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Mwanake RM, Imhof HK, Kiese R. Divergent drivers of the spatial variation in greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal in Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32183-32199. [PMID: 38649602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Lotic ecosystems are sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere, but their emissions are uncertain due to longitudinal GHG heterogeneities associated with point source pollution from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we quantified summer concentrations and fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and dinitrogen (N2), as well as several water quality parameters along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal, two critical inland waterways in Germany. Our main objectives were to compare GHG concentrations and fluxes along the two ecosystems and to determine the main driving factors responsible for their longitudinal GHG heterogeneities. The results indicated that the two ecosystems were sources of GHG fluxes to the atmosphere, with the Mittelland Canal being a hotspot for CH4 and N2O fluxes. We also found significant longitudinal GHG flux discontinuities along the mainstems of both ecosystems, which were mainly driven by divergent drivers. Along the Mittelland Canal, peak CO2 and CH4 fluxes coincided with point pollution sources such as a joining river tributary or the presence of harbors, while harbors and in-situ biogeochemical processes such as methanogenesis and respiration mainly explained CH4 and CO2 hotspots along the Rhine River. In contrast to CO2 and CH4 fluxes, N2O longitudinal trends along the two lotic ecosystems were better predicted by in-situ parameters such as chlorophyll-a concentrations and N2 fluxes. Based on a positive relationship with N2 fluxes, we hypothesized that in-situ denitrification was driving N2O hotspots in the Canal, while a negative relationship with N2 in the Rhine River suggested that coupled biological N2 fixation and nitrification accounted for N2O hotspots. These findings stress the need to include N2 flux estimates in GHG studies, as it can potentially improve our understanding of whether nitrogen is fixed through N2 fixation or lost through denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Mwangada Mwanake
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
| | - Hannes Klaus Imhof
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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2
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Zhang Y, Yang P, Wang Y, Zhao G, Zheng Z, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Li S. Rainstorm and strong wind weathers largely increase greenhouse gases flux in shallow ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171478. [PMID: 38453071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Shallow-water ponds represent the hotspots of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Most current studies focus on the temporal dynamics for GHGs in water, with little consideration given to the effects of weather changes. In this study, we measured and compared the concentrations and fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O from a pond in Northeast China under different meteorological conditions. Results showed that the rates of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from pond into the atmosphere during strong winds were 85.85 ± 7.55 mmol m-2 d-1, 22.05 ± 6.80 mmol m-2 d-1, and 10.87 ± 0.72 μmol m-2 d-1, respectively, significantly higher than those measured during non-rain weather. Among which, over 88 % of CH4 emissions were contributed by ebullition. Meanwhile, the CO2 and N2O flux were also significantly higher during heavy rainfall, reaching 100.05 ± 19.76 mmol m-2 d-1 and 5.90 ± 1.03 μmol m-2 d-1, respectively. Strong winds and precipitation induced sediment disturbances, high gas transport coefficients, reduced photosynthesis and oxygen greatly promoted the GHGs escape evasion. Wind speed, air pressure, solar radiation, and dissolved oxygen in water were important influencing factors. Our results emphasize the importance of capturing short-term weather disturbance events, especially rainstorm and strong winds, to accurately assess the annual GHG budget from these shallow water ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhuangpeng Zheng
- College of Tourism and Resources Environment, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
| | - Yuxing Zou
- School of Tourism and Historical Culture, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Siyue Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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3
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Niu X, Wu W, Shi W, Fu Z, Han X, Li SL, Yan Z. Quantifying the contribution of methane diffusion and ebullition from agricultural ditches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170912. [PMID: 38354794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural ditches are significant methane (CH4) sources since substantial nutrient inputs stimulate CH4 production and emission. However, few studies have quantified the role of diffusion and ebullition pathways in total CH4 emission from agricultural ditches. This study measured the spatiotemporal variations of diffusive and ebullitive CH4 fluxes from a multi-level ditch system in a typical temperate agriculture area, and assessed their contributions to the total CH4 emission. Results illustrated that the mean annual CH4 flux in the ditch system reached 1475.1 mg m-2 d-1, among which 1376.7 mg m-2 d-1 was emitted via diffusion and 98.5 mg m-2 d-1 via ebullition. Both diffusive and ebullitive fluxes varied significantly across different types of ditches and seasons, with diffusion dominating CH4 emission in middle-size ditches and ebullition dominating in large-size ditches. Diffusion was primarily driven by large nutrient inputs from adjacent farmlands, while hydrological factors like water temperature and depth controlled ebullition. Overall, CH4 emission accounted for 86 % of the global warming potential across the ditch system, with 81 % attributed to diffusion and 5 % to ebullition. This study highlights the importance of agricultural ditches as hotspots for CH4 emissions, particularly the dominant role of the diffusion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Niu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zihuan Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingxing Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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4
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Tang W, Xu YJ, Ni M, Li S. Land use and hydrological factors control concentrations and diffusive fluxes of riverine dissolved carbon dioxide and methane in low-order streams. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119615. [PMID: 36682236 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the impacts of land use/land cover types on carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentration and diffusion in 1st to 4th Strahler order tributaries of the Longchuan River to the upper Yangtze River in China by using headspace equilibration method and CO2SYS program. Field sampling and measurements were conducted during the dry and wet seasons from 2017 to 2019. The average of calculated CO2 partial pressure (pCO2, mean ± SD: 2389 ± 3220 μatm) by CO2SYS program was 1.9-fold higher than the value (mean ± SD: 1230 ± 1440 μatm) 10 years ago in the Longchuan River basin, where the urban land area increased by a factor of 7 times. Further analysis showed that corrected pCO2 by headspace method and dissolved CH4 (dCH4) decrease as the stream order and flow velocity increase. The pCO2 and dCH4 in the wet season was lower than that in the dry season. The explanatory ability of land use types on the variation of corrected pCO2 and dCH4 was stronger at the reach scale than at the riparian and catchment scales in two seasons. Urban land at reach scale further showed much higher explanation on corrected pCO2 and dCH4 than cropland, grassland and forest land in the wet season. The Longchuan River emits approximately 112.5 kt CO2-C and 1.0 kt CH4-C per year, being 1.7-fold of the total lateral export of dissolved inorganic and dissolved organic carbon (68.3 kt C y-1). The findings highlight the scale effects of land use on the observed seasonality in dissolved carbon gases in low-order streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Maofei Ni
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, The karst environmental geological hazard prevention laboratory of Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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5
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Patel L, Singh R, Thottathil SD. Land use drivers of riverine methane dynamics in a tropical river basin, India. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 228:119380. [PMID: 36427461 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are globally significant natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4). However, the effect of land use changes on riverine CH4 dynamics, particularly in tropical zones, remain ambiguous, yet important to predict and anticipate the present and future contribution of rivers to the global CH4 budget. The present study examines the magnitude and drivers of riverine CH4 concentration and emission in the tropical Krishna River (KR) basin, India. The large spatial variability of CH4 concentration (0.03 to 185.34 μmol L -1) and emissions (0.04 mmol m-2 d-1 to 1666.24 mmol m-2 d-1) in the KR basin was linked to the site-specific features of the catchments through which rivers are draining. Several fold higher CH4 concentration and emission was observed for the urban river sites (64.63 ± 53.17 µmol L-1 and 294.15 ± 371.52 mmol m2 d-1, respectively) than the agricultural (1.05 ± 2.22 µmol L-1 and 3.45 ± 9.72 mmol m2 d-1, respectively) and forested (0.49 ± 0.23 µmol L-1 and 1.26 ± 0.73 mmol m2 d-1, respectively) sites. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, and Chlorophyll-a were significant hydrochemical variables strongly coupled with the dissolved CH4 concentrations. On the other hand, percentage of built-up area emerged as the most important landscape-level driver indicating that urbanization has an overriding effect on riverine CH4 concentration in the agriculture dominated KR basin. Our study supports the growing notion that tropical urban rivers are hotspot of CH4 emission. Furthermore, we show that the pattern of increasing in riverine CH4 concentration with built-up area (%) is a general feature of Asian river basins. As the urban land cover and population following an exponential increase, Asian rivers might contribute substantially to the regional and global CH4 budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latika Patel
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University AP, Mangalagiri, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University AP, Mangalagiri, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
| | - Shoji D Thottathil
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University AP, Mangalagiri, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India.
