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Li M, Zhang Y, Huang M, Fan Y, Wang D, Ma Z, Ye T, Fan F. Prevalence, correlates, and mental health outcomes of social jetlag in Chinese school-age adolescents: A large-scale population-based study. Sleep Med 2024; 119:424-431. [PMID: 38781665 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of social jetlag (SJL) in Chinese adolescents, as well as to test the relationships between SJL and mental health problems. METHODS A total of 106979 students (Mage = 13.0 ± 1.8 years; Nmale = 58296 [54.5 %]) from Shenzhen, China completed an online survey from May 24th to June 5th, 2022. Information on sociodemographics, lifestyles, sleep characteristics, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate and binary logistic regression were adopted for data analysis. RESULTS 17.8 % of participants experienced SJL ≥ 2 h. To adjust the accumulated sleep debt, sleep-corrected SJL (SJLsc) was calculated and 8.3 % of individuals self-reported SJLsc ≥ 2 h. Both SJL and SJLsc show an increasing trend with age. Risk factors of SJL included females, poor parental marital status, being overweight, physically inactive, smoking, drinking, and having a late chronotype. Moreover, males, having siblings, boarding at school, short sleep duration, experiencing insomnia, and frequent nightmares were significantly associated with an increased risk of SJLsc. After adjusting for all covariates, adolescents with SJLsc ≥ 2 h were more likely to have anxiety symptoms (OR: 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.24-1.48) and depressive symptoms (OR: 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.25-1.46) than those with SJLsc < 1 h. CONCLUSIONS SJL is common among Chinese school-age adolescents. This study is valuable for the development of prevention and intervention strategies for SJL in adolescents at the population level. Additionally, the strong links between SJLsc and emotional problems underscore the critical significance of addressing SJL as a key aspect of adolescent well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijiao Huang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunge Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Xin'an Middle School Group Foreign Language School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Tamura N, Okamura K. Longitudinal course and outcome of social jetlag in adolescents: A 1-year follow-up study of the adolescent sleep health epidemiological cohorts. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14042. [PMID: 37697814 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The discrepancy in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends - social jetlag (SJL) - is known to negatively affect student quality of life (QOL). However, the association between social jetlag and physical/mental QOL among adolescents and the precise effect of social jetlag on depressive symptoms and daytime sleepiness remains unknown. This study investigated the longitudinal course, risk factors, and effects of social jetlag, a circadian misalignment, in a school-based cohort. The participants were 427 students (13.3 ± 0.6 years, 45.2% girls) from five junior high schools. We performed a baseline survey in 2019 and a 1-year follow-up survey in 2020. Depressive symptoms, QOL, and daytime sleepiness were assessed using the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and Paediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale. In the baseline survey, 49.6% of the students reported SJL ≥1 h, and 17.1% reported SJL ≥2 h. Among them, 37.2% and 6.8% reported persistent SJL at follow-up, respectively. New incidences of SJL ≥1 h were associated with older age, non-attainment of menarche or voice changes, and longer duration of smartphone use, whereas its persistence was associated with a later chronotype. Persistence of SJL ≥1 h and ≥2 h predicted depressive symptoms and daytime sleepiness at follow-up, whereas new incidences of SJL ≥2 h predicted lower QOL. In conclusion, social jetlag has a persistent course, and daytime functioning can deteriorate as social jetlag becomes chronic. Our findings suggest the need for intensive interventions for social jetlag among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Tamura
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Centre for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kayoko Okamura
- Osaka Municipal Nanko Kita Junior High School, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Hyogo, Japan
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Ma M, Fan Y, Peng Y, Ma Q, Jia M, Qi Z, Yang J, Wang W, Ma X, Yan B. Association of sleep timing with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the Sleep Heart Health Study and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. J Clin Sleep Med 2024; 20:545-553. [PMID: 38561941 PMCID: PMC10985312 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Previous studies have highlighted the importance of sleep patterns for human health. This study aimed to investigate the association of sleep timing with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. METHODS Participants were screened from two cohort studies: the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS; n = 4,824) and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (n = 2,658). Sleep timing, including bedtime and wake-up time, was obtained from sleep habit questionnaires at baseline. The sleep midpoint was defined as the halfway point between the bedtime and wake-up time. Restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine the association between sleep timing and mortality. RESULTS We observed a U-shaped association between bedtime and all-cause mortality in both the SHHS and Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study groups. Specifically, bedtime at 11:00 pm and waking up at 7:00 am was the nadir for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality risks. Individuals with late bedtime (> 12:00 am) had an increased risk of all-cause mortality in SHHS (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.28-1.84) and Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.58). In the SHHS, late wake-up time (> 8:00 am) was associated with increased all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.72). No significant association was found between wake-up time and cardiovascular disease mortality. Delaying sleep midpoint (> 4:00 am) was also significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the SHHS and Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. CONCLUSIONS Sleep timing is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Our findings highlight the importance of appropriate sleep timing in reducing mortality risk. CITATION Ma M, Fan Y, Peng Y, et al. Association of sleep timing with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the Sleep Heart Health Study and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(4):545-553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yajuan Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiyang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Suchecki D, Meerlo P, Wu TJ. Editorial: The bidirectional relationship between sleep and neuroendocrinology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1372967. [PMID: 38344664 PMCID: PMC10853462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1372967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Suchecki
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T. John Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Chang CS, Chang LY, Wu CC, Chang HY. Associations between social jetlag trajectories and body mass index among young adults. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad270. [PMID: 37855456 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study employed longitudinal data collected repeatedly from individuals over the course of several years to examine the trajectories of social jetlag from ages 11 to 22 years and their associations with subsequent body mass index (BMI). Potential sex differences were also investigated. METHODS Data were obtained from two longitudinal studies conducted in Taiwan (N = 4287). Social jetlag was defined as ≥ 2 hours of absolute difference in sleep midpoint between weekdays and weekends. BMI was calculated using weight (kg)/height(m)2 and categorized as underweight (<18 kg/m2), normal weight (18 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 27 kg/m2), and obese (≥27 kg/m2). Group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic regression were applied to investigate study objectives. RESULTS Four distinct trajectories of social jetlag throughout the adolescent years were identified, with corresponding proportions as follows: low-stable (42%), moderate-decreasing (19%), low-increasing (22%), and chronic (17%) trajectories. Among males, the risk of being underweight (aOR, 1.96; 95% CI: 1.35 to 2.84) or obese (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.92) was higher in individuals with a low-increasing trajectory than in those with a low-stable trajectory. Among females, those with a low-increasing (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.54) or chronic (aOR, 2.04; 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.25) trajectory were at a higher risk of being obese relative to those with a low-stable trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the development of increasing or chronic social jetlag during adolescence can help prevent abnormal BMI in young adulthood. Practitioners should consider sex differences in treatment or consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shuan Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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Qu X, Kalb LG, Holingue C, Rojo-Wissar DM, Pritchard AE, Spira AP, Volk HE, Jacobson LA. Association of Time in Bed, Social Jetlag, and Sleep Disturbances With Cognitive Performance in Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:99-108. [PMID: 37864347 PMCID: PMC11166002 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231204010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children with ADHD commonly exhibit sleep disturbances, but there is limited knowledge about how sleep and sleep timing are associated with cognitive dysfunction in children with ADHD. METHODS Participants were 350 children aged 5 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD. Three sleep-related constructs-time in bed, social jetlag (i.e., discrepancy in sleep timing pattern between school nights and weekend nights), and sleep disturbances were measured using a caregiver-report questionnaire. Linear regression models assessed the associations between sleep-related constructs and cognitive performance. RESULTS After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, there were few associations between time in bed or sleep disturbances and cognitive performance, however, greater social jetlag was negatively associated with processing speed (β = -.20, 95% CI [-0.35, -0.06]), visually-based reasoning (β = -.13, 95% CI [-0.27, 0.00]), and language-based reasoning (β = -.22, 95% CI [-0.36, -0.08]); all p < .05). CONCLUSION Social jetlag, but not time in bed or disturbances, was associated with lower cognitive performance among children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Qu
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luther G Kalb
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Alison E Pritchard
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather E Volk
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Jacobson
