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Castaño-Ortiz JM, Romero F, Cojoc L, Barceló D, Balcázar JL, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Santos LHMLM. Accumulation of polyethylene microplastics in river biofilms and effect on the uptake, biotransformation and toxicity of the antimicrobial triclosan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123369. [PMID: 38253165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems may lead to adverse effects on aquatic communities and their ecological functions. Microplastics (MPs) are a class of contaminants of emerging concern that can exert both direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects. A growing number of studies have investigated MPs-attached microbial communities, but the interaction between MPs and substrate-associated biofilm (i.e., on natural river substrates, such as stones and sediments) remains poorly studied. In this work, the combined effects of polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) with a particle size of 10-45 μm (2 mg/L) and the antimicrobial triclosan (TCS) (20 μg/L) were investigated on river biofilms through a short-term exposure experiment (72 h). To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first time that the combined effects of MPs and chemical contaminants in substrate-associated river biofilms were assessed. Different response parameters were evaluated, including (i) exposure assessment and ii) contaminants effects at different levels: bacterial community composition, antibiotic resistance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), photosynthetic efficiency (Yeff), and leucine aminopeptidase activity (LAPA). Triclosan was accumulated in river biofilms (1189-1513 ng/g dw) alongside its biotransformation product methyl-triclosan (20-29 ng/g dw). Also, PE-MPs were detected on biofilms (168-292 MP/cm2), but they had no significant influence on the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of TCS. A moderate shift in bacterial community composition was driven by TCS, regardless of PE-MPs co-exposure (e.g., increased relative abundance of Sphingomonadaceae family). Additionally, Yeff and EPS content were significantly disrupted in TCS-exposed biofilms. Therefore, the most remarkable effects on river biofilms were related to the antimicrobial TCS, whereas single PE-MPs exposure did not alter any of the evaluated parameters. These results demonstrate that biofilms might act as environmental sink of MPs. Although no interaction between PE-MPs and TCS was observed, the possible indirect impact of other MPs-adsorbed contaminants on biofilms should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Castaño-Ortiz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - F Romero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Plant-Soil Interactions group, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Cojoc
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; IDAEA-CSIC, Department of Environmental Chemistry, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - L H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), C/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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2
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Pereira AR, Simões M, Gomes IB. Parabens as environmental contaminants of aquatic systems affecting water quality and microbial dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167332. [PMID: 37758132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Among different pollutants of emerging concern, parabens have gained rising interest due to their widespread detection in water sources worldwide. This occurs because parabens are used in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food, in which residues are generated and released into aquatic environments. The regulation of the use of parabens varies across different geographic regions, resulting in diverse concentrations observed globally. Concentrations of parabens exceeding 100 μg/L have been found in wastewater treatment plants and surface waters while drinking water (DW) sources typically exhibit concentrations below 6 μg/L. Despite their low levels, the presence of parabens in DW is a potential exposure route for humans, raising concerns for both human health and environmental microbiota. Although a few studies have reported alterations in the functions and characteristics of microbial communities following exposure to emerging contaminants, the impact of the exposure to parabens by microbial communities, particularly biofilm colonizers, remains largely understudied. This review gathers the most recent information on the occurrence of parabens in water sources, as well as their effects on human health and aquatic organisms. The interactions of parabens with microbial communities are reviewed for the first time, filling the knowledge gaps on the effects of paraben exposure on microbial ecosystems and their impact on disinfection tolerance and antimicrobial resistance, with potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Rožman M, Lekunberri I, Grgić I, Borrego CM, Petrović M. Effects of combining flow intermittency and exposure to emerging contaminants on the composition and metabolic response of streambed biofilm bacterial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162818. [PMID: 36914121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are characterised by the co-occurrence of stressors that simultaneously affect the biota. Among these, flow intermittency and chemical pollution severely impair the diversity and functioning of streambed bacterial communities. Using an artificial streams mesocosm facility, this study examined how desiccation and pollution caused by emerging contaminants affect the composition of stream biofilm bacterial communities, their metabolic profiles, and interactions with their environment. Through an integrative analysis of the composition of biofilm communities, characterization of their metabolome and composition of the dissolved organic matter, we found strong genotype-to-phenotype interconnections. The strongest correlation was found between the composition and metabolism of the bacterial community, both of which were influenced by incubation time and desiccation. Unexpectedly, no effect of the emerging contaminants was observed, which was due to the low concentration of the emerging contaminants and the dominant impact of desiccation. However, biofilm bacterial communities modified the chemical composition of their environment under the effect of pollution. Considering the tentatively identified classes of metabolites, we hypothesised that the biofilm response to desiccation was mainly intracellular while the response to chemical pollution was extracellular. The present study demonstrates that metabolite and dissolved organic matter profiling may be effectively integrated with compositional analysis of stream biofilm communities to yield a more complete picture of changes in response to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rožman
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Itziar Lekunberri
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Ivana Grgić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, E-17001 Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Jiménez L, Freixa A, Besolí N, Sabater S. Resistance but not recovery is related to the role of specialist taxa in river communities submitted to hydric stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161952. [PMID: 36740050 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the main effects of global change is the human interference in the global water cycle, which alters river hydrological dynamics and submits their biological communities to hydric stress. Hydric stress is a pulse disturbance with potential multiple effects on biodiversity and functions in river ecosystems. The presence of habitat specialists may support the response of biological communities to pulse disturbances, maintaining ecological functions more consistently than other communities only having generalists. We tested this general hypothesis in stream communities submitted to increasing hydric stress (normal conditions vs humidity vs desiccation). We used communities with variable proportion of specialist algal and cyanobacterial taxa and tested their resistance to hydric stress by analyzing potential changes on their number of species, biovolume, proportion of intact cells, and photosynthetic variables (basal fluorescence, photosynthetic yield). We also evaluated the recovery of ecological functions (net community primary production, community respiration, phosphorus uptake) once hydric stress conditions ended. Hydric stress caused a slight decrease in the number of species and biovolume of assemblages, but the proportion of intact cells did not significantly change because of the disturbance. Basal fluorescence and photosynthetic yield under hydric stress decreased more markedly in communities without specialist taxa, while communities with habitat specialists resisted better. Metabolism did not remarkably decrease under moderate hydric stress, but dropped by half under desiccation in all communities, having or not specialist taxa. Overall, specialist taxa did provide higher resistance to stress but did not support a distinct recovery of ecological functions. We suggest that this characteristic response is related to the high plasticity of biofilm structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jiménez
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Freixa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Neus Besolí
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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5
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Duarte JAP, Ribeiro AKN, de Carvalho P, Bortolini JC, Ostroski IC. Emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment: phytoplankton structure in the presence of sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:46604-46617. [PMID: 36719587 PMCID: PMC9888349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals from anthropogenic activities such as domestic sewage, pesticide leaching, and improper chemical disposal have caused groundwater contamination. The presence of these emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment can change water quality and biota composition. Thus, this study investigates the effect of two emerging contaminants, anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX), on the aquatic environment, evaluating the phytoplankton community structure. A microcosm experiment was conducted with 16 sampling units, each one with 500 mL of water sample containing phytoplankton exposed to these drugs at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L-1). The experiment lasted 15 days, and samples were collected on days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14 to evaluate the phytoplankton community, the concentrations of the drugs, and the nutrients in the samples. Six phytoplankton groups were identified, and diatoms and green algae were the most diverse and abundant groups. For the entire community, we identified differences between the days of the experiment, varying in the diversity and density of organisms, but not between the concentrations of the two drugs. Evaluating the groups separately, we identified differences in the abundance of cyanobacteria for the treatment with diclofenac and desmids for the treatment with sulfamethoxazole. We demonstrated that the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems can somehow affect the phytoplankton community, especially the diversity and abundance of cyanobacteria and desmids. Therefore, our study indicates the importance of evaluating the presence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems and their influence on aquatic organisms, as well as pharmaceuticals may be changing the structure of the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscilla de Carvalho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
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Bastos MC, Rheinheimer DDS, Le Guet T, Vargas Brunet J, Aubertheau E, Mondamert L, Labanowski J. Presence of pharmaceuticals and bacterial resistance genes in river epilithic biofilms exposed to intense agricultural and urban pressure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:328. [PMID: 36697888 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The continuous discharge of pharmaceutical compounds into the aquatic environment has raised concerns over the contamination of water resources. Urban activities and intensive animal breeding are important sources of contamination. The accumulation of antibiotics may lead to the transfer or alternatively maintain the presence of resistance genes in natural microbial communities existing in epilithic biofilms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmaceutical contamination levels and the presence of resistance genes in biofilms from a South Brazilian watershed. The Guaporé watershed exhibits a high diversity of land use, including agricultural and urban areas with differing levels of anthropogenic pressure. Seventeen sites along the Guaporé watershed were monitored. Biofilm samples were collected in two seasons (winter and summer), and the pharmaceutical concentration and quantity of resistance genes were analyzed. All monitored sites were contaminated with pharmaceuticals. Agricultural activities contribute through transferring pharmaceuticals derived from the application of animal waste to agricultural fields. The most contaminated site (pharmaceuticals and bacterial resistance genes) was located in an urban area exposed to high pressure. Decreases in the contamination of biofilms were also observed, exemplifying processes of natural attenuation in the watershed. The quality of the biofilms sampled throughout the watershed served as a useful tool to understand and monitor environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Camotti Bastos
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, N° 1000, Bairro Camobi, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France.
