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Shetti R, Boonen K, Smiljanić M, Tejnecký V, Drábek O, Lehejček J. Do trees respond to pollution? A network study of the impact of pollution on spruce growth from Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:124012. [PMID: 38643933 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Tree rings have been reliably used as an environmental proxy over the past decades for environmental reconstructions, simulations and forecasting. In our study, we investigated whether tree-ring chronologies are impacted by pollution. We chose sites in the Krušné hory and the Krkonoše Mountains in the Czech Republic which have a known history of pollution. We sampled Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) in both ranges and compared their chronologies. We found no significant difference in the overall radial growth in the chronologies from both regions. However, we observed an increased heterogeneity in the growth of trees from the 1970s till the 1990s. Coherently, a severe reduction in tree growth from the late 1970s and a recovery towards the early 1990s was evident. We collected and analysed soil samples for pH and exchangeable element concentrations. All seven sampling sites' soils were strongly acidic (pHCaCl2 = 3.3 ± 0.4). The average soil base saturation at Krušné hory was higher than at Krkonoše (39% versus 12%), likely due to more intensive liming. Further, we compared these chronologies to other sites in Europe. Analysing 89 sites, we found that most (9 out of 14) of the sites with significantly reduced radial tree growth were located within the former 'Black Triangle', an area which was subjected to heavy industrialisation and pollution from the 1960s to the 1990s. Atmospheric sulphur deposition was found to negatively affect radial tree-growth, while limited quantities of oxidised nitrogen appeared to have a positive effect. Our results are consistent with previous research, indicating that atmospheric SO2 pollution and subsequent acid fog and rime have led to a reduction in annual radial tree growth across the Black Triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shetti
- Department of Environment, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Pasteurova 15, 400 96, Ústí n. Labem (UJEP), Czech Republic; The Green Concept, Institute for Carbon Assessments and Restoration Ecology, Ketkar Road, Pune, 411004, India
| | - K Boonen
- Department of Environment, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Pasteurova 15, 400 96, Ústí n. Labem (UJEP), Czech Republic.
| | - M Smiljanić
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Soldmannstrasse, 15 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - V Tejnecký
- Department of Soil Sciences and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Drábek
- Department of Soil Sciences and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Lehejček
- Department of Environment, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Pasteurova 15, 400 96, Ústí n. Labem (UJEP), Czech Republic
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2
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Petrash DA, Krám P, Pérez-Rivera KX, Bůzek F, Čuřík J, Veselovský F, Novák M. Soil solution data from Bohemian headwater catchments record atmospheric metal deposition and legacy pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48232-48247. [PMID: 36752921 PMCID: PMC10097769 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil solution chemistry depends largely on mineralogy and organic matter properties of soil horizons with which they interact. Differing lithologies within a given catchment area can influence variability in soil cation exchange capacities and affect solute transport. Zero-tension and tension lysimeters were used to evaluate the fast transport of solutes in the topsoil vs. slow diffusional matrix flow at the subsoil of three contrasting lithology catchments in a mid-elevation mountain forest. Our aim was to test the feasibility of lysimeters' hydrochemical data as a gauge for legacy subsoil pollution. Due to contrasting lithologies, atmospheric legacy pollution prevailing at the soil-regolith interface is differently yet consistently reflected by beryllium, lead, and chromium soil solution concentrations of the three catchments. Geochemical (dis)equilibrium between the soil and soil matrix water governed the hydrochemistry of the soil solutions at the time of collection, potentially contributing to decreased dissolved concentrations with increased depths at sites with higher soil pH. A complementary isotopic δ18O runoff generation model constrained potential seasonal responses and pointed to sufficiently long water-regolith interactions as to permit important seasonal contributions of groundwater enriched in chemical species to the topsoil levels. Our study also reflects subsoil equilibration with atmospheric solutes deposited at the topsoil and thus provides guidance for evaluating legacy pollution in soil profiles derived from contrasting lithology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Petrash
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia.
- Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czechia.