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Chang CS, Wu CC, Chang LY, Chang HY. Associations between social loneliness trajectories and chronotype among adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:179-191. [PMID: 36752940 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Late chronotype during adolescence is a critical risk factor for poor physical and mental health among adolescents. While social loneliness is confirmed to negatively influence sleep behaviors, the long-term effect of social loneliness on chronotype remains unknown. This study aims to investigate whether social loneliness trajectories from middle childhood to adolescence are associated with chronotype in late adolescence and examine the potential sex differences in these associations. Data were obtained from 2398 adolescents who participated in the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution project. Chronotype was calculated as the midpoint of sleep on free days adjusted for sleep debt. Group-based trajectory modeling and multiple linear regression were employed to establish social loneliness trajectories and determine their associations with chronotype. Social loneliness trajectories were significantly associated with chronotype and varied by sex. Specifically, boys following a high-decreasing trajectory had earlier chronotype during late adolescence than did those following a low-decreasing trajectory (B = - 0.07; p < 0.05). By contrast, girls following a low-to-moderate-increasing trajectory exhibited later chronotype than did those following a low-stable trajectory (B = 0.07; p < 0.01). Social loneliness trajectories, especially those displaying significant fluctuations over time, are critical indicators influencing chronotype among adolescents. Furthermore, these trajectories and their associations with chronotype display sex differences. These findings highlight the need for early interventions for psychological factors such as social loneliness to ensure that the late chronotype can be prevented. In addition, sex variations must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shuan Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Room 622, 6F, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Room 622, 6F, No. 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Price E, Li X, Xu Y, Mansuri A, McCall WV, Su S, Wang X. Age, sex and race distribution of accelerometer-derived sleep variability in US school-aged children and adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22114. [PMID: 38092889 PMCID: PMC10719297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep variability (e.g. intra-individual variabilities in sleep duration or sleep timing, social jetlag, and catch-up sleep) is an important factor impacting health and mortality. However, limited information is available on the distribution of these sleep parameters across the human life span. We aimed to provide distribution of sleep variability related parameters across lifespan by sex and race in a national representative sample from the U.S. population. The study included 9981 participants 6 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014, who had 4-7 days of valid 24-h accelerometer recording with at least one day obtained during weekend (Friday or Saturday night). Of the study participants, 43% showed ≥ 60 min sleep duration standard deviation (SD), 51% experienced ≥ 60 min catch-up sleep, 20% showed ≥ 60 min sleep midpoint SD, and 43% experienced ≥ 60 min social jetlag. American youth and young adults averaged greater sleep variability compared to other age groups. Non-Hispanic Blacks showed greater sleep variability in all parameters compared to other racial groups. There was a main effect of sex on sleep midpoint SD and social jetlag with males averaging slightly more than females. Our study provides important observations on sleep variability parameters of residents of the United States by using objectively measured sleep patterns and will provide unique insights for personalized advice on sleep hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elexis Price
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Building HS-1721, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Asifhusen Mansuri
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Children's Hospital of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William V McCall
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Building HS-1721, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Building HS-1721, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Boatswain-Jacques AF, Dusablon C, Cimon-Paquet C, YuTong Guo É, Ménard R, Matte-Gagné C, Carrier J, Bernier A. From early birds to night owls: a longitudinal study of actigraphy-assessed sleep trajectories during the transition from pre- to early adolescence. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad127. [PMID: 37101354 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Pre- and early adolescence are believed to constitute periods of important age-related changes in sleep. However, much of the research on these presumed developmental changes has used cross-sectional data or subjective measures of sleep, limiting the quality of the evidence. In addition, little is known about the development of certain features of the sleep-wake cycle pertaining to regularity (e.g. weekend-weekday differences and intra-individual variability) or circadian rhythms (e.g. sleep midpoint). METHODS This study examined the sleep trajectories of 128 typically developing youth (69 girls) from ages 8 to 12 years on four sleep characteristics: sleep onset, sleep offset, total sleep time (TST), and sleep midpoint. For each of these characteristics, actigraphy-derived estimates of typical (i.e. mean) sleep and sleep regularity were obtained at each time point. Multilevel growth curves were modeled. RESULTS Overall, the sleep-wake cycle significantly changed between 8 and 12 years. Mean sleep onset, offset and midpoint exhibited an ascending curvilinear growth pattern that shifted later with age, while mean TST decreased linearly. Weekend-weekday differences (social jetlag) for sleep offset and midpoint became more pronounced each year. Weekday TST was longer than weekend TST, though this difference became smaller over time. Finally, intra-individual variability increased over time for all sleep characteristics, with variability in TST ascending curvilinearly. Important between-person and sex differences were also observed. CONCLUSION This study reveals the marked changes that occur in the sleep of typically developing pre- and early adolescents. We discuss the potential implications of these trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosalie Ménard
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Julie Carrier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Annie Bernier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada
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Tuerxun P, Xu K, Wang M, Wei M, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Li C, Zhang J. Obesogenic sleep patterns among Chinese preschool children: A latent profile and transition analysis of the association sleep patterns and obesity risk. Sleep Med 2023; 110:123-131. [PMID: 37574612 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper utilized a person-centered approach to examine whether sleep patterns on school and free days are associated with obesity risk in preschool children aged 3-6 years. METHODS The cross-sectional analysis included 204 children from the Wuhan Healthy Start Project with valid sleep data in at least four consecutive days gathered via Actigraph GT3X+. Based on three domains of sleep duration, sleep onset, and sleep offset, we used latent profile analysis to identify distinct sleep patterns on school and free days separately. Additionally, we conducted latent transition analysis to explore the probabilities of sleep patterns transitions between school and free days. The multivariate logistic regression model investigated the associations of sleep patterns with overweight/obesity (OWO) (BMI ≥ age- and sex-specific 85th percentile) and abdominal obesity (AO) (WC ≥ age- and sex-specific 75th percentile). RESULTS Two sleep patterns were identified for school days: "EL-sc" (early-to-sleep/longer-duration) (n = 119; 58.3%) and "LS-sc" (late-to-sleep/shorter-duration) (n = 85; 41.7%). Similarly, "LES-fr" (late-to-sleep/early-to-wake/shorter-duration) (n = 118; 57.8%) and "ELL-fr" (early-to-sleep/late-to-wake/longer-duration) (n = 86; 42.2%) patterns were identified for free days. LTA categorized the participants into four distinct transition groups, i.e., "EL-sc→ELL-fr" (32.9%), "EL-sc→LES-fr" (24.0%), "LS-sc→LES-fr" (33.8%), and "LS-sc→ELL-fr" (9.3%). Compared with the "ELsc→ELL-fr", the "LS-sc→LES-fr" had a higher risk of OWO (AOR 4.76; 95% CI: 1.39-20.33) and AO (AOR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.21-6.62), respectively. Neither "EL-sc→LES-fr" (AOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.14-6.67) nor "LS-sc→ELL-fr" (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.03-6.14) was significantly associated with OWO. Likewise, no significant association was observed for "EL-sc→LES-fr" (AOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.35-2.62) and "LS-sc→ELL-fr" (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.11-2.18) with AO. CONCLUSIONS "LS-sc→LES-fr" pattern is significantly associated with an increased risk of general and abdominal obesity, indicating its obesogenic nature. Furthermore, although not statistically associated with obesity outcomes, "LS-sc→ELL-fr" and "EL-sc→LES-fr" patterns exhibit a semi-obesogenic characteristic. In addition, we identified a concerning trend that preschool children are at risk of transitioning to and persisting in sleep patterns characterized by delayed and shorter sleep. These findings underscore the importance of implementing interventions and strategies to address sleep patterns as a crucial step to minimize the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiziyeti Tuerxun
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Miyuan Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengna Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfen Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Charifson M, Ghassabian A, Seok E, Naidu M, Mehta-Lee SS, Brubaker SG, Afanasyeva Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Trasande L, Kahn LG. Chronotype and sleep duration interact to influence time to pregnancy: Results from a New York City cohort. Sleep Health 2023; 9:467-474. [PMID: 37055302 PMCID: PMC10514230 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To study associations between nighttime sleep characteristics and time to pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant people age ≥18 years and<18 weeks' gestation were recruited from 3 New York University Grossman School of Medicine affiliated hospitals in Manhattan and Brooklyn (n = 1428) and enrolled into the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study. Participants in the first trimester of pregnancy were asked to recall their time to pregnancy and their sleep characteristics in the 3 months before conception. RESULTS Participants who reported sleeping<7 hours per night tended to have shorter time to pregnancy than those who slept 7-9 hours per night (adjusted fecundability odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.94, 1.41). Participants with a sleep midpoint of 4 AM or later tended to have longer time to pregnancy compared with those with earlier sleep midpoints (before 4 AM) (adjusted fecundability odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.74, 1.04). When stratified by sleep midpoint, sleeping<7 hours was significantly associated with shorter time to pregnancy only among those whose sleep midpoint was before 4 AM (adjusted fecundability odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.67). CONCLUSIONS The association of sleep duration with time to pregnancy was modified by chronotype, suggesting that both biological and behavioral aspects of sleep may influence fecundability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Charifson