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Begum MS, Park JH, Yang L, Shin KH, Hur J. Optical and molecular indices of dissolved organic matter for estimating biodegradability and resulting carbon dioxide production in inland waters: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 228:119362. [PMID: 36427460 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) constitutes the most labile fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which also functions as a source of CO2 emissions from inland waters. However, no systematic review is available on DOM indicators of BDOC and CO2 production potential. Optical and molecular indices can be used to track small changes in DOM composition during biodegradation. In this review, we identified four different methods for measuring BDOC together with their strengths and limitations. In addition, we discuss the potential of using documented optical indices based on absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular indices based on Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry as proxies for estimating BDOC and biodegradation-induced CO2 production based on previously reported relationships in the literature. Many absorbance- and fluorescence-based indices showed inconsistent relationships with BDOC depending on watershed characteristics, hydrology, and anthropogenic impacts. Nevertheless, several indices, including specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), humification index (HIX), and terrestrial humic-like fluorescent DOM (FDOM) components, tended to have negative relationships with BDOC in tropical and temperate watersheds under baseflow or drought periods. Protein-like FDOM exhibited the strongest correlation with BDOC in different systems, except during storms and flood events. Despite the limited number of studies, DOM molecular indices exhibited consistent relationships with BDOC, suggesting that the relative abundance of aliphatic formulas and the molecular lability index could act as reliable proxies. The DOM optical indices explain up to 96% and 78% variability in BDOC and CO2, respectively; nonetheless, there were limited studies on molecular indices, which explain up to 74% variability in BDOC. Based on literature survey, we recommend several sensitive indices such as SUVA254, HIX, and terrestrial humic- and protein-like FDOM, which could be useful indicators of BDOC and dissolved CO2 in inland water. Future research should incorporate a wider range of geographic regions with various land use, hydrology, and anthropogenic disturbances to develop system- or condition-specific DOM optical or molecular proxies for better prediction of BDOC and CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Shirina Begum
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Park
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Liyang Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kyung Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi do 15588, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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7
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Zhang T, Wu S, Fang X, Han Z, Li S, Wang J, Liu S, Zou J. Spatiotemporal variations of dissolved CH 4 concentrations and fluxes from typical freshwater types in an agricultural irrigation watershed in Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120246. [PMID: 36152718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inland freshwater ecosystems are of increasing concerns in global methane (CH4) budget in the atmosphere. Agricultural irrigation watersheds are a potential CH4 emission hotspot owing to the anthropogenic carbon and nutrients loading. However, large-scale spatial variations of CH4 concentrations and fluxes in agricultural catchments remain poorly understood, constraining an accurate regional estimate of CH4 budgets. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal variations of dissolved CH4 concentrations and fluxes from typical freshwater types (ditch, reservoir and river) within an agricultural irrigation watershed from Hongze catchment, which is subjected to intensive agricultural and rural activities in Eastern China. The dissolved CH4 concentrations and fluxes showed similar temporal variations among the three freshwater types, with the highest rates in summer and the lowest rates in winter. The total CH4 emission from this agricultural irrigation watershed was estimated to be 0.002 Gg CH4 yr-1, with annual mean CH4 concentration and flux of 0.12 μmol L-1 and 0.58 mg m-2 d-1, respectively. Diffusive CH4 fluxes varied in samples taken from different freshwater types, the annual mean CH4 fluxes for ditch, reservoir and river were 0.31 ± 0.06, 0.71 ± 0.13 and 0.72 ± 0.25 mg m-2 d-1, respectively. Among three freshwater types, the CH4 fluxes were the lowest in ditch, which was associated with the lowest responses of CH4 fluxes to water dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and sediment dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in ditch. In addition, water velocity and wind speed were significantly lower in ditch than in reservoir and river, suggesting that they also played important roles in explaining the spatial variability of dissolved CH4 concentrations and fluxes. These results highlighted a need for more field measurements with wider spatial coverage and finer frequency, which would further improve the reliability of flux estimates for assessing the contribution of agricultural watersheds to the regional and global CH4 budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiantao Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Gu C, Waldron S, Bass AM. Anthropogenic land use and urbanization alter the dynamics and increase the export of dissolved carbon in an urbanized river system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157436. [PMID: 35863573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from urban rivers play a crucial role in global carbon (C) cycling, this is tightly linked to dissolved C in rivers but research gaps remain. The effects of urbanization and anthropogenic land-use change on riverine dissolved carbon dynamics were investigated in a temperate river, the River Kelvin in UK. The river was constantly a source of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere (excess concentration of CH4 ranged from 13 to 4441 nM, and excess concentration of CO2 ranged from 2.6 to 230.6 μM), and dissolved C concentrations show significant spatiotemporal variations (p < 0.05), reflecting a variety of proximal sources and controls. For example, the concentration variation of dissolved CH4 and dissolved CO2 were heavily controlled by the proximity of coal mine infrastructure in the tributary near the river head (~ 2 km) but were more likely controlled by adjacent landfills in the midstream section of the rivers main channel. Concentration and isotopic evidence revealed an important anthropogenic control on the riverine export of CO2 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). However, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input via groundwater at the catchment scale primarily controlled the dynamics of riverine DIC. Furthermore, the positive relationship between the isotopic composition of DIC and CO2 (r = 0.79, p < 0.01) indicates the DIC pool was at times also significantly influenced by soil respiratory CO2. Both DIC and DOC showed a weak but significant correlation with the proportion of urban/suburban land use, suggesting increased dissolved C export resulting from urbanization. This research elucidates a series of potentially key effects anthropogenic activities and land-use practices can have on riverine C dynamics and highlights the need for future consideration of the direct effects urbanization has on riverine C dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- School of Geographical & Earth Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical & Earth Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Adrian Michael Bass
- School of Geographical & Earth Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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9
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Taniwaki RH, Cunha DGF, Bento CB, Martinelli LA, Stanley EH, Filoso S, Ferreira MDS, França MV, Ribeiro Júnior JW, Schiesari LC, do Carmo JB. Methane concentrations and fluxes in agricultural and preserved tropical headwater streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157238. [PMID: 35810907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropical streams have been intensively impacted by agricultural activities. Among the most important agricultural activities in Brazil, sugarcane production represents a large impact for economic development and for environmental conditions. Permeating sugarcane fields, several headwater streams can be affected by sugarcane cultivation, in special, aquatic biogeochemical cycles because of the deforestation, fertilization, crop residues and higher temperatures in the tropics. In this study, we analyzed the effects of sugarcane cultivation on methane fluxes and concentrations, assuming that carbon cycles are influenced by agricultural activities in headwater streams. Our study aimed to (1) measure methane fluxes and concentrations in tropical streams located in Southeastern Brazil, (2) Analyze whether seasonal cycles influence methane fluxes and concentrations, (3) Evaluate the influence of sugarcane cultivation on methane fluxes and (4) Analyze the association between water chemistry in the methane concentrations in tropical streams. We found mean fluxes of CH4 of 0.280 mmol m-2 d-1, with higher fluxes during the summer and in streams draining preserved catchments. The average CH4 concentrations were 0.695 μmol L-1, with higher values during the summer and in streams draining preserved catchments. Methane concentrations in the studied streams was influenced by dissolved oxygen (negatively), dissolved organic carbon (negatively), water velocity (positively) and conductivity (negatively). Methane concentrations were significantly higher than concentrations found in Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands and similar to concentrations found in other tropical biomes (excluding Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests which receives large amounts of organic inputs). We conclude that sugarcane influence methane concentrations and fluxes in tropical streams by reducing the organic matter availability provided by the native vegetation in soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Hideo Taniwaki
- Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil; Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Bolfarini Bento
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Martinelli
- Isotopic Ecology Laboratory, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Emily H Stanley
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Solange Filoso
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA
| | - Murilo de Souza Ferreira
- Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius França
- Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - José Wagner Ribeiro Júnior
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Luis César Schiesari
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína Braga do Carmo
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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10
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Gu S, Li S, Santos IR. Anthropogenic land use substantially increases riverine CO 2 emissions. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 118:158-170. [PMID: 35305765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from inland waters to the atmosphere are a pivotal component of the global carbon budget. Anthropogenic land use can influence riverine CO2 emissions, but empirical data exploring cause-effect relationships remain limited. Here, we investigated CO2 partial pressures (pCO2) and degassing in a monsoonal river (Yue River) within the Han River draining to the Yangtze in China. Almost 90% of river samples were supersaturated in CO2 with a mean ± standard deviation of 1474 ± 1614 µatm, leading to emissions of 557 - 971 mmol/m2/day from river water to the atmosphere. Annual CO2 emissions were 1.6 - 2.8 times greater than the longitudinal exports of riverine dissolved inorganic and organic carbon. pCO2 was positively correlated to anthropogenic land use (urban and farmland), and negatively correlated to forest cover. pCO2 also had significant and positive relationships with total dissolved nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorus. Stepwise multiple regression models were developed to predict pCO2. Farmland and urban land released nutrients and organic matter to the river system, driving riverine pCO2 enrichment due to enhanced respiration in these heterotrophic rivers. Overall, we show the crucial role of land use driving riverine pCO2, which should be considered in future large-scale estimates of CO2 emissions from streams. Land use change can thus modify the carbon balance of urban-river systems by enhancing river emissions, and reforestation helps carbon neutral in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Gu
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology of Hubei Province, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Isaac R Santos
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
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11
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Leng P, Li Z, Zhang Q, Li F, Koschorreck M. Fluvial CO 2 and CH 4 in a lowland agriculturally impacted river network: Importance of local and longitudinal controls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119125. [PMID: 35283204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite streams and rivers play a critical role as conduits of terrestrially produced organic carbon to the atmosphere, fluvial CO2 and CH4 are seldom integrated into regional carbon budgets. High spatial variability hinders our ability to understand how local and longitudinal controls affect underlying processes of riverine CO2 and CH4 and challenge the prediction and upscaling across large areas. Here, we conducted a survey of fluvial CO2 and CH4 concentrations spanning multiple stream orders within an agriculturally impacted region, the North China Plain. We explored the spatial patterns of fluvial CO2 and CH4 concentrations, and then examined whether catchment and network properties and water chemical parameters can explain the variations in both carbon gases. Streams and rivers were systematically supersaturated with CO2 and CH4 with the mean concentrations being 111 and 0.63 μmol L-1, respectively. Spatial variability of both gases was regulated by network properties and catchment features. Fluvial CO2 and CH4 declined longitudinally and could be modeled as functions of stream order, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature. Both models explained about half of the variability and reflected longitudinal and local drivers simultaneously, albeit CO2 was more local-influenced and CH4 more longitudinal-influenced. Our empirical models in this work contribute to the upscaling and prediction of CO2 and CH4 emissions from streams and rivers and the understanding of proximal and remote controls on spatial patterns of both gases in agriculturally impacted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Leng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Fadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Matthias Koschorreck
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Gu S, Xu YJ, Li S. Unravelling the spatiotemporal variation of pCO 2 in low order streams: Linkages to land use and stream order. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153226. [PMID: 35051457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Headwater streams make the majority of cumulative stream length in a river basin, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from headwater (low order) streams is thus an essential component. Anthropogenic activities in headwater areas such as land use change and land use practices can strongly modify terrestrial carbon and nutrient input, which could affect the level of partial pressure of dissolved carbon dioxide (pCO2) and CO2 degassing from streams. However, there are large uncertainties in estimates due to the lack of data in subtropical rivers of rapidly developing rural regions. The spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of the pCO2 and CO2 degassing from low-order streams remain to be explored. In this study, we assess multi-spatial scale effects of land use on pCO2 dynamics in seven headwater tributary rivers in Central China during 2016, 2017 and 2018 in rainy and dry seasons. Our results reveal that the stream pCO2 level consistently increases as the stream order increases from 1 to 3 under apparent seasonal variations. Riverine pCO2 is positively related to the percentage of urban land and cropland surrounding the river segments, but is negatively related to the percentage of forest land. The stream pCO2 is more closely correlated with the 1000 and 2000 m diameters of circular buffers at upstream sampling sites than the circular buffers with 100 and 500 m diameters. There exist significant relationships of pCO2 with the concentrations of TN, TP, DO, and DOC in the low-order streams. The partial redundancy analysis quantifies the relative importance of anthropogenic land uses, natural factors and water chemical variables in mediating stream pCO2, showing that influences of anthropogenic land uses (urban and cropland) on pCO2 decrease, with a percentage role of 34%, 14%, and 4% in the 1st-, 2nd- and 3rd-order streams, respectively. The impact of nutrients on pCO2, however, increases as the stream order increases. Urban influence on stream pCO2 also decreases as stream order increases. Our study highlights the effect of land use/land cover types and stream order on riverine pCO2 and provides new insight into estimating CO2 emission in headwater streams. Future studies are needed on the linkage between riverine CO2 degassing and stream orders under changing land use conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Gu
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Siyue Li
- Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Lyu M, Yang P, Lai DYF, Tong C, Zhao G, Li L, Zhang Y, Yang H. Spatial variations in CO 2 fluxes in a subtropical coastal reservoir of Southeast China were related to urbanization and land-use types. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:206-218. [PMID: 34607669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from aquatic ecosystems are important components of the global carbon cycle, yet the CO2 emissions from coastal reservoirs, especially in developing countries where urbanization and rapid land use change occur, are still poorly understood. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations in CO2 concentrations and fluxes were investigated in Wenwusha Reservoir located in the southeast coast of China. Overall, the mean CO2 concentration and flux across the whole reservoir were 41.85 ± 2.03 µmol/L and 2.87 ± 0.29 mmol/m2/h, respectively, and the reservoir was a consistent net CO2 source over the entire year. The land use types and urbanization levels in the reservoir catchment significantly affected the input of exogenous carbon to water. The mean CO2 flux was much higher from waters adjacent to the urban land (5.05 ± 0.87 mmol/m2/hr) than other land use types. Sites with larger input of exogenous substance via sewage discharge and upstream runoff were often the hotspots of CO2 emission in the reservoir. Our results suggested that urbanization process, agricultural activities, and large input of exogenous carbon could result in large spatial heterogeneity of CO2 emissions and alter the CO2 biogeochemical cycling in coastal reservoirs. Further studies should characterize the diurnal variations, microbial mechanisms, and impact of meteorological conditions on reservoir CO2 emissions to expand our understanding of the carbon cycle in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Min Lyu
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Derrick Y F Lai
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB United Kingdom.