| | - Pavel Krám
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Katherine X Pérez-Rivera
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 926 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - František Bůzek
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Jan Čuřík
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Frantisek Veselovský
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - Martin Novák
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czechia
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3
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Hruška J, Oulehle F, Chuman T, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Trnka M, McDowell WH. Forest growth responds more to air pollution than soil acidification. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0256976. [PMID: 36888624 PMCID: PMC9994739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The forests of central Europe have undergone remarkable transitions in the past 40 years as air quality has improved dramatically. Retrospective analysis of Norway spruce (Picea abies) tree rings in the Czech Republic shows that air pollution (e.g. SO2 concentrations, high acidic deposition to the forest canopy) plays a dominant role in driving forest health. Extensive soil acidification occurred in the highly polluted "Black Triangle" in Central Europe, and upper mineral soils are still acidified. In contrast, acidic atmospheric deposition declined by 80% and atmospheric SO2 concentration by 90% between the late 1980s and 2010s. In this study we oserved that annual tree ring width (TRW) declined in the 1970s and subsequently recovered in the 1990s, tracking SO2 concentrations closely. Furthermore, recovery of TRW was similar in unlimed and limed stands. Despite large increases in soil base saturation, as well as soil pH, as a result of repeated liming starting in 1981, TRW growth was similar in limed and unlimed plots. TRW recovery was interrupted in 1996 when highly acidic rime (originating from more pronounced decline of alkaline dust than SO2 from local power plants) injured the spruce canopy, but recovered soon to the pre-episode growth. Across the long-term site history, changes in soil chemistry (pH, base saturation, Bc/Al soil solution ratio) cannot explain observed changes in TRW at the two study sites where we tracked soil chemistry. Instead, statistically significant recovery in TRW is linked to the trajectory of annual SO2 concentrations or sulfur deposition at all three stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hruška
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Filip Oulehle
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Chuman
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Czech Geological Survey, Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - William H. McDowell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
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4
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Treml V, Tumajer J, Jandová K, Oulehle F, Rydval M, Čada V, Treydte K, Mašek J, Vondrovicová L, Lhotáková Z, Svoboda M. Increasing water-use efficiency mediates effects of atmospheric carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen on growth variability of central European conifers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156483. [PMID: 35675888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate controls forest biomass production through direct effects on cambial activity and indirectly through interactions with CO2, air pollution, and nutrient availability. The atmospheric concentration of CO2, sulfur and nitrogen deposition can also exert a significant indirect control on wood formation since these factors influence the stomatal regulation of transpiration and carbon uptake, that is, intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Here we provide 120-year long tree-ring time series of iWUE, stem growth, climatic and combined sulfur and nitrogen (SN) deposition trends for two common tree species, Pinus sylvestris (PISY) and Picea abies (PCAB), at their lower and upper distribution margins in Central Europe. The main goals were to explain iWUE trends using theoretical scenarios including climatic and SN deposition data, and to assess the contribution of climate and iWUE to the observed growth trends. Our results showed that after a notable increase in iWUE between the 1950s and 1980s, this positive trend subsequently slowed down. The substantial rise of iWUE since the 1950s resulted from a combination of an accelerated increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) and a stable level of leaf intercellular CO2 (Ci). The offset of observed iWUE values above the trajectory of a constant Ci/Ca scenario was explained by trends in SN deposition (all sites) together with the variation of drought conditions (low-elevation sites only). Increasing iWUE over the 20th and 21st centuries improved tree growth at low-elevation drought-sensitive sites. In contrast, at high-elevation PCAB sites, growth was mainly stimulated by recent warming. We propose that SN pollution should be considered in order to explain the steep increase in iWUE of conifers in the 20th century throughout Central Europe and other regions with a significant SN deposition history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Treml
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
| | - Jan Tumajer
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Miloš Rydval
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Čada
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Mašek
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | | | | | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czechia
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5
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The Impact of Clear-Cutting on the Volume and Chemistry of Water at a Sandy Nutrient-Poor Pine Site. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clear-cutting removes a stand cover suddenly, thus impacting soil-surface conditions by the expected increase in the humus breakdown rate, due to the addition of more precipitation and solar radiation. The impacts of removing a forest were studied at a site with deep sandy soils dominated by Scots pine, where three treatments, including a stand left on site, whole-tree harvesting treatment, and stem-only harvesting treatment, were established. Clear-cut precipitation and sub-canopy throughfall were measured. The non-replicated treatments were equipped with lysimeters at depths of −10 cm and −70 cm and in addition, three exploratory wells were drilled to sample groundwater in each of the treatments. The volume and chemistry of the water samples were periodically analyzed. The mean throughfall was 84% of open-area precipitation and the pH of the water penetrating the canopy was significantly lower overall, although the subcanopy samples were only slightly more acidic. Significant differences among the treatments were shown in throughfall (total organic carbon, TOC), shallow subsurface water (pH, TOC, NO3−), subsurface water at the 70-cm depth (NO3−) and also groundwater (pH, TOC, NO3−), where some of the differences had been observed before the stand parts were clear-cut. Limits for drinking water were exceeded in groundwater pH, as the values from both clear-cut sites fell below pH 6.5 following clear-cutting. TOC greater than 5 mg·L−1 was found in the Q1-2020 samples, whereas groundwater nitrate remained low, even though the three wells differed significantly from each other. Due to the non-replicated design of the experiment, generalization of the outcomes is a matter of further research.
