach using quantile g-computation. CONCLUSION We identified few associations between gestational levels of several toxic metals and essential elements and global DNA methylation in pregnant mothers and their newborn children. As DNA methylation dysregulation might be a key mechanism in disease development and thus of high importance for public health, our results should be considered as important candidates to investigate in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stephanie M Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Guido Biele
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Heidi Aase
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Tammone A, Caselli AE, Condorí WE, Fernandez V, Estein SM, Vanstreels RET, Sosa C, Delaloye A, Uhart MM. Lead exposure in consumers of culled invasive alien mammals in El Palmar National Park, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42432-42443. [PMID: 33813701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of meat from animals hunted with Pb ammunition can cause toxic accumulation with consequent health risks, even if relatively small amounts are consumed in each exposure. In El Palmar National Park, Argentina, invasive alien mammals, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and axis deer (Axis axis), are culled with Pb ammunition and their meat is consumed. In this study, we evaluated blood Pb concentrations in 58 consumers of culled game and examined Pb exposure risk according to their demographics, duty, and consumption habits. Likewise, the likelihood of exposure was evaluated by quantifying Pb concentrations in meat samples of seven culled axis deer. Twenty-seven participants (46%) had detectable blood Pb levels (limit of detection = 3.3 μg/dL), with an average 4.75 ± 1.35 μg/dL (geometric mean ± geometric S.D.); the average for all participants was 3.25 ± 1.51 μg/dL. Blood Pb concentrations were significantly higher in hunters, in participants who reported consuming game meat more than 5 times per week, and in participants who reported frequently consuming cured game meat (compared to cooked or pickled). Pb concentration varied significantly along the trajectory of the bullet in deer muscle, being highest at mid-point but with detectable Pb levels even in distant tissue samples (control), suggesting potential for dietary intake by consumers. These findings provide evidence of Pb exposure risk in consumers and emphasize the relevance of replacing Pb ammunition with non-toxic alternatives. This change would reduce dietary exposure in frequent consumers and allow the use of game meat as safe food for people whilst eliminating collateral risks to wild animals and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Tammone
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CONICET-CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Elsa Caselli
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Ezequiel Condorí
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CONICET-CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valentina Fernandez
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marcela Estein
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CONICET-CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos (IPRAM), Cariacica, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cristian Sosa
- Parque Nacional El Palmar, Administración Nacional de Parques Nacionales Argentina, Ubajay, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Aldo Delaloye
- Parque Nacional El Palmar, Administración Nacional de Parques Nacionales Argentina, Ubajay, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Marcela María Uhart
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Yao W, Ba Q, Wang H. Effects of Cadmium Exposure on the Immune System and Immunoregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:695484. [PMID: 34354707 PMCID: PMC8330548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a biologically non-essential heavy metal, is widespread in the environment, including the air, water, and soil, and is widely present in foods and quantum dot preparations. Cd enters the body primarily through inhalation and ingestion. Its biological half-life in humans is 10-35 years; therefore, Cd poses long-term health risks. While most studies on Cd toxicity have focused on organ and tissue damage, the immunotoxicity of Cd has drawn increasing attention recently. Cd accumulates in immune cells, modulates the function of the immune system, triggers immunological responses, and leads to diverse health problems. Cd acts as an immunotoxic agent by regulating the activity and apoptosis of immune cells, altering the secretion of immune cytokines, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, changing the frequency of T lymphocyte subsets, and altering the production of selective antibodies in immune cells. This review summarizes the immunological toxicity of Cd, elucidates the mechanisms underlying Cd toxicity in terms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity, and discusses potential strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of Cd on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tao C, Li Z, Fan Y, Li X, Qian H, Yu H, Xu Q, Lu C. Independent and combined associations of urinary heavy metals exposure and serum sex hormones among adults in NHANES 2013-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 281:117097. [PMID: 33878511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicated that heavy metals may disrupt human sex hormones. However, the combined effects of heavy metals on sex hormones remain to be clarified. To explore the independent and combined associations between heavy metal exposure and serum sex hormones among adults, data of 2728 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was applied. We examined independent and combined associations of fourteen urinary heavy metals and three serum sex steroid hormones (total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)). Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent associations between metal exposure and sex hormone alterations. Principle component analysis -weighted quantile sum regression (PCA-WQSR) model was performed to estimate the combined associations in our individuals. In the co-exposure model, we determined that weighted quantile sum (WQS) index of industrial pollutants was negatively associated with E2 in females (WQS Percent change8-metal = -20.6%; 95% CI: -30.1%, -9.96%), while in males WQS index of water pollutants was negatively related to SHBG (WQS Percent change8-metal = -5.35%; 95% CI: -9.88%, -0.598%). Cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) were the dominating metals of female E2-negative association while Ba was the leading contributor related to male SHBG reduction, which was consistent with the results of multivariate linear regression. Additionally, in postmenopausal women, the associations of E2 decrease with heavy metal co-exposure remained significant while Cd and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) were identified as hazardous metals in the mixture. We concluded that the exposure to heavy metals was associated with human sex hormone alterations in independent or combined manners. Considering the design of NHANES study, further studies from other national-representative surveys are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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El-Ghiaty MA, El-Kadi AO. Arsenic: Various species with different effects on cytochrome P450 regulation in humans. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1184-1242. [PMID: 34512225 PMCID: PMC8419240 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is well-recognized as one of the most hazardous elements which is characterized by its omnipresence throughout the environment in various chemical forms. From the simple inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) and arsenate (iAsV) molecules, a multitude of more complex organic species are biologically produced through a process of metabolic transformation with biomethylation being the core of this process. Because of their differential toxicity, speciation of arsenic-based compounds is necessary for assessing health risks posed by exposure to individual species or co-exposure to several species. In this regard, exposure assessment is another pivotal factor that includes identification of the potential sources as well as routes of exposure. Identification of arsenic impact on different physiological organ systems, through understanding its behavior in the human body that leads to homeostatic derangements, is the key for developing strategies to mitigate its toxicity. Metabolic machinery is one of the sophisticated body systems targeted by arsenic. The prominent role of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the metabolism of both endobiotics and xenobiotics necessitates paying a great deal of attention to the possible effects of arsenic compounds on this superfamily of enzymes. Here we highlight the toxicologically relevant arsenic species with a detailed description of the different environmental sources as well as the possible routes of human exposure to these species. We also summarize the reported findings of experimental investigations evaluating the influence of various arsenicals on different members of CYP superfamily using human-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O.S. El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Syversen T, Evje L, Wolf S, Flaten TP, Lierhagen S, Simic A. Trace Elements in the Large Population-Based HUNT3 Survey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2467-2474. [PMID: 32897510 PMCID: PMC8213573 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (The HUNT Study) is a large health survey population study in the county of Trøndelag, Norway. The survey has been repeated four times in about 10-year intervals. In the HUNT3 survey (2006-2008), we collected 28,000 samples for trace element analysis. Blood samples from 758 healthy persons without known occupational exposure were selected for multielement analysis of a small sample of blood (0.25 mL). The aim of the study was to determine the minimum blood volume that can be used for the analytical procedure and to compare our results with previously published results of similar surveys in healthy populations. Samples were digested and the concentration of selected trace elements was determined by ICP-MS. We report results on essential elements (B, Co, Cu, Mn, Se and Zn) as well as non-essential elements (As, Be, Br, Cd, Cs, In, La, Pb, Hg, Nd, Ni, Nb, Pd, Pt, Sm, Ta and Sn). Results are similar to previous studies on the HUNT3 population, and with a few exceptions, our data compares very well with results obtained in recent studies from other countries. We wanted to test a minimum volume of blood in a large-scale analytical program. For a number of nonessential elements, our results were below the limit of detection. We suggest that future studies using similar ICP-MS equipment as analytical tool should use at least 0.5 mL of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Syversen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Evje
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Present Address: Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Susann Wolf
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Present Address: National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Peder Flaten
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Syverin Lierhagen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anica Simic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Skogheim TS, Weyde KVF, Engel SM, Aase H, Surén P, Øie MG, Biele G, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Caspersen IH, Hornig M, Haug LS, Villanger GD. Metal and essential element concentrations during pregnancy and associations with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106468. [PMID: 33765546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to toxic metals or variations in maternal levels of essential elements during pregnancy may be a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether maternal levels of toxic metals and essential elements measured in mid-pregnancy, individually and as mixtures, were associated with childhood diagnosis of ADHD or ASD. METHODS This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and included 705 ADHD cases, 397 ASD cases and 1034 controls. Cases were identified through linkage with the Norwegian Patient Registry. Maternal concentrations of 11 metals/elements were measured in blood at week 17 of gestation; cadmium; cesium; cobalt; copper; lead; magnesium; manganese; selenium; zinc; total arsenic; and total mercury. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between quartile levels of individual metals/elements and outcomes. We also investigated non-linear associations using restricted cubic spline models. The joint effects of the metal/element mixture on ASD and ADHD diagnoses were estimated using a quantile-based g-computation approach. RESULTS For ASD, we identified positive associations (increased risks) in the second quartile of arsenic [OR = 1.77 (CI: 1.26, 2.49)] and the fourth quartiles of cadmium and manganese [OR = 1.57 (CI: 1.07 2.31); OR = 1.84 (CI: 1.30, 2.59)], respectively. In addition, there were negative associations between cesium, copper, mercury, and zinc and ASD. For ADHD, we found increased risk in the fourth quartiles of cadmium and magnesium [OR = 1.59 (CI: 1.15, 2.18); [OR = 1.42 (CI: 1.06, 1.91)]. There were also some negative associations, among others with mercury. In addition, we identified non-linear associations between ASD and arsenic, mercury, magnesium, and lead, and between ADHD and arsenic, copper, manganese, and mercury. There were no significant findings in the mixture approach analyses. CONCLUSION Results from the present study show several associations between levels of metals and elements during gestation and ASD and ADHD in children. The most notable ones involved arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, manganese, magnesium, and lead. Our results suggest that even population levels of these compounds may have negative impacts on neurodevelopment. As we observed mainly similarities among the metals' and elements' impact on ASD and ADHD, it could be that the two disorders share some neurochemical and neurodevelopmental pathways. The results warrant further investigation and replication, as well as studies of combined effects of metals/elements and mechanistic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea S Skogheim
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjell Vegard F Weyde
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
| | - Heidi Aase
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Surén
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete G Øie
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Guido Biele
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida H Caspersen
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, Rm. 736, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Line S Haug
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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Sobolev N, Ellingsen DG, Belova N, Aksenov A, Sorokina T, Trofimova A, Varakina Y, Kotsur D, Grjibovski AM, Chashchin V, Bogolitsyn K, Thomassen Y. Essential and non-essential elements in biological samples of inhabitants residing in Nenets Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Arctic. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106510. [PMID: 33756428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of Arctic residents to environmental pollutants is an emerging public health problem receiving little global attention. The objective of this study was to assess whole blood concentrations of nine selected essential (Co, Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) elements among Nenets and non-Nenets adult residents of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) living in seven coastal and inland settlements. Urine was collected in two settlements for assessment of iodine status. Altogether 297 whole blood and 68 urine samples were analysed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry and the accuracy of the measurements was assessed by use of human whole blood and urine quality control materials. Several essential and non-essential showed significant variations in whole blood concentrations characterized by gender, population group and locality. Cd levels among non-Nenets non-smokers (0.19 µg/L) indicated a dietary intake at a natural global background level. Hg concentrations in whole blood show that not more than 10% of women in the fertile age had a Hg intake above the EFAS's recommendation. The Pb concentrations were in the range of, or partly exceeding reference values for increased risk of nephrotoxicity, and there is a need for a continued effort to reduce Pb exposure among the population groups in NAO. With high prevalence of obesity among the Nenets and non-Nenets population, a high prevalence of Fe-deficiency among menstruating women (<50 years) (37.2%) and a lower I status than recommended by WHO, these nutritional dependent components deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sobolev
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia.