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14
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Peacock M, Audet J, Bastviken D, Cook S, Evans CD, Grinham A, Holgerson MA, Högbom L, Pickard AE, Zieliński P, Futter MN. Small artificial waterbodies are widespread and persistent emitters of methane and carbon dioxide. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5109-5123. [PMID: 34165851 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inland waters play an active role in the global carbon cycle and emit large volumes of the greenhouse gases (GHGs), methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). A considerable body of research has improved emissions estimates from lakes, reservoirs and rivers but recent attention has been drawn to the importance of small, artificial waterbodies as poorly quantified but potentially important emission hotspots. Of particular interest are emissions from drainage ditches and constructed ponds. These waterbody types are prevalent in many landscapes and their cumulative surface areas can be substantial. Furthermore, GHG emissions from constructed waterbodies are anthropogenic in origin and form part of national emissions reporting, whereas emissions from natural waterbodies do not (according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines). Here, we present GHG data from two complementary studies covering a range of land uses. In the first, we measured emissions from nine ponds and seven ditches over a full year. Annual emissions varied considerably: 0.1-44.3 g CH4 m-2 year-1 and -36-4421 g CO2 m-2 year-1 . In the second, we measured GHG concentrations in 96 ponds and 64 ditches across seven countries, covering subtropical, temperate and sub-arctic biomes. When CH4 emissions were converted to CO2 equivalents, 93% of waterbodies were GHG sources. In both studies, GHGs were positively related to nutrient status (C, N, P), and pond GHG concentrations were highest in smallest waterbodies. Ditch and pond emissions were larger per unit area when compared to equivalent natural systems (streams, natural ponds). We show that GHG emissions from natural systems should not be used as proxies for those from artificial waterbodies, and that artificial waterbodies have the potential to make a substantial but largely unquantified contribution to emissions from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use sector, and the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peacock
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Audet
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - D Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Cook
- School of Biosciences, Division of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - C D Evans
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - A Grinham
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - M A Holgerson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Högbom
- Skogforsk, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A E Pickard
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Zieliński
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - M N Futter
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Aukes PJK, Schiff SL. Composition Wheels: Visualizing dissolved organic matter using common composition metrics across a variety of Canadian ecozones. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253972. [PMID: 34242259 PMCID: PMC8270205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a ubiquitous component of aquatic systems, impacting aquatic health and drinking water quality. These impacts depend on the mixture of organic molecules that comprise DOM. Changing climates are altering both the amount and character of DOM being transported from the terrestrial system into adjacent surface waters, yet DOM composition is not monitored as often as overall concentration. Many DOM characterization methods exist, confounding comparison of DOM composition across different studies. The objective of this research is to determine which parameters in a suite of relatively simple and common DOM characterization techniques explain the most variability in DOM composition from surface and groundwater sites. Further, we create a simple visualization tool to easily compare compositional differences in DOM. A large number of water samples (n = 250) was analyzed from six Canadian ecozones for DOM concentration, ultraviolet-visible light absorbance, molecular size, and elemental ratios. Principal component analyses was used to identify quasi-independent DOM compositional parameters that explained the highest variability in the dataset: spectral slope, specific-UV absorbance at 255nm, humic substances fraction, and dissolved organic carbon to dissolved organic nitrogen ratio. A ‘Composition Wheel’ was created by plotting these four parameters as a polygon. Our results find similarities in DOM composition irrespective of site differences in vegetation and climate. Further, two main end-member Composition Wheel shapes were revealed that correspond to DOM in organic-rich groundwaters and DOM influenced by photodegradation. The Composition Wheel approach uses easily visualized differences in polygon shape to quantify how DOM evolves by natural processes along the aquatic continuum and to track sources and degradation of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J. K. Aukes
- Department of Earth & Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Geography & Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Sherry L. Schiff
- Department of Earth & Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Xiao Q, Hu Z, Hu C, Islam ARMT, Bian H, Chen S, Liu C, Lee X. A highly agricultural river network in Jurong Reservoir watershed as significant CO 2 and CH 4 sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144558. [PMID: 33736232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwaters are receiving growing concerns on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) budget; however, little is known about the anthropogenic sources of CO2 and CH4 from river network in agricultural-dominated watersheds. Here, we chose such a typical watershed and measured surface dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations over 2 years (2015-2017) in Jurong Reservoir watershed for different freshwater types (river network, ponds, reservoir, and ditches), which located in Eastern China and were impacted by agriculture with high fertilizer N application. Results showed that significantly higher gas concentrations occurred in river network (CO2: 112 ± 36 μmol L-1; CH4: 509 ± 341 nmol L-1) with high nutrient concentrations. Dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations were supersaturated in all of the freshwater types with peak saturation ratios generally occurring in river network. Temporal variations in the gas saturations were positively correlated with water temperature. The saturations of CO2 and CH4 were positively correlated with each other in river network, and both of these saturations were also positively correlated with nutrient loadings, and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen concentration. The highly agricultural river network acted as significant CO2 and CH4 sources with estimated emission fluxes of 409 ± 369 mmol m-2 d-1 for CO2 and 1.6 ± 1.2 mmol m-2 d-1 for CH4, and made a disproportionately large, relative to the area, contribution to the total aquatic carbon emission of the watershed. Our results suggested the aquatic carbon emissions accounted for 6% of the watershed carbon budget, and fertilizer N and watersheds land use played a large role in the aquatic carbon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhenghua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Cheng Hu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Joint Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - A R M Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Hang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shutao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuhui Lee
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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17
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Ran L, Butman DE, Battin TJ, Yang X, Tian M, Duvert C, Hartmann J, Geeraert N, Liu S. Substantial decrease in CO 2 emissions from Chinese inland waters due to global change. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1730. [PMID: 33741930 PMCID: PMC7979821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) evasion from inland waters is an important component of the global carbon cycle. However, it remains unknown how global change affects CO2 emissions over longer time scales. Here, we present seasonal and annual fluxes of CO2 emissions from streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs throughout China and quantify their changes over the past three decades. We found that the CO2 emissions declined from 138 ± 31 Tg C yr-1 in the 1980s to 98 ± 19 Tg C yr-1 in the 2010s. Our results suggest that this unexpected decrease was driven by a combination of environmental alterations, including massive conversion of free-flowing rivers to reservoirs and widespread implementation of reforestation programs. Meanwhile, we found increasing CO2 emissions from the Tibetan Plateau inland waters, likely attributable to increased terrestrial deliveries of organic carbon and expanded surface area due to climate change. We suggest that the CO2 emissions from Chinese inland waters have greatly offset the terrestrial carbon sink and are therefore a key component of China's carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Ran
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - David E Butman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tom J Battin
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiankun Yang
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingyang Tian
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Clément Duvert
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Naomi Geeraert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Shaoda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Modelling, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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18
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Yan L, Liu C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Effects of C/N ratio variation in swine biogas slurry on soil dissolved organic matter: Content and fluorescence characteristics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111804. [PMID: 33360215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient-rich biogas slurry shows favorable prospects for application as an organic fertilizer in farmland. At the same time, due to differing sources and treatment methods, the C/N ratio of biogas slurry varies greatly. The effect of differences in C/N of biogas slurry on soil organic matter properties remains unclear. In this experiment, pig farm biogas slurry differing in C/N (3, 6, 8.84 and 12) was applied instead of fertilizer. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in soil dissolved organic matter (DOM). The experimental results showed that the DOC and FDOM contents of soil could be significantly increased at the initial stage of biogas slurry application. Compared with CK, on the 60th day, biogas slurry with a C/N of 12 exhibited the greatest improvement in DOC, FDOM as well as for Component 1, Component 2 and Component 3 contents in soil FDOM, 40.93%, 66.25%, 65.35%, 40.47%, and 78.42% respectively. However, compared with the 0th day, by the 60th day, biogas slurry with a C/N of 8.84 exhibited the greatest decrease in Component 4 content in soil FDOM, 74.68%. Biogas slurry with a C/N of 8.84 exerted the greatest promotion effect on corn growth, the utilization and transformation of Component 4 by plants and microorganisms in the soil. And it showed the strongest improvement in the degree of FDOM humification in the soil, the humification index increased from 4.16 ± 0.17 to 4.92 ± 0.58, compared with CK. This study provided new insights for the utilization of biogas slurry with respect to soil physical and chemical properties and maize plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Yan
