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Christiani P, Rana P, Räsänen A, Pitkänen TP, Tolvanen A. Detecting Spatial Patterns of Peatland Greenhouse Gas Sinks and Sources with Geospatial Environmental and Remote Sensing Data. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 74:461-478. [PMID: 38563987 PMCID: PMC11306394 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands play a key role in the circulation of the main greenhouse gases (GHG) - methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Therefore, detecting the spatial pattern of GHG sinks and sources in peatlands is pivotal for guiding effective climate change mitigation in the land use sector. While geospatial environmental data, which provide detailed spatial information on ecosystems and land use, offer valuable insights into GHG sinks and sources, the potential of directly using remote sensing data from satellites remains largely unexplored. We predicted the spatial distribution of three major GHGs (CH4, CO2, and N2O) sinks and sources across Finland. Utilizing 143 field measurements, we compared the predictive capacity of three different data sets with MaxEnt machine-learning modeling: (1) geospatial environmental data including climate, topography and habitat variables, (2) remote sensing data (Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2), and (3) a combination of both. The combined dataset yielded the highest accuracy with an average test area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.845 and AUC stability of 0.928. A slightly lower accuracy was achieved using only geospatial environmental data (test AUC 0.810, stability AUC 0.924). In contrast, using only remote sensing data resulted in reduced predictive accuracy (test AUC 0.763, stability AUC 0.927). Our results suggest that (1) reliable estimates of GHG sinks and sources cannot be produced with remote sensing data only and (2) integrating multiple data sources is recommended to achieve accurate and realistic predictions of GHG spatial patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvez Rana
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | - Aleksi Räsänen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo P Pitkänen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
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2
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Tong CHM, Noumonvi KD, Ratcliffe J, Laudon H, Järveoja J, Drott A, Nilsson MB, Peichl M. A drained nutrient-poor peatland forest in boreal Sweden constitutes a net carbon sink after integrating terrestrial and aquatic fluxes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17246. [PMID: 38501699 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Northern peatlands provide a globally important carbon (C) store. Since the beginning of the 20th century, however, large areas of natural peatlands have been drained for biomass production across Fennoscandia. Today, drained peatland forests constitute a common feature of the managed boreal landscape, yet their ecosystem C balance and associated climate impact are not well understood, particularly within the nutrient-poor boreal region. In this study, we estimated the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) from a nutrient-poor drained peatland forest and an adjacent natural mire in northern Sweden by integrating terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ) fluxes with aquatic losses of dissolved organic C (DOC) and inorganic C based on eddy covariance and stream discharge measurements, respectively, over two hydrological years. Since the forest included a dense spruce-birch area and a sparse pine area, we were able to further evaluate the effect of contrasting forest structure on the NECB and component fluxes. We found that the drained peatland forest was a net C sink with a 2-year mean NECB of -115 ± 5 g C m-2 year-1 while the adjacent mire was close to C neutral with 14.6 ± 1.7 g C m-2 year-1 . The NECB of the drained peatland forest was dominated by the net CO2 exchange (net ecosystem exchange [NEE]), whereas NEE and DOC export fluxes contributed equally to the mire NECB. We further found that the C sink strength in the sparse pine forest area (-153 ± 8 g C m-2 year-1 ) was about 1.5 times as high as in the dense spruce-birch forest area (-95 ± 8 g C m-2 year-1 ) due to enhanced C uptake by ground vegetation and lower DOC export. Our study suggests that historically drained peatland forests in nutrient-poor boreal regions may provide a significant net ecosystem C sink and associated climate benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Hei Marcus Tong
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Koffi Dodji Noumonvi
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joshua Ratcliffe
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Unit for Field-Based Forest Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Vindeln, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Zhang J, Chen H, Wang M, Liu X, Peng C, Wang L, Yu D, Zhu Q. An optimized water table depth detected for mitigating global warming potential of greenhouse gas emissions in wetland of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. iScience 2024; 27:108856. [PMID: 38303693 PMCID: PMC10830858 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change and human activities have intensified variations of water table depth (WTD) in wetlands around the world, which may strongly affect greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we analyzed how emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from the Zoige wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) vary with the WTD. Our data indicate that the wetland shows net positive global warming potential (11.72 tCO2-e ha-1 yr-1), and its emissions of greenhouse gases are driven primarily by WTD. Our analysis suggests that an optimal WTD exists, which at our study site was approximately 18 cm, for mitigating increases in global warming potential from the wetland. Our study provides insights into how climate change and human acitivies affect greenhouse gas emissions from alpine wetlands, and they suggest that water table management may be effective at mitigating future increases in emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhang
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
- School of Geography Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Dongxue Yu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
- National Earth System Science Data Center, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China, Beijing 100101, China
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4