| | - Danilo Dos Santos Rheinheimer
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, N° 1000, Bairro Camobi, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thibaut Le Guet
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Jocelina Vargas Brunet
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, N° 1000, Bairro Camobi, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 97105-900, Brazil
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Elodie Aubertheau
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Leslie Mondamert
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, Poitiers, France
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Freixa A, Ortiz-Rivero J, Sabater S. Artificial substrata to assess ecological and ecotoxicological responses in river biofilms: Use and recommendations. MethodsX 2023; 10:102089. [PMID: 36915862 PMCID: PMC10006700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
River biofilms are biological consortia of autotrophs and heterotrophs colonizing most solid surfaces in rivers. Biofilm composition and biomass differ according to the environmental conditions, having different characteristics between systems and even between river habitats. Artificial substrata (AS) are an alternative for in situ or laboratory experiments to handle the natural variability of biofilms. However, specific research goals may require decisions on colonization time or type of substrata. Substrata properties (i.e., texture, roughness, hydrophobicity) and the colonization period and site are selective factors of biofilm characteristics. Here we describe the uses of artificial substrata in the assessment of ecological and ecotoxicological responses and propose a decision tree for the best use of artificial substrata in river biofilm studies. We propose departing from the purpose of the study to define the necessity of obtaining a realistic biofilm community, from which it may be defined the colonization time, the colonization site, and the type of artificial substratum. Having a simple or mature biofilm community should guide our decisions on the colonization time and type of substrata to be selected for the best use of AS in biofilm studies. Tests involving contaminants should avoid adsorbing materials while those ecologically oriented may use any AS mimicking those substrata occurring in the streambed.•We review the utilization of different artificial substrata to colonize biofilm in river ecology and ecotoxicology.•We propose a decision tree to guide on selecting the appropriate artificial substrata and colonization site and duration.•Type of artificial substrata (material, size, shape...) and colonization duration are to be decided according to the specific purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Freixa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.,University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Javier Ortiz-Rivero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.,University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.,Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
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8
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An Overview of the Impact of Pharmaceuticals on Aquatic Microbial Communities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121700. [PMID: 36551357 PMCID: PMC9774725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are present as pollutants in several ecosystems worldwide. Despite the reduced concentrations at which they are detected, their negative impact on natural biota constitutes a global concern. The consequences of pharmaceuticals' presence in water sources and food have been evaluated with a higher detail for human health. However, although most of the pharmaceuticals detected in the environment had not been designed to act against microorganisms, it is of utmost importance to understand their impact on the environmental native microbiota. Microbial communities can suffer serious consequences from the presence of pharmaceuticals as pollutants in the environment, which may directly impact public health and ecosystem equilibrium. Among this class of pollutants, the ones that have been studied in more detail are antibiotics. This work aims to provide an overview of the impacts of different pharmaceuticals on environmental biofilms, more specifically in biofilms from aquatic ecosystems and engineered water systems. The alterations caused in the biofilm function and characteristics, as well as bacteria antimicrobial tolerance and consequently the associated risks for public health, are also reviewed. Despite the information already available on this topic, the need for additional data urges the assessment of emerging pollutants on microbial communities and the potential public health impacts.
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Courcoul C, Leflaive J, Ferriol J, Boulêtreau S. The sensitivity of aquatic microbial communities to a complex agricultural contaminant depends on previous drought conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118396. [PMID: 35413563 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In intermittent rivers, which represent a prominent part of worldwide rivers, aquatic organisms are exposed to sequential disturbances including flow cessation, potentially associated with water warming, desiccation process and flow resumption. At flow resumption, pollutants stored in soil and washed by rainfalls can reach fresh waters. The interaction between contamination and river intermittency is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed at understanding in what extent the intensity of dry period combined or not to water warming drives the sensitivity of aquatic communities to a complex agricultural run-off (ARO) during rewetting. Phototrophic biofilms, at the basis of freshwater food webs, were chosen as a model of community. Biofilms grown in laboratory were first exposed to a disturbance crossing two temperature conditions (not warmed, 22°C or warmed, 32°C) and three dry periods (no drying, short (3 days), or long (3 months)). Then they were exposed to a chemical mix of nitrates, copper and 3 pesticides at 6 gradual concentrations. Various descriptors associated with biofilm structure and function were assessed one week after ARO addition. When undisturbed biofilms were exposed to ARO, they shifted toward a more heterotrophic state as they lost algal richness and diversity, and gross primary production tended to decrease. Warming alone only slightly modified the sensitivity of biofilms to ARO, with lower effects on algal richness and a trend to increase the effect on gross primary production. In contrast, the association of warming and a dry period strongly modified the sensitivity to ARO, certainly due to the selection of generalist species and/or physiological acclimation inducted by the first disturbance. This study emphasizes the importance of considering water intermittency in the management of the ecological risk of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Courcoul
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5245, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Joséphine Leflaive
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5245, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Ferriol
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5245, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Boulêtreau
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5245, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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10
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Tardy V, Bonnineau C, Bouchez A, Miège C, Masson M, Jeannin P, Pesce S. A pilot experiment to assess the efficiency of pharmaceutical plant wastewater treatment and the decreasing effluent toxicity to periphytic biofilms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125121. [PMID: 33858096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical industry effluents are complex and highly variable in time. Assessing the efficiency of a pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the resulting decrease in effluent toxicity and ecological risk is thus not straightforward. We set up an original in situ pilot directly connected to a pharmaceutical WWTP to monitor the chronic toxicity of successive effluents using natural periphytic biofilms. Their structural and functional responses to effluent exposure were assessed by combining (i) a molecular approach to characterize the bacterial and diatom diversity and (ii) functional measurements of photosynthetic and enzyme activities. Effluent contamination by pharmaceuticals strongly decreased after the quaternary treatment (activated carbon). Most of the structural biological characteristics improved with cumulative WWTP treatment (bacterial diversity, microbial genetic structure, and biological diatom index), showing community recovery along the treatment process. However, functional parameters did not show clear links with treatment steps, suggesting that microbial activities were not solely driven by pharmaceuticals produced during the experimental period. Operationally, this type of pilot system offers a useful tool for biomonitoring approaches and offers new approaches for industrial managers to assess the ecological risk of production effluents in receiving water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnès Bouchez
- INRAE, USMB, UMR CARRTEL, 74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | | | | | - Pierric Jeannin
- SANOFI, Central Laboratory of Environment & Safety, route d'Avignon, 30390 Aramon, France
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11
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Hagberg A, Gupta S, Rzhepishevska O, Fick J, Burmølle M, Ramstedt M. Do environmental pharmaceuticals affect the composition of bacterial communities in a freshwater stream? A case study of the Knivsta river in the south of Sweden. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142991. [PMID: 33121787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical substances present at low concentrations in the environment may cause effects on biological systems such as microbial consortia living on solid riverbed substrates. These consortia are an important part of the river ecosystem as they form part of the food chain. This case study aims to contribute to an increased understanding of how low levels of pharmaceuticals in freshwater streams may influence sessile bacterial consortia. An important point source for pharmaceutical release into the environment is treated household sewage water. In order to investigate what types of effects may occur, we collected water samples as well as riverbed substrates from a small stream in the south of Sweden, Knivstaån, upstream and downstream from a sewage treatment plant (STP). Data from these samples formed the base of this case study where we investigated both the presence of pharmaceuticals in the water and bacterial composition on riverbed substrates. In the water downstream from the STP, 19 different pharmaceuticals were detected at levels below 800 ng/dm3. The microbial composition was obtained from sequencing 16S rRNA genes directly from substrates as well as from cultivated isolates. The cultivated strains showed reduced species variability compared with the data obtained directly from the substrates. No systematic differences were observed following the sampling season. However, differences could be seen between samples upstream and downstream from the STP effluent. We further observed large similarities in bacterial composition on natural stones compared to sterile stones introduced into the river approximately two months prior to sampling, giving indications for future sampling methodology of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hagberg
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Center for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olena Rzhepishevska
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Center for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jerker Fick
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Center for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Madeleine Ramstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Center for Microbial Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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12