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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19
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Li F, Altermatt F, Yang J, An S, Li A, Zhang X. Human activities' fingerprint on multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem functions across a major river catchment in China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6867-6879. [PMID: 32936984 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced global change dramatically alters individual aspects of river biodiversity, such as taxonomic, phylogenetic or functional diversity, and is predicted to lead to losses of associated ecosystem functions. Understanding these losses and dependencies are critical to human well-being. Until now, however, most studies have only looked either at individual organismal groups or single functions, and little is known on the effect of human activities on multitrophic biodiversity and on ecosystem multifunctionality in riverine ecosystem. Here we profiled biodiversity from bacteria to invertebrates based on environmental DNA (hereafter, 'eDNA') samples across a major river catchment in China, and analysed their dependencies with multiple ecosystem functions, especially linked to C/N/P-cycling. Firstly, we found a spatial cross-taxon congruence pattern of communities' structure in the network of the Shaying river, which was related to strong environmental filtering due to human land use. Secondly, human land use explained the decline of multitrophic and multifaceted biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but increased functional redundancy in the riverine ecosystem. Thirdly, biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships at an integrative level showed a concave-up (non-saturating) shape. Finally, structural equation modeling suggested that land use affects ecosystem functions through biodiversity-mediated pathways, including biodiversity loss and altered community interdependence in multitrophic groups. Our study highlights the value of a complete and inclusive assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem functions for an integrated land-use management of riverine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuqing An
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, P. R. China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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20
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Dissolved organic matter in hand-dug well water as groundwater quality indicator: assessment using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate statistical techniques. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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das Neves Lopes M, Decarli CJ, Pinheiro-Silva L, Lima TC, Leite NK, Petrucio MM. Urbanization increases carbon concentration and pCO 2 in subtropical streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18371-18381. [PMID: 32185739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization growth may alter the hydrologic conditions and processes driving carbon concentrations in aquatic systems through local changes in land use. Here, we explore dissolved carbon concentrations (DIC and DOC) along urbanization gradient in Santa Catarina Island to evaluate potential increase of CO2 in streams. Additionally, we assessed chemical, physical, and biotic variables to evaluate direct and indirect effects of urbanization in watersheds. We defined 3 specific urbanization levels: high (> 15% urbanized area), medium (15-5% urbanized area), and low (< 5% urbanized area) urbanization. The results showed that local changes due to growth of urban areas into watersheds altered the carbon concentrations in streams. DOC and DIC showed high concentrations in higher urbanization levels. The watersheds with an urban building area above 5% showed pCO2 predominantly above the equilibrium with the atmosphere. These findings reveal that local modifications in land use may contribute to changes in global climate by altering the regional carbon balance in streams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Pinheiro-Silva
- UFSC, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ecology and Zoology, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cesar Lima
- UFSC, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ecology and Zoology, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nei Kavaguichi Leite
- UFSC, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ecology and Zoology, Florianópolis, Brazil
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22
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Hutchins RHS, Casas-Ruiz JP, Prairie YT, Del Giorgio PA. Magnitude and drivers of integrated fluvial network greenhouse gas emissions across the boreal landscape in Québec. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115556. [PMID: 32058150 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Streams and rivers are now recognized to be sites of intense carbon (C) emissions, yet the lack of C emission estimates that integrate beyond individual river systems has slowed their inclusion in landscape C budgets. Here we apply empirical models of CO2 and CH4 concentrations and gas exchange continuously along entire fluvial networks to derive the total fluvial CO2 and CH4 emissions in large (3000 to 30,000 km2) watersheds located across the boreal biome of Québec (Canada). We assess how total fluvial network C emissions vary with landscape and climate properties, and compare their magnitude to other components of the landscape C budget. The total fluvial network emissions expressed as per unit watershed area ranged from 0.7 to 29.2 g C m-2 yr-1 for CO2, and 4-1780 mg C m-2 yr-1 for CH4, and neither was related to watershed area or drainage density. Rather, watershed slope and terrestrial net productivity were major drivers of the integrated network fluvial emissions. We also show that steeper watersheds had a greater proportion of emissions relative to downstream export of C from the watershed. Integrated fluvial emissions are of the same magnitude as the terrestrial C sink, yet these two fundamental components of the boreal landscape C budget are not tightly coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H S Hutchins
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Joan P Casas-Ruiz
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves T Prairie
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul A Del Giorgio
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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23
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McDonough LK, O'Carroll DM, Meredith K, Andersen MS, Brügger C, Huang H, Rutlidge H, Behnke MI, Spencer RGM, McKenna A, Marjo CE, Oudone P, Baker A. Changes in groundwater dissolved organic matter character in a coastal sand aquifer due to rainfall recharge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115201. [PMID: 31675607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater is fundamentally important with respect to biogeochemical reactions, global carbon cycling, heavy metal transport, water treatability and potability. One source of DOM to groundwater is from the transport of organic matter from the vadose zone by rainfall recharge. Changes in precipitation patterns associated with natural climate variability and climate change are expected to alter the load and character of organic matter released from these areas, which ultimately impacts on groundwater quality and DOM treatability. In order to investigate potential changes in groundwater DOM character after rainfall recharge, we sampled shallow groundwater from a coastal peat-rich sand aquifer in New South Wales, Australia, during an extended period of low precipitation (average daily precipitation rate < 1.6 mm day-1 over the 8 months prior to sampling), and after two heavy precipitation events (84 mm day-1 and 98 mm day-1 respectively). We assess changes in DOM composition after correcting for dilution by a novel combination of two advanced analytical techniques: liquid chromatography organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We also assess changes in water chemistry pre- and post-rainfall. Post-rainfall, we show that the dilution-corrected amount of highly aromatic DOM molecular formulae (i.e. those categorised into the groups polyphenolics and condensed aromatics) were 1.7 and 2.0 times higher respectively than in pre-rainfall samples. We attribute this to the flushing of peat-derived DOM from buried organic material into the groundwater. We also identify that periods of low precipitation can lead to low hydrophilic/HOC ratios in groundwater (median = 4.9, n = 14). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to compare the HOC fraction with FT-ICR MS compound groups. We show that HOC has a more aromatic character in pre-rainfall samples, and is less similar to the aromatic groups in post-rainfall samples. This suggests that the decline in water-borne hydrophobics observed post-rainfall could be associated with preferential adsorption of the hydrophobic aromatic DOM, making post-rainfall samples less treatable for potable water supply. Post-rainfall we also observe significant increases in arsenic (leading to concentrations greater than 3 times the World Health Organisation drinking water limit of 10 μg / L). Increases in coastal rainfall due to climate change may therefore alter the composition of groundwater DOM in coastal peatland areas in ways that may impact DOM bioavailability, and increase arsenic concentrations, reducing the ease of water treatment for human consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the chemical and molecular changes of shallow groundwater DOM pre-rainfall and post-rainfall in a sedimentary organic carbon rich environment through multiple analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza K McDonough
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Martin S Andersen
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Clément Brügger
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hanxue Huang
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan I Behnke
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Amy McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phetdala Oudone
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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24