| | - Dag G Ellingsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, N-0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalia Belova
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Northern State Medical University, Troitskiy Ave. 51, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Aksenov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sorokina
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Anna Trofimova
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Varakina
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Kotsur
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Andrej M Grjibovski
- Northern State Medical University, Troitskiy Ave. 51, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030019, Kazakhstan
| | - Valerii Chashchin
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Kirochnaya ul. 41, 191015 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Ecology, HSE University, Myasnitskaya str. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Bogolitsyn
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 23, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Yngvar Thomassen
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, N-0363 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Ecology, HSE University, Myasnitskaya str. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
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Naderi M, Puar P, Zonouzi-Marand M, Chivers DP, Niyogi S, Kwong RWM. A comprehensive review on the neuropathophysiology of selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144329. [PMID: 33445002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, selenium (Se) exerts its biological function as a catalytic entity in a variety of enzymes. From a toxicological perspective, however, Se can become extremely toxic at concentrations slightly above its nutritional levels. Over the last few decades, there has been a growing level of concern worldwide regarding the adverse effects of both inorganic and organic Se compounds on a broad spectrum of neurological functions. A wealth of evidence has shown that exposure to excess Se may compromise the normal functioning of various key proteins, neurotransmitter systems (the glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems), and signaling molecules involved in the control and regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and neuroendocrine functions. Elevated Se exposure has also been suspected to be a risk factor for the development of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Nonetheless, despite the various deleterious effects of excess Se on the central nervous system (CNS), Se neurotoxicity and negative behavioral outcomes are still disregarded at the expense of its beneficial health effects. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of Se and discusses its potential mode of action on different aspects of the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review also provides a brief history of Se discovery and uses, its physicochemical properties, biological roles in the CNS, environmental occurrence, and toxicity. We also review potential links between exposure to different forms of Se compounds and aberrant neurobehavioral functions in humans and animals, and identify key knowledge gaps and hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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Vitali M, Castellani F, Fragassi G, Mascitelli A, Martellucci C, Diletti G, Scamosci E, Astolfi ML, Fabiani L, Mastrantonio R, Protano C, Spica VR, Manzoli L. Environmental status of an Italian site highly polluted by illegal dumping of industrial wastes: The situation 15 years after the judicial intervention. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144100. [PMID: 33360460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2008 the Italian government classified the Bussi sul Tirino area (Central Italy) as Site of National Interest destined to remediation which, unfortunately, has not yet begun. The decision followed >20 years of illegal dumping of industrial wastes, lasting from 1984 to 2005, that generated the biggest illegal toxic waste disposal site in Europe. The contamination profile of the site was mainly characterized by PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PAHs, chlorinated solvents, Hg, and Pb. Due to the health concern of the population and local authorities, an extensive monitoring and biomonitoring campaign was carried out in 2017-2018, checking the site-specific pollutants in local food (free-range hens' eggs, milk from grazing sheep and goats, wild edible mushrooms, and drinking water), environmental (air and freshwaters) and biological (human urine) matrices. A total of 314 samples were processed, obtaining 3217 analytical data that were compared with regulatory limits, when available, and values reported by international literature. The sum PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs ranged from 0.24 to 3.6 pg TEQ g-1 fat, and from 0.46 to 8.3 pg TEQ g-1 fat, respectively in milk in eggs, in line with the maximum levels established by CE Regulations except for an egg sample. As regards PAHs, all our results were lower than the literature data, as well as for Hg and Pb. Outdoor air showed levels of chlorinated solvents ranging from <LOD to 36 μg m-3, and freshwaters from 0.21 to 2.8 μg L-1. All drinking water samples resulted compliant with the maximum levels established by the current EU directive. Despite the severe pollution of the illegal dumping site and the remediation not yet carried out, the local environment and the population living in Bussi and surroundings seem not to be affected by significant exposure to the toxics characterizing the landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Castellani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Fragassi
- Regional Healthcare Agency of Abruzzo, Via Attilio Monti 9, 65127 Pescara, PE, Italy
| | - Alfonso Mascitelli
- Regional Healthcare Agency of Abruzzo, Via Attilio Monti 9, 65127 Pescara, PE, Italy
| | - Cecilia Martellucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University of the Marche Region, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020 Torrette di Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Abruzzo and Molise "Giuseppe Caporale", via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, TE, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Scamosci
- Environmental Protection Regional Agency of Abruzzo, via Marconi 49, 65126 Pescara, PE, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Mastrantonio
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, P.le Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64B, 44121 Ferrara, FE, Italy.
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Trace Element Analysis in Whole Blood and Plasma for Reference Levels in a Selected Queensland Population, Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052652. [PMID: 33800753 PMCID: PMC7967308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The levels of trace elements in whole blood and plasma have been widely used for assessing nutritional status and monitoring exposure and can vary widely in populations from different geographical regions. In this study, whole blood samples (n = 120) and plasma samples (n = 120) were obtained from healthy donors attending the Red Cross Blood Bank (Queensland Red Cross Blood Service), which provided information for age and sex. There were 71 males (age range: 19–73 years) and 49 females (age range: 18–72 years) for whole blood samples, and 59 males (age range: 19–81 years) and 61 females (age range: 19–73 years) for plasma samples. The main aim of the study was to provide information on blood reference levels of 21 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Bi, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn) in Queensland. The study also aimed to assess differences in trace element blood levels between males and females and the effect of age. The trace element levels in blood samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the standard reference materials of Seronorm (Trace Elements Whole Blood) and UTAK (Trace Elements Serum) were used for quality control and assurance. The study found wide variations of trace element levels in whole blood and plasma, and generally the levels were comparable to other countries. No detectable levels were found for Bi, Cr, U and V in whole blood, but V levels were found in plasma samples. There were significant differences between males and females for whole blood Cu (p < 0.001), I (p = 0.009), Tl (p = 0.016) and Zn (p = 0.016). Significant differences were also found for plasma Cu (p < 0.001) and Se (p = 0.003) between males and females. There were trends of increased levels of blood Pb, Se and Zn with age. The study has provided further information on a wide range of trace elements in blood as reference levels for Queensland and Australia which are currently lacking.