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Rana P, Christiani P, Ahtikoski A, Haikarainen S, Stenberg L, Juutinen A, Tolvanen A. Cost-efficient management of peatland to enhance biodiversity in Finland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2489. [PMID: 38291097 PMCID: PMC10827728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Peatlands provide a variety of ecosystem services besides being important ecosystems for biodiversity. Sustainable peatland management requires that its impacts are identified, and all management is allocated in a cost-efficient manner. In this study, we assessed how peatland management influences the habitat suitability of red-listed plant species and the financial performance of management measured as net present value (NPV). The study was done in three landscapes in Finland. We considered four peatland management scenarios i.e., no management activity (NOMANAGE), hydrological restoration (REST), wood harvesting for bioenergy (BIOENERGY), and timber production (TIMBER). The NPVs of different management scenarios were compared to the habitat suitability of red-listed peatland plant species. A cost-impact analysis was used, with TIMBER as a baseline scenario, to find out which alternative scenario would be the most cost-efficient in contributing to habitat suitability. Our study shows that potential habitat areas were significantly different between the scenarios. REST provided the largest potential habitat areas, followed by BIOENERGY, NOMANAGE, and TIMBER. TIMBER provided the best financial performance when low interest rates were used. REST and BIOENERGY were more cost-efficient in enhancing potential habitat areas than NOMANAGE. REST would improve suitable habitats and provide financial benefits when a higher interest rate was used. In conclusion, even a win-win condition could be achieved in some cases (33%), in which higher NPV was achieved simultaneously with improved potential habitat areas. The study provides information for alleviating the economic barriers of restoration and targeting land use and management options cost-efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Rana
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Artti Juutinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
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Pacheco-Cancino PA, Carrillo-López RF, Sepulveda-Jauregui A, Somos-Valenzuela MA. Sphagnum mosses, the impact of disturbances and anthropogenic management actions on their ecological role in CO 2 fluxes generated in peatland ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e16972. [PMID: 37882506 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Mosses of the genus Sphagnum are the dominant vegetation in most pristine peatlands in temperate and high-latitude regions. They play a crucial role in carbon sequestration, being responsible for ca. 50% of carbon accumulation through their active participation in peat formation. They have a significant influence on the dynamics of CO2 emissions due to an efficient maximum potential photosynthetic rate, lower respiration rates, and the production of a recalcitrant litter whose decomposition is gradual. However, various anthropogenic disturbances and land use management actions that favor its reestablishment have the potential to modify the dynamics of these CO2 emissions. Therefore, the objective of this review is to discuss the role of Sphagnum in CO2 emissions generated in peatland ecosystems, and to understand the impacts of anthropogenic practices favorable and detrimental to Sphagnum on these emissions. Based on our review, increased Sphagnum cover reduces CO2 emissions and fosters C sequestration, but drainage transforms peatlands dominated by Sphagnum into a persistent source of CO2 due to lower gross primary productivity of the moss and increased respiration rates. Sites with moss removal used as donor material for peatland restoration emit twice as much CO2 as adjacent undisturbed natural sites, and those with commercial Sphagnum extraction generate almost neutral CO2 emissions, yet both can recover their sink status in the short term. The reintroduction of fragments and natural recolonization of Sphagnum in transitional peatlands, can reduce emissions, recover, or increase the CO2 sink function in the short and medium term. Furthermore, Sphagnum paludiculture is seen as a sustainable alternative for the use of transitional peatlands, allowing moss production strips to become CO2 sink, however, it is necessary to quantify the emissions of all the components of the field of production (ditches, causeway), and the biomass harvested from the moss to establish a final closing balance of C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio A Pacheco-Cancino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Región de La Araucanía, Chile
- Doctorate in Agri-Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Región de La Araucanía, Chile
| | - Rubén F Carrillo-López
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Región de La Araucanía, Chile
| | - Armando Sepulveda-Jauregui
- Gaia Antarctic Research Center (CIGA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Región de Magallanes y Antartica Chilena, Chile
- Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Región de Magallanes y Antartica Chilena, Chile
| | - Marcelo A Somos-Valenzuela
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Región de La Araucanía, Chile
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Zhang W, Tao X, Hu Z, Kang E, Yan Z, Zhang X, Wang J. The driving effects of nitrogen deposition on nitrous oxide and associated gene abundances at two water table levels in an alpine peatland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165525. [PMID: 37451456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alpine peatlands are recognized as a weak or negligible source of nitrous oxide (N2O). Anthropogenic activities and climate change resulted in the altered water table (WT) levels and increased nitrogen (N) deposition, which could potentially transition this habitat into a N2O emission hotspot. However, the underlying mechanism related with the effects is still uncertain. Hence, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to address the response of growing-season N2O emissions and the gene abundances of nitrification (bacterial amoA) and denitrification (narG, nirS, norB and nosZ) to the increased N deposition (20 kg N ha-1 yr-1) at two WT levels (WT-30, 30 cm below soil surface; WT10, 10 cm above soil surface) in the Zoige alpine peatland, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the WT did not affect N2O emissions, and this was attributed with the limitation of soil NO3-. The higher WT level increased denitrification (narG and nirS gene abundance) resulting in the depletion of soil NO3-, but the consequent NO3- deficiency further limited denitrification, while the WT did not affect nitrification (bacterial amoA gene abundance). Meanwhile, the N deposition increased N2O emissions, regardless of WT levels. This was associated with the N-deposition induced increase in denitrification-related gene abundances of narG, nirS, norB and nosZ at WT-30 and narG at WT10. Additionally, the N2O emission factor assigned to N deposition was 1.3 % at WT-30 and 0.9 % at WT10, respectively. Our study provided comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms referring N2O emissions in response to the interactions between climate change and human disturbance from this high-altitude peatland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantong Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Insititute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610218, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuping Tao
- Insititute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610218, China
| | - Zhengyi Hu
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Enze Kang
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhongqing Yan
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba 624500, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba 624500, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba 624500, China.