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Oulehle F, Tahovská K, Ač A, Kolář T, Rybníček M, Čermák P, Štěpánek P, Trnka M, Urban O, Hruška J. Changes in forest nitrogen cycling across deposition gradient revealed by δ 15N in tree rings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119104. [PMID: 35301033 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree rings provide valuable insight into past environmental changes. This study aimed to evaluate perturbations in tree ring width (TRW) and δ15N alongside soil acidity and nutrient availability gradients caused by the contrasting legacy of air pollution (nitrogen [N] and sulphur [S] deposition) and tree species (European beech, Silver fir and Norway spruce). We found consistent declines of tree ring δ15N, which were temporarily unrelated to the changes in the TRW. The rate of δ15N change in tree rings was related to the contemporary foliar carbon (C) to phosphorus (P) ratio. This observation suggested that the long-term accumulation of 15N depleted N in tree rings, likely mediated by retained N from deposition, was restricted primarily to stands with currently higher P availability. The shifts observed in tree-ring δ15N and TRW suggest that acidic air pollution rather than changes in stand productivity determined alteration of N and C cycles. Stable N isotopes in tree rings provided helpful information on the trajectory of the N cycle over the last century with direct consequences for a better understanding of future interactions among N, P and C cycles in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Ač
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kolář
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rybníček
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Čermák
- Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Trnka
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Treml V, Mašek J, Tumajer J, Rydval M, Čada V, Ledvinka O, Svoboda M. Trends in climatically driven extreme growth reductions of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in Central Europe. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:557-570. [PMID: 34610189 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extreme tree growth reductions represent events of abrupt forest productivity decline and carbon sequestration reduction. An increase in their magnitude can represent an early warning signal of impending tree mortality. Yet the long-term trends in extreme growth reductions remain largely unknown. We analyzed the trends in the proportion of trees exhibiting extreme growth reductions in two Central-European conifer species-Pinus sylvestris (PISY) and Picea abies (PCAB)-between 1901 and 2018. We used a novel approach for extreme growth reduction quantification by relating their size to their mean recurrence interval. Twenty-eight sites throughout Czechia and Slovakia with 1120 ring width series representing high- and low-elevation forests were inspected for extreme growth reductions with recurrence intervals of 15 and 50 years along with their link to climatic drivers. Our results show the greatest growth reductions at low-elevation PCAB sites, indicating high vulnerability of PCAB to drought. The proportions of trees exhibiting extreme growth reductions increased over time at low-elevation PCAB, decreased recently following an abrupt increase in the 1970-1980s at high-elevation PCAB, and showed nonsignificant trends in high- and low-elevation PISY. Climatic drivers of extreme growth reductions, however, shifted over time for all site categories as the proportion of low-temperature-induced extreme growth reductions declined since the 1990s, whereas events caused by drought consistently increased in frequency during the same period. We observed higher growth volatility at the lower range of distribution compared with the upper range margin of PISY and PCAB. This will undoubtedly considerably impact tree growth and vitality as temperatures and incidence of drought in Central Europe are expected to further increase with ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Mašek
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Tumajer
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Miloš Rydval
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Čada
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Science, Czech University of Life Science, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Paoli L, Fačkovcová Z, Lackovičová A, Guttová A. Air pollution in Slovakia (Central Europe): a story told by lichens (1960–2020). Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Petrash DA, Novák M, Bohdálková L, Krachler M, Čuřík J, Veselovský F, Štěpánová M, Umbría-Salinas K, Přechová E, Komárek A. Winter arsenic pollution in 10 forest ecosystems in the mountainous border regions of the Czech Republic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16107-16121. [PMID: 33247400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) concentrations and deposition fluxes were measured in snow and rime at 10 mountain-top sites near the borders between the Czech Republic and Austria, Germany, Poland, and Slovakia during three consecutive winter seasons (2009-2011). Our study was performed at a time following several decades of sharply decreasing regional atmospheric pollution and following the 2006 implementation of stricter air quality standards across Europe. Our objective was to compare vertical and horizontal depositions of soluble and insoluble As forms throughout the Czech Republic and define a recent Central European As pollution gradient. Arsenic soluble in weak nitric acid contributed 83 to 85% to the total As deposition, with the remaining 17-15% bound to stable particulate forms. The highest As deposition rates were recorded in the eastern Czech Republic near the borders with Poland and Slovakia. Complementary hydrochemical monitoring in four mountain-slope catchments situated near selected main study sites revealed a further decrease in open-area As deposition by the end of 2018 in the east of the country. In contrast, spruce canopy throughfall flux did not change significantly between 2009-2011 and 2016-2018. The site-specific relative roles of coal-burning-derived and ore-smelting-derived atmospheric As are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Petrash
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
- Soil and Water Research Infrastrucutre, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Novák
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Leona Bohdálková
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Micheal Krachler
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 2340, 76125, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Čuřík
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - František Veselovský
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Štěpánová
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Karelys Umbría-Salinas
- Soil and Water Research Infrastrucutre, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Přechová
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Czech Geological Survey, Geologicka 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Arnost Komárek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Sokolovska 49, 186 75, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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10