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De Castro-Català N, Dolédec S, Kalogianni E, Skoulikidis NT, Paunovic M, Vasiljević B, Sabater S, Tornés E, Muñoz I. Unravelling the effects of multiple stressors on diatom and macroinvertebrate communities in European river basins using structural and functional approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140543. [PMID: 32721725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rivers suffer from more severe decreases in species diversity compared to other aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems due to a variety of pressures related to human activities. Species provide different roles in the functioning of the ecosystem, and their loss may reduce the capacity of the ecosystems to respond to multiple stressors. The effects on diversity will differ based on the type, combination and severity of stressors, as well as on the characteristics of the community composition and tolerance. Multiple trait-based approaches (MTBAs) can help to unravel the effects of multiple stressors on communities, providing a mechanistic interpretation, and, thus, complementing traditional biodiversity assessments using community structure. We studied the relationships between diversity indexes and trait composition of macroinvertebrate and diatom communities, as well as environmental variables that described the hydrological and geomorphological alterations and toxic pollution (pesticides and pharmaceuticals) of three different European river basins: the Adige, the Sava, and the Evrotas. These river basins can be considered representative cases of different situations in European freshwater systems. Hydrological variables were the main drivers determining the community structure and function in the rivers, for both diatoms and macroinvertebrates. For diatom communities, pharmaceutical active compound (PhAC) toxic units were also identified as a very important driver of diversity changes, explaining up to 57% of the variance in taxonomic richness. For macroinvertebrates, river geomorphology was an important driver of structural changes, particularly affecting Plecoptera richness. In addition, PhAC and pesticide toxic units were also identified as stressors for macroinvertebrate communities. MTBA provided a detailed picture of the effects of the stressors on the communities and confirmed the importance of hydrological variables in shaping the functional attributes of the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria De Castro-Català
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sylvain Dolédec
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavissos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavissos, Greece
| | - Momir Paunovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković (IBISS), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božica Vasiljević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković (IBISS), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Fernandes G, Bastos MC, de Vargas JPR, Le Guet T, Clasen B, Dos Santos DR. The use of epilithic biofilms as bioaccumulators of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1293-1305. [PMID: 32740705 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are a consortium of communities of organisms that live in syntrophic relationships and present a higher organization level than that of individual cells. Biofilms dominate microbial life in streams and rivers, enable crucial ecosystem processes, contribute to global biogeochemical flows and represent the main active bacterial life form. Epilithic biofilms are the main biomass found in rivers; their exposure to contaminants can lead to changes in their structure and composition. The composition of these communities is influenced by physicochemical factors, temperature, light and prior exposure to pollutants, among other factors, and it can be used for water quality monitoring purposes. The heterogenous composition of biofilms enables them to accumulate compounds in an integrative manner. Moreover, the availability of several sorption sites and their likely saturation can contribute to bioaccumulation. In aquatic environments, biofilms are also susceptible to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes and participate in their dissemination. Anthropic pressure intensification processes continuously expose water resources and, consequently, biofilm communities to different contamination sources. Therefore, the use of biofilms to indicate environmental pollution is reinforced by the progress of studies on the subject. Biofilm communities' response to pollutants in aquatic environments can be mainly influenced by the presence of different organisms, which may change due to community development or age. The current research aims to review studies about biofilm contamination and highlight the importance of biofilm use to better evaluate and maintain the quality of water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracieli Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Jocelina Paranhos Rosa de Vargas
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Barbara Clasen
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Três Passos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Rheinheimer Dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Bairro Camobi, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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14
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Multiple Stressors Determine Community Structure and Estimated Function of River Biofilm Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00291-20. [PMID: 32245764 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00291-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are exposed to multiple stressors, but their individual and combined effects remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the response of stream biofilm bacterial communities to warming, hydrological stress, and pesticide exposure. We used 24 artificial streams on which epilithic (growing on coarse sediments) and epipsammic (growing on fine sediments) stream biofilms were maintained. Bacterial community composition and estimated function of biofilms exposed during 30 days to individual and combined stressors were assessed using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Among the individual effects by stressors, hydrological stress (i.e., a simulated low-flow situation) was the most relevant, since it significantly altered 57% of the most abundant bacterial taxa (n = 28), followed by warming (21%) and pesticide exposure (11%). Regarding the combined effects, 16% of all stressor combinations resulted in significant interactions on bacterial community composition and estimated function. Antagonistic responses prevailed (57 to 89% of all significant interactions), followed by synergisms (11 to 43%), on specific bacterial taxa, indicating that multiple-stressor scenarios could lead to unexpected shifts in the community composition and associated functions of riverine bacterial communities.IMPORTANCE Freshwater ecosystems such as rivers are of crucial importance for human well-being. However, human activities result in many stressors (e.g., toxic chemicals, increased water temperatures, and hydrological alterations) cooccurring in rivers and streams worldwide. Among the many organisms inhabiting rivers and streams, bacteria are ecologically crucial; they are placed at the base of virtually all food webs and they recycle the organic matter needed for bigger organisms. Most of these bacteria are in close contact with river substratum, where they form the biofilms. There is an urgent need to evaluate the effects of these stressors on river biofilms, so we can anticipate future environmental problems. In this study, we experimentally exposed river biofilms to a pesticide mixture, an increase in water temperature and a simulated low-flow condition, in order to evaluate the individual and joint effects of these stressors on the bacterial community composition and estimated function.
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15
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Mahler BJ, Schmidt TS, Nowell LH, Qi SL, Van Metre PC, Hladik ML, Carlisle DM, Munn MD, May J. Biofilms Provide New Insight into Pesticide Occurrence in Streams and Links to Aquatic Ecological Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5509-5519. [PMID: 32309929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Streambed sediment is commonly analyzed to assess occurrence of hydrophobic pesticides and risks to aquatic communities. However, stream biofilms also have the potential to accumulate pesticides and may be consumed by aquatic organisms. To better characterize risks to aquatic life, the U.S. Geological Survey Regional Stream Quality Assessment measured 93 current-use and 3 legacy pesticides in bed sediment and biofilm from 54 small streams in California across a range of land-use settings. On average, 4 times as many current-use pesticides were detected in biofilm at a site (median of 2) as in sediment (median of 0.5). Of 31 current-use pesticides detected, 20 were detected more frequently in biofilm than in sediment and 10 with equal frequency. Pyrethroids as a class were the most potentially toxic to benthic invertebrates, and of the 9 pyrethroids detected, 7 occurred more frequently in biofilm than sediment. We constructed general additive models to investigate relations between pesticides and 6 metrics of benthic community structure. Pesticides in biofilm improved fit in 4 of the 6 models, and pesticides in sediment improved fit in 2. The results indicate that the sampling of stream biofilms can complement bed-sediment sampling by identification of more current-use pesticides present and better estimation of ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Mahler
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma-Texas Science Center Austin, Texas 78751, United States
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center Lakewood, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Lisa H Nowell
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center Sacramento, California 95819, United States
| | - Sharon L Qi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado Water Science Center Lakewood, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Peter C Van Metre
- U.S. Geological Survey, Headquarters Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center Sacramento, California 95819, United States
| | - Daren M Carlisle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Headquarters Reston, Virginia 20192, United States
| | - Mark D Munn
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center Tacoma, Washington 98402, United States
| | - Jason May
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center Sacramento, California 95819, United States
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16
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Zhang X, Yuan H, Wang Y, Guan L, Zeng Z, Jiang Z, Zhang X. Cell Surface Energy Affects the Structure of Microalgal Biofilm. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3057-3063. [PMID: 32160744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biofilm-based culture systems have wide applications in environmental engineering and biotechnology. Biofilm structure is critical for the transport of nutrients, gas, and signaling molecules in a microalgal biofilm. This work aims to understand the influence of cell surface energy (SE) on the microalgal biofilm structure. Three microalgae species were used as model cells in the study: Chlorella sp., Nannochloris oculata, and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. First, by mediating biofilm culture conditions, we obtained Chlorella sp. cells with SEs of 40.4 ± 1.5, 44.7 ± 1.0, and 62. 7 ± 1.2 mJ/m2, N. oculata cells with SEs of 47.7 ± 0.5, 41.1 ± 1.0, and 62.6 ± 1.2 mJ/m2, and C. pyrenoidosa cells with SEs of 64.0 ± 0.6, 62.1 ± 0.7, and 62.8 ± 0.6 mJ/m2. Then, based on the characterizations of biofilm structures, we found that cell SE can significantly affect the microalgae biofilm structure. When the cell SEs ranged from 40 to 50 mJ/m2, the microalgae cells formed heterogeneous biofilms with a large number of open voids, and the biofilm porosity was higher than 20%. Alternatively, when the cell SEs ranged from 50 to 65 mJ/m2, the cells formed a flat, homogeneous biofilm with the porosity lower than 20%. Finally, the influencing mechanism of cell SE on biofilm structure was interpreted based on the thermodynamic theory via analyzing the co-adhesion energy between cells. The study has important implications in understanding factors that influence the biofilm structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Libo Guan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
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17