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Çamur D, Topbaş M, İlter H, Albay M, Ayoğlu FN, Can M, Altın A, Demirtaş Y, Somuncu BP, Aydın F, Açıkgöz B. Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Whole-Blood Samples of the Fishermen in Turkey: The Fish/Ermen Heavy Metal Study (FHMS). ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 67:553-562. [PMID: 33284414 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selected heavy metal-trace element (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, and V) levels were determined by the ICP-MS method in whole-blood samples of fishermen and control group who accommodate in four provinces of the Marmara Sea. Mercury (1.267 ± 1.061 µg/L to 0.796 ± 0.853 µg/L) and lead (17.8 ± 9.0 µg/L to 12.0 ± 6.83 µg/L) levels were higher in the fishermen group than that of control group (p < 0.001 for both). There was no difference between the fishermen group and the control group in terms of whole-blood levels of other elements. Total monthly fish consumption was 9340.4 gr in the fishermen group and 326.4 gr in the control group, and the difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in terms of having amalgam dental filling (p > 0.05). The results suggest that consuming high amounts of sea products caught from the Marmara Sea is a source for some heavy metals such as mercury and lead, which poses a public health risk. Unlike the control group, the positive correlation between arsenic, copper, and strontium levels and age in fishermen can also be evaluated as an indicator of chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Çamur
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Gülhane Medicine, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Murat Topbaş
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin İlter
- Provincial Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meriç Albay
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Niyazi Ayoğlu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altın
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Demirtaş
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Büşra Parlak Somuncu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aydın
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilgehan Açıkgöz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Tian J, Li Z, Wang L, Qiu D, Zhang X, Xin X, Cai Z, Lei B. Metabolic signatures for safety assessment of low-level cadmium exposure on human osteoblast-like cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111257. [PMID: 32890951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium has been widely detected in the environment and various foods. The association between cadmium burden and osteoporosis has been studied in cohorts. However, the effects and mechanisms of environmental cadmium exposure on bone metabolism is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the altered metabolites in bone cells affected by low-level cadmium by metabolomics analysis. Specifically, we used the dosage of cadmium that do not decrease the cell viability (determined by MTT assay) to treat Saos-2 cells for 24 h. ICP-MS was applied to quantify the cadmium in culture medium and cell precipitate. The cellular metabolites were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pathway analysis based on the identified differential metabolites showed that 1 μM cadmium significantly affected citric acid cycle and malate-aspartate shuttle, while 10 μM cadmium treatment affected citric acid cycle, alanine metabolism, glucose-alanine cycle, pyrimidine metabolism and glutamate metabolism. Taken together, 1 μM cadmium exposure could suppress the electrons transportation from the cytosol to mitochondrial matrix in Saos-2, and the impediment of the electron transport chain further inhibited downstream activities in citric acid cycle, which resulted in the accumulation of pyruvic acid. In addition, the suppressed pyrimidine degradation resulted in senescent nucleic acid accumulation and the decrease of mRNA transcription in Saos-2 cells. In general, our studies unveil the cadmium-induced metabolic perturbations in Saos-2 cells and demonstrate the feasibility of our established metabolomics pipeline to understand cadmium-induced effects on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Tian
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenchi Li
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liuyi Wang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Deyi Qiu
- Technology Center of Zhongshan Customs, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xianchen Zhang
- Technology Center of Zhongshan Customs, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xiong Xin
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Bo Lei
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China.
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Gustin K, Barman M, Stråvik M, Levi M, Englund-Ögge L, Murray F, Jacobsson B, Sandberg AS, Sandin A, Wold AE, Vahter M, Kippler M. Low-level maternal exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury and birth outcomes in a Swedish prospective birth-cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114986. [PMID: 32585550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have indicated that low-to-moderate exposure to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) adversely affects birth anthropometry, but results are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to elucidate potential impact on birth anthropometry of exposure to Cd, Pb, and Hg in pregnant women, and to identify the main dietary sources. In the NICE (Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment) birth-cohort in northern Sweden, blood and urine were collected from pregnant women in early third trimester. Cd, Pb and Hg were measured in erythrocytes (n = 584), and Cd also in urine (n = 581), by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Dietary data were collected through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire administered in mid-third trimester. Birth anthropometry data were extracted from hospital records. In multivariable-adjusted spline regression models, a doubling of maternal erythrocyte Cd (median: 0.29 μg/kg) above the spline knot of 0.50 μg/kg was associated with reduced birth weight (B: -191 g; 95% CI: -315, -68) and length (-0.67 cm; -1.2, -0.14). The association with birth weight remained when the analysis was restricted to never-smokers. Likewise, a doubling of erythrocyte Hg (median 1.5 μg/kg, mainly MeHg) above 1.0 μg/kg, was associated with decreased birth weight (-59 g; -115, -3.0), and length (-0.29 cm; -0.54, -0.047). Maternal Pb (median 11 μg/kg) was unrelated to birth weight and length. Erythrocyte Cd was primarily associated with intake of plant derived foods, Pb with game meat, tea and coffee, and Hg with fish. The results indicated that low-level maternal Cd and Hg exposure were associated with poorer birth anthropometry. Further prospective studies in low-level exposed populations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Gustin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mia Stråvik
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Levi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Englund-Ögge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fiona Murray
- Odontology/Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Sunderby Research Unit, Region Norrbotten, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Pediatrics, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Institute of Biomedicine, Dept, of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Butts CD, Bloom MS, McGough A, Lenhart N, Wong R, Mok-Lin E, Parsons PJ, Galusha AL, Yucel RM, Feingold BJ, Browne RW, Fujimoto VY. Seafood consumption is associated with higher follicular fluid arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) concentrations in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109753. [PMID: 32554271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to non-essential toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), and metalloids such as arsenic (As) commonly occurs through diet. Toxic trace element exposures have been reported in association with fertility and fecundity in epidemiologic studies even at low to moderate levels. While most previous studies employed blood and urine biomarkers of exposure, few have assessed toxic trace elements in ovarian follicular fluid (FF), which surrounds the developing oocyte and hence may better reflect concentrations potentially affecting reproductive outcomes. Our objective was to identify dietary predictors of FF toxic trace elements in n = 56 women (mean age: 38.3 years) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) at the University of California at San Francisco. We determined As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in 197 FF specimens, collected on the day of oocyte retrieval, using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. A comprehensive food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the weekly and annual dietary "patterns" of participants. Consumption of specific seafood items and turkey were correlated with individual FF toxic trace elements. We also found that each unit higher seafood consumption in the past week dominated by mollusks, shrimp, and bass was associated with 60% higher FF As (95% confidence interval (CI): 25%, 105%) and FF Hg (95%CI: 7%, 136%) concentrations. Higher annual seafood consumption dominated by urchin, crab, and trout was associated with 16% higher FF As (95%CI: -2%, 38%) and 31% higher FF Hg (95%CI: 7%, 60%) concentrations per unit intake. No associations were noted between diet and Cd and Pb levels in FF. Overall, our results suggest that higher seafood consumption contributes to elevated levels of As and Hg in FF. These findings are consistent with previous IVF studies that assessed toxic trace element exposures in blood and urine. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that diet might be a source of As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste D Butts
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States.