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Bosela M, Tumajer J, Cienciala E, Dobor L, Kulla L, Marčiš P, Popa I, Sedmák R, Sedmáková D, Sitko R, Šebeň V, Štěpánek P, Büntgen U. Climate warming induced synchronous growth decline in Norway spruce populations across biogeographical gradients since 2000. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141794. [PMID: 32898800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Covering large parts of Europe, Norway spruce (Picea abies L Karst.) plays an important role in the adaptation strategy of forest services to future climate change. Although dendroecology can provide valuable information on the past relationships between tree growth and climate, most previous studies were biased towards species-specific distribution limits, where old individuals grow slowly under extreme conditions. In the present study, we investigated the growth variability and climate sensitivity of 2851 Norway spruce trees along longitudinal (E 12-26°), latitudinal (N 45-51°), and elevation (118-1591 m a.s.l.) gradients in central-eastern Europe. We reveal that summer weather significantly affects the radial growth of spruce trees, but the effects strongly vary along biogeographical gradients. Extreme summer heatwaves in 2000 and 2003 reduced the growth rates by 10-35%, most pronounced in the southern Carpathians. In contrast to the population in the Czech Republic, climate warming induced a synchronous decline in the growth rates across biogeographical gradients in the Carpathian arc. By demonstrating the increased vulnerability of Norway spruce under warmer climate conditions, we recommended that the forest services and conservation managers replace or admix monocultures of this species with more drought-resilient mixtures including fir, beech and other broadleaved species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bosela
- Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia; National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Tumajer
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, 254 01 Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic; University of Greifswald, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, 254 01 Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Dobor
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kulla
- National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Peter Marčiš
- Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Research and Development Institute for Silviculture "Marin Drăcea", Calea Bucovinei, 76bis, Câmpulung Moldovenesc 725100, Romania; Center of Mountain Economy (INCE - CE-MONT), Petreni, 49, Vatra Dornei, 725700, Romania
| | - Róbert Sedmák
- Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Sedmáková
- Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Roman Sitko
- Technical University in Zvolen, T.G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Šebeň
- National Forest Centre, T.G. Masaryka 22, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place CB2 3EN, UK; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Tumajer J, Kašpar J, Kuželová H, Shishov VV, Tychkov II, Popkova MI, Vaganov EA, Treml V. Forward Modeling Reveals Multidecadal Trends in Cambial Kinetics and Phenology at Treeline. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:613643. [PMID: 33584770 PMCID: PMC7875878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.613643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Significant alterations of cambial activity might be expected due to climate warming, leading to growing season extension and higher growth rates especially in cold-limited forests. However, assessment of climate-change-driven trends in intra-annual wood formation suffers from the lack of direct observations with a timespan exceeding a few years. We used the Vaganov-Shashkin process-based model to: (i) simulate daily resolved numbers of cambial and differentiating cells; and (ii) develop chronologies of the onset and termination of specific phases of cambial phenology during 1961-2017. We also determined the dominant climatic factor limiting cambial activity for each day. To asses intra-annual model validity, we used 8 years of direct xylogenesis monitoring from the treeline region of the Krkonoše Mts. (Czechia). The model exhibits high validity in case of spring phenological phases and a seasonal dynamics of tracheid production, but its precision declines for estimates of autumn phenological phases and growing season duration. The simulations reveal an increasing trend in the number of tracheids produced by cambium each year by 0.42 cells/year. Spring phenological phases (onset of cambial cell growth and tracheid enlargement) show significant shifts toward earlier occurrence in the year (for 0.28-0.34 days/year). In addition, there is a significant increase in simulated growth rates during entire growing season associated with the intra-annual redistribution of the dominant climatic controls over cambial activity. Results suggest that higher growth rates at treeline are driven by (i) temperature-stimulated intensification of spring cambial kinetics, and (ii) decoupling of summer growth rates from the limiting effect of low summer temperature due to higher frequency of climatically optimal days. Our results highlight that the cambial kinetics stimulation by increasing spring and summer temperatures and shifting spring phenology determine the recent growth trends of treeline ecosystems. Redistribution of individual climatic factors controlling cambial activity during the growing season questions the temporal stability of climatic signal of cold forest chronologies under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tumajer
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jan Tumajer,
| | - Jakub Kašpar
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Kuželová
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimir V. Shishov
- Laboratory for Integral Studies of Forest Dynamics of Eurasia, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Tychkov
- Laboratory for Integral Studies of Forest Dynamics of Eurasia, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Margarita I. Popkova
- Laboratory for Integral Studies of Forest Dynamics of Eurasia, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Vaganov
- Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Rectorate, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Václav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Novak M, Farkas J, Kram P, Hruska J, Stepanova M, Veselovsky F, Curik J, Andronikov AV, Sebek O, Simecek M, Fottova D, Bohdalkova L, Prechova E, Koubova M, Vitkova H. Controls on δ26Mg variability in three Central European headwater catchments characterized by contrasting bedrock chemistry and contrasting inputs of atmospheric pollutants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242915. [PMID: 33253305 PMCID: PMC7703950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium isotope ratios (26Mg/24Mg) can provide insights into the origin of Mg pools and fluxes in catchments where Mg sources have distinct isotope compositions, and the direction and magnitude of Mg isotope fractionations are known. Variability in Mg isotope compositions was investigated in three small, spruce-forested catchments in the Czech Republic (Central Europe) situated along an industrial pollution gradient. The following combinations of catchment characteristics were