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Eunsil Seok
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mrudula Naidu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shilpi S Mehta-Lee
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sara G Brubaker
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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Pompeia S, Panjeh S, Louzada FM, D'Almeida V, Hipolide DC, Cogo-Moreira H. Social jetlag is associated with adverse cardiometabolic latent traits in early adolescence: an observational study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085302. [PMID: 37469985 PMCID: PMC10352840 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is marked by physiological and social changes, such as puberty, increased responsibilities and earlier school start times. This often leads to insufficient sleep on school nights and the need to compensate for lost sleep on weekends, causing a misalignment between biological and social times, which has been termed social jetlag (SJL). SJL triggers stress responses and is associated with several negative health outcomes, including higher cardiometabolic risk in adults. In adolescence, however, SJL has only been consistently related to increases in adiposity but its association with other cardiometabolic indicators are unclear. Method In a sample of 278 healthy early adolescents (9-15 years of age; 168 girls) we investigated: 1) whether self-reported SJL is associated (using path analyses) with a cardiometabolic status latent factor obtained by testing the best fitting model via confirmatory factor analyses from an initial set of eight indicators [body mass index (BMI), waist/height ratio, triglyceride concentration, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (chol/HDL), and % body fat]; and 2) whether age and/or pubertal status influence the association between SJL and cardiometabolic status. Result We found that, for girls, higher SJL was associated with more adverse cardiometabolic latent scores (the shared variance of BMI, waist/height ratio, chol/HDL and systolic blood pressure, which had acceptable model fit indices). However, the role of age and pubertal status in this association was unclear for both sexes. Discussion SJL was associated with adverse cardiometabolic latent traits beyond increases in adiposity in this observational study in early female adolescents. Because disruptions of circadian rhythms are believed to lead to dysregulated energy homeostasis and not vice-versa, our findings highlight the need for sleep interventions in adolescence to help reduce the global burden of cardiometabolic ill health, especially in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pompeia
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sareh Panjeh
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vania D'Almeida
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
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13
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Arrona-Palacios A, Díaz-Morales JF, Duffy JF. The influence of a permanent double-shift school start time on adolescent sleep and chronotype across different age groups. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:850-863. [PMID: 37212086 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2215343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to explore the differences in sleep habits and chronotype across different age groups in Mexican adolescents attending a permanent double-shift school system. This cross-sectional study consisted of 1,969 (1,084 girls) students from public elementary, secondary, and high schools, as well as undergraduate university students from Mexico. Age range was 10-22 [15.33 ± 3.28 (mean ± SD)] years, 988 morning shift and 981 afternoon shift students. Questions regarding usual self-reported bedtime and rise time were collected, and from that, estimates for time in bed, midpoint of sleep, social jetlag, and chronotype were evaluated. Afternoon shift students reported later rise times, bedtimes, midpoint of sleep, and longer time in bed on school days than morning shift students, as well as less social jetlag. Overall, afternoon shift students reported a later chronotype than morning shift students. Peak lateness of chronotype in afternoon shift students was at age 15, with girls peaking at age 14 and boys at age 15. Meanwhile, morning shift students reported peak lateness of chronotype around age 20. In this study, adolescents from different age ranges attending an extremely delayed school start time reported adequate sleep compared with adolescents attending a fixed morning school start time. In addition, the analysis presented in this study seems to suggest that the peak of late chronotype may be influenced by school start times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Writing Lab, Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Juan F Díaz-Morales
- Department of Social Psychology, Work and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Galeno DML, Peixoto HJA, Carneiro BTS, Leocadio-Miguel MA. Cardiometabolic risk factors and social jetlag in university professors. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12539. [PMID: 37403885 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to circadian disruption, with variability in sleep time and duration. This scenario increases the prevalence and incidence of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Social jetlag (SJL), a proxy of circadian disruption, has been associated with increased vulnerability to the development of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. This research aimed to evaluate how variables associated with cardiometabolic risk are related to SJL and poor sleep among university professors. From 2018 to 2019, full-time university professors (n=103) with a mean age of 44±5.4 years were assessed for sleep quality, chronotype, SJL, metabolic components, sociodemographic characteristics, and physical evaluation. Sleep quality and weekday sleep duration were associated with stress (r=0.44 and r=-0.34) and anxiety (r=0.40), respectively. Mean sleep duration (n=65) was 7.0±1.1 h and all professors with poor sleep (41.2%; n=28) worked 40 h/week. Professors who slept less were significantly (r=-0.25) older, and teaching time (years) was positively correlated with blood glucose (r=0.42). Mean SJL was 59.8 ±4.5 min (n=68) and 48.5% of these professors had values ≤1 h and 51.4% ≥1 h. SJL and blood glucose concentration were associated (r=0.35), which reinforced that challenges to the circadian system reverberate on metabolism. In this study, professors at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte had cardiometabolic risks related to anxiety, stress, and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M L Galeno
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - H J A Peixoto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - B T S Carneiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - M A Leocadio-Miguel
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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15
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Staller N, Quante M, Deutsch H, Randler C. Onsite versus home-office: differences in sleep patterns according to workplace. SOMNOLOGIE 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37359478 PMCID: PMC10243697 DOI: 10.1007/s11818-023-00408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective This study aimed to evaluate the sleep patterns of students and employees working onsite versus those working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic using actigraphy. Methods A total of 75 students/employees (onsite: N = 40, home-office: N = 35; age range: 19-56 years; 32% male; 42.7% students, 49.3% employees) were studied between December 2020 and January 2022 using actigraphy, a sleep diary, and an online questionnaire assessing sociodemographics and morningness-eveningness. Independent-sample t-tests, paired-sample tests, and a multivariate general linear model adjusting for age (fixed factors: sex and work environment) were applied. Results Overall, onsite workers had significantly earlier rise times (7:05 [SD: 1:11] versus 7:44 [1:08] hours) and midpoints of sleep (2:57 [0:58] versus 3:33 [0:58] hours) on weekdays compared to home-office workers. Sleep efficiency, sleep duration, variability of sleep timing, and social jetlag did not differ between the groups. Discussion Home-office workers showed a delay in sleep timing that did not affect any other sleep parameters such as sleep efficiency or nighttime sleep duration. The work environment had only marginal impact on sleep patterns and thus sleep health in this sample. Sleep timing variability did not differ between groups. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s11818-023-00408-5) contains supplementary material 1 and 2, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Staller
- Department of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirja Quante
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helen Deutsch
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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Screen use before sleep and emotional problems among adolescents: Preliminary evidence of mediating effect of chronotype and social jetlag. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:175-182. [PMID: 36806592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen use before sleep is shown to be positively related to emotional problems. However, whether this relationship was mediated by circadian phenotypes (i.e., chronotype and social jetlag) remains unclear. METHODS Data from two independent adolescent surveys among 2685 and 1368 adolescents, respectively, were used. Adolescents reported screen use before sleep (yes/no and screen time), chronotype, social jetlag, and emotional problems using questionnaires. Serial mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS Adolescents who reported screen use before sleep showed later chronotype and greater social jetlag, which was further associated with a higher level of emotional problems. Such relationships held for screen use as a yes/no variable and screen time. The serial indirect effect of chronotype and social jetlag accounted for 6.2%-16.7% of the total effect of screen use before sleep on emotional problems. LIMITATIONS The use of a cross-sectional design did not allow the establishment of causal links between the variables. All data were self-reported by adolescents, and might be subject to report bias and recall bias. CONCLUSIONS These findings contributed to the existing literature by examining the mediating effect of chronotype and social jetlag in the relationship between screen use before sleep and emotional problems from a circadian rhythm perspective. Healthy media use habits and interventions targeting circadian characteristics may work towards promoting emotional health in adolescents.
