1
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Gumina JM, Richardson AE, Shojiv MH, Chambers AE, Sandwith SN, Reisinger MA, Karns TJ, Osborne TL, Alashi HN, Anderson QT, Sharlow ME, Seiler DC, Rogers EM, Bartosik AR, Smaldino MA, Vaughn JP, Wang YH, Smaldino PJ, Haney RA. Differential Gene Expression following DHX36/ G4R1 Knockout Is Associated with G-Quadruplex Content and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1753. [PMID: 38339029 PMCID: PMC10855491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are secondary DNA and RNA structures stabilized by positive cations in a central channel formed by stacked tetrads of Hoogsteen base-paired guanines. G4s form from G-rich sequences across the genome, whose biased distribution in regulatory regions points towards a gene-regulatory role. G4s can themselves be regulated by helicases, such as DHX36 (aliases: G4R1 and RHAU), which possess the necessary activity to resolve these stable structures. G4s have been shown to both positively and negatively regulate gene expression when stabilized by ligands, or through the loss of helicase activity. Using DHX36 knockout Jurkat cell lines, we identified widespread, although often subtle, effects on gene expression that are associated with the presence or number of observed G-quadruplexes in promoters or gene regions. Genes that significantly change their expression, particularly those that show a significant increase in RNA abundance under DHX36 knockout, are associated with a range of cellular functions and processes, including numerous transcription factors and oncogenes, and are linked to several cancers. Our work highlights the direct and indirect role of DHX36 in the transcriptome of T-lymphocyte leukemia cells and the potential for DHX36 dysregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Gumina
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Taylor J. Karns
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Tyler L. Osborne
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Hasna N. Alashi
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | | | | | - Dylan C. Seiler
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Evan M. Rogers
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
| | - Anna R. Bartosik
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Haney
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
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2
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Sugawara E, Shibata Y, Katsumata K. Werner syndrome associated with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and systemic sclerosis-like skin manifestations: A case report. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023; 8:95-100. [PMID: 37417454 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by premature ageing. WS patients often experience scleroderma-like manifestation including skin sclerosis and skin ulcer, making it difficult to differentiate WS from systemic sclerosis (SSc). Moreover, there is a high incidence of malignancy and arteriosclerosis-related disease in WS patients. We herein describe a 36-year-old woman with WS who had poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, one of the rare phenotypes of thyroid tumour. This case suggested the importance to distinguish WS from SSc and early diagnosis of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Sugawara
- Department of Rheumatology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Shibata
- Department of Rheumatology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Qin X, Wang J, Wang X, Huang T, Fang Z, Yan L, Fan Y, Xu D. Widespread genomic/molecular alterations of DNA helicases and their clinical/therapeutic implications across human cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114193. [PMID: 36586240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA helicases are essential to genomic stability by regulating DNA metabolisms and their loss-of-function mutations lead to genomic instability and predisposition to cancer. Paradoxically, overexpression of DNA helicases is observed in several cancers. Here we analyzed genomic and molecular alterations in 12 important DNA helicases in TCGA pan-cancers to provide an overview of their aberrations. Significant expression heterogeneity of 12 DNA helicases was observed. We calculated DNA helicase score (DHS) based on their expression, and categorized tumors into high, low and intermediate subtypes. High DHS subtypes were robustly associated with stemness, proliferation, hyperactivated oncogenic signaling, longer telomeres, total mutation burden, copy number alterations (CNAs) and shorter survival. Importantly, tumors with high DHSs exhibited stronger expression of alternative end-join (alt-EJ) factors, indicative of sensitivity to chemo- and radio-therapies. High DHSs were also associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), BRCA1/2 mutations and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Moreover, several drugs are identified to inhibit DNA helicases, with the Auror A kinase inhibitor Danusertib as the strongest candidate that was confirmed experimentally. The aberrant expression of DNA helicases was associated with CNAs, DNA methylation and m6A regulators. Our findings thus reveal widespread dysregulation of DNA helicases and their broad connection with featured oncogenic aberrations across human cancers. The close association of DHS with the alt-EJ pathway and HRD, and identification of Danusertib as a putative DNA helicase inhibitor have translational significance. Taken together, these findings will contribute to DNA helicase-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qin
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Urologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhiqing Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Dawei Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Bioclinicum and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden.