selected for the study: low-Mg bedrock + low Mg deposition (site LYS, underlain by leucogranite); high-Mg bedrock + low Mg deposition (site PLB, underlain by serpentinite), and low-Mg bedrock + high Mg deposition (site UDL, underlain by orthogneiss). UDL, affected by spruce die-back due to acid rain, was the only investigated site where dolomite was applied to mitigate forest decline. The δ26Mg values of 10 catchment compartments were determined on pooled subsamples. At LYS, a wide range of δ26Mg values was observed across the compartments, from -3.38 ‰ (bedrock) to -2.88 ‰ (soil), -1.48% (open-area precipitation), -1.34 ‰ (throughfall), -1.19 ‰ (soil water), -0.99 ‰ (xylem), -0.95 ‰ (needles), -0.82 ‰ (bark), -0.76 ‰ (fine roots), and -0.76 ‰ (runoff). The δ26Mg values at UDL spanned 1.32 ‰ and were thus less variable, compared to LYS. Magnesium at PLB was isotopically relatively homogeneous. The δ26Mg systematics was consistent with geogenic control of runoff Mg at PLB. Mainly atmospheric/biological control of runoff Mg was indicated at UDL, and possibly also at LYS. Our sites did not exhibit the combination of low-δ26Mg runoff and high-δ26Mg weathering products (secondary clay minerals) reported from several previously studied sites. Six years after the end of liming at UDL, Mg derived from dolomite was isotopically undetectable in runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Novak
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Juraj Farkas
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague 5, Czech Republic
- Department of Earth Sciences, Metal Isotope Group (MIG), The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pavel Kram
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hruska
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jan Curik
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondrej Sebek
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Eva Prechova
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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13
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Bohdálková L, Novák M, Krachler M, Míková J, Chrastný V, Veselovský F, Voldřichová P, Pacherová P, Komárek A, Přechová E. Cadmium contents of vertically and horizontally deposited winter precipitation in Central Europe: Spatial distribution and long-term trends. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114949. [PMID: 32563118 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and its forms has recently been a focus of attention due to its toxic effects on human health and the environment. We evaluated the atmospheric deposition of Cd during three consecutive winter seasons (2009-2011) at 10 mountain-top locations in the Czech Republic along the borders with Poland, Germany, Austria and Slovakia. Cadmium concentrations of soluble and insoluble forms in both horizontal (rime) and vertical (snow) deposition were determined using sector-field ICP-MS. Across the sites, 94% of the total winter Cd deposition occurred in the soluble (environmentally available) Cd form. Mean concentrations of soluble Cd in rime were six times higher than in snow (398 vs. 66 ng L-1). Vertical deposition contributed as much as 41% to the total winter Cd input. Between-site variability in Cd deposition was large, ranging between 13 and 108 μg m-2 winter-1. Overall, Cd concentrations in winter deposition did not reach the drinking water limits and did not pose a direct threat for human health. Long-term trends (1996-2017) in winter Cd deposition were evaluated at six GEOMON sites (a monitoring network of small forested catchments). Since 1996, Cd input in winter atmospheric deposition decreased by 73-93%. Simultaneously, we found declines in between-site variability in winter Cd inputs. The highest recent winter Cd inputs were found at sites located in the northeast of the country. A north-south pollution gradient, which has frequently been mentioned in the literature, was not observed, with both northwestern sites and southern sites being among those with the lowest Cd pollution. Backward trajectories of the HYSPLIT model for fresh snow samples identified Poland and Germany as major transboundary Cd pollution sources for the Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Bohdálková
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Novák
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Krachler
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jitka Míková
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Chrastný
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Voldřichová
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pacherová
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Arnošt Komárek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Sokolovská 83, 186 75, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Přechová
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Landsat-Based Indices Reveal Consistent Recovery of Forested Stream Catchments from Acid Deposition. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Central European forests suffered from severe, large-scale atmospheric depositions of sulfur and nitrogen due to coal-based energy production during the 20th century. High deposition of acid compounds distorted soil chemistry and had negative effects on forest physiology and growth. Since 1994, continuous data on atmospheric deposition and stream runoff fluxes have provided evidence of ecosystem recovery from acidification. In this study, we combined for the first time mass budget data (sulfur deposition and total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export) from the GEOMON monitoring network of headwater catchments with annual trajectories of vegetation indices derived from Landsat remote sensing observations. Time series of selected vegetation indices was constructed from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 using Google Earth Engine. Linear regression between the field data and vegetation indices was analyzed using R software. Biogeochemical responses of the forested catchment to declining acid deposition (driven by SO2 emission reduction) were consistent across all catchments covering various forest stands from different regions of the Czech Republic. Significant correlations were found with total sulfur depositions, suggesting that the forests are continuously and consistently prospering from reductions in acid deposition. Disturbance index (DI) was the only vegetation index that was well-related to changes in forest cover associated with salvage loggings (due to the forest decline) during the 1980s and 1990s. A significant relationship (R2 = 0.82) was found between the change in DI and DIN export in stream water. Regrowth of young forests in these highly affected areas tracks the most pronounced changes in total DIN export, suggesting a prominent role of vegetation in nitrogen retention. With the Landsat-derived DI, we could map decennial changes in forest disturbances beyond the small scale of the catchments to the regional level (demonstrated here for two protected landscape areas). This analysis showed the peak in forest disturbances to have occurred around the mid-1990s, followed by forest recovery and regrowth. Despite the improvement in forest ecosystem functioning over the past three decades in mountainous areas, emerging threats connected to changing climate will shape forest development in the near future.