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Pereda O, Solagaistua L, Atristain M, de Guzmán I, Larrañaga A, von Schiller D, Elosegi A. Impact of wastewater effluent pollution on stream functioning: A whole-ecosystem manipulation experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113719. [PMID: 31838390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ecological effects of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents on stream ecosystems cause growing concern. However, it is difficult to assess these effects as most streams receiving WWTP effluents are also affected by other stressors. We performed a whole-ecosystem manipulation experiment following a BACI design (Before-After/Control-Impact) in order to exclude the influence of other potentially confounding factors. We diverted part of the effluent of a large tertiary urban WWTP into a small, unpolluted stream, and studied its effects on ecosystem structure and functioning over two years (i.e., one year before and one year after the effluent diversion). Although highly diluted (final concentration in the receiving stream averaged 3%), the effluent promoted biofilm chlorophyll-a and biomass (2.3 and 2.1 times, respectively), exo-enzymatic activities (phosphatase 2.2 and glucosidase 4.2 times) and invertebrate-mediated organic matter decomposition (1.4 times), but reduced phosphorus uptake capacity of the epilithic biofilm down to 0.5 of the initial values. Biofilm metabolism, reach-scale nutrient uptake and microbially-mediated organic matter decomposition were not affected. Our results indicate that even well treated and highly diluted WWTP effluents can also affect the structure of the biofilm community and stream ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Pereda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Libe Solagaistua
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miren Atristain
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ioar de Guzmán
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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18
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Argudo M, Gich F, Bonet B, Espinosa C, Gutiérrez M, Guasch H. Responses of resident (DNA) and active (RNA) microbial communities in fluvial biofilms under different polluted scenarios. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125108. [PMID: 31669992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from human activities is a major threat to the ecological integrity of fluvial ecosystems. Microbial communities are the most abundant organisms in biofilms, and are key indicators of various pollutants. We investigated the effects some human stressors (nutrients and heavy metals) have on the structure and activity of microbial communities in seven sampling sites located in the Ter River basin (NE Spain). Water and biofilm samples were collected in order to characterize physicochemical and biofilm parameters. The 16S rRNA gene was analysed out from DNA and RNA extracts to obtain α and β diversity. Principal coordinates analyses (PCoA) of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the resident microbial community revealed that nutrients and conductivity were the main driving forces behind the diversity and composition. The effects of mining have had mainly seen on the taxonomic composition of the active microbial community, but also at the OTUs level. Remarkably, metal-impacted communities were very active, which would indicate a close link with the stress faced, that is probably related to the stimulation of detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Argudo
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain; Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a La Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain
| | - Frederic Gich
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Berta Bonet
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (GEES), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Espinosa
- BETA Tech Center. TECNIO Network, U Science Tech, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, de La Laura 13, 08500, Vic, Spain; Centre d'Estudis dels Rius Mediterranis, Museu Industrial del Ter. Passeig del Ter, 2, 08560, Manlleu, Spain
| | - Marina Gutiérrez
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Helena Guasch
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain; Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a La Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain.
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19
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Effects of multiple stressors on river biofilms depend on the time scale. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15810. [PMID: 31676856 PMCID: PMC6825187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change exposes ecosystems to a myriad of stressors differing in their spatial (i.e. surface of stressed area) and temporal (i.e. exposure time) components. Among freshwater ecosystems, rivers and streams are subject to physical, chemical and biological stressors, which interact with each other and might produce diverging effects depending on exposure time. We conducted a manipulative experiment using 24 artificial streams to examine the individual and combined effects of warming (1.6 °C increase in water temperature), hydrological stress (simulated low-flow situation) and chemical stress caused by pesticide exposure (15.1–156.7 ng L−1) on river biofilms. We examined whether co-occurring stressors could lead to non-additive effects, and if these differed at two different exposure times. Specifically, structural and functional biofilm responses were assessed after 48 hours (short-term effects) and after 30 days (long-term effects) of exposure. Hydrological stress caused strong negative impacts on river biofilms, whereas effects of warming and pesticide exposure were less intense, although increasing on the long term. Most stressor combinations (71%) resulted in non-significant interactions, suggesting overall additive effects, but some non-additive interactions also occurred. Among non-additive interactions, 59% were classified as antagonisms after short-term exposure to the different stressor combinations, rising to 86% at long term. Our results indicate that a 30-day exposure period to multiple stressors increases the frequency of antagonistic interactions compared to a 48-hour exposure to the same conditions. Overall, the impacts of multiple-stressor occurrences appear to be hardly predictable from individual effects, highlighting the need to consider temporal components such as duration when predicting the effects of multiple stressors.
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20
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Calapez AR, Elias CL, Almeida SFP, Brito AG, Feio MJ. Sewage contamination under water scarcity effects on stream biota: biofilm, grazers, and their interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26636-26645. [PMID: 31292867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common anthropogenic impacts on river ecosystems is the effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants. The effects of this contamination on stream biota may be intensified in Mediterranean climate regions, which comprise a drought period that leads to flow reduction, and ultimately to stagnant pools. To assess individual and combined effects of flow stagnation and sewage contamination, biofilm and gastropod grazers were used in a 5-week experiment with artificial channels to test two flow velocity treatments (stagnant flow/basal flow) and two levels of organic contamination using artificial sewage (no sewage input/sewage input). Stressors' effects were determined on biofilm total biomass and chlorophyll (Chl) content, on oxygen consumption and growth rate of the grazers (Theodoxus fluviatilis), and on the interaction grazer-biofilm given by grazer's feeding activity (i.e., biofilm consumption rate). The single effect of sewage induced an increase in biofilm biomass and Chl-a content, simultaneously increasing both grazers' oxygen consumption and their feeding activity. Diatoms showed a higher sensitivity to flow stagnation, resulting in a lower content of Chl-c. Combined stressors interacted antagonistically for biofilm total biomass, Chl-b contents, and grazers's feeding rate. The effect of sewage increasing biofilm biomass and grazing activity was reduced by the presence of flow stagnation (antagonist factor). Our findings suggest that sewage contamination has a direct effect on the functional response of primary producers and an indirect effect on primary consumers, and this effect is influenced by water flow stagnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Calapez
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carmen L Elias
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Salomé F P Almeida
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António G Brito
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Feio
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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Mor JR, Dolédec S, Acuña V, Sabater S, Muñoz I. Invertebrate community responses to urban wastewater effluent pollution under different hydro-morphological conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:483-492. [PMID: 31158676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater effluents bring large amounts of nutrients, organic matter and organic microcontaminants into freshwater ecosystems. The effects of this complex mixture of pollutants on freshwater invertebrates have been studied mainly in temperate rivers and streams with high dilution capacities. In contrast, Mediterranean streams and rivers have lower dilution capacities especially during the seasonal drought, and are therefore exposed to high concentrations of pollutants. Here, we assess the effects of urban wastewater pollution on invertebrate communities from Mediterranean streams under different hydrological conditions. Specifically, we assessed the invertebrates taxonomic composition and functional biological traits in 12 streams, differing in stream and substrate size (sand or cobbles), under low (2 surveys) and baseflow (1 survey) conditions. In each stream, we selected reaches both upstream and downstream of the wastewater discharge point. Our results indicate that urban wastewater pollution favours the most tolerant invertebrate taxa and homogenises functional trait composition over time. Changes in functional traits were more evident during the seasonal drought, when the low flow conditions at the upstream and downstream sites were more severe and, pollutant concentrations downstream were at their highest. However, the effects of urban wastewater pollution were not uniform in the downstream sites; as local invertebrate communities differed in according to the river substrate and stream size (i.e., width and discharge). Overall, urban pollution caused by wastewater enhanced both, taxonomic and functional differences between the invertebrate communities. Such an absence of homogenisation among wastewater pollution impacted sites was probably related to the relevant role of stream substrate-size as well flow conditions in the rivers receiving the impact. These are attributes that need to be considered when setting the pollutant discharge limits in rivers and streams receiving effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi-René Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sylvain Dolédec