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4
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Burns JS. The Evolving Landscape of Potency Assays. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:165-189. [PMID: 37258790 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a "goldilocks" aspect to potency assays. On the one hand, a comprehensive evaluation of the cell product with detailed quantitative measurement of the critical quality attribute/s of the desired biological activity is required. On the other hand, the potency assay benefits from simplification and lean approaches that avoid unnecessary complication and enhance robustness, to provide a reproducible and scalable product. There is a need to balance insightful knowledge of complex biological healing processes with straightforward manufacture of an advanced therapeutic medicinal product (ATMP) that can be administered in a trustworthy cost-effective manner. While earlier chapters within this book have highlighted numerous challenges facing the potency assay conundrum, this chapter offers a forward-looking perspective regarding the many recent advances concerning acellular products, cryopreservation, induced MSC, cell priming, nanotechnology, 3D culture, regulatory guidelines and evolving institutional roles, that are likely to facilitate potency assay development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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5
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Sezer A, Kayhan G, Gursoy TR, Eyuboglu TS, Percin FE. A homozygous missense variant in the WRN gene segregating in a family with progressive pulmonary failure with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax and interstitial lung disease. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:220-227. [PMID: 36214313 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a condition affecting the lung parenchyma by inflammation and fibrosis and can be caused by various exposures, connective tissue diseases (CTD), and genetic disorders. In this report, a family with five patients having progressive respiratory failure that begins with coughing in adolescence, followed by dyspnea and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, and death in early adulthood is presented. The patients were diagnosed to have ILD through clinical and radiological evaluations. Molecular genetic analyses of the family provided two homozygous rare variants in the WRN and SFXN5 genes, co-segregating with the phenotype. The network analyses pointed out that the variant in the WRN, rather than that in the SFXN5 gene, could be the main factor in the existence of the ILD phenotype, putatively through the altered DNA repair and telomere maintenance pathways. In silico analyses suggested that the variant could affect the exonuclease activity or the stability of the WRN protein. Moreover, the adolescent-onset pulmonary phenotype described in the case has not been reported in Werner Syndrome, the only disease known to be associated with biallelic WRN pathogenic variants. Thus, the present phenotype could be either a very atypical presentation of Werner syndrome or a new clinical entity associated with the WRN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Sezer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Kayhan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Ramasli Gursoy
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ferda E Percin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Sugawara S, Okada R, Loo TM, Tanaka H, Miyata K, Chiba M, Kawasaki H, Katoh K, Kaji S, Maezawa Y, Yokote K, Nakayama M, Oshima M, Nagao K, Obuse C, Nagayama S, Takubo K, Nakanishi A, Kanemaki MT, Hara E, Takahashi A. RNaseH2A downregulation drives inflammatory gene expression via genomic DNA fragmentation in senescent and cancer cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1420. [PMID: 36577784 PMCID: PMC9797495 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence caused by oncogenic stimuli is associated with the development of various age-related pathologies through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP is mediated by the activation of cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensors. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of nucleotide ligands in senescent cells is unclear. In this study, we revealed that the expression of RNaseH2A, which removes ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs) from the genome, is regulated by E2F transcription factors, and it decreases during cellular senescence. Residual rNMPs cause genomic DNA fragmentation and aberrant activation of cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensors, thereby provoking subsequent SASP factor gene expression in senescent cells. In addition, RNaseH2A expression was significantly decreased in aged mouse tissues and cells from individuals with Werner syndrome. Furthermore, RNaseH2A degradation using the auxin-inducible degron system induced the accumulation of nucleotide ligands and induction of certain tumourigenic SASP-like factors, promoting the metastatic properties of colorectal cancer cells. Our results indicate that RNaseH2A downregulation provokes SASP through nucleotide ligand accumulation, which likely contributes to the pathological features of senescent, progeroid, and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sugawara
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Ryo Okada
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan ,grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Tze Mun Loo
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Hisamichi Tanaka
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Kenichi Miyata
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Masatomo Chiba
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Hiroko Kawasaki
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550 Japan
| | - Kaoru Katoh
- grid.208504.b0000 0001 2230 7538Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560 Japan
| | - Shizuo Kaji
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 260-0856 Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, 260-0856 Japan
| | - Mizuho Nakayama
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Japan
| | - Koji Nagao
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Graduated School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Chikashi Obuse
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Graduated School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 135-8550 Tokyo, Japan ,Department of Surgery, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Kyoto, 611-0041 Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Akira Nakanishi
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Masato T. Kanemaki
- grid.288127.60000 0004 0466 9350Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XDepartment of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540 Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan. .,Advanced Research & Development Programs for Medical Innovation (PRIME), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 104-0004, Japan. .,Cancer Cell Communication Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
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7
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Al-Azab M, Safi M, Idiiatullina E, Al-Shaebi F, Zaky MY. Aging of mesenchymal stem cell: machinery, markers, and strategies of fighting. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:69. [PMID: 35986247 PMCID: PMC9388978 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primary multipotent cells capable of differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes when stimulated under appropriate conditions. The role of MSCs in tissue homeostasis, aging-related diseases, and cellular therapy is clinically suggested. As aging is a universal problem that has large socioeconomic effects, an improved understanding of the concepts of aging can direct public policies that reduce its adverse impacts on the healthcare system and humanity. Several studies of aging have been carried out over several years to understand the phenomenon and different factors affecting human aging. A reduced ability of adult stem cell populations to reproduce and regenerate is one of the main contributors to the human aging process. In this context, MSCs senescence is a major challenge in front of cellular therapy advancement. Many factors, ranging from genetic and metabolic pathways to extrinsic factors through various cellular signaling pathways, are involved in regulating the mechanism of MSC senescence. To better understand and reverse cellular senescence, this review highlights the underlying mechanisms and signs of MSC cellular senescence, and discusses the strategies to combat aging and cellular senescence.