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Uccella S, Cordani R, Salfi F, Gorgoni M, Scarpelli S, Gemignani A, Geoffroy PA, De Gennaro L, Palagini L, Ferrara M, Nobili L. Sleep Deprivation and Insomnia in Adolescence: Implications for Mental Health. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040569. [PMID: 37190534 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep changes significantly throughout the human lifespan. Physiological modifications in sleep regulation, in common with many mammals (especially in the circadian rhythms), predispose adolescents to sleep loss until early adulthood. Adolescents are one-sixth of all human beings and are at high risk for mental diseases (particularly mood disorders) and self-injury. This has been attributed to the incredible number of changes occurring in a limited time window that encompasses rapid biological and psychosocial modifications, which predispose teens to at-risk behaviors. Adolescents’ sleep patterns have been investigated as a biunivocal cause for potential damaging conditions, in which insufficient sleep may be both a cause and a consequence of mental health problems. The recent COVID-19 pandemic in particular has made a detrimental contribution to many adolescents’ mental health and sleep quality. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge in the field and to explore implications for adolescents’ (and future adults’) mental and physical health, as well as to outline potential strategies of prevention.
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18
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Associations of social jetlag and insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A large population-based study. Sleep Med 2023; 104:98-104. [PMID: 36917899 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the associations of social jetlag and insomnia symptoms with depressive symptoms among adolescents. METHODS A total of 37,871 junior high students completed an online survey between May 24th and Jun 5th, 2022. Insomnia symptoms were assessed by three items based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Social jetlag and depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore the relationship between social jetlag and depressive symptoms. Joint effects of social jetlag and insomnia symptoms on depressive symptoms were estimated using additive interaction models. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 13.1%. Depressive symptoms were more common in adolescents with social jetlag ≥2 h (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.39-1.65) and insomnia symptoms (OR: 6.91, 95% CI: 6.41-7.44). There was a J-shaped relationship between social jetlag and depressive symptoms when we took social jetlag as a continuous variable. Moreover, a positive additive interaction of social jetlag ≥2 h and insomnia symptoms on depressive symptoms was found in female adolescents (RERI: 2.30, 95% CI: 0.11-4.49). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that social jetlag ≥2 h and insomnia are related to the occurrence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Their coexistence additively enhances the strength of the association with depressive symptoms. Early screening and intervention for insomnia, as well as methods to reduce social jetlag, should be comprised as part of preventive strategies for depression in adolescents.
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Sleep deprivation among adolescents in urban and indigenous-rural Mexican communities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1058. [PMID: 36658329 PMCID: PMC9852252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparing the nature of adolescent sleep across urban and more isolated, rural settings through an ecological, cross-cultural perspective represents one way to inform sleep nuances and broaden our understanding of human development, wellbeing and evolution. Here we tested the Social Jetlag Hypothesis, according to which contemporary, urban lifestyles and technological advances are associated with sleep insufficiency in adolescents. We documented the adolescent sleep duration (11-16 years old; X̅ = 13.7 ± 1.21; n = 145) in two small agricultural, indigenous and one densely urban context in Mexico to investigate whether adolescents in socio-ecologically distinct locations experience sleep deprivation. Sleep data was assembled with actigraphy, sleep diaries and standardized questionnaires. We employed multilevel models to analyze how distinct biological and socio-cultural factors (i.e., pubertal maturation, chronotype, napping, gender, working/schooling, access to screen-based devices, exposure to light, and social sleep practices) shape adolescent sleep duration. Results suggest that the prevalence of adolescent short sleep quotas is similar in rural, more traditional environments compared to highly urbanized societies, and highlight the influence of social activities on the expression of human sleep. This study challenges current assumptions about natural sleep and how adolescents slept before contemporary technological changes occurred.
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Nicholson L, Bohnert AM, Crowley SJ. A developmental perspective on sleep consistency: Preschool age through emerging adulthood. Behav Sleep Med 2023; 21:97-116. [PMID: 35014925 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.2024192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Beyond sleep duration, the regularity of sleep patterns (e.g., sleep consistency), including variability in sleep timing (e.g., bedtime, wake time) and duration, is a critical marker of sleep health. Sleep consistency is captured using a variety of methods within the literature (e.g., sleep intraindividual variability, social jetlag), but most of the research focuses on adolescents. METHODS Drawing on a developmental perspective, this narrative review highlights how normative changes at the individual (e.g., biological, cognitive, and social) and contextual (e.g., home, school, sociocultural) levels may contribute to inconsistent sleep patterns across development. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This review emphasizes how inconsistent sleep may increase across pivotal transitions throughout development (e.g., elimination of naps, puberty, summertime, entering college). Finally, recommendations for measuring sleep consistency and areas to address in future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nicholson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy M Bohnert
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Vollmer C, Jankowski KS. COVID-19-lockdown delayed sleep timing in Tyrolean teachers. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1601-1610. [PMID: 36322400 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2138424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Delayed school start times improve students' sleep, but little is known about its impact on teachers. The Austrian COVID-19 lockdown, enabling teachers to choose their working hours, created the unique opportunity to test the impact of a forced home office on Tyrolean teachers' sleep. From April to May 2020, a cross-sectional and complete online survey was implemented with 2,314 Tyrolean teachers participating. Bedtimes and wake times on workdays and on weekends were measured before the lockdown (retrospectively) and during the lockdown. Additional variables were calculated: time spent in bed on workdays/weekends, social jetlag, and sleep loss. During the lockdown, as compared to the period before it, the teachers reported later bedtimes and rise times, longer sleep duration on workdays, decreased workday sleep loss, and reduced social jetlag. These effects occurred predominantly due to a delay in rise times on workdays and were enhanced in younger teachers. Changing to a home office during lockdown induced a robust drift towards later hours on workdays, indicating that teachers benefit from delayed school start times by aligning their workday sleep habits to their biological sleep needs. In conclusion, not only adolescent students but also teachers benefit from a delayed school start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vollmer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Daylight Saving Time: Neurological and Neuropsychological Implications. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-022-00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Long Z, Zhao A, Chen Y, Li R, Xia Y, Guo Y, Li S. The associations of chronotype and social jetlag with prosocial behavior problems among Chinese adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1498-1507. [PMID: 36154358 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2127362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Potential relevance between the circadian rhythm and behavioral health has got raising attention in recent years. This study aimed to examine chronotype, social jetlag and their associations with prosocial behavior problems among Chinese adolescents. A total of 4,666 middle school students aged 12-18 years were enrolled in study. Sleep characteristics were collected by the modified Chinese version of Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (M-ASHS); MSFsc and mid-sleep point were calculated to determine chronotypes and social jetlag. Prosocial behavior problems were assessed by the Strength and Difficult Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationships between chronotype and social jetlag with prosocial behavior problems. Evening chronotype was associated with higher risk of prosocial behavior problems, whether among male (OR = 1.82, 95%CI:1.27-2.61, P = .001) or female adolescents (OR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.15-2.91, P = .011). Female adolescents with social jetlag of 1-2 hours had 1.60 times the risk of prosocial behavior problems than their peers whose social jetlag was <1 h (P = .028); social jetlag ≥ 2 h was positively associated with prosocial behavior problems in both male and female adolescents (OR = 1.79 and 2.45, respectively, both P < .05). Further, the combination of intermediate chronotype and social jetlag ≥ 2 h was correlated with prosocial behavior problems only in female adolescents (OR = 3.24, 95%CI = 1.40-9.21, P = .004). Evening chronotype and higher social jetlag were risk factors for prosocial behavior problems in adolescents, especially for the female. For the promotion of prosocial behavior in adolescents, the importance of circadian rhythm should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichong Long
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anda Zhao
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Xia
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Abstract