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15
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Havelcová M, Machovič V, Novák F, Lapčák L, Mizera J, Hendrych J. Chemical characterization of mountain forest soils: impact of long-term atmospheric deposition loadings (Czech-Polish-German border region). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20344-20357. [PMID: 32239414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The composition of lipids in soil offers clues to soil degradation processes due their persistency and selectivity in soil, and close relation to long-term processes in the ecosystem, thanks to their role in cell membranes of organisms. Organic solvent-extractable compounds were recovered from soils collected at two sites differing in the degree of forest damage. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied in order to characterize solvent-extractable lipids. Raman spectroscopy was also applied as it provides distinct advantages for determining the structural order of carbonaceous materials. The organic matter measurement techniques were combined with an established simultaneous multi-element measurement technique. Variations in individual soil horizons from the sites were reflected in the crystallinity of epicuticular waxes, presence of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, concentrations of n-alkanes, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, and in the content of aromatic structures, hydroxyl, ester, and carboxylic acid groups. The results are explained by differently transformed organic matter. The concentrations of elements in the soils were also affected by atmospheric depositions, including higher accumulations of arsenic and antimony, and lower contents of natural nutrients. These data have potential to be used as sensitive biogenic indicators of ecosystem damage by long-term atmospheric depositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Havelcová
- Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, AS CR V Holešovičkách 41, 182 09, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Machovič
- Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, AS CR V Holešovičkách 41, 182 09, Prague, Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Novák
- Technopark Kralupy, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 278 01, Kralupy nad Vltavou, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Lapčák
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mizera
- Institute of Nuclear Physic, Řež 130, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hendrych
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Šantrůčková H, Cienciala E, Kaňa J, Kopáček J. The chemical composition of forest soils and their degree of acidity in Central Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:96-103. [PMID: 31203012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We conducted an extensive screening of forest soils in the whole area of the Czech Republic to determine their degree of acidification and potential degradation. Soils were sampled at 480 forest sites (in a 7 × 7 km grid covering the entire Czech Republic) from the upper 30-cm layer and included both organic and mineral horizons. Based on values of water extractable pH (pHH2O), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation (BS), soils were divided into three categories by their degree of acidity, i.e., non-or-low-acidic (NLA; pHH2O ≥ 4.2, CEC ≥ 150 meq kg-1, BS ≥ 15%), moderately acidic (MA; at least one parameter is below the limits for the NLA category), and strongly acidic (SA; all three parameters are below the limits for the NLA category). Only 11% of sampled soils were classified in the NLA category, while 58% and 31% belonged to the MA and SA category, respectively. The SA soils had median values of pHH2O, CEC, and BS of 3.9, 102 meq kg-1, and 10.2%, respectively, and their molar ratios between exchangeable concentrations of base cations to aluminum (BCex/Alex) were <0.6, indicating a high likelihood of adverse Al effects on plant growth. Moreover, the SA soils exhibited lowest ratios between extractable nutrients (base cations and phosphorus) and dissolved N (DN), indicating other than N limitation of plant growth at these sites, and elevated risks of reactive N leaching. In contrast, the NLA soils had median values of pHH2O, CEC, BS and BCex/Alex of 5.4, 199 meq kg-1, 95%, and 0.7 respectively. For these soils, neither adverse effects of Al nor elevated N losses are likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Šantrůčková
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science and SoWa, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kaňa
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science and SoWa, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Kopáček
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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17
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Effects of Bark Stripping on Timber Production and Structure of Norway Spruce Forests in Relation to Climatic Factors. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of bark stripping caused by sika deer (Cervus nippon [Temminck]) on the production and structure of young Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forest stands (41–43 years). Production parameters, structure, diversity, and the dynamics of radial growth in selected forest stands in relation to climatic conditions were evaluated. Similar to other production parameters, stand volumes showed lower values on research plots heavily damaged by bark stripping (290 m3 ha−1) compared to stands with lower tree stem damages (441 m3 ha−1). A significant decrease in stem volume was recorded for trees with stem circumference damage higher than 1/3 of the stem circumference. In most cases, the trees were damaged between the ages of 10–23 years, specifically the radial growth was significantly lowered in this period. The diameter increment of damaged trees dropped to 64% of the healthy counterparts in this period. Bark stripping damages reached up to 93% of the stem circumference with a mean damage of 31%. Stem rot was found on 62% of damaged trees. In our study area, with respect to the terms of climatic conditions, precipitation had a higher effect on radial growth of the Norway spruce compared to temperature. The main limiting climatic factor of tree growth was the lack of precipitation within a growing season, particularly in June of the current year.
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18
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Schmitz A, Sanders TGM, Bolte A, Bussotti F, Dirnböck T, Johnson J, Peñuelas J, Pollastrini M, Prescher AK, Sardans J, Verstraeten A, de Vries W. Responses of forest ecosystems in Europe to decreasing nitrogen deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:980-994. [PMID: 30469293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Average nitrogen (N) deposition across Europe has declined since the 1990s. This resulted in decreased N inputs to forest ecosystems especially in Central and Western Europe where deposition levels are highest. While the impact of atmospheric N deposition on forests has been receiving much attention for decades, ecosystem responses to the decline in N inputs received less attention. Here, we review observational studies reporting on trends in a number of indicators: soil acidification and eutrophication, understory vegetation, tree nutrition (foliar element concentrations) as well as tree vitality and growth in response to decreasing N deposition across Europe. Ecosystem responses varied with limited decrease in soil solution nitrate concentrations and potentially also foliar N concentrations. There was no large-scale response in understory vegetation, tree growth, or vitality. Experimental studies support the observation of a more distinct reaction of soil solution and foliar element concentrations to changes in N supply compared to the three other parameters. According to the most likely scenarios, further decrease of N deposition will be limited. We hypothesize that this expected decline will not cause major responses of the parameters analysed in this study. Instead, future changes might be more strongly controlled by the development of N pools accumulated within forest soils, affected by climate change and forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmitz
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, Haus 41/42, Eberswalde, 16225, Germany; University of Göttingen, Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Tanja G M Sanders
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, Haus 41/42, Eberswalde, 16225, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, Haus 41/42, Eberswalde, 16225, Germany; University of Göttingen, Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, piazzale delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy.
| | - Thomas Dirnböck
- Department for Ecosystem Research and Environmental Information Management, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jim Johnson
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain.
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, piazzale delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy.
| | - Anne-Katrin Prescher
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Möller-Straße 1, Haus 41/42, Eberswalde, 16225, Germany.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain.
| | - Arne Verstraeten
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Gaverstraat 4, Geraardsbergen, 9500, Belgium.
| | - Wim de Vries
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Research, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, NL-6700, the Netherlands; Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, PO Box 47, AA Wageningen, NL-6700, the Netherlands.