- UMR 5023 - LEHNA, Biodiversité et Plasticité dans les Hydrosystèmes, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Sabater-Liesa L, Montemurro N, Font C, Ginebreda A, González-Trujillo JD, Mingorance N, Pérez S, Barceló D. The response patterns of stream biofilms to urban sewage change with exposure time and dilution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:401-411. [PMID: 31005842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater inputs are a relevant pollution source to rivers, contributing a complex mixture of nutrients, organic matter and organic microcontaminants to these systems. Depending on their composition, WWTP effluents might perform either as enhancers (subsidizers) or inhibitors (stressors) of biological activities. In this study, we evaluated in which manner biofilms were affected by treated urban WWTP effluent, and how much they recovered after exposure was terminated. We used indoor artificial streams in a replicated regression design, which were operated for a total period of 56 days. During the first 33 days, artificial streams were fed with increasing concentration of treated effluents starting with non-contaminated water and ending with undiluted effluent. During the recovery phase, the artificial streams were fed with unpolluted water. Sewage effluents contained high concentrations of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, nutrients, and dissolved organic matter. Changes in community structure, biomass, and biofilm function were most pronounced in those biofilms exposed to 58% to 100% of WWTP effluent, moving from linear to quadratic or cubic response patterns. The return to initial conditions did not allow for complete biofilm recovery, but biofilms from the former medium diluted treatments were the most benefited (enhanced response), while those from the undiluted treatments showed higher stress (inhibited response). Our results indicated that the effects caused by WWTP effluent discharge on biofilm structure and function respond to the chemical pressure only in part, and that the biofilm dynamics (changes in community composition, increase in thickness) imprint particular response pathways over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Sabater-Liesa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Font
- ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Sandra Pérez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
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Martin-Laurent F, Topp E, Billet L, Batisson I, Malandain C, Besse-Hoggan P, Morin S, Artigas J, Bonnineau C, Kergoat L, Devers-Lamrani M, Pesce S. Environmental risk assessment of antibiotics in agroecosystems: ecotoxicological effects on aquatic microbial communities and dissemination of antimicrobial resistances and antibiotic biodegradation potential along the soil-water continuum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18930-18937. [PMID: 31055743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have a wide application range in human and veterinary medicines. Being designed for pharmacological stability, most antibiotics are recalcitrant to biodegradation after ingestion and can be persistent in the environment. Antibiotic residues have been detected as contaminants in various environmental compartments where they cause human and environmental threats, notably with respect to the potential emergence and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. An important component of managing environmental risk caused by antibiotics is to understand exposure of soil and water resources to their residues. One challenge is to gain knowledge on the fate of antibiotics in the ecosystem along the soil-water continuum, and on the collateral impact of antibiotics on environmental microorganisms responsible for crucially important ecosystem functions. In this context, the ANTIBIOTOX project aims at studying the environmental fate and impact of two antibiotics of the sulfonamide class of antibiotics, sulfamethazine (SMZ), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Loren Billet
- AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Isabelle Batisson
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Pascale Besse-Hoggan
- CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Joan Artigas
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Laura Kergoat
- Irstea, UR RiverLy, F-69100, Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marion Devers-Lamrani
- AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agroécologie, F-21000, Dijon, France
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Romero F, Sabater S, Font C, Balcázar JL, Acuña V. Desiccation events change the microbial response to gradients of wastewater effluent pollution. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 151:371-380. [PMID: 30616049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents have become increasingly recognized as a stressor for receiving rivers, their effects on river microbial communities remain elusive. Moreover, global change is increasing the frequency and duration of desiccation events in river networks, and we ignore how desiccation might influence the response of microbial communities to WWTP effluents. In this study, we evaluated the interaction between desiccation events and WWTP effluents under different dilution capacities. Specifically, we used artificial streams in a replicated regressional design, exposing first a section of the streams to a 7-day desiccation period and then the full stream to different levels of a realistic WWTP effluent dilution, from 0% to 100% of WWTP effluent proportion of the total stream flow. The microbial community response was assessed by means of high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and quantitative PCR targeting ecologically-relevant microbial groups. Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) was used, together with model fitting, to determine community thresholds and potential indicator taxa. Results show significant interactions between WWTP effluents and desiccation, particularly when sediment type is considered. Indicator taxa included members of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria, with abrupt changes in community structure at WWTP effluent proportion of the total flow above 50%, which is related to nutrient levels ranging 4.6-5.2 mg N-NO3-L-1, 0.21-0.32 mg P-PO43-L-1 and 7.09-9.00 mg DOC L-1. Our work indicates that situations where WWTP effluents account for >50% of the total river flow might risk of dramatic microbial community structure changes and should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Romero
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain.
| | - Sergi Sabater
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona 17071 Spain
| | - Carme Font
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - José Luís Balcázar
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
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Pereda O, Acuña V, von Schiller D, Sabater S, Elosegi A. Immediate and legacy effects of urban pollution on river ecosystem functioning: A mesocosm experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:960-970. [PMID: 30597797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) consist of complex mixtures of substances that can affect processes in the receiving ecosystems. Some of these substances (toxic contaminants) stress biological activity at all concentrations, while others (e.g., nutrients) subsidize it at low concentrations and stress it above a threshold, causing subsidy-stress responses. Thus, the overall effects of WWTP effluents depend mostly on their composition and the dilution capacity of the receiving water bodies. We assessed the immediate and legacy effects of WWTP effluents in artificial streams, where we measured the uptake of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by the biofilm, biomass accrual, benthic metabolism and organic matter decomposition (OMD). In a first phase (32 d), the channels were subjected to a gradient of effluent contribution, from pure stream water to pure effluent. WWTP effluent affected the ecosystem processes we measured, although we found no clear subsidy-stress patterns except for biofilm biomass accrual. Instead, most of the processes were subsidized, although they showed complex and process-specific patterns. Benthic metabolism and OMD were subsidized without saturation, as they peaked at medium and high levels of pollution, respectively, but they never fell below control levels. SRP uptake was the only process that decreased with increasing effluent concentration. In a second phase of the experiment (23 d), all channels were kept on pure stream water to analyse the legacy effects of the effluent. For most of the processes, there were clear legacy effects, which followed either subsidy, stress, or subsidy-stress patterns. SRP uptake capacity was stressed with increasing pollution legacy, whereas algal accrual and benthic metabolism continued being subsidized. Conversely, biofilm biomass accrual and OMD showed no legacy effects. Overall, the WWTP effluent caused complex and process-specific responses in our experiment, mainly driven by the mixed contribution of subsidizers and stressors. These results help improving our understanding of the effects of urban pollution on stream ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Pereda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Faculty of Science and Technology, the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Arenas-Sánchez A, López-Heras I, Nozal L, Vighi M, Rico A. Effects of increased temperature, drought, and an insecticide on freshwater zooplankton communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:396-411. [PMID: 30365191 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we performed a microcosm experiment to assess the effects of the insecticide lufenuron on zooplankton communities exposed to increased temperature and drought in (semi-)arid regions. The experiment consisted of 3 environmental scenarios, assessed in 2 parts. Firstly, we assessed how water temperature (20 and 28 °C) affects the sensitivity and resilience of the zooplankton community to lufenuron. Secondly, we investigated the influence of drought on the structure of the zooplankton community at a high water temperature (28 °C) and evaluated its possible interaction with lufenuron. The results show that the community exposed to lufenuron at 28 °C had a faster lufenuron-related response and recovery than the community at 20 °C. The combined effects of lufenuron and temperature resulted in a synergistic effect on some taxa (Daphnia sp., Cyclopoida, and Copepoda nauplii). The tested zooplankton community had a high resilience to drought, although some particular taxa were severely affected after desiccation (Calanoida). Interactions between drought and lufenuron were not statistically significant. However, rewetting after desiccation contributed to lufenuron remobilization from sediments and resulted in a slight Cyclopoida population decline at high exposure concentrations. The study shows how environmental conditions related to global change in (semi-)arid regions may influence chemical fate and the vulnerability of zooplankton communities to chemical stress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:396-411. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Heras
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Nozal
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Smeti E, von Schiller D, Karaouzas I, Laschou S, Vardakas L, Sabater S, Tornés E, Monllor-Alcaraz LS, Guillem-Argiles N, Martinez E, Barceló D, López de Alda M, Kalogianni E, Elosegi A, Skoulikidis N. Multiple stressor effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in a Mediterranean temporary river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1179-1187. [PMID: 30180326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydrological and biological complexity of temporary rivers as well as their importance in providing goods and services is increasingly recognized, as much as it is the vulnerability of the biotic communities in view of climate change and increased anthropogenic pressures. However, the effects of flow intermittency (resulting from both seasonal variations and rising hydrological pressure) and pollution on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have been overlooked in these ecosystems. We explore the way multiple stressors affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (B-EF) relationship in a Mediterranean temporary river. We measured diversity of benthic communities (i.e. diatoms and macroinvertebrates) and related ecosystem processes (i.e. resource use efficiency-RUE and organic matter breakdown-OMB) across a pollution and flow intermittency gradient. Our results showed decreases in macroinvertebrate diversity and the opposite trend in diatom assemblages, whereas ecosystem functioning was negatively affected by both pollution and flow intermittency. The explored B-EF relationships showed contrasting results: RUE decreased with higher diatom diversity, whereas OMB increased with increased macroinvertebrate diversity. The different responses suggest contrasting operating mechanisms, selection effects possibly driving the B-EF relationship in diatoms and complementarity effects driving the B-EF relationship in macroinvertebrates. The understanding of multiple stressor effects on diversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as the B-EF relationship in temporary rivers could provide insights on the risks affecting ecosystem functioning under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Smeti
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos, 19013 Athens, Greece.