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8
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Araújo-Vilar D, Fernández-Pombo A, Cobelo-Gómez S, Castro AI, Sánchez-Iglesias S. Lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndromes. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:555-571. [PMID: 35835948 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With the exception of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, lipodystrophy syndromes are rare conditions characterized by a lack of adipose tissue, which is not generally recovered. As a consequence, an ectopic deposition of lipids frequently occurs, which usually leads to insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. These disorders include certain accelerated aging syndromes or progeroid syndromes. Even though each of them has unique clinical features, most show common clinical characteristics that affect growth, skin and appendages, adipose tissue, muscle, and bone and, in some of them, life expectancy is reduced. Although the molecular bases of these Mendelian disorders are very diverse and not well known, genomic instability is frequent as a consequence of impairment of nuclear organization, chromatin structure, and DNA repair, as well as epigenetic dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, the main clinical features of the lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndromes will be described along with their causes and pathogenic mechanisms, and an attempt will be made to identify which of López-Otín's hallmarks of aging are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Cobelo-Gómez
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine (Medicine Area), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS)-IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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9
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Mkrtchyan GV, Veviorskiy A, Izumchenko E, Shneyderman A, Pun FW, Ozerov IV, Aliper A, Zhavoronkov A, Scheibye-Knudsen M. High-confidence cancer patient stratification through multiomics investigation of DNA repair disorders. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:999. [PMID: 36435816 PMCID: PMC9701218 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cancer types have limited targeted therapeutic options, in part due to incomplete understanding of the molecular processes underlying tumorigenesis and significant intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Identification of novel molecular biomarkers stratifying cancer patients with different survival outcomes may provide new opportunities for target discovery and subsequent development of tailored therapies. Here, we applied the artificial intelligence-driven PandaOmics platform ( https://pandaomics.com/ ) to explore gene expression changes in rare DNA repair-deficient disorders and identify novel cancer targets. Our analysis revealed that CEP135, a scaffolding protein associated with early centriole biogenesis, is commonly downregulated in DNA repair diseases with high cancer predisposition. Further screening of survival data in 33 cancers available at TCGA database identified sarcoma as a cancer type where lower survival was significantly associated with high CEP135 expression. Stratification of cancer patients based on CEP135 expression enabled us to examine therapeutic targets that could be used for the improvement of existing therapies against sarcoma. The latter was based on application of the PandaOmics target-ID algorithm coupled with in vitro studies that revealed polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a potential therapeutic candidate in sarcoma patients with high CEP135 levels and poor survival. While further target validation is required, this study demonstrated the potential of in silico-based studies for a rapid biomarker discovery and target characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garik V. Mkrtchyan
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCenter for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCenter for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Research on Werner Syndrome: Trends from Past to Present and Future Prospects. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101802. [PMID: 36292687 PMCID: PMC9601476 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare and autosomal recessive premature aging disorder, Werner syndrome (WS) is characterized by the early onset of aging-associated diseases, including shortening stature, alopecia, bilateral cataracts, skin ulcers, diabetes, osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, and chromosomal instability, as well as cancer predisposition. WRN, the gene responsible for WS, encodes DNA helicase with a 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity, and numerous studies have revealed that WRN helicase is involved in the maintenance of chromosome stability through actions in DNA, e.g., DNA replication, repair, recombination, and epigenetic regulation via interaction with DNA repair factors, telomere-binding proteins, histone modification enzymes, and other DNA metabolic factors. However, although these efforts have elucidated the cellular functions of the helicase in cell lines, they have not been linked to the treatment of the disease. Life expectancy has improved for WS patients over the past three decades, and it is hoped that a fundamental treatment for the disease will be developed. Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been established, and these are expected to be used in drug discovery and regenerative medicine for WS patients. In this article, we review trends in research to date and present some perspectives on WS research with regard to the application of pluripotent stem cells. Furthermore, the elucidation of disease mechanisms and drug discovery utilizing the vast amount of scientific data accumulated to date will be discussed.