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7
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Watts JD, Farina M, Kimball JS, Schiferl LD, Liu Z, Arndt KA, Zona D, Ballantyne A, Euskirchen ES, Parmentier FJW, Helbig M, Sonnentag O, Tagesson T, Rinne J, Ikawa H, Ueyama M, Kobayashi H, Sachs T, Nadeau DF, Kochendorfer J, Jackowicz-Korczynski M, Virkkala A, Aurela M, Commane R, Byrne B, Birch L, Johnson MS, Madani N, Rogers B, Du J, Endsley A, Savage K, Poulter B, Zhang Z, Bruhwiler LM, Miller CE, Goetz S, Oechel WC. Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high-latitude net ecosystem carbon budget. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1870-1889. [PMID: 36647630 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Farina
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - John S Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Luke D Schiferl
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kyle A Arndt
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley Ballantyne
- Global Climate and Ecology Laboratory, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuel Helbig
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Rinne
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kobayashi
- JAMSTEC-Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel F Nadeau
- Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Kochendorfer
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric and Turbulent Diffusion Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anna Virkkala
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mika Aurela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roisin Commane
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Brendan Byrne
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Leah Birch
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brendan Rogers
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Arthur Endsley
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kathleen Savage
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori M Bruhwiler
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E Miller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Scott Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Walter C Oechel
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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8
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Wang H, Fan C, Li J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Xing S. Dynamic characteristics of near-surface spontaneous combustion gas flux and its response to meteorological and soil factors in coal fire area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114817. [PMID: 36395860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of the early stages of coal-fire combustion is important for effectively controlling the spread of coal fires. CO2 and CO, as characteristic gases in the early stage of coal fire combustion, can be effectively monitored by in-situ monitoring near the surface. However, in the previous in-situ monitoring methods, the influence of surface meteorological and soil factors on the release law of characteristic gases is often ignored. Therefore, this paper considers the complexity of the geological conditions in the coal fire area, a system, and equipment for obtaining the near-surface CO2 and CO variation laws in the early stage of coal fire combustion proposed by the concentration gradient method (CGM). The system and equipment realize the simultaneous online coupling of multi-area and multi-parameter data and conduct field investigations on the Wuda coal fire area. The results show that in the early stage of coal combustion, the change patterns of CO2 and CO concentrations in different regions are anomalous, and the CO2 concentration was higher than the CO concentration. The CO2 and CO concentrations in shallow soil increased with the increase of soil depth, and compared with other areas, the CO2 and CO concentration was the highest. The shallow soil and CO2 were identified as the key areas and characteristic gases for identifying the early stage of coal-fire combustion. The CO2 flux (CF) of different shallow soil depths decreased with increased soil layer depth. Variation of soil-surface CO2 flux (S-SCF) estimated by flux extrapolation method (FLEM). The change of S-SCF is controlled by meteorological and soil factors, and there is a certain connection between it and the "respiration phenomenon" in the fissure area. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis for effectively identifying the early stages of coal-fire combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Cheng Fan
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Jinglei Li
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xingdun Sun
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shiyue Xing
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Liu L, Wang Z, Ma D, Zhang M, Fu L. Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Soil Microbes across Forest-Peatland Ecotones in the Permafrost Regions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14782. [PMID: 36429502 PMCID: PMC9690085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost peatlands are a huge carbon pool that is uniquely sensitive to global warming. However, despite the importance of peatlands in global carbon sequestration and biogeochemical cycles, few studies have characterized the distribution characteristics and drivers of soil microbial community structure in forest-peatland ecotones. Here, we investigated the vertical distribution patterns of soil microbial communities in three typical peatlands along an environmental gradient using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Our findings indicated that bacterial richness and diversity decreased with increasing soil depth in coniferous swamp (LT) and thicket swamp (HT), whereas the opposite trend was observed in a tussock swamp (NT). Additionally, these parameters decreased at 0-20 and 20-40 cm and increased at 40-60 cm along the environmental gradient (LT to NT). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated that the soil microbial community structure was more significantly affected by peatland type than soil depth. Actinomycetota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacteroidota were the predominant bacterial phyla across all soil samples. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the functional pathways between the three peatlands at each depth, except for amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, cell motility, and signal transduction. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that pH and soil water content were the primary environmental factors influencing the bacterial community structure. Therefore, this study is crucial to accurately forecast potential changes in peatland ecosystems and improve our understanding of the role of peat microbes as carbon pumps in the process of permafrost degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (D.M.); Tel.: +86-451-88060524 (Z.W. & D.M.)