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Oulehle F, Tahovská K, Chuman T, Evans CD, Hruška J, Růžek M, Bárta J. Comparison of the impacts of acid and nitrogen additions on carbon fluxes in European conifer and broadleaf forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:884-893. [PMID: 29631233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased reactive nitrogen (N) loadings to terrestrial ecosystems are believed to have positive effects on ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. Global "hot spots" of N deposition are often associated with currently or formerly high deposition of sulphur (S); C fluxes in these regions might therefore not be responding solely to N loading, and could be undergoing transient change as S inputs change. In a four-year, two-forest stand (mature Norway spruce and European beech) replicated field experiment involving acidity manipulation (sulphuric acid addition), N addition (NH4NO3) and combined treatments, we tested the extent to which altered soil solution acidity or/and soil N availability affected the concentration of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), soil respiration (Rs), microbial community characteristics (respiration, biomass, fungi and bacteria abundances) and enzyme activity. We demonstrated a large and consistent suppression of soil water DOC concentration driven by chemical changes associated with increased hydrogen ion concentrations under acid treatments, independent of forest type. Soil respiration was suppressed by sulphuric acid addition in the spruce forest, accompanied by reduced microbial biomass, increased fungal:bacterial ratios and increased C to N enzyme ratios. We did not observe equivalent effects of sulphuric acid treatments on Rs in the beech forest, where microbial activity appeared to be more tightly linked to N acquisition. The only changes in C cycling following N addition were increased C to N enzyme ratios, with no impact on C fluxes (either Rs or DOC). We conclude that C accumulation previously attributed solely to N deposition could be partly attributable to their simultaneous acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Karolina Tahovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Chuman
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Chris D Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environmental Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute, AS CR, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Růžek
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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20
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Cienciala E, Altman J, Doležal J, Kopáček J, Štěpánek P, Ståhl G, Tumajer J. Increased spruce tree growth in Central Europe since 1960s. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1637-1647. [PMID: 29122345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth response to recent environmental changes is of key interest for forest ecology. This study addressed the following questions with respect to Norway spruce (Picea abies, L. Karst.) in Central Europe: Has tree growth accelerated during the last five decades? What are the main environmental drivers of the observed tree radial stem growth and how much variability can be explained by them? Using a nationwide dendrochronological sampling of Norway spruce in the Czech Republic (1246 trees, 266 plots), novel regional tree-ring width chronologies for 40(±10)- and 60(±10)-year old trees were assembled, averaged across three elevation zones (break points at 500 and 700m). Correspondingly averaged drivers, including temperature, precipitation, nitrogen (N) deposition and ambient CO2 concentration, were used in a general linear model (GLM) to analyze the contribution of these in explaining tree ring width variability for the period from 1961 to 2013. Spruce tree radial stem growth responded strongly to the changing environment in Central Europe during the period, with a mean tree ring width increase of 24 and 32% for the 40- and 60-year old trees, respectively. The indicative General Linear Model analysis identified CO2, precipitation during the vegetation season, spring air temperature (March-May) and N-deposition as the significant covariates of growth, with the latter including interactions with elevation zones. The regression models explained 57% and 55% of the variability in the two tree ring width chronologies, respectively. Growth response to N-deposition showed the highest variability along the elevation gradient with growth stimulation/limitation at sites below/above 700m. A strong sensitivity of stem growth to CO2 was also indicated, suggesting that the effect of rising ambient CO2 concentration (direct or indirect by increased water use efficiency) should be considered in analyses of long-term growth together with climatic factors and N-deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Cs. armády 655, 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Institute of Botany of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kopáček
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Göran Ståhl
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Department of Forest Resource Management, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Tumajer
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Cs. armády 655, 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical geography and Geoecology, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Augustaitis A, Augustaitienė I, Baugarten M, Bičenkienė S, Girgždienė R, Kulbokas G, Linkevičius E, Marozas V, Mikalajūnas M, Mordas G, Mozgeris G, Petrauskas E, Pivoras A, Šidlauskas G, Ulevičius V, Vitas A, Matyssek R. Tree-ring formation as an indicator of forest capacity to adapt to the main threats of environmental changes in Lithuania. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:1247-1261. [PMID: 29751430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global changes occurring under different environmental conditions have changed stand competition, as well as nutrient and light availability, which has resulted in changes in productivity. Therefore, in the present study, the characteristics of tree-ring width formation of the prevailing Lithuanian tree species, Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver and downy birch, and key factors resulting in their differences during the last 36-year period were investigated at forest sites located on poor mineral oligotrophic and on nutrient-rich organic mesoeutrophic soils. The aim of the study was as follows: first, to separately detect the maximum possible seasonal effect of three groups of variables - meteorology, acidifying pollutants and surface ozone on the stem basal area increment (BAI) of the evaluated tree species; second, to assess the significance of each group of variables affecting the BAI of these tree species integrally with the remaining groups of variables. Norway spruce was found to be well adapted to recent environmental changes, which makes it one of the most favourable tree species for silviculture in the northeastern part of Europe. The rapid increases recorded in growth intensity since 1980 were attributed to the increase in air temperature, precipitation amount, nitrogen deposition during the vegetative stage and reductions in SO2 concentrations and S deposition. Scots pine demonstrated the highest level of resilience and capacity to adapt to recent global changes because its reaction to both negative and favourable environmental factors was best expressed. Silver and downy birch tree reactions to the effects of air concentrations of acidifying compounds, their deposition and surface ozone concentrations were the least expressed; however, a significant decline in growth intensity indicated that these tree species experienced a reduced resistance to recent changes in environmental conditions in the mature and over-mature age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Augustaitis
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | | | - Manuela Baugarten
- Chair Ecophysiology of Plants, Dep. Ecology, WZW, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Steigvilė Bičenkienė
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Raselė Girgždienė
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Gintaras Kulbokas
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | - Edgaras Linkevičius
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | - Vitas Marozas
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | - Marius Mikalajūnas
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | - Genrik Mordas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Gintautas Mozgeris
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | - Edmundas Petrauskas
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | - Ainis Pivoras
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | - Giedrius Šidlauskas
- Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentų 13, LT-53362, Kaunas dstr, Lithuania.