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11
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Becklin KL, Draper GM, Madden RA, Kluesner MG, Koga T, Huang M, Weiss WA, Spector LG, Largaespada DA, Moriarity BS, Webber BR. Developing Bottom-Up Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Solid Tumor Models Using Precision Genome Editing Technologies. CRISPR J 2022; 5:517-535. [PMID: 35972367 PMCID: PMC9529369 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome and tissue engineering have spurred significant progress and opportunity for innovation in cancer modeling. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an established and powerful tool to study cellular processes in the context of disease-specific genetic backgrounds; however, their application to cancer has been limited by the resistance of many transformed cells to undergo successful reprogramming. Here, we review the status of human iPSC modeling of solid tumors in the context of genetic engineering, including how base and prime editing can be incorporated into "bottom-up" cancer modeling, a term we coined for iPSC-based cancer models using genetic engineering to induce transformation. This approach circumvents the need to reprogram cancer cells while allowing for dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying transformation, progression, and metastasis with a high degree of precision and control. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of respective engineering approaches and outline experimental considerations for establishing future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie L. Becklin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Garrett M. Draper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Madden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchell G. Kluesner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, La Jolla, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miller Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William A. Weiss
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; and Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Beau R. Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Jin Y, Li F, Sonoustoun B, Kondru NC, Martens YA, Qiao W, Heckman MG, Ikezu TC, Li Z, Burgess JD, Amerna D, O’Leary J, DeTure MA, Zhao J, McLean PJ, Dickson DW, Ross OA, Bu G, Zhao N. APOE4 exacerbates α-synuclein seeding activity and contributes to neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease with Lewy body pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:641-662. [PMID: 35471463 PMCID: PMC9107450 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Approximately half of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains have concomitant Lewy pathology at autopsy, suggesting that α-synuclein (α-SYN) aggregation is a regulated event in the pathogenesis of AD. Genome-wide association studies revealed that the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE4) gene, the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, is also the most replicated genetic risk factor for Lewy body dementia (LBD), signifying an important role of APOE4 in both amyloid-β (Aβ) and α-SYN pathogenesis. How APOE4 modulates α-SYN aggregation in AD is unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine how α-SYN is associated with AD-related pathology and how APOE4 impacts α-SYN seeding and toxicity. We measured α-SYN levels and their association with other established AD-related markers in brain samples from autopsy-confirmed AD patients (N = 469), where 54% had concomitant LB pathology (AD + LB). We found significant correlations between the levels of α-SYN and those of Aβ40, Aβ42, tau and APOE, particularly in insoluble fractions of AD + LB. Using a real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay, we measured the seeding activity of soluble α-SYN and found that α-SYN seeding was exacerbated by APOE4 in the AD cohort, as well as a small cohort of autopsy-confirmed LBD brains with minimal Alzheimer type pathology. We further fractionated the soluble AD brain lysates by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) ran on fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and identified the α-SYN species (~ 96 kDa) that showed the strongest seeding activity. Finally, using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons, we showed that amplified α-SYN aggregates from AD + LB brain of patients with APOE4 were highly toxic to neurons, whereas the same amount of α-SYN monomer was not toxic. Our findings suggest that the presence of LB pathology correlates with AD-related pathologies and that APOE4 exacerbates α-SYN seeding activity and neurotoxicity, providing mechanistic insight into how APOE4 affects α-SYN pathogenesis in AD.
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13
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Weng Z, Wang Y, Ouchi T, Liu H, Qiao X, Wu C, Zhao Z, Li L, Li B. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:356-371. [PMID: 35485439 PMCID: PMC9052415 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Corresponding author: Bo Li, DDS, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd. Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China.