| | - Alexandra McGough
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Nikolaus Lenhart
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Rebecca Wong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Evelyn Mok-Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States; Laboratory of Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, United States
| | - Aubrey L Galusha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States; Laboratory of Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201, United States
| | - Recai M Yucel
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
| | - Beth J Feingold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place Rensselaer, NY, 12144, United States
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States
| | - Victor Y Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
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Spratlen MJ, Perera FP, Lederman SA, Rauh VA, Robinson M, Kannan K, Trasande L, Herbstman J. The association between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and childhood neurodevelopment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114444. [PMID: 32272335 PMCID: PMC7362877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were among various persistent organic pollutants suspected to have been released during the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 9/11. Evidence on the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and child neurodevelopment is limited and inconsistent. This study evaluated the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and child cognitive outcomes measured at 5 different time points in a population prenatally exposed to the WTC disaster. The study population included 302 pregnant women in the Columbia University WTC birth cohort enrolled between December 13, 2001 and June 26, 2002 at three hospitals located near the WTC site: Beth Israel, St. Vincent's, and New York University Downtown. We evaluated the association between prenatal exposure to four PFAS (perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) and child neurodevelopment measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II) at approximately 1, 2 and 3 years of age and using The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) at approximately 4 and 6 years of age. Geometric mean (range) concentrations of PFAS were 6.03 (1.05, 33.7), 2.31 (0.18, 8.14), 0.43 (<LOQ, 10.3) and 0.67 (<LOQ, 15.8) ng/mL for PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS, respectively. Several PFAS were associated with increases in cognitive outcomes in females and overall (males and females combined). Child sex modified the association between PFOS and the mental development index measured using BSID-II, with the observed relationship being positive for females and negative for males. Through principal component analyses, we observed a negative relationship between PFNA and the psychomotor development index measured using BSID-II and the verbal IQ measured using WPPSI. Our results suggest a sex- and compound-specific relationship between prenatal PFAS exposures and childhood neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Spratlen
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Ann Lederman
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia A Rauh
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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38
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Peng Y, Li Z, Yang X, Yang L, He M, Zhang H, Wei X, Qin J, Li X, Lu G, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zou Y. Relation between cadmium body burden and cognitive function in older men: A cross-sectional study in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126535. [PMID: 32234627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known neurotoxicant and its relation with cognition has been well studied in children. However, evidence linking Cd and cognitive function among older individuals is limited. To evaluate the association between Cd exposure and cognitive function in older age, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 375 older men aged 60-74 years (mean age: 66.0 years) in Guangxi, China. Urinary Cd concentrations were measured. Cognitive function was assessed by the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and cognitive impairment was identified using education-specific cutoff points of MMSE scores. General linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the associations of urinary Cd concentrations with MMSE scores and the risk of cognitive impairment, respectively. The median urinary Cd concentration of all participants was 1.58 μg/g creatinine. Urinary Cd levels were inversely associated with MMSE scores [β = -0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.28 to -0.23 for a 2-fold increase in urinary Cd]. A 2-fold increase in urinary Cd was associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.86]. When urinary Cd levels were analyzed as quartiles, higher urinary Cd levels were also significantly associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment in a dose-response manner (adjusted OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.33 to 5.38 for the highest vs. lowest quartile; p for trend = 0.002). Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to Cd may have adverse consequences for older men's cognitive function, but these results need further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiyi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiping Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Ashrap P, Watkins DJ, Mukherjee B, Boss J, Richards MJ, Rosario Z, Vélez-Vega CM, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Maternal blood metal and metalloid concentrations in association with birth outcomes in Northern Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105606. [PMID: 32179314 PMCID: PMC7198231 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, exposures to heavy metals such as Pb and Cd have been associated with adverse birth outcomes; however, knowledge on effects at low levels of exposure and of other elements remain limited. METHOD We examined individual and mixture effects of metals and metalloids on birth outcomes among 812 pregnant women in the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) cohort. We measured 16 essential and non-essential metal(loid)s in maternal blood collected at 16-20 and 24-28 weeks gestation. We used linear and logistic regression to independently examine associations between geometric mean (GM) concentrations of each metal across visits and gestational age, birthweight z-scores, preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). We evaluated effect modification with infant sex*metal interaction terms. To identify critical windows of susceptibility, birth outcomes were regressed on visit-specific metal concentrations. Furthermore, average metal concentrations were divided into tertiles to examine the potential for non-linear relationships. We used elastic net (ENET) regularization to construct Environmental Risk Score (ERS) as a metal risk score and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to identify individual metals most critical to each outcome, accounting for correlated exposures. RESULTS In adjusted models, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in GM lead (Pb) was associated with 1.63 higher odds of preterm birth (95%CI = 1.17, 2.28) and 2 days shorter gestational age (95% CI = -3.1, -0.5). Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were also associated with higher odds of preterm birth and shorter gestational age; the associations were strongest among the highest tertile for Mn and among females for Zn. Mercury (Hg) was associated with higher risk of preterm birth at the later window of pregnancy. Ni measured later in pregnancy was associated with lower odds of SGA. ENET and BKMR models selected similar metals as "important" predictors of birth outcomes. The association between ERS and preterm birth was assessed and the third tertile of ERS was significantly associated with an elevated odds ratio of 2.13 (95% CI = 1.12, 5.49) for preterm birth compared to the first tertile. CONCLUSION As the PROTECT cohort has lower Pb concentrations (GM = 0.33 μg/dL) compared to the mainland US, our findings suggest that low-level prenatal lead exposure, as well as elevated Mn and Zn exposure, may adversely affect birth outcomes. Improved understanding on environmental factors contributing to preterm birth, together with sustainable technologies to remove contamination, will have a direct impact in Puerto Rico and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahriya Ashrap
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan Boss
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Zaira Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Carmen M Vélez-Vega
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - John D Meeker
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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40
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Deng M, Zhu Y, Shao K, Zhang Q, Ye G, Shen J. Metals source apportionment in farmland soil and the prediction of metal transfer in the soil-rice-human chain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 260:110092. [PMID: 31941630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
China is facing serious heavy metal pollution in farmland soil, which is a major pressing concern for food safety and human health. This research delivers an integrated methodology for pollution source apportionment and a soil-rice-human model to predict heavy metal transfer in the farmland soil, rice grain and human blood chain. The source identification integrated positive matrix factorization (PMF), cluster analysis (CA) and the life cycle assessment (LCA) survey of agricultural and industrial production and consumption. Based on the case analysis of Shaoxing, this method showed very good performance through the illustration of the source contributions by PMF and LCA at county level and the identification of the pollution sources using CA and LCA at field scale. According to the overall evaluation, the integrated method was superior for the farmland metals pollution source identification comparing to existing source apportionment methods. To predict metal transformation in soil-rice-human chain, a set of models of metals (As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr) accumulation ability in rice grain and human blood has been established by literature review and monitoring data. The models showed adequate predictability for the metal content of rice grains at both the field and regional scale, and plausible simulation of the metal concentration in human blood throughout the whole study region. Therefore, this study provides valuable tools for farmland soil heavy metal pollution source identification and for the prediction of heavy metal transformation in soil-rice-human chain; and it can highlight the need to take mitigating action to reduce farmland metal pollution risks in specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China.