Social jet lag refers to circadian misalignment that occurs when people shift their sleep schedules from weekdays to weekends. Social jet lag is linked with numerous negative health outcomes, with emerging research connecting social jet lag to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. Existing research has not yet examined the associations between social jet lag and eating styles (e.g., emotional eating). Emotional eating and loss of control over eating are problematic eating styles which may lead to overeating and weight gain. Conversely, intuitive eating is associated with positive health outcomes such as lower risk of obesity. The present study examined social jet lag and eating styles in a young adult sample, as emerging adulthood is an important developmental time period for establishing healthy sleep and eating habits. Results of the current study indicated that in a sample of 372 American undergraduate participants, social jet lag significantly predicted lower intuitive eating (β = -.129, p = .012) and greater emotional eating (β = .12, p = .022) when controlling for age, sex, and chronotype. It was marginally predictive of loss of control over eating (β = .102, p = .050). Sleep quantity on weekdays (not weekends) also significantly predicted intuitive eating (p = .017) and loss of control over eating (p = .044), and sleep quality significantly predicted intuitive eating (p < .001), emotional eating (p < .001), and loss of control over eating (p < .001). These findings extend our understanding of the relationship between social jet lag and eating styles in college students. Addressing social jet lag in this population is an important consideration for their cardiometabolic health and for reducing weight fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Vrabec
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Maryam Yuhas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alexa Deyo
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Kidwell
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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25
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Hayes JF, Schumacher LM, Lanoye A, LaRose JG, Tate DF, Espeland MA, Gorin AA, Lewis CE, Jelalian E, Wing RR. Persistent, High Levels of Social Jetlag Predict Poor Weight Outcomes in a Weight Gain Prevention Study for Young adults. J Behav Med 2022; 45:794-803. [PMID: 35841487 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social jetlag (SJL), the discrepancy in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends, is associated with higher BMI and cardiometabolic risk and is common in young adults. We examined whether chronic SJL impacts weight gain in young adults participating in a weight gain prevention trial. METHODS Young adults (n = 599, age 18-35; BMI: 21.0-30.9 kg/m2) completed assessments at 0, 4, 12, and 24 months. Multilevel mixed growth models were used to examine (1) associations between demographics and longitudinal SJL and (2) longitudinal SJL as a predictor of weight change and cardiometabolic outcomes. SJL was assessed as a continuous and clinically-significant dichotomous (< vs. ≥2 h) variable. RESULTS 38% of participants had clinically-significant SJL at ≥ 1 timepoints (Baseline M ± SD = 1.3±0.89). Younger (b=-0.05, p < 0.001), female (b = 0.18, p = 0.037) and Black (compared to White, b = 0.23, p = 0.045) participants were more likely to have greater SJL. Individuals with high SJL (≥ 2 h; between-person effect) were more likely to have greater weight gain over 2 years (b = 0.05, p = 0.028). High SJL did not affect the rate of change in waist circumference or cardiometabolic markers over time. CONCLUSIONS High SJL is associated with greater weight gain over time. Reducing SJL may positively impact weight status in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Hayes
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. .,Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
| | - Leah M Schumacher
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Autumn Lanoye
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jessica Gokee LaRose
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Deborah F Tate
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy A Gorin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cora E Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rena R Wing
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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26
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Rea EM, Nicholson LM, Mead MP, Egbert AH, Bohnert AM. Daily relations between nap occurrence, duration, and timing and nocturnal sleep patterns in college students. Sleep Health 2022; 8:356-363. [PMID: 35732554 PMCID: PMC9378669 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/DESIGN Sleep patterns change during college, and students may nap to compensate for lost sleep. Despite the increased prevalence of napping among students, few studies have investigated daily relations between napping and nocturnal sleep, as well as how timing of naps and nocturnal sleep might influence one another. The present study used daily diaries to capture the occurrence, timing, and duration of napping and relation to nocturnal sleep. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Daily diary data, collected for 4-7 days, from 654 college students from a mid-sized midwestern university (81.5% female). MEASUREMENT Participants reported nightly sleep durations, bedtimes, and wake times as well as nap durations and nap start times. RESULTS Multilevel modeling (MLM) and multi-level logistic regressions revealed bidirectional relations between nocturnal sleep and napping. Regarding nocturnal sleep and its relation to next day napping, nocturnal sleep (including shorter duration and later bedtime) was associated with increased odds of napping and longer napping the following day. Shorter sleep duration was also associated with taking an earlier nap, while later bedtime was associated with a later nap the following day. Regarding napping and its association with same-night nocturnal sleep, taking a nap was associated with longer sleep duration that night, however, later nap start times and longer nap durations were associated with later bedtimes that night. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence for bidirectional associations between napping and nocturnal sleep. Future studies are needed to explore how naps could be optimized to promote nocturnal sleep among college students, as well as for whom naps might be most beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rea
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Laura M Nicholson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael P Mead
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy H Egbert
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Miriam Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amy M Bohnert
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Kahn M, Gradisar M. Sleeping through COVID-19: a longitudinal comparison of 2019 and 2020 infant auto-videosomnography metrics. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:693-700. [PMID: 34409612 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric experts called attention to the potential adverse effects of living restrictions (e.g., lockdown) on child well-being, but at the same time- acknowledged their possible benefits. To date, only few data-driven reports have been published on child sleep during COVID-19, and all have been based on parent- or self-reports. This study used auto-videosomnography to capture the effects of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders imposed in the USA on objectively measured infant sleep. METHODS Auto-videosomnography metrics of infants assessed nightly between January and May 2020 were compared with metrics of an equivalent infant cohort, assessed in the corresponding 2019 period. A total of 610 infants (50.7% girls) aged 6-18 months (M = 11.8, SD = 3.6) were included, with 71,472 analyzed nights. Multilevel models were applied to assess differences between 2019 and 2020 infant sleep pre- and during-lockdown. RESULTS Whereas infant cohorts were equivalent in demographic and January-March/April sleep characteristics, during the 2020 lockdown infants had longer nighttime sleep durations (Mdifference = 11.0 min, p = .01), later morning rise times (Mdifference = 9.5 min, p = .008), and later out-of-crib times (Mdifference = 12.3 min, p < .0001), compared to the equivalent 2019 period. In addition, weekday-weekend differences in sleep onset and midpoint times were diminished during 2020 home-confinement compared to the equivalent 2019 period (2019: Mdifference = 5.5 min, p < .0001; Mdifference = 4.5 min, p < .0001; 2020: Mdifference = 2.3 min, p = .01; Mdifference = 3.1 min, p < .0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Notwithstanding the negative implications of COVID-19 living restrictions in other domains, our findings indicate that there might be a silver lining-in promoting longer and more consistent infant sleep. These benefits should be considered in determining policy for the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kahn
- Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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28
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Giannoumis M, Mok E, Borkhoff CM, Birken CS, Maguire J, Parkin PC, Li P, Constantin E. Association of accelerometry-derived social jetlag and sleep with temperament in children less than 6 years of age. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:1993-1999. [PMID: 35532114 PMCID: PMC9340604 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Social jetlag (SJL) measures the discrepancy between circadian and social clocks. Using accelerometry-derived data, our objective was to assess the prevalence of SJL in young healthy children and determine the association of SJL and sleep with temperament. METHODS Of 117 children participating in TARGet Kids!, a Canadian cohort of healthy preschool-aged children, 78 children (39 girls (50%)); mean age [SD]: 35.1[20.5] months) were included. Sleep was measured objectively using accelerometry. Temperament dimensions (surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control) were assessed with the very short forms of Rothbart's child and infant behavior questionnaires. We examined associations of SJL and sleep with temperament using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, and preschool/daycare attendance. RESULTS 20 out of 78 (25.6%) experienced SJL of greater than 30 minutes. SJL was greater in children who attended preschool/daycare compared with children who did not (26.3[18.8]min vs. 17.6[14.8]min; p<0.05). There was no evidence of an association between SJL and any temperament dimension. We found evidence of an association between increased sleep duration and increased negative affectivity scores (longer 24h sleep (ß:0.347, 95% CI:0.182,0.512, p<0.0001); longer nighttime sleep duration (ß:0.413, 95% CI:0.163,0.663, p=0.002)). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, 1 in 4 preschool-aged children experienced SJL. Increased sleep duration was associated with increased negative affect, which could have implications for children developing internalizing behavior such as depression or low-self-esteem. We found that sleep duration, but not SJL, was associated with temperament and may impact daytime behavior of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elise Mok
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cornelia M Borkhoff
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathon Maguire
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team (PORT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patricia Li
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Evelyn Constantin
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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29