| | - Dalong Ma
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (D.M.); Tel.: +86-451-88060524 (Z.W. & D.M.)
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10
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Bonetti G, Limpert KE, Brodersen KE, Trevathan-Tackett SM, Carnell PE, Macreadie PI. The combined effect of short-term hydrological and N-fertilization manipulation of wetlands on CO 2, CH 4, and N 2O emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118637. [PMID: 34875268 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater wetlands are natural sinks of carbon; yet, wetland conversion for agricultural uses can shift these carbon sinks into large sources of greenhouse gases. We know that the anthropogenic alteration of wetland hydrology and the broad use of N-fertilizers can modify biogeochemical cycling, however, the extent of their combined effect on greenhouse gases exchange still needs further research. Moreover, there has been recent interest in wetlands rehabilitation and preservation by improving natural water flow and by seeking alternative solutions to nutrient inputs. In a microcosm setting, we experimentally exposed soils to three inundation treatments (Inundated, Moist, Drained) and a nutrient treatment by adding high nitrogen load (300 kg ha-1) to simulate physical and chemical disturbances. After, we measured the depth microprofiles of N2O and O2 concentration and CO2 and CH4 emission rates to determine how hydrological alteration and nitrogen input affect carbon and nitrogen cycling processes in inland wetland soils. Compared to the Control soils, N-fertilizer increased CO2 emissions by 40% in Drained conditions and increased CH4 emissions in Inundated soils over 90%. N2O emissions from Moist and Inundated soils enriched with nitrogen increased by 17.4 and 18-fold, respectively. Overall, the combination of physical and chemical disturbances increased the Global Warming Potential (GWP) by 7.5-fold. The first response of hydrological rehabilitation, while typically valuable for CO2 emission reduction, amplified CH4 and N2O emissions when combined with high nitrogen inputs. Therefore, this research highlights the importance of evaluating the potential interactive effects of various disturbances on biogeochemical processes when devising rehabilitation plans to rehabilitate degraded wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Bonetti
- Deakin University, Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood Campus, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Katy E Limpert
- Deakin University, Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood Campus, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Kasper Elgetti Brodersen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark.
| | - Stacey M Trevathan-Tackett
- Deakin University, Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood Campus, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Paul E Carnell
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Queenscliff Campus, Queenscliff, Victoria, 3225, Australia.
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Deakin University, Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood Campus, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
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11
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Integrating Decomposers, Methane-Cycling Microbes and Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes Along a Peatland Successional Gradient in a Land Uplift Region. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPeatlands are carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks that, in parallel, release methane (CH4). The peatland carbon (C) balance depends on the interplay of decomposer and CH4-cycling microbes, vegetation, and environmental conditions. These interactions are susceptible to the changes that occur along a successional gradient from vascular plant-dominated systems to Sphagnum moss-dominated systems. Changes similar to this succession are predicted to occur from climate change. Here, we investigated how microbial and plant communities are interlinked with each other and with ecosystem C cycling along a successional gradient on a boreal land uplift coast. The gradient ranged from shoreline to meadows and fens, and further to bogs. Potential microbial activity (aerobic CO2 production; CH4 production and oxidation) and biomass were greatest in the early successional meadows, although their communities of aerobic decomposers (fungi, actinobacteria), methanogens, and methanotrophs did not differ from the older fens. Instead, the functional microbial communities shifted at the fen–bog transition concurrent with a sudden decrease in C fluxes. The successional patterns of decomposer versus CH4-cycling communities diverged at the bog stage, indicating strong but distinct microbial responses to Sphagnum dominance and acidity. We highlight young meadows as dynamic sites with the greatest microbial potential for C release. These hot spots of C turnover with dense sedge cover may represent a sensitive bottleneck in succession, which is necessary for eventual long-term peat accumulation. The distinctive microbes in bogs could serve as indicators of the C sink function in restoration measures that aim to stabilize the C in the peat.