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Kamjunke N, Hertkorn N, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Griebler C, Brauns M, von Tümpling W, Weitere M, Herzsprung P. Molecular change of dissolved organic matter and patterns of bacterial activity in a stream along a land-use gradient. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114919. [PMID: 31382154 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluvial networks are globally relevant for the processing of dissolved organic matter (DOM). To investigate the change in molecular DOM diversity along the river course, high-field FTICR mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy of riverine DOM as well as bacterial abundance and activity were measured in a third order stream along a land-use gradient from pristine, agricultural to urban landscapes. DOM composition showed a clear evolution along the river course with an initial decrease of average oxidation and unsaturation followed by an increased relative abundance of CHNO and CHOS compounds introduced by agriculture and waste water, respectively. DOM composition was dominated by rather unsaturated CHO compounds (H/C ≤ 1) in headwaters and by more aliphatic molecules at downstream sites. Oxygenated functional groups shifted from aromatic ethers and hydroxyl groups to aliphatic carboxylic acids and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. This massive dislocation of oxygen significantly increased the diversity of atomic environments in branched aliphatic groups from headwater to downstream DOM. Mass spectra of DOM enabled the detection of compositional relationships to bacterial abundance and activity which was positively related to more aliphatic components (H/C > 1) and negatively related to unsaturated components. FTICR mass and NMR spectra corroborated the initial decline in DOM molecular diversity predicted by the River Continuum Concept (RCC) but demonstrated an anthropogenic increase in the molecular diversity of DOM further downstream. While the high DOM molecular diversity in first order headwater streams was the result of small scale ecosystem plurality, agriculture and waste water treatment introduced many components in the lower reaches. These anthropogenic influences together with massive bacterial oxidation of DOM contributed to a growth of molecular diversity of downstream DOM whose composition and structure differed entirely from those found in pristine headwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kamjunke
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Helmholtz-Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Helmholtz-Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University Munich, Chair Analytical Food Chemistry, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz-Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry (BGC), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University Munich, Chair Analytical Food Chemistry, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Helmholtz-Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Groundwater Hydrology (IGOE), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, P. O. Box 1129, D-85758, Neuherberg, Germany; Present Address: University of Vienna, Department of Limnology & Bio-Oceanography, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Brauns
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wolf von Tümpling
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Lake Research, Brückstraße 3a, D-39114, Magdeburg, Germany
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25
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Junger PC, Dantas FDCC, Nobre RLG, Kosten S, Venticinque EM, Araújo FDC, Sarmento H, Angelini R, Terra I, Gaudêncio A, They NH, Becker V, Cabral CR, Quesado L, Carneiro LS, Caliman A, Amado AM. Effects of seasonality, trophic state and landscape properties on CO 2 saturation in low-latitude lakes and reservoirs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:283-295. [PMID: 30743122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of tropical lakes and reservoirs in the global carbon cycle has received increasing attention in the past decade, but our understanding of its variability is still limited. The metabolism of tropical systems may differ profoundly from temperate systems due to the higher temperatures and wider variations in precipitation. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of the variability in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and its drivers in a set of 102 low-latitude lakes and reservoirs that encompass wide gradients of precipitation, productivity and landscape properties (lake area, perimeter-to-area ratio, catchment size, catchment area-to-lake area ratio, and types of catchment land use). We used multiple regressions and structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the direct and indirect effects of the main in-lake variables and landscape properties on the water pCO2 variance. We found that these systems were mostly supersaturated with CO2 (92% spatially and 72% seasonally) regardless of their trophic status and landscape properties. The pCO2 values (9-40,020 μatm) were within the range found in tropical ecosystems, and higher (p < 0.005) than pCO2 values recorded from high-latitude ecosystems. Water volume had a negative effect on the trophic state (r = -0.63), which mediated a positive indirect effect on pCO2 (r = 0.4), representing an important negative feedback in the context of climate change-driven reduction in precipitation. Our results demonstrated that precipitation drives the pCO2 seasonal variability, with significantly higher pCO2 during the rainy season (F = 16.67; p < 0.001), due to two potential main mechanisms: (1) phytoplankton dilution and (2) increasing inputs of terrestrial CO2 from the catchment. We conclude that at low latitudes, precipitation is a major climatic driver of pCO2 variability by influencing volume variations and linking lentic ecosystems to their catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ciarlini Junger
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59014-002, Brazil; Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AF Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hugo Sarmento
- Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Angelini
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Iagê Terra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Andrievisk Gaudêncio
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59014-002, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Ng Haig They
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59014-002, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Departamento Interdisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS 96625-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Becker
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Letícia Quesado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luciana Silva Carneiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Caliman
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-900, Brazil
| | - André Megali Amado
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59014-002, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil.
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26
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Deirmendjian L, Anschutz P, Morel C, Mollier A, Augusto L, Loustau D, Cotovicz LC, Buquet D, Lajaunie K, Chaillou G, Voltz B, Charbonnier C, Poirier D, Abril G. Importance of the vegetation-groundwater-stream continuum to understand transformation of biogenic carbon in aquatic systems - A case study based on a pine-maize comparison in a lowland sandy watershed (Landes de Gascogne, SW France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:613-629. [PMID: 30682612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During land-aquatic transfer, carbon (C) and inorganic nutrients (IN) are transformed in soils, groundwater, and at the groundwater-surface water interface as well as in stream channels and stream sediments. However, processes and factors controlling these transfers and transformations are not well constrained, particularly with respect to land use effect. We compared C and IN concentrations in shallow groundwater and first-order streams of a sandy lowland catchment dominated by two types of land use: pine forest and maize cropland. Contrary to forest groundwater, crop groundwater exhibited oxic conditions all-year round as a result of higher evapotranspiration and better lateral drainage that decreased the water table below the organic-rich soil horizon, prevented the leaching of soil-generated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater, and thus limited consumption of dissolved oxygen (O2). In crop groundwater, oxic conditions inhibited denitrification and methanogenesis resulting in high nitrate (NO3-; on average 1140 ± 485 μmol L-1) and low methane (CH4; 40 ± 25 nmol L-1) concentrations. Conversely, anoxic conditions in forest groundwater led to lower NO3- (25 ± 40 μmol L-1) and higher CH4 (1770 ± 1830 nmol L-1) concentrations. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2; 30,650 ± 11,590 ppmv) in crop groundwater was significantly lower than in forest groundwater (50,630 ± 26,070 ppmv), and was apparently caused by the deeper water table delaying downward diffusion of soil CO2 to the water table. In contrast, pCO2 was not significantly different in crop (4480 ± 2680 ppmv) and forest (4900 ± 4500 ppmv) streams, suggesting faster degassing in forest streams resulting from greater water turbulence. Although NO3-concentrations indicated that denitrification occurred in riparian-forest groundwater, crop streams nevertheless exhibited important signs of spring and summer eutrophication such as the development of macrophytes. Stream eutrophication favored development of anaerobic conditions in crop stream sediments, as evidenced by increased ammonia (NH4+) and CH4 in stream waters and concomitant decreased in NO3- concentrations as a result of sediment denitrification. In crop streams, dredging and erosion of streambed sediments during winter sustained high concentration of particulate organic C, NH4+ and CH4. In forest streams, dissolved iron (Fe2+), NH4+ and CH4 were negatively correlated with O2 reflecting the gradual oxygenation of stream water and associated oxidations of Fe2+, NH4+ and CH4. The results overall showed that forest groundwater behaved as source of CO2 and CH4 to streams, the intensity depending on the hydrological connectivity among soils, groundwater, and streams. CH4 production was prevented in cropland in soils and groundwater, however crop groundwater acted as a source of CO2 to streams (but less so than forest groundwater). Conversely, in streams, pCO2 was not significantly affected by land use while CH4 production was enhanced by cropland. At the catchment scale, this study found substantial biogeochemical heterogeneity in C and IN concentrations between forest and crop waters, demonstrating the importance of including the full vegetation-groundwater-stream continuum when estimating land-water fluxes of C (and nitrogen) and attempting to understand their spatial and temporal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Deirmendjian
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Anschutz
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Christian Morel
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, 33883, France
| | - Alain Mollier
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, 33883, France
| | - Laurent Augusto
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, 33883, France
| | - Denis Loustau
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, 33883, France
| | - Luiz Carlos Cotovicz
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Programma de pos-graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, 24020015 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Damien Buquet
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Katixa Lajaunie
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Chaillou
- Département Biologie, Chimie, Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Baptiste Voltz
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F 62 930 Wimereux, France
| | - Céline Charbonnier
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Poirier
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Gwenaël Abril
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France; Programma de pos-graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, 24020015 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, UPMC, UCBN, UAG. 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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27