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Randler C, Staller N, Tryjanowski P. Negative social jetlag - Special consideration of leisure activities and evidence from birdwatchers. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13372. [PMID: 33960554 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Birdwatching (birding) is a nature-based recreational activity, often including arising early in the morning. In the present study, we tested the effect of a negative social jetlag (SJL) in birders. Negative SJL implies that people have an even earlier sleep-wake rhythm on free days or weekends. As birds' activities start before or shortly after sunrise, especially during spring and early summer, birdwatchers follow this diurnal pattern. Further, birders are not homogeneous and vary greatly in recreational specialisation. The study was based on an online survey with 2,404 birdwatchers (55% male) who responded to questions about their sleep-wake times and about their birding activities. Birders show the same differences between weekdays and weekends/free days sleep like most other people. However, birdwatching days started earlier than weekdays (14 min) and lasted longer. Thus, birdwatching days are shifted towards an earlier sleep-wake rhythm in total. Birdwatchers experience a sleep curtailment during birding. Instead of sleeping ~30 min longer on weekends, they arise ~15 min earlier, summing up to a sleep reduction of about ~45 min compared to a regular weekend. The more psychologically committed birders are, the less they sleep, the earlier they arise, and the earlier is their midpoint of sleep on birdwatching days; meaning that highly specialised birders shift their sleep-wake rhythm to an earlier time compared to their regular weekend, and even their weekday sleep. Thus, birders may suffer more from the short- and long-term consequences of negative SJL. The results might stand representatively for other nature-related leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Naomi Staller
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznań, Poland
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30
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Saxvig IW, Evanger LN, Pallesen S, Hysing M, Sivertsen B, Gradisar M, Bjorvatn B. Circadian typology and implications for adolescent sleep health. Results from a large, cross-sectional, school-based study. Sleep Med 2021; 83:63-70. [PMID: 33990068 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate circadian typology in a large, representative sample of Norwegian adolescents, and its implications for sleep health. METHODS The sample included 3920 1st year high school students aged 16-17 years. Respondents completed a web-based survey, including the short version of the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and items on sleep-related behaviors (eg electronic media usage in bed, consumption of caffeinated beverages), sleep beliefs and daytime sleepiness. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs and Chi-squared tests. RESULTS In all, 7.8% were categorized as morning, 52.3% as intermediate and 39.9% as evening types, respectively. Evening types had later sleep timing, longer sleep latency, more social jetlag and shorter school day sleep duration than morning types, with intermediate types displaying a sleep pattern between these two extremes. None of the circadian types met the minimum recommended amount of sleep on school nights (ie 8+ hours), and only morning types had a mean sleep duration of 7+ hours (7:19 h, nearly 1 h more than evening types who slept 6:20 h, p < 0.001). Evening types reported more use of electronic media in bed, more consumption of caffeinated beverages and more daytime sleepiness than the other circadian types. They were also less satisfied with their school day sleep duration and perceived it more difficult to change their sleep pattern. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest that eveningness represents a sleep health challenge for older adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Linn Nyjordet Evanger
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, HF, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Michael Gradisar
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
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31
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Duarte LL, Menna-Barreto L. Chronotypes and circadian rhythms in university students. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1903791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro L. Duarte
- Laboratório De Estudos Em Neurociências, Cronobiologia & Sono. Centro De Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo Da Bahia, Santo Antônio De Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - Luiz Menna-Barreto
- Escola De Artes Ciências E Humanidades, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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32
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Sleep habits and circadian preferences in school-aged children attending a Mexican double-shift school system. Sleep Med 2021; 81:116-119. [PMID: 33652226 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the differences between sleep habits and circadian preference in school-aged children attending a Mexican double-shift school system. METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of 400 elementary public-school children (mean age = 10.77, SD = 0.70 y, from fourth, fifth and sixth grades) in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, in northeastern Mexico. Attending a double-shift school system: 200 from the morning shift and 200 in the afternoon shift. Specific questions regarding sleep habits were collected and for circadian preference, the Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) was used. RESULTS Multivariate analysis reported no sex differences. Children attending at the morning shift during weekdays rose earlier, reported shorter time in bed and earlier midpoint of sleep than those in the afternoon shift. On weekends, morning shift children went to bed later than afternoon shift. Morning shift reported greater social jetlag, shorter average sleep length and more sleep deficit than afternoon shift. During weekdays and weekends evening type children went to bed later, rose later and reported later midpoint of sleep. Also, evening type reported more social jetlag than morning types. CONCLUSION This study suggests that early school start times can have a detrimental effect on Mexican children. Moreover, the morning shift children may be at more risk of poor health due to the higher social jetlag, as well as a higher tendency to be sleep deprived. On the other hand, the afternoon shift represents an important social environment that allows children to follow their natural physiological needs and a more optimal sleep health.
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33
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Kolomeichuk SN, Randler C, Morozov AV, Gubin DG, Drake CL. Social Jetlag and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness from a Sample of Russian Children and Adolescents. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:729-737. [PMID: 34113200 PMCID: PMC8187033 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s290895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Insufficient nocturnal sleep is a primary source of excessive daytime sleepiness. Most previous research has focused on the disparity between sleep demands and study start times in adolescents. Fewer studies have focused on elementary schoolchildren. We hypothesize that late sleep timing is connected to excessive daytime sleepiness in a sample of Russian children and adolescents. The major goals of our study were to evaluate excessive daytime sleepiness in Russian schoolchildren and adolescents using the Russian version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and to estimate its relationship with sleep-wake parameters using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Student subjects were from public educational facilities in the Republic of Karelia. They completed both the PDSS and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire to estimate sleep parameters and chronotype (MSFsc). Five hundred and eleven students provided data for the PDSS and sleep-wake variables, and 479 for the full MCTQ data. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in our sample was 18%. The total PDSS score was inversely correlated with sleep length on school nights and was independent of respondents' sex. Higher PDSS scores were associated with later bedtimes on school days and free days, and shorter sleep duration on school days. Late chronotype and more pronounced social jetlag were both positively correlated with high PDSS scores. A negative correlation was found between chronotype and the duration of the sleep period on weekdays (p < 0.001) and a positive correlation was found on weekends (p < 0.001). Longer average sleep duration was positively related to less daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSION This study suggests that excessive daytime sleepiness is chronotype-dependent. School start times could be shifted to a later hour to prolong sleep and reduce EDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Kolomeichuk
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Karelian Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.,Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Christoph Randler
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Artem V Morozov
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology of Animals, Institute of Biology, Karelian Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Denis G Gubin
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia.,Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
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34
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Saxvig IW, Bjorvatn B, Hysing M, Sivertsen B, Gradisar M, Pallesen S. Sleep in older adolescents. Results from a large cross-sectional, population-based study. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13263. [PMID: 33350033 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to describe sleep patterns in a large and representative sample of Norwegian adolescents. The sample included 4,010 first-year high school students, aged 16-17 years (54% female), who completed a web-based survey on sleep patterns. The process of going to sleep was addressed as a two-step sequence of (a) shuteye latency (interval from bedtime to shuteye time) and (b) sleep onset latency (interval from shuteye time to sleep onset). Results showed that 84.8% of the adolescents failed to obtain the recommended amount of sleep (8+ h) on schooldays, and 49.4% obtained less than 7 h. Mean bedtime on schooldays was 10:33 PM, with rise time 8:19 h later (time in bed). The adolescents reported long school-day shuteye latency (43 min), limiting sleep opportunity to 7:36 h. Sleep onset latency was 32 min and mean school-day sleep duration was only 6:43 h. On free days, 26.3% of the adolescents obtained less than 8 h of sleep, and 11.7% obtained less than 7 h. Mean bedtime was 00:33 AM, time in bed was 10:35 h, shuteye latency was 39 min and sleep onset latency was 24 min. Mean free-day sleep duration was 8:38 h. There were sex differences in several sleep parameters, including shuteye latency. The results indicate that the majority of Norwegian adolescents fail to obtain the recommended amount of sleep (8+ h) on schooldays. Long shuteye latency appears to be a main driver for short school-day sleep duration in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael Gradisar
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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35