| | - Youwei Zhu
- Zhejiang Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Kan Shao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Guohua Ye
- Shaoxing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Shaoxing Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Shaoxing, 312000, China
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Ashrap P, Watkins DJ, Mukherjee B, Boss J, Richards MJ, Rosario Z, Vélez-Vega CM, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Predictors of urinary and blood Metal(loid) concentrations among pregnant women in Northern Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109178. [PMID: 32007748 PMCID: PMC7167342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential adverse health effects related to toxic trace metal exposure and insufficient or excessive levels of essential trace metals in pregnant women and their fetuses, the present study characterizes biomarkers of metal and metalloid exposure at repeated time points during pregnancy among women in Puerto Rico. We recruited 1040 pregnant women from prenatal clinics and collected urine, blood, and questionnaire data on demographics, product use, food consumption, and water usage at up to three visits. All samples were analyzed for 16 metal(loid)s: arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cesium (Cs), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), titanium (Ti), uranium (U), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). Urine samples were additionally analyzed for molybdenum (Mo), platinum (Pt), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), and tungsten (W). Mean concentrations of most metal(loid)s were higher among participants compared to the general US female population. We found weak to moderate correlations for inter-matrix comparisons, and moderate to strong correlations between several metal(loid)s measured within each biological matrix. Blood concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Hg, and Pb were shown to reflect reliable biomarkers of exposure. For other metals, repeated samples are recommended for exposure assessment in epidemiology studies. Predictors of metal(loid) biomarkers included fish and rice consumption (urinary As), fish and canned food (blood Hg), drinking public water (blood Pb), smoking (blood Cd), and iron/folic acid supplement use (urinary Cs, Mo, and Sb). Characterization of metal(loid) biomarker variation over time and between matrices, and identification of important exposure sources, may inform future epidemiology studies and exposure reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahriya Ashrap
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan Boss
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Zaira Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Carmen M Vélez-Vega
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - John D Meeker
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Stratakis N, Conti DV, Borras E, Sabido E, Roumeliotaki T, Papadopoulou E, Agier L, Basagana X, Bustamante M, Casas M, Farzan SF, Fossati S, Gonzalez JR, Grazuleviciene R, Heude B, Maitre L, McEachan RRC, Theologidis I, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, West J, Wright J, McConnell R, Brantsaeter AL, Meltzer HM, Vrijheid M, Chatzi L. Association of Fish Consumption and Mercury Exposure During Pregnancy With Metabolic Health and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Children. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e201007. [PMID: 32176304 PMCID: PMC7076335 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance The balance of mercury risk and nutritional benefit from fish intake during pregnancy for the metabolic health of offspring to date is unknown. Objective To assess the associations of fish intake and mercury exposure during pregnancy with metabolic syndrome in children and alterations in biomarkers of inflammation in children. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based prospective birth cohort study used data from studies performed in 5 European countries (France, Greece, Norway, Spain, and the UK) between April 1, 2003, and February 26, 2016, as part of the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) project. Mothers and their singleton offspring were followed up until the children were aged 6 to 12 years. Data were analyzed between March 1 and August 2, 2019. Exposures Maternal fish intake during pregnancy (measured in times per week) was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires, and maternal mercury concentration (measured in micrograms per liter) was assessed using maternal whole blood and cord blood samples. Main Outcomes and Measures An aggregate metabolic syndrome score for children was calculated using the z scores of waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and levels of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin. A higher metabolic syndrome score (score range, -4.9 to 7.5) indicated a poorer metabolic profile. Three protein panels were used to measure several cytokines and adipokines in the plasma of children. Results The study included 805 mothers and their singleton children. Among mothers, the mean (SD) age at cohort inclusion or delivery of their infant was 31.3 (4.6) years. A total of 400 women (49.7%) had a high educational level, and 432 women (53.7%) were multiparous. Among children, the mean (SD) age was 8.4 (1.5) years (age range, 6-12 years). A total of 453 children (56.3%) were boys, and 734 children (91.2%) were of white race/ethnicity. Fish intake consistent with health recommendations (1 to 3 times per week) during pregnancy was associated with a 1-U decrease in metabolic syndrome score in children (β = -0.96; 95% CI, -1.49 to -0.42) compared with low fish consumption (<1 time per week) after adjusting for maternal mercury levels and other covariates. No further benefit was observed with fish intake of more than 3 times per week. A higher maternal mercury concentration was independently associated with an increase in the metabolic syndrome score of their offspring (β per 2-fold increase in mercury concentration = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34). Compared with low fish intake, moderate and high fish intake during pregnancy were associated with reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines in children. An integrated analysis identified a cluster of children with increased susceptibility to metabolic disease, which was characterized by low fish consumption during pregnancy, high maternal mercury levels, decreased levels of adiponectin in children, and increased levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor α, and the cytokines interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β in children. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that moderate fish intake consistent with current health recommendations during pregnancy was associated with improvements in the metabolic health of children, while high maternal mercury exposure was associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Eva Borras
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulacio Genomica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sabido
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulacio Genomica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lydiane Agier
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, U1209 Joint Research Center, La Tronche, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Basagana
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Serena Fossati
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan R. Gonzalez
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Barbara Heude
- Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Inserm, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lea Maitre
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosemary R. C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Ioannis Theologidis
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jose Urquiza
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Anne-Lise Brantsaeter
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Day PL, Nelson EJ, Bluhm AM, Wood-Wentz CM, Jannetto PJ. Discovery of an arsenic and mercury co-elevation in the Midwest United States using reference laboratory data. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113049. [PMID: 31454582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if there is a co-elevation of human blood arsenic and mercury levels in the Midwestern population of the United States (U.S.) and to determine any geographical patterns and variation of arsenic and mercury that may exist in Michigan. 58,800 blood specimens along with associated demographic/geographic data from the contiguous United States were reviewed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze demographic/geographic variables associated with elevated arsenic concentrations. Furthermore, blood data from patients in Michigan were aggregated to the ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA) in order to assess geographic variation using spatial regression models. SaTScan software was also used to analyze potential clustering of arsenic and mercury across Michigan ZCTAs. Within the contiguous United States, elevated mercury blood concentrations, older age, female sex, and coastal status were all associated with elevated arsenic blood concentrations (elevated mercury odds ratio (OR) 3.18 (3.04-3.33); female sex OR 1.06 (1.02-1.11); +10 yr age OR 1.12 (1.11-1.14); coastal state OR 1.33 (1.27-1.40). Within the state of Michigan, as with the continuous U.S., elevated mercury blood concentrations and older age were associated with elevated arsenic blood concentrations (elevated mercury OR 2.75 (2.38-3.18); female sex OR 1.06 (0.95-1.19); +10 yr age OR 1.10 (1.06-1.13). Using spatial regression, it was determined that within Michigan, economic inequality (measured via the Gini coefficient) was also associated with elevated concentrations of mercury in the blood. Clinical reference laboratory data, in conjunction with spatial analysis methods, may enhance our understanding of how elemental exposure affects human health and should be considered for studying how environmental contaminants, socioeconomics and geography affect the health of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Day