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14
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Gudmundsrud R, Skjånes TH, Gilmour BC, Caponio D, Lautrup S, Fang EF. Crosstalk among DNA Damage, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Impaired Mitophagy, Stem Cell Attrition, and Senescence in the Accelerated Ageing Disorder Werner Syndrome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:297-304. [PMID: 34433164 DOI: 10.1159/000516386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an accelerated ageing disease caused by multiple mutations in the gene encoding the Werner DNA helicase (WRN). The major clinical features of WS include wrinkles, grey hair, osteoporosis, and metabolic phenomena such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and fatty liver, and resemble those seen in normal ageing, but occur earlier, in middle age. Defective DNA repair resulting from mutations in WRN explain the majority of the clinical features of WS, but the underlying mechanisms driving the larger metabolic dysfunction remain elusive. Recent studies in animal models of WS and in WS patient cells and blood samples suggest the involvement of impaired mitophagy, NAD+ depletion, and accumulation of damaged mitochondria in metabolic dysfunction. This mini-review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in WS, with the involvement of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy reduction, stem cell impairment, and senescence. Future studies on NAD+ and mitophagy may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies for the WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gudmundsrud
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tarjei H Skjånes
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Brian C Gilmour
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
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15
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Zhu L, Liu Y, Wu X, Ren Y, Zhang Q, Ren L, Guo Y. Cerebroprotein hydrolysate-I protects senescence-induced by D-galactose in PC12 cells and mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3722-3731. [PMID: 34262731 PMCID: PMC8269606 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebroprotein hydrolysate-I (CH-I),a mixture of peptides extracted from porcine brain tissue,has shown a neuroprotective effect, but its role in brain senescence is unclear. In the present study, we established a senescence model of PC12 cells and mice to investigate the effect of CH-I on brain senescence via JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The results showed that CH-I could improve cell viability, inhibit the apoptosis of cells, and reduce the senescence-positive cells induced by D-galactose. In vivo, CH-I improved the learning ability and memory of aging mice, reduced neuronal damage in mice hippocampus. Mechanism studies showed that CH-I could adjust BDNF protein expressions, activate JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and finally enhance telomerase activity. All these findings indicated that CH-I showed a neuroprotective effect against brain senescence. These results might provide further reference and support for the application of CH-I in delaying aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yingjuan Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yuqian Ren
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of NeurologyShandong Second Provincial General HospitalJinanChina
| | - Leiming Ren
- Institute of Chinese Integrative MedicineHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular DiseasesTaishan Scholars Construction Project Excellent Innovative Team of Shandong ProvinceMedical Research CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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16
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Larocca D, Lee J, West MD, Labat I, Sternberg H. No Time to Age: Uncoupling Aging from Chronological Time. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:611. [PMID: 33919082 PMCID: PMC8143125 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular life evolved from simple unicellular organisms that could replicate indefinitely, being essentially ageless. At this point, life split into two fundamentally different cell types: the immortal germline representing an unbroken lineage of cell division with no intrinsic endpoint and the mortal soma, which ages and dies. In this review, we describe the germline as clock-free and the soma as clock-bound and discuss aging with respect to three DNA-based cellular clocks (telomeric, DNA methylation, and transposable element). The ticking of these clocks corresponds to the stepwise progressive limitation of growth and regeneration of somatic cells that we term somatic restriction. Somatic restriction acts in opposition to strategies that ensure continued germline replication and regeneration. We thus consider the plasticity of aging as a process not fixed to the pace of chronological time but one that can speed up or slow down depending on the rate of intrinsic cellular clocks. We further describe how germline factor reprogramming might be used to slow the rate of aging and potentially reverse it by causing the clocks to tick backward. Therefore, reprogramming may eventually lead to therapeutic strategies to treat degenerative diseases by altering aging itself, the one condition common to us all.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jieun Lee
- AgeX Therapeutics Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.L.); (M.D.W.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael D. West
- AgeX Therapeutics Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.L.); (M.D.W.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Ivan Labat
- AgeX Therapeutics Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.L.); (M.D.W.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Hal Sternberg
- AgeX Therapeutics Inc., Alameda, CA 94501, USA; (J.L.); (M.D.W.); (I.L.); (H.S.)
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17
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Alle Q, Le Borgne E, Milhavet O, Lemaitre JM. Reprogramming: Emerging Strategies to Rejuvenate Aging Cells and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3990. [PMID: 33924362 PMCID: PMC8070588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive and functional decline of all tissues and a striking increase in many "age-related diseases". Although aging has long been considered an inevitable process, strategies to delay and potentially even reverse the aging process have recently been developed. Here, we review emerging rejuvenation strategies that are based on reprogramming toward pluripotency. Some of these approaches may eventually lead to medical applications to improve healthspan and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Alle
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Q.A.); (E.L.B.)
| | - Enora Le Borgne
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Q.A.); (E.L.B.)
| | - Ollivier Milhavet
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Q.A.); (E.L.B.)