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos, 19013 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Laschou
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos, 19013 Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos, 19013 Athens, Greece
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Tornés
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Luis Simón Monllor-Alcaraz
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Guillem-Argiles
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martinez
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos, 19013 Athens, Greece
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Skoulikidis
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos, 19013 Athens, Greece
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Corcoll N, Yang J, Backhaus T, Zhang X, Eriksson KM. Copper Affects Composition and Functioning of Microbial Communities in Marine Biofilms at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3248. [PMID: 30671047 PMCID: PMC6331542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) pollution in coastal areas is a worldwide threat for aquatic communities. This study aims to demonstrate the usefulness of the DNA metabarcoding analysis in order to describe the ecotoxicological effect of Cu at environmental concentrations on marine periphyton. Additionally, the study investigates if Cu-induced changes in community structure co-occurs with changes in community functioning (i.e., photosynthesis and community tolerance to Cu). Periphyton was exposed for 18 days to five Cu concentrations, between 0.01 and 10 μM, in a semi-static test. Diversity and community structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms were assessed by 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing, respectively. Community function was studied as impacts on algal biomass and photosynthetic activity. Additionally, we studied Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) using photosynthesis as the endpoint. Sequencing results detected an average of 9,504 and 1,242 OTUs for 16S and 18S, respectively, reflecting the high biodiversity of marine periphytic biofilms. Eukaryotes represent the most Cu-sensitive kingdom, where effects were seen already at concentrations as low as 0.01 μM. The structure of the prokaryotic part of the community was impacted at slightly higher concentrations (0.06 μM), which is still in the range of the Cu concentrations observed in the area (0.08 μM). The current environmental quality standard for Cu of 0.07 μM therefore does not seem to be sufficiently protective for periphyton. Cu exposure resulted in a more Cu-tolerant community, which was accompanied by a reduced total algal biomass, increased relative abundance of diatoms and a reduction of photosynthetic activity. Cu exposure changed the network of associations between taxa in the communities. A total of 23 taxa, including taxa within Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Stramenopiles, and Hacrobia, were identified as being particularly sensitive to Cu. DNA metabarcoding is presented as a sensitive tool for community-level ecotoxicological studies that allows to observe impacts simultaneously on a multitude of pro- and eukaryotic taxa, and therefore to identify particularly sensitive, non-cultivable taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Corcoll
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Karl Martin Eriksson
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gomes IB, Simões LC, Simões M. The effects of emerging environmental contaminants on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from drinking water in planktonic and sessile states. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1348-1356. [PMID: 30189551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concerns on the presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water sources have increased in recent years. The lack of efficient technologies to remove ECs from residual waters contributes for their appearance in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). Therefore, sessile microorganisms on DWDS pipes are continuously exposed to trace concentrations of ECs. However, no data exists on the role of ECs on the resident microbiota. The present work aims to understand the effects of prolonged exposure of a bacterial strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, isolated from a DWDS, in both planktonic and biofilm states, to trace concentrations of selected ECs (antipyrine-ANTP; diclofenac sodium salt-DCF; ibuprofen-IBP; galaxolide-GAL; tonalide-TON; carbamazepine-CBZ; clofibric acid-CA; tylosin-TY) on its tolerance to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and resistance to antibiotics. Pre-established S. maltophilia biofilms were exposed to ECs for 26 d. Subsequently, the planktonic behaviour of the biofilm cells grown in the presence of ECS was characterized in terms of susceptibility to NaOCl and to selected antibiotics (levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Moreover, S.maltophilia was tested on its biofilm productivity in the presence of ECs (alone and mixed). These biofilms were challenged by NaOCl in order to assess the role of ECs on biofilm susceptibility. The results did not evidence remarkable effects of ECs on planktonic S. maltophilia susceptibility to NaOCl and antibiotics. However, S. maltophilia biofilm production and susceptibility to NaOCl was affected from ECs pre-exposure, particularly by the combination of different ECs (CA + CBZ, CA + IBP, CA + CBZ + IBP). S. maltophilia biofilms became more resistant to removal by NaOCl when developed in the presence of mixtures of CA + CBZ and CA + CBZ + IBP. Also, biofilm production was significantly affected. CA was present in all the combinations that altered biofilm behaviour. The overall results propose that exposure to ECs for 26 days had not a huge impact on S. maltophilia planktonic antimicrobial susceptibility. Nevertheless, the prolonged exposure to some ECs altered biofilm production and tolerance to NaOCl, with a potential practical outcome of hindering DWDS disinfection. The simultaneous presence of different ECs in the environment may amplify biofilm resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia C Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Tornés E, Mor JR, Mandaric L, Sabater S. Diatom responses to sewage inputs and hydrological alteration in Mediterranean streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:369-378. [PMID: 29574361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the conjoint effects of sewage inputs and hydrological alteration on the occurrence of teratological forms and on the assemblage composition of stream benthic diatoms. The study was performed in 11 Mediterranean streams which received treated or untreated urban sewage (Impact sites, I), whose composition and morphological anomalies were compared to upstream unaffected (Control, C) sites. The impact sites had high concentrations of ammonium, phosphorus, and pharmaceutical compounds (antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatories), particularly in those receiving untreated sewage. Impact sites had a higher proportion of teratological forms as well as a prevalence of diatom taxa tolerant to pollution. The differences in the diatom assemblage composition between the paired C and I sites were the largest in the impacted sites that received untreated sewage inputs as well as in the systems with lower dilution capacity. In these sites, the diatom assemblage was composed by a few pollution-tolerant species. Mediterranean river systems facing hydrological stress are highly sensitive to chemical contamination, leading to the homogenization of their diatom assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Tornés
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain; ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain
| | - Jordi-René Mor
- ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ladislav Mandaric
- ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain; ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain.
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Romero F, Sabater S, Timoner X, Acuña V. Multistressor effects on river biofilms under global change conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1-10. [PMID: 29426119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are confronted with multiple chemical, biological and physical stressors. Co-occurring stressors commonly result in additive responses, but non-additive interactions may also occur, hindering our predicting capacity. Despite growing interest in multiple stressor research, the response of freshwater communities to co-occurring chemical and climate change-related physical stressors remains largely unexplored. Here, we used a microcosm approach to evaluate the effect of the combined action of chemical and physical stressors on river biofilms. Results showed that additive responses dominated, whereas 14.5% of all responses were non-additive (75% antagonisms and 25% synergisms). Among these non-additive interactions, physical stressors dominated over chemicals and drove the overall responses. Overall, the occurrence of these non-additive interactions, together with the dominance of the climate-change related physical stressors, might lead to unexpected responses as a result of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Romero
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, (Spain).