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Erik J Nelson
- Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Amy M Bluhm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Paul J Jannetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Yang G, Sun T, Han YY, Rosser F, Forno E, Chen W, Celedón JC. Serum Cadmium and Lead, Current Wheeze, and Lung Function in a Nationwide Study of Adults in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:2653-2660.e3. [PMID: 31146018 PMCID: PMC6842689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium and lead are hazardous pollutants. OBJECTIVE We examined the relation between serum levels of cadmium and lead and current wheeze, current asthma, and lung function in US adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 13,888 adults aged 20 to 79 years in 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was considered. Multivariable logistic or linear regression was used for the analyses of current wheeze, current asthma, and lung function measures (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]% predicted, forced vital capacity [FVC]% predicted, FEV1/FVC% predicted, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]), which were conducted first in all participants, and then separately in never/former smokers and current smokers. RESULTS High levels of serum cadmium were significantly associated with current wheeze in all participants and in current smokers (odds ratio for fourth vs first quartile = 2.84, 95% confidence interval = 2.07-3.90, Pfor linear trend < .01), as well as with current asthma in current smokers. Serum lead was not significantly associated with current wheeze or current asthma, regardless of smoking status. Serum cadmium was significantly associated with lower FEV1% predicted, FEV1/FVC% predicted, and FeNO in all participants and in never/former smokers, and serum lead was significantly associated with lower FEV1/FVC% predicted in all participants, with similar findings in never/former smokers and in current smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased risk of wheeze and asthma in US adults who currently smoke. Moreover, our results suggest that exposure to cadmium or lead has negative effects on lung function in nonsmoking US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Franziska Rosser
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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45
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Papadopoulou E, Haug LS, Sakhi AK, Andrusaityte S, Basagaña X, Brantsaeter AL, Casas M, Fernández-Barrés S, Grazuleviciene R, Knutsen HK, Maitre L, Meltzer HM, McEachan RRC, Roumeliotaki T, Slama R, Vafeiadi M, Wright J, Vrijheid M, Thomsen C, Chatzi L. Diet as a Source of Exposure to Environmental Contaminants for Pregnant Women and Children from Six European Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:107005. [PMID: 31617753 PMCID: PMC6867312 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable to exposures to food contaminants, and a balanced diet during these periods is critical for optimal nutritional status. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to study the association between diet and measured blood and urinary levels of environmental contaminants in mother-child pairs from six European birth cohorts (n = 818 mothers and 1,288 children). METHODS We assessed the consumption of seven food groups and the blood levels of organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and heavy metals and urinary levels of phthalate metabolites, phenolic compounds, and organophosphate pesticide (OP) metabolites. Organic food consumption during childhood was also studied. We applied multivariable linear regressions and targeted maximum likelihood based estimation (TMLE). RESULTS Maternal high (≥ 4 times / week ) versus low (< 2 times / week ) fish consumption was associated with 15% higher PCBs [geometric mean (GM) ratio = 1.15 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.29], 42% higher perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) (GM ratio = 1.42 ; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68), 89% higher mercury (Hg) (GM ratio = 1.89 ; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.41) and a 487% increase in arsenic (As) (GM ratio = 4.87 ; 95% CI: 2.57, 9.23) levels. In children, high (≥ 3 times / week ) versus low (< 1.5 times / week ) fish consumption was associated with 23% higher perfluorononanoate (PFNA) (GM ratio = 1.23 ; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.40), 36% higher PFUnDA (GM ratio = 1.36 ; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.64), 37% higher perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (GM ratio = 1.37 ; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.54), and > 200 % higher Hg and As [GM ratio = 3.87 (95% CI: 1.91, 4.31) and GM ratio = 2.68 (95% CI: 2.23, 3.21)] concentrations. Using TMLE analysis, we estimated that fish consumption within the recommended 2-3 times/week resulted in lower PFAS, Hg, and As compared with higher consumption. Fruit consumption was positively associated with OP metabolites. Organic food consumption was negatively associated with OP metabolites. DISCUSSION Fish consumption is related to higher PFAS, Hg, and As exposures. In addition, fruit consumption is a source of exposure to OPs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Anne Lise Brantsaeter
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maribel Casas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Helle Katrine Knutsen
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lea Maitre
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosemary R. C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Remy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Joint Research Center (U1209), La Tronche, Grenoble, France
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Nakayama SF, Iwai-Shimada M, Oguri T, Isobe T, Takeuchi A, Kobayashi Y, Michikawa T, Yamazaki S, Nitta H, Kawamoto T. Blood mercury, lead, cadmium, manganese and selenium levels in pregnant women and their determinants: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:633-647. [PMID: 31000792 PMCID: PMC6760604 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) is a birth-cohort study of 100,000 mother-child dyads that aims to investigate the effect of the environment on child health and development. Mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) are considered to be important co-exposures when examining the effect of other chemical substances on child development. The levels of these elements in the blood of 20,000 randomly selected mid/late-term pregnant women from the whole JECS cohort were analysed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The median concentrations (interquartile ranges) for Pb, Hg, Cd, Mn and Se were 0.63 (0.51-0.78) µg dl-1, 3.83 (2.70-5.43) µg l-1, 0.70 (0.52-0.95) µg l-1, 16.1 (13.2-19.6) µg l-1 and 178 (165-192) µg l-1, respectively. Hg and Se correlated positively with each other (Spearman's ρ = 0.287), as did Pb and Cd (ρ = 0.239) and Cd and Mn (ρ = 0.267). The blood Pb levels decreased by 5-10-fold over the past 25 years. The main predictors of the blood levels of each element were fish consumption for Hg, maternal age and non-alcoholic beverage consumption for Pb, maternal age and smoking for Cd, gestational age at sampling for Mn and serum protein levels for Se. These results revealed the historical trends and current predictors of the blood levels of these elements in pregnant Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji F Nakayama
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Iwai-Shimada
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oguri
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 106-8582, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kobayashi
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Otaku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawamoto
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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47