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18
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Abstract
Significance: Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive malady typified by a pro-oxidant/proinflammatory status, genetic instability, and by the early onset of numerous age-associated illnesses. The protein malfunctioning in WS individuals (WRN) is a helicase/exonuclease implicated in transcription, DNA replication/repair, and telomere maintenance. Recent Advances: In the last two decades, a series of important biological systems were created to comprehend at the molecular level the effect of a defective WRN protein. Such biological tools include mouse and worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) with a mutation in the Wrn helicase ortholog as well as human WS-induced pluripotent stem cells that can ultimately be differentiated into most cell lineages. Such WS models have identified anomalies related to the hallmarks of aging. Most importantly, vitamin C counteracts these age-related cellular phenotypes in these systems. Critical Issues: Vitamin C is the only antioxidant agent capable of reversing the cellular aging-related phenotypes in those biological systems. Since vitamin C is a cofactor for many hydroxylases and mono- or dioxygenase, it adds another level of complexity in deciphering the exact molecular pathways affected by this vitamin. Moreover, it is still unclear whether a short- or long-term vitamin C supplementation in human WS patients who already display aging-related phenotypes will have a beneficial impact. Future Directions: The discovery of new molecular markers specific to the modified biological pathways in WS that can be used for novel imaging techniques or as blood markers will be necessary to assess the favorable effect of vitamin C supplementation in WS. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 856-874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aumailley
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Lebel
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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19
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Carlone DL, Riba-Wolman RD, Deary LT, Tovaglieri A, Jiang L, Ambruzs DM, Mead BE, Shah MS, Lengner CJ, Jaenisch R, Breault DT. Telomerase expression marks transitional growth-associated skeletal progenitor/stem cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:296-305. [PMID: 33438789 PMCID: PMC7986156 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal progenitor/stem cells (SSCs) play a critical role in postnatal bone growth and maintenance. Telomerase (Tert) activity prevents cellular senescence and is required for maintenance of stem cells in self‐renewing tissues. Here we investigated the role of mTert‐expressing cells in postnatal mouse long bone and found that mTert expression is enriched at the time of adolescent bone growth. mTert‐GFP+ cells were identified in regions known to house SSCs, including the metaphyseal stroma, growth plate, and the bone marrow. We also show that mTert‐expressing cells are a distinct SSC population with enriched colony‐forming capacity and contribute to multiple mesenchymal lineages, in vitro. In contrast, in vivo lineage‐tracing studies identified mTert+ cells as osteochondral progenitors and contribute to the bone‐forming cell pool during endochondral bone growth with a subset persisting into adulthood. Taken together, our results show that mTert expression is temporally regulated and marks SSCs during a discrete phase of transitional growth between rapid bone growth and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Carlone
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca D Riba-Wolman
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luke T Deary
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessio Tovaglieri
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dana M Ambruzs
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin E Mead
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manasvi S Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David T Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Yamamoto R, Akasaki K, Horita M, Yonezawa M, Asakura H, Kanamori T, Maezawa Y, Koshizaka M, Yokote K, Kurita S. Evaluation of glucose tolerance and effect of dietary management on increased visceral fat in a patient with Werner syndrome. Endocr J 2020; 67:1239-1246. [PMID: 32814719 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS), a type of progeria, is a hereditary condition caused by a mutation in the WRN gene. A 62-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with WS at the age of 32 and has been visiting the hospital for follow-up since the last 30 years. The patient developed diabetes at the age of 46, and at the age of 60, her body mass index increased from 20.1 to 22.7 kg/m2 owing to her unhealthy eating habits; her visceral fat area at the age of 61 was 233 cm2. With dietary control, her body weight, including the visceral fat and subcutaneous fat, decreased at the age of 62, and her insulin secretion, obesity, and fatty liver improved. We conducted the oral glucose challenge test four times, including at the prediabetic stage, to evaluate the insulin-secretion ability. The patient's insulin resistance gradually increased for more than 14 years, and her insulin secretion ability began to decrease 14 years after her diabetes diagnosis. Despite a remarkable decrease in body weight and fat mass with dietary management, the psoas muscle index did not decrease significantly in proportion to the body weight or fat mass. However, muscle mass monitoring is important for preventing the progression of sarcopenia. Hence, gradual reduction of visceral fat and weight by dietary management may be useful in treating diabetes in patients with WS, particularly in those whose visceral fat is significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Yamamoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Ishikawa 920-8650, Japan
| | - Kyota Akasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Ishikawa 920-8650, Japan
| | - Masataka Horita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Ishikawa 920-8650, Japan
| | - Makoto Yonezawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Ishikawa 920-8650, Japan
| | - Hiroki Asakura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Ishikawa 920-8650, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kanamori
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Ishikawa 920-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kurita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Ishikawa 920-8650, Japan
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21