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12
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Salimi S, Berggren M, Scholz M. Response of the peatland carbon dioxide sink function to future climate change scenarios and water level management. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5154-5168. [PMID: 34157201 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress factors such as climate change and drought may switch the role of temperate peatlands from carbon dioxide (CO2 ) sinks to sources, leading to positive feedback to global climate change. Water level management has been regarded as an important climate change mitigation strategy as it can sustain the natural net CO2 sink function of a peatland. Little is known about how resilient peatlands are in the face of future climate change scenarios, as well as how effectively water level management can sustain the CO2 sink function to mitigate global warming. The authors assess the effect of climate change on CO2 exchange of south Swedish temperate peatlands, which were either unmanaged or subject to water level regulation. Climate chamber simulations were conducted using experimental peatland mesocosms exposed to current and future representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). The results showed that all managed and unmanaged systems under future climate scenarios could serve as CO2 sinks throughout the experimental period. However, the 2018 extreme drought caused the unmanaged mesocosms under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 switch from a net CO2 sink to a source during summer. Surprisingly, the unmanaged mesocosms under RCP 2.6 benefited from the warmer climate, and served as the best sink among the other unmanaged systems. Water level management had the greatest effect on the CO2 sink function under RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5, which improved their CO2 sink capability up to six and two times, respectively. Under the current climate scenario, water level management had a negative effect on the CO2 sink function, and it had almost no effect under RCP 2.6. Therefore, the researchers conclude that water level management is necessary for RCP 8.5, beneficial for RCP 4.5 and unimportant for RCP 2.6 and the current climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Salimi
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Berggren
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), Chelyabinsk, The Russian Federation
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Zhang H, Tuittila ES, Korrensalo A, Laine AM, Uljas S, Welti N, Kerttula J, Maljanen M, Elliott D, Vesala T, Lohila A. Methane production and oxidation potentials along a fen-bog gradient from southern boreal to subarctic peatlands in Finland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4449-4464. [PMID: 34091981 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4 ) emissions from northern peatlands are projected to increase due to climate change, primarily because of projected increases in soil temperature. Yet, the rates and temperature responses of the two CH4 emission-related microbial processes (CH4 production by methanogens and oxidation by methanotrophs) are poorly known. Further, peatland sites within a fen-bog gradient are known to differ in the variables that regulate these two mechanisms, yet the interaction between peatland type and temperature lacks quantitative understanding. Here, we investigated potential CH4 production and oxidation rates for 14 peatlands in Finland located between c. 60 and 70°N latitude, representing bogs, poor fens, and rich fens. Potentials were measured at three different temperatures (5, 17.5, and 30℃) using the laboratory incubation method. We linked CH4 production and oxidation patterns to their methanogen and methanotroph abundance, peat properties, and plant functional types. We found that the rich fen-bog gradient-related nutrient availability and methanogen abundance increased the temperature response of CH4 production, with rich fens exhibiting the greatest production potentials. Oxidation potential showed a steeper temperature response than production, which was explained by aerenchymous plant cover, peat water holding capacity, peat nitrogen, and sulfate content. The steeper temperature response of oxidation suggests that, at higher temperatures, CH4 oxidation might balance increased CH4 production. Predicting net CH4 fluxes as an outcome of the two mechanisms is complicated due to their different controls and temperature responses. The lack of correlation between field CH4 fluxes and production/oxidation potentials, and the positive correlation with aerenchymous plants points toward the essential role of CH4 transport for emissions. The scenario of drying peatlands under climate change, which is likely to promote Sphagnum establishment over brown mosses in many places, will potentially reduce the predicted warming-related increase in CH4 emissions by shifting rich fens to Sphagnum-dominated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Aino Korrensalo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anna M Laine
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Salli Uljas
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Nina Welti
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kerttula
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja Maljanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David Elliott
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Timo Vesala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Fortuniak K, Pawlak W, Siedlecki M, Chambers S, Bednorz L. Temperate mire fluctuations from carbon sink to carbon source following changes in water table. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144071. [PMID: 33279194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The generally-accepted paradigm of wetland response to climate change is that water table drawdown and higher temperatures will cause wetlands to switch from a sink to a source of atmospheric carbon. However, it is hard to find a multi-year, ecosystem scale dataset representative of an undisturbed wetland that clearly demonstrates this paradigm on an annual total basis. Here we provide strong empirical confirmation of the above scenario based on six years of continuous eddy-covariance CO2 and CH4 flux measurements in Biebrza Valley, north-eastern Poland. In wet years the mire was a significant sink of atmospheric carbon (down to -270 ± 70 gC-CO2 m-2 yr-1 against +21.8 ± 3.4 gC-CH4 m-2 yr-1 in 2013) whereas in dry years it constituted a substantial carbon source (releasing up to +130 ± 70 gC-CO2 m-2 yr-1 and +2.6 ± 1.4 gC-CH4 m-2 yr-1 in 2015). Our findings demonstrate that the scenario of positive feedback between wetland carbon release and the present climate change trajectory is realistic and support the need of natural wetland preservation or rewetting. Our findings also indicate that conclusions drawn regarding a wetland's response to changing climate can depend strongly on the chosen period of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Fortuniak
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Pawlak
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Siedlecki
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Scott Chambers
- Environmental Research, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, Australia.