| | - Vidmantas Ulevičius
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Adomas Vitas
- Vytautas Magnum University, Centre of Environmental Research, Faculty of Nature Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Ž.E. Žilibero str. 2, LT-46324 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rainer Matyssek
- Chair Ecophysiology of Plants, Dep. Ecology, WZW, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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22
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Altman J, Fibich P, Santruckova H, Dolezal J, Stepanek P, Kopacek J, Hunova I, Oulehle F, Tumajer J, Cienciala E. Environmental factors exert strong control over the climate-growth relationships of Picea abies in Central Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:506-516. [PMID: 28755600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth response of trees to changing climate is frequently discussed as increasing temperatures and more severe droughts become major risks for forest ecosystems. However, the ability of trees to cope with the changing climate and the effects of other environmental factors on climate-growth relationships are still poorly understood. There is thus an increasing need to understand the ability of individual trees to cope with changing climate in various environments. To improve the current understanding, a large tree-ring network covering the whole area of the Czech Republic (in 7×7km grids) was utilized to investigate how the climate-growth relationships of Norway spruce are affected by 1) various geographical variables, 2) changing levels of acidic deposition, 3) soil characteristics and 4) age, tree diameter and neighbourhood competition. The period from 1930 to 2013 was divided into four, 21-year long intervals of differing levels of acidic deposition, which peaked in the 1972-1993 period. Our individual-based, spatiotemporal, multivariate analyses revealed that spruce growth was mostly affected by drought and warm summers. Drought plays the most important negative role at lower altitudes, while the positive effect of higher temperature was identified for trees at higher altitudes. Increased levels of acidic deposition, together with geographical variables, were identified as the most important factors affecting climate-growth association. Tree age, tree size and soil characteristics also significantly modulate climate-growth relationships. The importance of all environmental variables on climate-growth relationships was suppressed by acidic deposition during periods when this was at a high level; growth was significantly more enhanced by spring and summer temperatures during these periods. Our results suggest that spruce will undergo significant growth reduction under the predicted climate changes, especially at the lower altitudes which lie outside of its natural range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Fibich
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Santruckova
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stepanek
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kopacek
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Hunova
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tumajer
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic
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23
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Distinct environmental variables drive the community composition of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi at the alpine treeline ecotone. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Cienciala E, Russ R, Šantrůčková H, Altman J, Kopáček J, Hůnová I, Štěpánek P, Oulehle F, Tumajer J, Ståhl G. Discerning environmental factors affecting current tree growth in Central Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:541-554. [PMID: 27575361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of individual environmental factors on the current spruce tree growth assessed from a repeated country-level statistical landscape (incl. forest) survey in the Czech Republic. An extensive set of variables related to tree size, competition, site characteristics including soil texture, chemistry, N deposition and climate was tested within a random-effect model to explain growth in the conditions of dominantly managed forest ecosystems. The current spruce basal area increment was assessed from two consecutive landscape surveys conducted in 2008/2009 and six years later in 2014/2015. Tree size, age and competition within forest stands were found to be the dominant explanatory variables, whereas the expression of site characteristics, environmental and climatic drives was weaker. The significant site variables affecting growth included soil C/N ratio and soil exchangeable acidity (pH KCl; positive response) reflecting soil chemistry, long-term N-deposition (averaged since 1975) in combination with soil texture (clay content) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a drought index expressing moisture conditions. Sensitivity of growth to N-deposition was positive, although weak. SPI was positively related to and significant in explaining tree growth when expressed for the growth season. Except SPI, no significant relation of growth was determined to altitude-related variables (temperature, growth season length). We identified the current spruce growth optimum at elevations about 800ma.s.l. or higher in the conditions of the country. This suggests that at lower elevations, limitation by a more pronounced water deficit dominates, whereas direct temperature limitation may concern the less frequent higher elevations. The mixed linear model of spruce tree growth explained 55 and 65% of the variability with fixed and random effects included, respectively, and provided new insights on the current spruce tree growth and factors affecting it within the environmental gradients of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Cs. armády 655, 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Russ
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Cs. armády 655, 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šantrůčková
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kopáček
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Hůnová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Šabatce 2050/17, Komořany, 143 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Oulehle
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tumajer
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Cs. armády 655, 254 01 Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical geography and Geoecology, Albertov 6, 12 843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Göran Ståhl
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Department of Forest Resource Management, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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25
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Carbon and Nitrogen Pools and Fluxes in Adjacent Mature Norway Spruce and European Beech Forests. FORESTS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/f7110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Kajukało K, Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł B, Gałka M, Kołaczek P, Lamentowicz M. Abrupt ecological changes in the last 800 years inferred from a mountainous bog using testate amoebae traits and multi-proxy data. Eur J Protistol 2016; 55:165-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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