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Cypris O, Eipel M, Franzen J, Rösseler C, Tharmapalan V, Kuo CC, Vieri M, Nikolić M, Kirschner M, Brümmendorf TH, Zenke M, Lampert A, Beier F, Wagner W. PRDM8 reveals aberrant DNA methylation in aging syndromes and is relevant for hematopoietic and neuronal differentiation. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:125. [PMID: 32819411 PMCID: PMC7439574 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) and idiopathic aplastic anemia (AA) are bone marrow failure syndromes that share characteristics of premature aging with severe telomere attrition. Aging is also reflected by DNA methylation changes, which can be utilized to predict donor age. There is evidence that such epigenetic age predictions are accelerated in premature aging syndromes, but it is yet unclear how this is related to telomere length. DNA methylation analysis may support diagnosis of DKC and AA, which still remains a challenge for these rare diseases. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed blood samples of 70 AA and 18 DKC patients to demonstrate that their epigenetic age predictions are overall increased, albeit not directly correlated with telomere length. Aberrant DNA methylation was observed in the gene PRDM8 in DKC and AA as well as in other diseases with premature aging phenotype, such as Down syndrome and Hutchinson-Gilford-Progeria syndrome. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns were particularly found within subsets of cell populations in DKC and AA samples as measured with barcoded bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BBA-seq). To gain insight into the functional relevance of PRDM8, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with heterozygous and homozygous knockout. Loss of PRDM8 impaired hematopoietic and neuronal differentiation of iPSCs, even in the heterozygous knockout clone, but it did not impact on epigenetic age. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrate that epigenetic aging is accelerated in DKC and AA, independent from telomere attrition. Furthermore, aberrant DNA methylation in PRDM8 provides another biomarker for bone marrow failure syndromes and modulation of this gene in cellular subsets may be related to the hematopoietic and neuronal phenotypes observed in premature aging syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Cypris
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Eipel
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Franzen
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corinna Rösseler
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vithurithra Tharmapalan
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen, Germany
| | - Margherita Vieri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miloš Nikolić
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Kirschner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering – Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering – Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
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22
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Adewoye AB, Tampakis D, Follenzi A, Stolzing A. Multiparameter flow cytometric detection and quantification of senescent cells in vitro. Biogerontology 2020; 21:773-786. [PMID: 32776262 PMCID: PMC7541365 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been over half a century since cellular senescence was first noted and characterized, and yet no consensus senescent marker has been reliably established. This challenge is compounded by the complexity and heterogenic phenotypes of senescent cells. This necessitates the use of multiple biomarkers to confidently characterise senescent cells. Despite cytochemical staining of senescence associated-beta-galactosidase being a single marker approach, as well as being time and labour-intensive, it remains the most popular detection method. We have developed an alternative flow cytometry-based method that simultaneously quantifies multiple senescence markers at a single-cell resolution. In this study, we applied this assay to the quantification of both replicative and induced senescent primary cells. Using this assay, we were able to quantify the activity level of SA β-galactosidase, the expression level of p16INK4a and γH2AX in these cell populations. Our results show this flow cytometric approach to be sensitive, robust, and consistent in discriminating senescent cells in different cell senescence models. A strong positive correlation between these commonly- used senescence markers was demonstrated. The method described in this paper can easily be scaled up to accommodate high-throughput screening of senescent cells in applications such as therapeutic cell preparation, and in therapy-induced senescence following cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Badi Adewoye
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Dimitris Tampakis
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro,", 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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23
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Mohamad Kamal NS, Safuan S, Shamsuddin S, Foroozandeh P. Aging of the cells: Insight into cellular senescence and detection Methods. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151108. [PMID: 32800277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular theory of aging states that human aging is the result of cellular aging, in which an increasing proportion of cells reach senescence. Senescence, from the Latin word senex, means "growing old," is an irreversible growth arrest which occurs in response to damaging stimuli, such as DNA damage, telomere shortening, telomere dysfunction and oncogenic stress leading to suppression of potentially dysfunctional, transformed, or aged cells. Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest, flattened and enlarged morphology, resistance to apoptosis, alteration in gene expression and chromatin structure, expression of senescence associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and acquisition of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review paper, different types of cellular senescence including replicative senescence (RS) which occurs due to telomere shortening and stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) which occurs in response to different types of stress in cells, are discussed. Biomarkers of cellular senescence and senescent assays including BrdU incorporation assay, senescence associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci assays to detect senescent cells are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Shaheera Mohamad Kamal
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Foroozandeh
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.