| | - Leszek Bednorz
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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15
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Liu F, Zhang Y, Liang H, Gao D. Resilience of methane cycle and microbial functional genes to drought and flood in an alkaline wetland: A metagenomic analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129034. [PMID: 33239237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline wetlands distributed in arid or semi-arid areas are hotspots of methane (CH4) emissions. Periods of drought and flood, although regular, are stressful events encountered by methanogenic anaerobes in alkaline wetlands. To investigate the response of the CH4 cycle of alkaline wetlands to such stresses, we take Zhalong wetland as an example, then determined the CH4 flux and soil microbiomes in the wetland during wet, dry, and flooded periods. The in-situ CH4 flux in the wet period was 9.55-17.29 mg‧m-2‧h-1, but sharply degraded to 3.37-6.61 mg‧m-2‧h-1 in the dry period. It resumed to 4.51-20.80 mg‧m-2‧h-1 when the wetland was flooded again, which indicated that methanogenesis is quite resilient to drought. Syntrophic acetogenesis, and subsequently aceticlastic methanogenesis, were the dominant methanogenic pathways and resisted drought. Members belonging to Syntrophobacterales were the dominant syntrophic acetogens. They enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state to resist drought. The dominant Methanosarcinales have the ability to repair reactive oxygen species damage during dry periods. The community of CH4 sink was governed by anaerobic methanotrophs, which entered a VBNC state or used repair systems to survive dry periods. This study revealed the responses of the CH4 cycle and microbial functional genes to drought and flood in alkaline wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remedeation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; Centre for Urban Environmental Remedeation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
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16
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Truu M, Nõlvak H, Ostonen I, Oopkaup K, Maddison M, Ligi T, Espenberg M, Uri V, Mander Ü, Truu J. Soil Bacterial and Archaeal Communities and Their Potential to Perform N-Cycling Processes in Soils of Boreal Forests Growing on Well-Drained Peat. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591358. [PMID: 33343531 PMCID: PMC7744593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peatlands are unique wetland ecosystems that cover approximately 3% of the world’s land area and are mostly located in boreal and temperate regions. Around 15 Mha of these peatlands have been drained for forestry during the last century. This study investigated soil archaeal and bacterial community structure and abundance, as well as the abundance of marker genes of nitrogen transformation processes (nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia) across distance gradients from drainage ditches in nine full-drained, middle-aged peatland forests dominated by Scots pine, Norway spruce, or Downy birch. The dominating tree species had a strong effect on the chemical properties (pH, N and C/N status) of initially similar Histosols and affected the bacterial and archaeal community structure and abundance of microbial groups involved in the soil nitrogen cycle. The pine forests were distinguished by having the lowest fine root biomass of trees, pH, and N content and the highest potential for N fixation. The distance from drainage ditches affected the spatial distribution of bacterial and archaeal communities (especially N-fixers, nitrifiers, and denitrifiers possessing nosZ clade II), but this effect was often dependent on the conditions created by the dominance of certain tree species. The composition of the nitrifying microbial community was dependent on the soil pH, and comammox bacteria contributed significantly to nitrate formation in the birch and spruce soils where the pH was higher than 4.6. The highest N2O emission was recorded from soils with higher bacterial and archaeal phylogenetic diversity such as birch forest soils. This study demonstrates that the long-term growth of forests dominated by birch, pine, and spruce on initially similar organic soil has resulted in tree-species-specific changes in the soil properties and the development of forest-type-specific soil prokaryotic communities with characteristic functional properties and relationships within microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Truu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hiie Nõlvak
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristjan Oopkaup
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Maddison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Teele Ligi
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veiko Uri
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Truu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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17
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Tolvanen A, Tarvainen O, Laine AM. Soil and water nutrients in stem‐only and whole‐tree harvest treatments in restored boreal peatlands. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Paavo Havaksen tie 3 FI‐90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Oili Tarvainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Paavo Havaksen tie 3 FI‐90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Anna M. Laine
- Department of Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu P.O. Box 3000, FI‐90014 Oulu Finland
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18
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Warming Increases Nitrous Oxide Emission from the Littoral Zone of Lake Poyang, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12145674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Littoral wetlands are globally important for sustainable development; however, they have recently been identified as critical hotspots of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. N2O flux from subtropical littoral wetlands remains unclear, especially under the current global warming environment. In the littoral zone of Lake Poyang, a simulated warming experiment was conducted to investigate N2O flux. Open-top chambers were used to raise temperature, and the static chamber-gas chromatograph method was used to measure N2O flux. Results showed that the littoral zone of Lake Poyang was an N2O source, with an average flux rate of 8.9 μg N2O m−2 h−1. Warming significantly increased N2O emission (13.8 μg N2O m−2 h−1 under warming treatment) by 54% compared to the control treatment. N2O flux in the spring growing season was also significantly higher than that of the autumn growing season. In addition, temperature was not significantly related to N2O flux, while soil moisture only explained about 7% of N2O variation. These results imply that N2O emission experiences positive feedback effect on the ongoing warming of the climate, and abiotic factors (e.g., soil temperature and soil moisture) were not main controls on N2O variation in this littoral wetland.