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Wang B, Zeng D, Chen Y, Belzile N, Bai Y, Zhu J, Shu J, Chen S. Adsorption behaviors of phenanthrene and bisphenol A in purple paddy soils amended with straw-derived DOM in the West Sichuan Plain of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:737-746. [PMID: 30502524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the adsorption and transfer behaviors of phenanthrene (PHE) and bisphenol A (BPA) in purple paddy soils amended with dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from rice and canola straw in the West Sichuan Plain of China. In the pristine soil, PHE was preferentially adsorbed on both pristine clayey (L) and sandy (T) paddy soils than BPA, indicating that the retention/adsorption by soils is closely dependent on the chemical properties of organic pollutants (OPs). The noticeably higher adsorption of PHE and BPA on smaller size fraction of the soils (L2 and T2) were observed, possibly due to their higher surface areas and higher content in organic matters with higher aromaticity and hydrophobicity in this soil fraction. The DOMs derived from rice (RDOM) and canola (CDOM) straws possessed remarkable differences in E2/E3 and SUV254 measurements, which reflected that their chemical composition might be different. When CDOM was introduced in the studied soil T1, adsorption of BPA was doubled, but the augment in adsorption was much less impressive with RDOM, showing the nature of derived DOM played an important role. The study also demonstrated that in the fine fraction of clayey soil (L2), the retention of a same OP (PHE) was remarkably dropped when CDOM or RDOM was introduced, whereas in a sandy soil of the same size fraction (T2), the phenomenon was the opposite, suggesting a potential risk that, in certain types of soil, the introduction of straw derived DOMs may enhance the mobility of some OPs. The humification time of straw seems not to affect the adsorptions of OPs in most studied systems. Adsorption kinetics of PHE and BPA in the adsorption systems with derived DOMs were well fitted to the two-step first-order model with radj2 values of 0.994-0.998. Results of this study will provide further comprehensive fundamental data for risk assessment and control of organic pollutants (OPs) in farmland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China; Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Dan Zeng
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China; Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Yuwei Chen
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Nelson Belzile
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Jingping Zhu
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Shu
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China; Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China
| | - Shu Chen
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China; Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan 621010, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Yang P, Yang H, Tan L, Guo Q, Zhao G, Li L, Gao Y, Tong C. Plot-scale spatiotemporal variations of CO 2 concentration and flux across water-air interfaces at aquaculture shrimp ponds in a subtropical estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5623-5637. [PMID: 30612351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have increased anthropogenic CO2 emissions, which are believed to play important roles in global warming. The spatiotemporal variations of CO2 concentration and flux at fine spatial scales in aquaculture ponds remain unclear, particularly in China, the country with the largest aquaculture. In this study, the plot-scale spatiotemporal variations of water CO2 concentration and flux, both within and among ponds, were researched in shrimp ponds in Shanyutan Wetland, Min River Estuary, Southeast China. The average water CO2 concentration and flux across the water-air interface in the shrimp ponds over the shrimp farming period varied from 22.79 ± 0.54 to 186.66 ± 8.71 μmol L-1 and from - 0.50 ± 0.04 to 2.87 ± 0.78 mol m-2 day-1, respectively. There was no remarkable difference in CO2 concentration and flux within the ponds, but significantly spatiotemporal differences in CO2 flux were observed between shrimp ponds. Chlorophyll a, pH, salinity, air temperature, and morphometry were the important factors driving the spatiotemporal patterns of CO2 flux in the shrimp ponds. Our findings highlighted the importance and spatiotemporal variations of CO2 flux in the important coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
- Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchuan Gao
- Nanping Meteorological Bureau, 12 Tiantai Road, Nanping, Fujian, 353000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
- Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
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Seasonal and spatial variability of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the human-impacted Seine River in France. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13961. [PMID: 30228337 PMCID: PMC6143529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon evasion from rivers is an important component of the global carbon cycle. The intensification of anthropogenic pressures on hydrosystems requires studies of human-impacted rivers to identify and quantify the main drivers of carbon evasion. In 2016 and 2017, four field campaigns were conducted in the Seine River network characterized by an intensively cropped and highly populated basin. We measured partial pressures of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in streams or rivers draining land under different uses at different seasons. We also computed pCO2 from an existing data set (pH, water temperature and total alkalinity) going back until 1970. Here we report factors controlling pCO2 that operate at different time and space scales. In our study, the Seine River was shown to be supersaturated in CO2 with respect to the atmospheric equilibrium, as well as a source of CO2. Our results suggest an increase in pCO2 from winter to summer in small streams draining forests (from 1670 to 2480 ppm), croplands (from 1010 to 1550 ppm), and at the outlet of the basin (from 2490 to 3630 ppm). The main driver of pCO2 was shown to be dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (R2 = 0.56, n = 119, p < 0.05) that are modulated by hydro-climatic conditions and groundwater discharges. DOC sources were linked to land use and soil, mainly leaching into small upstream streams, but also to organic pollution, mainly found downstream in larger rivers. Our long-term analysis of the main stream suggests that pCO2 closely mirrors the pattern of urban water pollution over time. These results suggest that factors controlling pCO2 operate differently upstream and downstream depending on the physical characteristics of the river basin and on the intensity and location of the main anthropogenic pressures. The influence of these controlling factors may also differ over time, according to the seasons, and mirror long term changes in these anthropogenic pressures.
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Wilkinson J, Bors C, Burgis F, Lorke A, Bodmer P. Measuring CO2 and CH4 with a portable gas analyzer: Closed-loop operation, optimization and assessment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193973. [PMID: 29617382 PMCID: PMC5884480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) based portable greenhouse gas analyzers (PGAs) in closed-loop configuration to measure small sample volumes (< 1 l) for CH4 and CO2 concentrations is increasing and offers certain advantages over conventional measurement methods in terms of speed as well as the ability to measure directly in field locations. This first systematic assessment of the uncertainties, problems and issues associated with achieving reliable and repeatable measurement with this technique presents the adaptation, measurement range, calibration and maintenance, accuracy and issues of efficient operation, for one example instrument. Regular open-loop calibration, a precise loop volume estimate, leak free system, and a high standard of injection practices are necessary for accurate results. For 100 μl injections, measured values ranging from 4.5 to 9 x104 ppm (CH4), and 1000 ppm to 1 x106 ppm (CO2) are possible with uncertainties ±5.9% and ±3.0%, respectively, beyond 100 ppm CH4 correction may be necessary. Uncertainty arising from variations water vapour content and atmospheric pressure are small (0.24% and -0.9% to +0.5%, respectively). With good practice, individual operator repeatability of 1.9% (CH4) and 2.48% (CO2) can be achieved. Between operator injection error was around 3% for both gases for four operators. Slow syringe plunger operation (> 1s) is recommended; generally delivered more (ca. 3–4%) sample into the closed instrument loop than did rapid operation. Automated value retrieval is recommended; we achieved a 3 to 5-fold time reduction for each injection cycle (ca. <2 min), and operator reading, recording, and digitization errors are eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Wilkinson
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Bors
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Florian Burgis
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Pascal Bodmer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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Zhuang WE, Yang L. Impacts of global changes on the biogeochemistry and environmental effects of dissolved organic matter at the land-ocean interface: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4165-4173. [PMID: 29255987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component in the biogeochemistry and ecosystem function of aquatic environments at the highly populated land-ocean interface. The mobilization and transformation of DOM at this critical interface are increasingly affected by a series of notable global changes such as the increasing storm events, intense human activities, and accelerating glacier loss. This review provides an overview of the changes in the quantity and quality of DOM under the influences of multiple global changes. The profound implications of changing DOM for aquatic ecosystem and human society are further discussed, and future research needs are suggested for filling current knowledge gaps. The fluvial export of DOM is strongly intensified during storm events, which is accompanied with notable changes in the chemical composition and reactivity of DOM. Land use not only changes the mobilization of natural DOM source pools within watersheds but also adds DOM of distinct chemical composition and reactivity from anthropogenic sources. Glacier loss brings highly biolabile DOM to downstream water bodies. The changing DOM leads to significant changes in heterotrophic activity, CO2 out gassing, nutrient and pollutant biogeochemistry, and disinfection by-product formation. Further studies on the source, transformations, and downstream effects of storm DOM, temporal variations of DOM and its interactions with other pollutants in human-modified watersheds, photo-degradability of glacier DOM, and potential priming effects, are essential for better understanding the responses and feedbacks of DOM at the land-ocean interface under the impacts of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-E Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Yang