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Marciniak W, Derkacz R, Muszyńska M, Baszuk P, Gronwald J, Huzarski T, Cybulski C, Jakubowska A, Falco M, Dębniak T, Lener M, Oszurek O, Pullella K, Kotsopoulos J, Sun P, Narod SA, Lubiński J. Blood arsenic levels and the risk of familial breast cancer in Poland. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2721-2727. [PMID: 31348523 PMCID: PMC7154768 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is recognized as a potent carcinogen at high concentrations, but the relationship between environmental arsenic and breast cancer risk has not well been studied. Most research has focused on the effect of arsenic in populations with high endemic exposure, and not in populations with arsenic levels within normal limits. We sought to determine if blood arsenic levels predict the risk of breast and other cancers risk among women in northern Poland. The cohort consisted of 1,702 healthy women, aged 40 and above, identified between 2010 and 2017. Blood arsenic level was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After an average of 4.5 years of follow‐up (range 0.7–7.3 years), there were 110 incident cases of cancer diagnosed in the cohort, including 68 cases of breast cancer. Women in the highest quartile of arsenic had a highly significant 13‐fold increased risk of developing breast cancer, compared to women in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio [HR] = 13.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.02–43.0). Results were similar for arsenic and all incident cancers (HR quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 = 13.3; 95% CI 4.78–37.0). If confirmed, our study suggests that the blood arsenic level may be a useful predictive marker of cancer risk in women. What's new? Arsenic has long been recognized as a potent carcinogen at high concentrations. But can it affect cancer risk at “normal,” environmental concentrations? In this Polish study, the authors found that women whose blood levels of arsenic were in the highest quartile had a 13‐fold increased risk of developing breast cancer, compared to women in the lowest quartile. If confirmed in further studies, these results suggests that blood arsenic level may be a useful predictive marker of cancer risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Marciniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Róża Derkacz
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Magdalena Muszyńska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Piotr Baszuk
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Michał Falco
- Radiation Oncology Department, West Pomeranian Oncology Center, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
| | - Marcin Lener
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Oleg Oszurek
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Sun
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.,Read-Gene SA, Grzepnica, Poland
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Caspersen IH, Thomsen C, Haug LS, Knutsen HK, Brantsæter AL, Papadopoulou E, Erlund I, Lundh T, Alexander J, Meltzer HM. Patterns and dietary determinants of essential and toxic elements in blood measured in mid-pregnancy: The Norwegian Environmental Biobank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:299-308. [PMID: 30928759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate stores or intakes of essential minerals in pregnancy, or too high exposure to both toxic and essential elements, can have adverse effects on mother and child. The main aims of this study were to 1) describe the concentrations and patterns of essential and toxic elements measured in maternal whole blood during pregnancy; 2) identify dietary, lifestyle and sociodemographic determinants of element status; and 3) explore the impact of iron deficiency on blood element concentrations. METHODS This study is based on blood samples collected from 2982 women in gestational week 18 in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) which were analyzed as part of the Norwegian Environmental Biobank. We derived blood element patterns by exploratory factor analysis, and associations between blood element patterns and diet were explored using sparse partial least squares (sPLS) regression. RESULTS Blood concentrations were determined for the essential elements (in the order of most abundant) Zn > Cu > Se > Mn > Mo > Co, and the toxic metals Pb > As > Hg > Cd > Tl. The concentrations were in ranges that were similar to or sometimes more favorable than in other pregnant and non-pregnant European women. We identified two blood element patterns; one including Zn, Se and Mn and another including Hg and As. For the Zn-Se-Mn pattern, use of multimineral supplements was the most important dietary determinant, while a high score in the Hg-As pattern was mainly determined by seafood consumption. Concentrations of Mn, Cd and Co were significantly higher in women with iron deficiency (plasma ferritin < 12 μg/L) than in women with plasma ferritin ≥ 12 μg/L. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates complex relationships and coexistence of essential and toxic elements. Their potential interplay adds to the challenges of studies investigating health effects related to either diet or toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Henriette Caspersen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle K Knutsen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iris Erlund
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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49
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Lead content in wild game shot with lead or non-lead ammunition - Does "state of the art consumer health protection" require non-lead ammunition? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200792. [PMID: 30048463 PMCID: PMC6062035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of lead has been known for a long time, and no safe uptake level can be derived for humans. Consumers’ intake via food should therefore be kept as low as possible. Game meat can contain elevated levels of lead due to the use of lead ammunition for hunting. A risk assessment conducted in 2010 by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment including various consumption scenarios revealed a possible health risk for extreme consumers of game meat hunted with lead ammunition (i.e. hunters and members of hunters’ households). Babies, infants, children and women of childbearing age were identified as vulnerable group with regards to the developmental neurotoxicity of lead. It was noted, that a sound data base was required in order to refine the assessment. Therefore, the research project “Safety of game meat obtained through hunting” (LEMISI) has been conducted in Germany, with the aims of determining the concentrations of lead (as well as of copper and zinc) brought into the edible parts of game meat (roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa)) due to using either lead or non-lead hunting ammunition, whilst concurrently taking geogenic (i.e. “background”) levels of lead into account. Compared to non-lead ammunition, lead ammunition significantly increased lead concentrations in the game meat. The use of both lead and non-lead ammunition deposited copper and zinc in the edible parts of game meat, and the concentrations were in the range of those detected regularly in meat of farm animals. For the average consumer of game meat in Germany the additional uptake of lead only makes a minor contribution to the average alimentary lead exposure. However, for consumers from hunters’ households the resulting uptake of lead–due to lead ammunition—can be several times higher than the average alimentary lead exposure. Non-lead bullets in combination with suitable game meat hygienic measures are therefore recommended in order to ensure “state of the art consumer health protection”.
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50
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Roswall N, Hvidtfeldt UA, Harrington J, Levine KE, Sørensen M, Tjønneland A, Meliker JR, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Predictors of Urinary Arsenic Levels among Postmenopausal Danish Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071340. [PMID: 29949863 PMCID: PMC6068487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a risk factor for several noncommunicable diseases, even at low doses. Urinary arsenic (UAs) concentration is a good biomarker for internal dose, and demographic, dietary, and lifestyle factors are proposed predictors in nonoccupationally exposed populations. However, most predictor studies are limited in terms of size and number of predictors. We investigated demographic, dietary, and lifestyle determinants of UAs concentrations in 744 postmenopausal Danish women who had UAs measurements and questionnaire data on potential predictors. UAs concentrations were determined using mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and determinants of the concentration were investigated using univariate and multivariate regression models. We used a forward selection procedure for model optimization. In all models, fish, alcohol, and poultry intake were associated with higher UAs concentration, and tap water, fruit, potato, and dairy intake with lower concentration. A forward regression model explained 35% (R2) of the variation in concentrations. Age, smoking, education, and area of residence did not predict concentration. The results were relatively robust across sensitivity analyses. The study suggested that UAs concentration in postmenopausal women was primarily determined by dietary factors, with fish consumption showing the strongest direct association. However, the majority of variation in UAs concentration in this study population is still unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Roswall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ulla A Hvidtfeldt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - James Harrington
- Analytical Sciences Division, Research Triangle Institute, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
| | - Keith E Levine
- Analytical Sciences Division, Research Triangle Institute, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jaymie R Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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