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Khor SPH, McClure A, Aldridge G, Bei B, Yap MBH. Modifiable parental factors in adolescent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 56:101408. [PMID: 33326915 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are prevalent during adolescence, but parents may be able to support adolescents to sleep better. A systematic search of records from six databases from inception up to November 2019, identified 103 peer-reviewed publications that examined behaviourally and cognitively modifiable parental factors associated with sleep in adolescents aged 12-18 years. Although included studies were largely cross-sectional and heterogeneous, with heavy reliance on self-reported measures, associations with sound, convergent levels of evidence were found for: 1) parental rule-setting for bedtimes and parent sleep behaviours with longer sleep duration in adolescents; 2) healthy parent sleep and family functioning with better adolescent sleep quality; and 3) parental warmth with better adolescent daytime functioning. Effect sizes were in the small to moderate range. The identified parental factors are recommended targets for inclusion in parenting programs to support adolescent sleep, however, would require validation in intervention studies. Opportunities for research are outlined for the identified parental factors, sleep domains with limited evidence, and better understanding the mechanisms or possible moderators in the associations between parental factors and sleep outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P H Khor
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Anne McClure
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Grace Aldridge
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Marie B H Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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36
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Kohyama J. Pupils with negative social jetlag in Japan are hypothesised to constitute a discrete population. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hysing M, Harvey AG, Bøe T, Heradstveit O, Vedaa Ø, Sivertsen B. Trajectories of sleep problems from adolescence to adulthood. Linking two population-based studies from Norway. Sleep Med 2020; 75:411-417. [PMID: 32971382 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to assess stability and predictors of insomnia and sleep duration from adolescence to early adulthood. METHODS A longitudinal sample of 1257 individuals from three age cohorts were assessed from linked population-based studies, the youth@hordaland study from 2012 (age 16-18) and the SHoT2018 study (age 22-25). Identical measures of insomnia symptoms and sleep duration were analysed. RESULTS The stability of insomnia was high from adolescence to young adulthood, 50% of those with insomnia symptoms in adolescence still had insomnia symptoms six years later (adjusted IRR = 2.01; (CI 95%; 1.5-2.44)). Short sleep duration was also stable, with 67.8% of the adolescents in the lowest sleep duration quartile still remaining in the lowest quartile six years later. The overall rate of insomnia symptoms, long wake after sleep onset (WASO), and oversleeping increased from adolescence to young adulthood. Also, we observed a reduction in sleep efficiency and later rise times. There was no significant change in sleep onset latency (SOL). CONCLUSION Insomnia symptoms and short sleep duration are prevalent during both adolescence and young adulthood. Considerable individual stability and a rising rate of insomnia symptoms were observed over time. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and timely interventions to prevent chronic sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Heradstveit
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway; Center for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Voss District Psychiatric Hospital, NKS Bjørkeli, Voss, Norway; Department of Research and Development, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Research & Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
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Fárková E, Novák JM, Manková D, Kopřivová J. Comparison of Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) Czech version. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1591-1598. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1787426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fárková
- Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan M. Novák
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Manková
- Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopřivová
- Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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39
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Senyk O, Jankowski KS, Cholii S. Ukrainian versions of the Composite Scale of Morningness and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1788807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Senyk
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Sofiia Cholii
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
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40
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Sharman R, Illingworth G. Adolescent sleep and school performance — the problem of sleepy teenagers. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Borisenkov MF, Vetosheva VI, Kuznetsova YS, Khodyrev GN, Shikhova AV, Popov SV, Pechеrkina AA, Dorogina OI, Symaniuk EE. Chronotype, social jetlag, and time perspective. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1772-1781. [PMID: 31658823 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1683858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The phase of entrainment (chronotype) is known to be associated with time perspective (TP), suggesting that the state of circadian system is involved in the long-term planning of human life. However, little is known regarding the influence of circadian misalignment on long-term planning ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social jetlag (SJL) and TP. A total of 1064 schoolchildren and university students (mean age ± standard deviation, 19.2 ± 2.9 years; range, 15-25 years; females, 71.7%) from four cities in the Russian Federation located between 56.9 and 61.7 degrees North completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, and Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Study participants also indicated personal data (age, sex, height weight, place of residence, and achievements). A multiple regression analysis with stepwise inclusion of predictors in the model was performed to evaluate associations between time perspective characteristics (dependent variables) and predictor variables. The change in R2 was used as the measure of effect size. Chronotype was found to be a moderate predictor of future TP (B = 0.034; ΔR2 = 0.037). In addition, sleep quality was found to be a moderate predictor of past negative (B = 0.043; ΔR2 = 0.074), present fatalistic (B = 0.021; ΔR2 = 0.035), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.034; ΔR2 = 0.066). Mood seasonality was a moderate predictor of present hedonistic TP (B = 0.016; ΔR2 = 0.038), and social jetlag was a weak predictor of present fatalistic (B = 0.052; ΔR2 = 0.019), future (B = -0.033; ΔR2 = 0.004), and deviation from balanced TP (B = 0.047; ΔR2 = 0.012). In conclusion, this study found a weak but significant association between social jetlag and TP in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Borisenkov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valentina I Vetosheva
- Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Yekaterina S Kuznetsova
- Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Grigoriy N Khodyrev
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Asya V Shikhova
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.,Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Pechеrkina
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga I Dorogina
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elvira E Symaniuk
- Ural Institute of Humanities, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Jankowski KS, Fajkowska M, Domaradzka E, Wytykowska A. Chronotype, social jetlag and sleep loss in relation to sex steroids. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 108:87-93. [PMID: 31238173 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype describes preferences for functioning at different times of the day. At the onset of puberty, a sharp shift towards eveningness starts, reaching its peak at the end of adolescence, followed by a steady shift towards morningness as the ageing process occurs. Puberty is also the time when sex differences appear, with men being more inclined to eveningness than women, which diminishes around menopause; the described pattern of changes in chronotype leads to the hypothesis that reproductive hormones may be the driving factor behind this conversion. In the present study, we aimed to verify this hypothesis by analysing participants' testosterone, progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels in the three months, as indicated by assays in 3-cm hair strands from the scalp. Participants (n = 239) of both sexes also completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. The results showed that in men higher testosterone levels were related to eveningness and less sleep loss, whereas greater sleep loss was associated with lower levels of DHEA. In women, no associations between chronotype and levels of the analysed hormones were found. The results support the hypothesis that testosterone levels play a role in shaping eveningness. We further hypothesised that a possible cause of the higher secretion level of testosterone in men with the evening chronotype is a mechanism to offset the negative consequences of sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad S Jankowski
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki Str. 5/7, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Domaradzka
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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Napping Behaviors and Extracurricular Club Activities in Japanese High School Students: Associations with Daytime Sleep Problems. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:367-384. [PMID: 33089175 PMCID: PMC7445854 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although engaging in evening naps and extracurricular activities are popular among Japanese high school students, the associations between these behaviors and daytime sleep problems were unclear. A questionnaire on daily life and sleeping habits was administered to 1314 high school students, aged between 15–17 years. The respondents were categorized by their after-school napping habits (did not nap, napped 1–2 days/week, napped ≥3 days/week), and their extracurricular activities (no activity, cultural club, athletic club). The mean nocturnal sleep duration on weekdays (± standard deviation (SD)) was 390 ± 56 min. This was significantly shorter in those students with a higher number of days/week spent napping (p < 0.001), and slightly longer for those in the athletic club (p < 0.001). Sleep problems—including subjective insufficient sleep, excessive sleepiness during class ≥3 days/week, and falling asleep during class ≥3 days/week—were reported by 64%, 55%, and 33% of respondents, respectively. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed significantly higher risks for excessive sleepiness among students taking naps ≥3 days/week, and who belonged to athletic clubs. In addition to those factors, students in cultural clubs revealed significantly higher risks for falling asleep during classes. Future studies are required to decrease daytime sleep problems associated with evening naps and extracurricular activities among high school students.