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, (Spain); Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, (Spain)
| | - Xisca Timoner
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, (Spain)
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, (Spain)
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Archundia D, Boithias L, Duwig C, Morel MC, Flores Aviles G, Martins JMF. Environmental fate and ecotoxicological risk of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole across the Katari catchment (Bolivian Altiplano): Application of the GREAT-ER model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1046-1055. [PMID: 29890574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Archundia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP*, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France; ERNO-CONACYT, Av. Luis Donaldo Colosio SN, Los Arcos, 83250 Hermosillo, Son, México
| | - L Boithias
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, France
| | - C Duwig
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP*, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - M-C Morel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP*, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNAM, Laboratoire d'analyses chimiques et bioanalyses, Paris Cedex 3, France
| | - G Flores Aviles
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP*, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Agua, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - J M F Martins
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP*, IGE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Serra-Compte A, Maulvault AL, Camacho C, Álvarez-Muñoz D, Barceló D, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Marques A. Effects of water warming and acidification on bioconcentration, metabolization and depuration of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:824-834. [PMID: 29462777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Warming and acidification are expected impacts of climate change to the marine environment. Besides, organisms that live in coastal areas, such as bivalves, can also be exposed to anthropogenic pollutants like pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). In this study, the effects of warming and acidification on the bioconcentration, metabolization and depuration of five PhACs (sotalol, sulfamethoxazole, venlafaxine, carbamazepine and citalopram) and two EDCs (methylparaben and triclosan) were investigated in the mussel species (Mytilus galloprovincialis), under controlled conditions. Mussels were exposed to warming and acidification, as well as to the mixture of contaminants up to 15.7 μg L-1 during 20 days; followed by 20 days of depuration. All contaminants bioconcentrated in mussels with levels ranging from 1.8 μg kg-1 dry weight (dw) for methylparaben to 12889.4 μg kg-1 dw for citalopram. Warming increased the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of sulfamethoxazole and sotalol, whereas acidification increased the BCF of sulfamethoxazole, sotalol and methylparaben. In contrast, acidification decreased triclosan levels, while both stressors decreased venlafaxine and citalopram BCFs. Warming and acidification facilitated the elimination of some of the tested compounds (i.e. sotalol from 50% in control to 60% and 68% of elimination in acidification and warming respectively). However, acidification decreased mussels' capacity to metabolize contaminants (i.e. venlafaxine). This work provides a first insight in the understanding of aquatic organisms' response to emerging contaminants pollution under warming and acidification scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serra-Compte
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Ana Luisa Maulvault
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Camacho
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Álvarez-Muñoz
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Serra-Compte A, Corcoll N, Huerta B, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sabater S, Barceló D, Álvarez-Muñoz D. Fluvial biofilms exposed to desiccation and pharmaceutical pollution: New insights using metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1382-1388. [PMID: 29054673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In many arid and semi-arid systems, biological communities in river ecosystems are submitted to flow interruption and desiccation, as well as to the impact of urban wastewaters. In this work, we studied (using a LC-LTQ-Orbitrap) the metabolomic response of biofilm communities exposed to both hydrological and chemical stressors. Fluvial biofilms were exposed to a mixture of 9 pharmaceuticals at a total concentration of 5000ng/L (mimicking concentrations and compounds found in polluted aquatic environments) and/or to seven days of desiccation, under laboratory conditions. The biosynthesis of fatty acids was the main metabolic pathway disrupted in biofilms. Endogenous biofilm's metabolites (metabolome) altered due to these stressors were identified. The metabolites that significantly changed only due to one of the stressors could be proposed as potential specific biomarkers. A biomarker of pharmaceutical exposure was the lysophosphatidic acid, which decreased a 160%, while for desiccation stearidonic acid (increased 160%), 16-Oxohexadecanoic acid (increased 340%) and palmitoleic acid (decreased 290%) were the biomarkers proposed. Besides, other metabolites showed different responses depending on the treatment, such as palmitic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and azelaic acid. The Carbon:Phosphorus (C:P) molar ratio increased due to all stress factors, whereas the algal community composition changed mainly due to desiccation. A possible relationship between those changes observed in structural parameters and the metabolome of biofilms was explored. Overall, our findings support the use of metabolomics to unravel at molecular level the effects from chemical and physical stressors on complex microbial communities, such as biofilms, and pinpoint biomarkers of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serra-Compte
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Corcoll
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Department Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belinda Huerta
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Álvarez-Muñoz
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Rožman M, Acuña V, Petrović M. Effects of chronic pollution and water flow intermittency on stream biofilms biodegradation capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:1131-1137. [PMID: 29102172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A mesocosm case study was conducted to gain understanding and practical knowledge on biofilm emerging contaminants biodegradation capacity under stressor and multiple stressor conditions. Two real life scenarios: I) biodegradation in a pristine intermittent stream experiencing acute pollution and II) biodegradation in a chronically polluted intermittent stream, were examined via a multifactorial experiment using an artificial stream facility. Stream biofilms were exposed to different water flow conditions i.e. permanent and intermittent water flow. Venlafaxine, a readily biodegradable pharmaceutical was used as a measure of biodegradation capacity while pollution was simulated by a mixture of four emerging contaminants (erythromycin, sulfisoxazole, diclofenac and imidacloprid in addition to venlafaxine) in environmentally relevant concentrations. Biodegradation kinetics monitored via LC-MS/MS was established, statistically evaluated, and used to link biodegradation with stress events. The results suggest that the effects of intermittent flow do not hinder and may even stimulate pristine biofilm biodegradation capacity. Chronic pollution completely reduced biodegradation in permanent water flow experimental treatments while no change in intermittent streams was observed. A combined effect of water flow conditions and emerging contaminants exposure on biodegradation was found. The decrease in biodegradation due to exposure to emerging contaminants is significantly greater in streams with permanent water flow suggesting that the short and medium term biodegradation capacity in intermittent systems may be preserved or even greater than in perennial streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rožman
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Corcoll N, Österlund T, Sinclair L, Eiler A, Kristiansson E, Backhaus T, Eriksson KM. Comparison of four DNA extraction methods for comprehensive assessment of 16S rRNA bacterial diversity in marine biofilms using high-throughput sequencing. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3898816. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Arenas-Sánchez A, Rico A, Vighi M. Effects of water scarcity and chemical pollution in aquatic ecosystems: State of the art. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:390-403. [PMID: 27513735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is an expanding climate and human related condition, which drives and interacts with other stressors in freshwater ecosystems such as chemical pollution. In this study we provide an overview of the existing knowledge regarding the chemical fate, biological dynamics and the ecological risks of chemicals under water scarcity conditions. We evaluated a total of 15 studies dealing with the combined effects of chemicals and water scarcity under laboratory conditions and in the field. The results of these studies have been elaborated in order to evaluate additive, synergistic or antagonistic responses of the studied endpoints. As a general rule, it can be concluded that, in situations of water scarcity, the impacts of extreme water fluctuations are much more relevant than those of an additional chemical stressor. Nevertheless, the presence of chemical pollution may result in exacerbated ecological risks in some particular cases. We conclude that further investigations on this topic would take advantage on the focus on some specific issues. Experimental (laboratory and model ecosystem) studies should be performed on different biota groups and life stages (diapausing eggs, immature stages), with particular attention to those including traits relevant for the adaptation to water scarcity. More knowledge on species adaptations and recovery capacity is essential to predict community responses to multiple stressors and to assess the community vulnerability. Field studies should be performed at different scales, particularly in lotic systems, in order to integrate different functional dynamics of the river ecosystem. Combining field monitoring and experimental studies would be the best option to reach more conclusive, causal relationships on the effects of co-occurring stressors. Contribution of these studies to develop ecological models and scenarios is also suggested as an improvement for the prospective aquatic risk assessment of chemicals in (semi-)arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Rico A, Van den Brink PJ, Leitner P, Graf W, Focks A. Relative influence of chemical and non-chemical stressors on invertebrate communities: a case study in the Danube River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1370-82. [PMID: 27450262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge for the ecological risk assessment of chemicals has been to evaluate the relative contribution of chemical pollution to the variability observed in biological communities, as well as to identify multiple stressor groups. In this study we evaluated the toxic pressure exerted by >200 contaminants to benthic macroinvertebrates in the Danube River using the Toxic Unit approach. Furthermore, we evaluated correlations between several stressors (chemical and non-chemical) and biological indices commonly used for the ecological status assessment of aquatic ecosystems. We also performed several variation partitioning analyses to evaluate the relative contribution of contaminants and other abiotic parameters (i.e. habitat characteristics, hydromorphological alterations, water quality parameters) to the structural and biological trait variation of the invertebrate community. The results of this study show that most biological indices significantly correlate to parameters related to habitat and physico-chemical conditions, but showed limited correlation with the calculated toxic pressure. The calculated toxic pressure, however, showed little variation between sampling sites, which complicates the identification of pollution-induced effects. The results of this study show that the variation in the structure and trait composition of the invertebrate community are mainly explained by habitat and water quality parameters, whereas hydromorphological alterations play a less important role. Among the water quality parameters, physico-chemical parameters such as suspended solids, nutrients or dissolved oxygen explained a larger part of the variation in the invertebrate community as compared to metals or organic contaminants. Significant correlations exist between some physico-chemical measurements (e.g. nutrients) and some chemical classes (i.e. pharmaceuticals, chemicals related to human presence) which constitute important multiple stressor groups. This study demonstrates that, in large rivers like the Danube, the variation in the invertebrate community seems to be more related to varying habitat and physico-chemical conditions than to chemical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Leitner