- College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Borges AV, Darchambeau F, Lambert T, Bouillon S, Morana C, Brouyère S, Hakoun V, Jurado A, Tseng HC, Descy JP, Roland FAE. Effects of agricultural land use on fluvial carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in a large European river, the Meuse (Belgium). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:342-355. [PMID: 28806551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a data-set of CO2, CH4, and N2O concentrations in the surface waters of the Meuse river network in Belgium, obtained during four surveys covering 50 stations (summer 2013 and late winter 2013, 2014 and 2015), from yearly cycles in four rivers of variable size and catchment land cover, and from 111 groundwater samples. Surface waters of the Meuse river network were over-saturated in CO2, CH4, N2O with respect to atmospheric equilibrium, acting as sources of these greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, although the dissolved gases also showed marked seasonal and spatial variations. Seasonal variations were related to changes in freshwater discharge following the hydrological cycle, with highest concentrations of CO2, CH4, N2O during low water owing to a longer water residence time and lower currents (i.e. lower gas transfer velocities), both contributing to the accumulation of gases in the water column, combined with higher temperatures favourable to microbial processes. Inter-annual differences of discharge also led to differences in CH4 and N2O that were higher in years with prolonged low water periods. Spatial variations were mostly due to differences in land cover over the catchments, with systems dominated by agriculture (croplands and pastures) having higher CO2, CH4, N2O levels than forested systems. This seemed to be related to higher levels of dissolved and particulate organic matter, as well as dissolved inorganic nitrogen in agriculture dominated systems compared to forested ones. Groundwater had very low CH4 concentrations in the shallow and unconfined aquifers (mostly fractured limestones) of the Meuse basin, hence, should not contribute significantly to the high CH4 levels in surface riverine waters. Owing to high dissolved concentrations, groundwater could potentially transfer important quantities of CO2 and N2O to surface waters of the Meuse basin, although this hypothesis remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Borges
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - F Darchambeau
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - T Lambert
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Bouillon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Morana
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Brouyère
- Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - V Hakoun
- Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Jurado
- Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - H-C Tseng
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J-P Descy
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - F A E Roland
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Reitsema RE, Meire P, Schoelynck J. The Future of Freshwater Macrophytes in a Changing World: Dissolved Organic Carbon Quantity and Quality and Its Interactions With Macrophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:629. [PMID: 29868084 PMCID: PMC5960680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are confronted with the effects of climate change. One of the major changes is an increased concentration of aquatic carbon. Macrophytes are important in the aquatic carbon cycle and play as primary producers a crucial role in carbon storage in aquatic systems. However, macrophytes are affected by increasing carbon concentrations. The focus of this review lies on dissolved organic carbon (DOC), one of the most abundant forms of carbon in aquatic ecosystems which has many effects on macrophytes. DOC concentrations are rising; the exact cause of this increase is not known, although it is hypothesized that climate change is one of the drivers. The quality of DOC is also changing; for example, in urban areas DOC composition is different from the composition in natural watersheds, resulting in DOC that is more resistant to photo-degradation. Plants can benefit from DOC as it attenuates UV-B radiation, it binds potentially harmful heavy metals and provides CO2 as it breaks down. Yet plant growth can also be impaired under high DOC concentrations, especially by humic substances (HS). HS turn the water brown and attenuate light, which limits macrophyte photosynthesis at greater depths. This leads to lower macrophyte abundance and lower species diversity. HS form a wide class of chemicals with many different functional groups and they therefore have the ability to interfere with many biochemical processes that occur in freshwater organisms. Few studies have looked into the direct effects of HS on macrophytes, but there is evidence that HS can interfere with photosynthesis by entering macrophyte cells and causing damage. DOC can also affect reactivity of heavy metals, water and sediment chemistry. This indirectly affects macrophytes too, so they are exposed to multiple stressors that may have contradictive effects. Finally, macrophytes can affect DOC quality and quantity as they produce DOC themselves and provide a substrate to heterotrophic bacteria that degrade DOC. Because macrophytes take a key position in the aquatic ecosystem, it is essential to understand to what extent DOC quantity and quality in surface water are changing and how this will affect macrophyte growth and species diversity in the future.
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Bednařík A, Blaser M, Matoušů A, Hekera P, Rulík M. Effect of weir impoundments on methane dynamics in a river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:164-174. [PMID: 28147296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measured CH4 concentration, CH4 oxidation in the water column and total CH4 emissions to the atmosphere (diffusion and ebullition) in three weir impoundments and river reaches between them, in order to understand their role in river methane (CH4) dynamics. Sediment samples were also collected to determine CH4 consumption and production potentials together with the contribution of individual methanogenic pathways. The CH4 surface water concentration increased 7.5 times in the 16km long river stretch. Microbial CH4 oxidation in the water column reached values ranging from 51 to 403nmoll-1d-1 and substantially contributed to the CH4 removal from surface water, together with CH4 emissions. The total CH4 emissions to the atmosphere varied between 0.8 and 207.1mmolCH4m-2d-1 with the highest values observed upstream of the weirs (mean 68.5±29.9mmolCH4m-2d-1). Most of the CH4 was transported through the air-water interface by ebullition upstream of the weirs, while the ebullition accounted for 95.8±2.0% of the total CH4 emissions. Both CH4 production and oxidation potential of sediments were higher upstream of the weirs compared to downstream of the weirs. The contribution of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis to total CH4 sediment production was 36.7-89.4% and prevailed upstream of the weirs. Our findings indicate that weirs might influence river CH4 dynamics, especially by increased CH4 production and consumption by sediments, followed by increasing CH4 emissions to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bednařík
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Blaser
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Matoušů
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hekera
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rulík
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Aquatic Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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35
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Mao R, Chen H, Li S. Phosphorus availability as a primary control of dissolved organic carbon biodegradation in the tributaries of the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:1472-1476. [PMID: 27581108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) represents a critical component of the riverine C cycle. Current knowledge of DOC biodegradation in rivers is limited, especially in the subtropical regions. Here, we collected 66 water samples from 63 tributaries of the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China, and subsequently examined the biodegradability of DOC and its controlling factors. We found that DOC biodegradation was quite spatially variable within the river networks and ranged from 15.8% to 35.2%, with a mean of 24.5±8.0%. The biodegradability of DOC was positively correlated with the initial dissolved total phosphorus (P) concentration, but was not significantly correlated with the initial DOC and dissolved total nitrogen (N) concentrations. In addition, DOC biodegradation was negatively correlated with the initial C:P and N:P ratios, and exhibited no significant relationship with the initial C:N ratio in these rivers. Our findings suggest that DOC biodegradation is limited by P availability in the subtropical rivers, and also imply that P enrichment induced by anthropogenic activities would enhance the biodegradability of DOC and decrease the spatial heterogeneity of DOC biodegradation in the subtropical river networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mao
- The Three Gorges Institute of Ecological Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Siyue Li
- The Three Gorges Institute of Ecological Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
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McGinnis DF, Bilsley N, Schmidt M, Fietzek P, Bodmer P, Premke K, Lorke A, Flury S. Deconstructing Methane Emissions from a Small Northern European River: Hydrodynamics and Temperature as Key Drivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11680-11687. [PMID: 27696829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from small rivers and streams, particularly via ebullition, are currently under-represented in the literature. Here, we quantify the methane effluxes and drivers in a small, Northern European river. Methane fluxes are comparable to those from tropical aquatic systems, with average emissions of 320 mg CH4 m-2 d-1. Two important drivers of methane flux variations were identified in the studied system: 1) temperature-driven sediment methane ebullition and 2) flow-dependent contribution suspected to be hydraulic exchange with adjacent wetlands and small side-bays. This flow-dependent contribution to river methane loading is shown to be negligible for flows less than 4 m3 s-1 and greater than 50% as flows exceed 7 m3 s-1. While the temperature-ebullition relationship is comparable to other systems, the flow rate dependency has not been previously demonstrated. In general, we found that about 80% of the total emissions were due to methane bubbles. Applying ebullition rates to global estimates for fluvial systems, which currently are not considered, could dramatically increase emission rates to ranges from lakes or wetlands. This work illustrates that small rivers can emit significant methane and highlights the need for further studies on the link between hydrodynamics and connected wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F McGinnis
- Aquatic Physics, Department F.-A. Forel, Section of Earth and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) , 12587 Berlin, Germany
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD2 Marine Biogeochemistry, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Bilsley
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mark Schmidt
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD2 Marine Biogeochemistry, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peer Fietzek
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD2 Marine Biogeochemistry, 24148 Kiel, Germany
- Kongsberg Maritime Contros GmbH, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Pascal Bodmer
- Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) , 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Premke
- Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) , 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorke
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Physics, University of Koblenz-Landau , 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sabine Flury
- Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) , 12587 Berlin, Germany
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