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44
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Henderson SEM, Brady EM, Robertson N. Associations between social jetlag and mental health in young people: A systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1316-1333. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1636813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. M. Henderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Emer M. Brady
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Noelle Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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45
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Clara MI, Allen Gomes A. An epidemiological study of sleep-wake timings in school children from 4 to 11 years old: insights on the sleep phase shift and implications for the school starting times' debate. Sleep Med 2019; 66:51-60. [PMID: 31791001 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been assumed that during adolescence there is a strong shift toward eveningness chronotype, whereas children's sleep is relatively stable. Several studies have focused on the conflict between school start times and adolescents' circadian rhythms; however, fewer studies have been conducted in younger children. The aim of this study was to examine sleep durations, schedules, and sleep phase shift in preschool- and school-aged children. METHODS Data for sleep patterns on school days and free days (ie, days when children's sleep-wake patterns were free from any influence of individual or family activities) was obtained by means of questionnaires (Children ChronoType Questionnaire) for 3155 Portuguese children 4-11 years of age. RESULTS As children grew older and school grade level increases, we found later bedtimes and sleep onsets on both school days and free days; and later wake times only on free days. By contrast, wake times were progressively earlier, imposed by school start times. There was a progressive reduction in the amount of sleep on school nights as grade level increased. Greater social jetlag, later midpoint of sleep, and higher restriction-extension patterns were found across age groups. CONCLUSION The displacement of bed and wake times for later hours on free days starts at an early age. Changing early school start times could adjust social demands to the biological rhythm of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Clara
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Allen Gomes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal; CINEICC - FCT R&D Unit: Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (FPCE-UC), Coimbra, Portugal
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46
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Randler C, Kolomeichuk SN, Morozov AV, Petrashova DA, Pozharskaya VV, Martynova AA, Korostovtseva LS, Bochkarev MV, Sviryaev YV, Polouektov MG, Drake C. Psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Heliyon 2019; 5:e02134. [PMID: 31372567 PMCID: PMC6661285 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep could severely impair both cognitive and learning skills. More prominent changes are found in children and adolescents. Tools used to estimate sleepiness in the adult population are commonly inappropriate for children. The objective of our study was to provide a reliable instrument to measure excessive sleepiness for upcoming studies in Russian-speaking children, applying the Russian version of Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). The following tasks were resolved in our study: translation, validation, and analysis of psychometric properties of the Russian adaptation of the PDSS by standard tests. After the semantic validation of the instrument through a multi-stage translation process we checked its psychometric validation. A total of 552 students, consisting of N = 285 for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), N = 267 for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and N = 204 for test-retest analysis of public elementary schools located in Northern Russia completed the PDSS and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire to estimate sleep parameters in the classroom during the lessons. Response rate was 90%; excluded cases contained no data. Further, 204 of our participants completed the PDSS in a 3 months interval to check the test-retest reliability. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficients and CFA was used to test factorial validity of the tool. Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability were assessed via intra-class coefficient. Internal consistency of the PDSS scale was high (Cronbach's α = 0.8). The construct validity of the PDSS was supported by CFA (factor loadings were from 0.438 to 0.727) and the test-retest reliability demonstrated by the intra-class coefficient was 0.70. The total PDSS score was independent of sex. The mean total value of PDSS was 11.95 ± 6.24. Higher scores on PDSS were negatively correlated with sleep duration. Thus, the construct validity of the instrument remains valid and could be used for Russian-speaking youth samples in the evaluation of daytime sleepiness. It could be useful in future applications by sleep scientists and health practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Randler
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S N Kolomeichuk
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.,Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | - A V Morozov
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology of Animals, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - D A Petrashova
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | - V V Pozharskaya
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | - A A Martynova
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | | | - M V Bochkarev
- Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Y V Sviryaev
- Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - C Drake
- Henry Ford Hospital Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Roenneberg T, Pilz LK, Zerbini G, Winnebeck EC. Chronotype and Social Jetlag: A (Self-) Critical Review. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:E54. [PMID: 31336976 PMCID: PMC6784249 DOI: 10.3390/biology8030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) has now been available for more than 15 years and its original publication has been cited 1240 times (Google Scholar, May 2019). Additionally, its online version, which was available until July 2017, produced almost 300,000 entries from all over the world (MCTQ database). The MCTQ has gone through several versions, has been translated into 13 languages, and has been validated against other more objective measures of daily timing in several independent studies. Besides being used as a method to correlate circadian features of human biology with other factors-ranging from health issues to geographical factors-the MCTQ gave rise to the quantification of old wisdoms, like "teenagers are late", and has produced new concepts, like social jetlag. Some like the MCTQ's simplicity and some view it critically. Therefore, it is time to present a self-critical view on the MCTQ, to address some misunderstandings, and give some definitions of the MCTQ-derived chronotype and the concept of social jetlag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Luísa K Pilz
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Giulia Zerbini
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva C Winnebeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Ferreira ABD, Schaedler T, Mendes JV, Anacleto TS, Louzada FM. Circadian ontogeny through the lens of nonparametric variables of actigraphy. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1184-1189. [PMID: 31272231 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1636814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies focusing on human rhythmicity show that human circadian rhythm suffers constant changes across lifespan. Changes in rest-activity patterns can be studied through nonparametric variables of actigraphy: L5 (an individual's least active 5 h), M10 (an individual's most active 10 h) and RA (relative amplitude of the rest-activity rhythm). The variable RA is the normalized difference between L5 and M10 - the higher the RA, the greater the difference between these two variables. This study used the data bank of the Human Chronobiology Laboratory of Federal University of Paraná (Brazil). It analyzed actimetric data of 93 children between 4 and 11 years of age in their naturalistic context in order to describe the development of nonparametric variables. Correlation between age and L5 was significantly negative (rho = - 0.29, p = 0.004), while correlation between age and RA was significantly positive (rho = 0.31, p = 0.003). The variables M10, sL5 (start of L5) and sM10 (start of M10) did not show significant correlation to age. Furthermore, there were no statistical differences between genders. The population of this study, healthy children, has been poorly assessed by similar literature. Through our results, we have demonstrated that, as children age, L5 significantly decreases, which reflects a smaller fragmentation of circadian rhythm. As an expected consequence, RA significantly increases. In other words, these nonparametric variables of actimetry successfully demonstrate that children tend to reduce nocturnal activity as they age, a phenomenon that reflects the ongoing consolidation of circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais Schaedler
- a Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
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Randler C, Engelke J. Gender differences in chronotype diminish with age: a meta-analysis based on morningness/chronotype questionnaires. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:888-905. [PMID: 31070061 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1585867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronotype is an individual difference trait that is closely linked to biological variables. Usually, men and women differ in their chronotype with men being more evening oriented than women. The aim of the study was to assess gender differences in chronotype based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. In addition, many recent studies do not report gender differences any more although researchers collected data on men and women. This motivated us to contact many researchers directly to obtain and use these additional data. We included 164 studies giving 201 effect size measures in a data set, which only included the most commonly used questionnaires (MEQ, rMEQ and CSM) totaling 186,289 participants in total, of which 75,622 were men and 110,667 were women. We calculated an effect size of the standardized mean difference of -0.072 (95% CI from -0.062 to -0.082) in the fixed effects and of -0.066 (95% CI from -0.043 to- 0.089) in the random effects model. Men were on average more evening oriented than women. Type of questionnaire did not influence the standardized mean difference in chronotype between genders. Mean age, standard deviation of age and publication year (p ≤ 0.05) were found to have significant effects on the standardized mean difference in chronotype between genders. The standardized mean difference in chronotype between genders is predicted to change from negative to positive with increasing mean age (young women were more morning orientated than young men, but older women were less morning orientated than older men). This suggests that the differences between men and women diminish with time. The standardized mean difference in chronotype between genders is decreasing with increasing publication year, as well as with high variation in age of the samples. Abbreviations: CSM: Composite Scale of Morningness (Smith et al. 1989); MEQ: Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Horne and Ostberg, 1976); rMEQ: reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Adan & Almiral, 1991); SMD: standardized mean difference (measure of effect size).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Judith Engelke
- a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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Weidenauer C, Täuber L, Huber S, Rimkus K, Randler C. Measuring circadian preference in adolescence with the Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1600268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Weidenauer
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lara Täuber
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Huber
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kim Rimkus
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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