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Focks
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Aristi I, Casellas M, Elosegi A, Insa S, Petrovic M, Sabater S, Acuña V. Nutrients versus emerging contaminants-Or a dynamic match between subsidy and stress effects on stream biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:208-215. [PMID: 26845368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors, which might be differentiated into two types: those that reduce biological activity at all concentrations (toxic contaminants), and those that subsidize biological activity at low concentrations and reduce it at high concentrations (assimilable contaminants). When occurring in mixtures, these contaminants can have either antagonistic, neutral or synergistic effects; but little is known on their joint effects. We assessed the interaction effects of a mixture of assimilable and toxic contaminants on stream biofilms in a manipulative experiment using artificial streams, and following a factorial design with three nutrient levels (low, medium or high) and either presence or absence of a mixture of emerging contaminants (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diclofenac, methylparaben, and sulfamethoxazole). We measured biofilm biomass, basal fluorescence, gross primary production and community respiration. Our initial hypotheses were that biofilm biomass and activity would: increase with medium nutrient concentrations (subsidy effect), but decrease with high nutrient concentrations (stress effect) (i); decrease with emerging contaminants, with the minimum decrease at medium nutrient concentrations (antagonistic interaction between nutrients subsidy and stress by emerging contaminants) and the maximum decrease at high nutrient concentrations (synergistic interaction between nutrients and emerging contaminants stress) (ii). All the measured variables responded linearly to the available nutrients, with no toxic effect at high nutrient concentrations. Emerging contaminants only caused weak toxic effects in some of the measured variables, and only after 3-4 weeks of exposure. Therefore, only antagonistic interactions were observed between nutrients and emerging contaminants, as medium and high nutrient concentrations partly compensated the harmful effects of emerging contaminants during the first weeks of the experiment. Our results show that contaminants with a subsidy effect can alleviate the effects of toxic contaminants, and that long-term experiments are required to detect stress effects of emerging contaminants at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Aristi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Casellas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Elosegi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the Basque Country, PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - S Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - V Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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40
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Straub JO. Aquatic environmental risk assessment for human use of the old antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:767-79. [PMID: 25693841 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an old sulfonamide antibiotic that was launched first in combination with trimethoprim in 1969 by F.Hoffmann-La Roche. Although sales figures for SMX have been declining over the past 20 yr, the compound is still widely used; moreover, many measured environmental concentrations (MECs) are available from Europe, the United States, Asia, Australia, and Africa. To assess aquatic risks of SMX in Europe, the exposure of European surface waters was predicted based on actual sales figures from IMS Health, incorporating environmental fate data on one side, and based on collated MECs representing more than 5500 single measurements in Europe on the other. Environmental effects were assessed using chronic and subchronic ecotoxicity data for 16 groups of aquatic organisms, from periphyton communities to cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants, various invertebrates, and vertebrates. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived using both deterministic and probabilistic methodology. The predicted environmental concentration (PEC)/PNEC and MEC/PNEC comparisons overall showed no appreciable risk, except in a low incidence (<0.55%) of cases in which exceptionally high MECs led to MEC/PNEC risk characterization ratios greater than 1. The PNECs derived in the present study can be used to extend aquatic environmental risk assessment for SMX to other continents. No risk appears for indirect human exposure to SMX via the environment.
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Chonova T, Keck F, Labanowski J, Montuelle B, Rimet F, Bouchez A. Separate treatment of hospital and urban wastewaters: A real scale comparison of effluents and their effect on microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:965-975. [PMID: 26562343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewaters (HWW) contain wider spectrum and higher quantity of pharmaceuticals than urban wastewaters (UWW), but they are generally discharged in sewers without pretreatment. Since traditional urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are not designed to treat HWWs, treated effluents may still contain pollutants that could impair receiving aquatic environments. Hence, a better understanding of the effect of pharmaceuticals in the environment is required. Biofilms are effective "biological sensors" for assessing the environmental effects of pharmaceuticals due to their ability to respond rapidly to physical, chemical and biological fluctuations by changes in their structure and composition. This study evaluated the efficiency of biological treatment with conventional activated sludge system performed parallel on HWW and UWW. Furthermore, six successive monthly colonizations of biofilms were done on autoclaved stones, placed in grid-baskets in the hospital treated effluents (HTE) and urban treated effluents (UTE). The biomass of these biofilms as well as the structure and diversity of their bacterial communities were investigated. Results showed better treatment efficiency for phosphate and nitrite/nitrate during the treatment of UWW. Pharmaceuticals from all investigated therapeutic classes (beta-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, analgesics and anticonvulsants) were efficiently removed, except for carbamazepine. The removal efficiency of the antibiotics, NSAIDs and beta-blockers was higher during the treatment of HWW. HTE and UTE shaped the bacterial communities in different ways. Higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the HTE caused adapted development of the microbial community, leading to less developed biomass and lower bacterial diversity. Seasonal changes in solar irradiance and temperature, caused changes in the community composition of biofilms in both effluents. According to the removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals, the separate treatment was beneficial. However, their high concentrations in the HTE and the following adaptations of biofilm communities identify the importance of adapting wastewater treatment to specific hospital pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Chonova
- INRA, UMR CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon-les-bains, France; Université Savoie Mont Blanc, UMR CARRTEL, F-73011 Chambéry, France.
| | - François Keck
- INRA, UMR CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon-les-bains, France; Université Savoie Mont Blanc, UMR CARRTEL, F-73011 Chambéry, France
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, UMR CNRS 7285, Inst Chim Milieux & Mat Poitiers, F-86022 Poitiers, France
| | - Bernard Montuelle
- INRA, UMR CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon-les-bains, France; Université Savoie Mont Blanc, UMR CARRTEL, F-73011 Chambéry, France
| | - Frédéric Rimet
- INRA, UMR CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon-les-bains, France; Université Savoie Mont Blanc, UMR CARRTEL, F-73011 Chambéry, France
| | - Agnès Bouchez
- INRA, UMR CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon-les-bains, France; Université Savoie Mont Blanc, UMR CARRTEL, F-73011 Chambéry, France
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42
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Huerta B, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Nannou C, Nakis L, Ruhí A, Acuña V, Sabater S, Barcelo D. Determination of a broad spectrum of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in biofilm from a waste water treatment plant-impacted river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:241-9. [PMID: 26087856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the main sources of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in freshwater ecosystems, and several studies have reported bioaccumulation of these compounds in different organisms in those ecosystems. River biofilms are exceptional indicators of pollution, but very few studies have focused on the accumulation of these emerging contaminants. The objectives of this study were first to develop an efficient analytical methodology for the simultaneous analysis of 44 pharmaceuticals and 13 endocrine disrupting compounds in biofilm, and second, to assess persistence, distribution, and bioaccumulation of these contaminants in natural biofilms inhabiting a WWTP-impacted river. The method is based on pressurized liquid extraction, purification by solid-phase extraction, and analysis by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) in tandem. Recoveries for pharmaceuticals were 31-137%, and for endocrine disruptors 32-93%. Method detection limits for endocrine disruptors were in the range of 0.2-2.4 ng g(-1), and for pharmaceuticals, 0.07-6.7 ng g(-1). A total of five endocrine disruptors and seven pharmaceuticals were detected in field samples at concentrations up to 100 ng g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Huerta
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - S Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - C Nannou
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - L Nakis
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Ruhí
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ 85287, USA
| | - V Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - S Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montivili, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - D Barcelo
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Acuña V, Ginebreda A, Mor JR, Petrovic M, Sabater S, Sumpter J, Barceló D. Balancing the health benefits and environmental risks of pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac as an example. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:327-333. [PMID: 26454833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are designed to improve human and animal health, but even the most beneficial pharmaceuticals might raise some questions concerning the consequences of exposure to non-target organisms. To illustrate this situation and using diclofenac as a case-study, we analyze global consumption and occurrence data to identify hot spots of consumption without occurrence data, review the scientific literature on the harmful environmental effects to determine whether the observed concentrations in freshwater are of environmental concern, summarize the current pharmaceutical and environmental policies to highlight policy gaps, and suggest a series of research and policy recommendations, which can be summarized as follows: we need to improve the current knowledge on occurrence in freshwaters to properly implement environmental policies (i), diclofenac might pose a risk to non-target organisms in freshwater (ii); the harmful effects that some pharmaceuticals may have on the environment are not always addressed by environmental policies (iii).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - A Ginebreda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J R Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - J Sumpter
- Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - D Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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