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19
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Creevy AL, Payne RJ, Andersen R, Rowson JG. Annual gaseous carbon budgets of forest-to-bog restoration sites are strongly determined by vegetation composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135863. [PMID: 31972925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large areas of naturally open peatland in western Europe were drained and planted with non-native conifers in the twentieth century. Efforts are currently underway to restore many of these sites. Ultimately, forest-to-bog restoration aims to bring back functional peatlands that can sequester carbon but there is a lack of empirical evidence for whether current approaches are effective. Using a chronosequence design, we compared the annual gaseous carbon balance of two forest-to-bog restoration areas with an open area not subject to afforestation. A closed chamber method was used to determine gas fluxes (Net Ecosystem Respiration, Gross Primary Productivity, Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and methane (CH4)) over a twelve-month period for locations spanning the range of peatland microtopography and vegetation communities. Relationships between gas fluxes, vegetation/cover and environmental factors were analysed and regression models used to estimate annual CO2 and CH4 budgets. During the study period, NEE estimates (total gaseous C expressed as CO2-eq) showed a net sink for the unafforested (-102 g C m-2 yr-1) and oldest (-131 g C m-2 yr-1) restoration area (17 years post-restoration 'RES 17 YRS'), whilst the youngest restoration area (6 years post-restoration 'RES 6YRS'), was a net source (35 g C m-2 yr-1). We observed significantly higher CH4 emissions from restoration areas dominated by Eriophorum angustifolium compared with other peatland vegetation types. Sampling points with higher cover of Sphagnum were found to be most effective for C sequestration. Overall, vegetation composition/cover was observed to be an important factor determining C emissions from forest-to-bog restoration areas. These results suggest that restoration is effective in returning the carbon sink function of peatlands damaged by commercial forestry and - depending on restoration techniques - timescales of >10 years may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Creevy
- Edge Hill University, Geography Department, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Richard J Payne
- University of York, Environment Department, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Roxane Andersen
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - James G Rowson
- Edge Hill University, Geography Department, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
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20
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Zhou Y, Jing L, Jiao S, Chen A, Li N, Lei J, Yang M, Jia Y, Lu C, Lei G. Dynamics of greenhouse gas emission induced by different burrowing activities of fossorial vertebrates in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:115-122. [PMID: 31654197 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) are endemic fossorial vertebrates in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow ecosystem. Their different burrowing activities together transform soil structure and then significantly change the landscape of meadow ecosystem. However, how their burrowing activities impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the pattern of GHG emissions between different types of tunnel burrowing still remain obscure. In this study, we conducted in situ measurements quantitatively investigating the impacts of the different burrowing activities of zokors and pikas on three main GHG CO2, CH4, and N2O from an alpine meadow ecosystem in southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that zokor hummocks and pika burrows were sources of CO2 and N2O and sinks of CH4. Zokors burrowing increased N2O in the atmosphere, decreased CO2, and enhanced CH4 absorbing, while pikas burrowing increased N2O in the atmosphere and enhanced CH4 absorbing. Considering the controversial role of fossorial vertebrates in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, this study also shed lights on effective management of animal activities with the aim of stabilizing or increasing ecosystem carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Jing
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Shengwu Jiao
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Nana Li
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jialin Lei
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yifei Jia
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Cai Lu
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guangchun Lei
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Yu X, Guo J, Lu X, Wang G, Jiang M, Zou Y. Comparative analyses of wetland plant biomass accumulation and litter decomposition subject to in situ warming and nitrogen addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:769-778. [PMID: 31326800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of climate warming on boreal wetland plant structure and carbon (C) sequestration on local scale may be overestimated. An in situ passive warming experiment manipulated by open-top chambers and artificial nitrogen (N) addition was deployed in a lacustrine wetland of Xingkai Lake for 3 consecutive years. The annual changes and allocations of the aboveground biomass of Glyceria spiculosa, and decomposition dynamics of the total litter and cotton strips as standard references were observed. Results showed that the aboveground biomass was significantly affected by warming and increased from 99.43 ± 10.59 g m-2 (ambient) to 112.02 ± 8.08 g m-2 (ca. +1 °C) and 117.21 ± 9.92 g m-2 (ca. +2 °C). N addition had a more positive effect on the annual aboveground biomass accumulations than warming, for the relative importance weights of N addition were 2.60 and 1.49 times greater than warming in 2011 and 2013 respectively. Their main effects on the allocations had significant interannual variations, and their interaction effects were dependent on organ and year. The decomposition constant (k-value) of the litter and cotton strips were 0.747 yr-1 and 2.057 yr-1, respectively. Compared to warming and N addition, the internal quality characterized by Lignocellulose index and soil organisms reflected by litterbag size played overwhelming role in decomposition dynamics, with 2 orders greater of relative importance weights in 2011 and 2012. Our results highlight the importance of interannual variation for differentiating the contributions of external and internal factors to boreal wetland plant biomass accumulation and decomposition. Given the asymmetric responses of accumulation and decomposition, the C storage in the litter would increase in long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Wetland Conservation and Vegetation Restoration & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Institute of Geographical Sciences of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xianguo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuanchun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment & Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland and Ecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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22
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Xue C, Ye C, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Liu P, Zhang C, Zhao X, Liu J, Mu Y. Development and application of a twin open-top chambers method to measure soil HONO emission in the North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:621-631. [PMID: 31096391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
HONO (nitrous acid) is a crucial precursor for tropospheric OH radicals, and its sources are not well understood. In the past decade, soil was proven to be a potential source for HONO. However, more field measurements of soil HONO emission flux are needed to explore the mechanism and its impact on regional air quality. Here, we developed a system based on twin open-top chambers (OTCs) and wet chemical methods to measure HONO emission flux from agricultural soil in the North China Plain (NCP). The performance of the OTC system was tested under laboratory and field measurement conditions. The results showed that the system could reflect the strength (>90%) and variation of gas emission with an average residence time of 4-5 min. The greenhouse effect and chemical reaction interference in the chamber was proven to have no significant influence on the HONO flux measurement. Field measurement revealed that agricultural soil before fertilization was an important source of HONO. The emission flux showed radiation-dependent or temperature-dependent variation, with a peak of 3.21 ng m-2 s-1 at noontime that could account for approximately 67 pptv h-1 of the missing HONO source under an assumed mixing layer height of 300 m. Fertilization substantially accelerated HONO emission, which was rationally attributed to biological processes including nitrification. Considering the high fertilization rate in the NCP and other similar regions in China, HONO emission from agricultural soil likely has enormous impact on regional photochemistry and air quality, suggesting that more research should be conducted on this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Xue
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Ye
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuobiao Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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23
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Combination of Warming and Vegetation Composition Change Strengthens the Environmental Controls on N2O Fluxes in a Boreal Peatland. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9120480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming and vegetation composition change are expected to influence greenhouse gas emissions from boreal peatlands. However, the interactive effects of warming and different vegetation compositions on N2O dynamics are poorly known, although N2O is a very potent greenhouse gas. In this study, manipulated warming and vegetation composition change were conducted in a boreal peatland to investigate the effects on N2O fluxes during the growing seasons in 2015 and 2016. We did not find a significant effect of warming treatment and combination treatments of warming and vegetation composition change on N2O fluxes. However, sedge removal treatment significantly increased N2O emissions by three-fold. Compared with the treatment of shrub and sedge removal, the combined treatment of warming and shrub and sedge removal significantly increased N2O consumption by five-fold. Similar to N2O fluxes, the cumulative N2O flux increased by ~3.5 times under sedge removal treatment, but this effect was not significant. In addition, the results showed that total soil nitrogen was the main control for N2O fluxes under combinative treatments of warming and sedge/shrub removal, while soil temperature and dissolved organic carbon were the main controls for N2O release under warming combined with the removal of all vascular plants. Our results indicate that boreal peatlands have a negligible effect on N2O fluxes in the short-term under climate change, and environmental controls on N2O fluxes become increasingly important under the condition of warming and vegetation composition change.
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