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24
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Goh KJ, Chen JH, Rocha N, Semple RK. Human pluripotent stem cell-based models suggest preadipocyte senescence as a possible cause of metabolic complications of Werner and Bloom Syndromes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7490. [PMID: 32367056 PMCID: PMC7198505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner Syndrome (WS) and Bloom Syndrome (BS) are disorders of DNA damage repair caused by biallelic disruption of the WRN or BLM DNA helicases respectively. Both are commonly associated with insulin resistant diabetes, usually accompanied by dyslipidemia and fatty liver, as seen in lipodystrophies. In keeping with this, progressive reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue is commonly observed. To interrogate the underlying cause of adipose tissue dysfunction in these syndromes, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to generate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lacking either functional WRN or BLM helicase. No deleterious effects were observed in WRN−/− or BLM−/− embryonic stem cells, however upon their differentiation into adipocyte precursors (AP), premature senescence emerged, impairing later stages of adipogenesis. The resulting adipocytes were also found to be senescent, with increased levels of senescent markers and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components. SASP components initiate and reinforce senescence in adjacent cells, which is likely to create a positive feedback loop of cellular senescence within the adipocyte precursor compartment, as demonstrated in normal ageing. Such a scenario could progressively attenuate adipose mass and function, giving rise to “lipodystrophy-like” insulin resistance. Further assessment of pharmacological senolytic strategies are warranted to mitigate this component of Werner and Bloom syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jee Goh
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuno Rocha
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK. .,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK. .,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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25
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Tu J, Wan C, Zhang F, Cao L, Law PWN, Tian Y, Lu G, Rennert OM, Chan W, Cheung H. Genetic correction of Werner syndrome gene reveals impaired pro-angiogenic function and HGF insufficiency in mesenchymal stem cells. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13116. [PMID: 32320127 PMCID: PMC7253065 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
WRN mutation causes a premature aging disease called Werner syndrome (WS). However, the mechanism by which WRN loss leads to progeroid features evident with impaired tissue repair and regeneration remains unclear. To determine this mechanism, we performed gene editing in reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from WS fibroblasts. Gene correction restored the expression of WRN. WRN+/+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited improved pro‐angiogenesis. An analysis of paracrine factors revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was downregulated in WRN−/− MSCs. HGF insufficiency resulted in poor angiogenesis and cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, HGF was partially regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling, which was desensitized in WRN−/− MSCs. Consistently, the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway in WRN+/+ MSC resulted in reduced angiogenesis and poor wound healing. Our findings indicate that the impairment in the pro‐angiogenic function of WS‐MSCs is due to HGF insufficiency and PI3K/AKT dysregulation, suggesting trophic disruption between stromal and epithelial cells as a mechanism for WS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Key Laboratory of Anti‐Inflammatory and Immune Medicine Ministry of Education Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti‐Inflammatory and Immune Medicine Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chao Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Fengjie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lianbao Cao
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Patrick Wai Nok Law
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yuyao Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Owen M. Rennert
- Division of Intramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Wai‐Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hoi‐Hung Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- CUHK‐SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciences the Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of Education School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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26
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE. Neurogenesis and brain aging. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:573-580. [PMID: 30763272 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human aging affects the entire organism, but aging of the brain must undoubtedly be different from that of all other organs, as neurons are highly differentiated postmitotic cells, for the majority of which the lifespan in the postnatal period is equal to the lifespan of the entire organism. In this work, we examine the distinctive features of brain aging and neurogenesis during normal aging, pathological aging (Alzheimer's disease), and accelerated aging (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and Werner syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay K Isaev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, N.A. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia
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27
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Manzano-López J, Monje-Casas F. Asymmetric cell division and replicative aging: a new perspective from the spindle poles. Curr Genet 2020; 66:719-727. [PMID: 32266430 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although cell division is usually portrayed as an equitable process by which a progenitor cell originates two identical daughter cells, there are multiple examples of asymmetric divisions that generate two cells that differ in their content, morphology and/or proliferative potential. The capacity of the cells to generate asymmetry during their division is of paramount biological relevance, playing essential roles during embryonic development, cellular regeneration and tissue morphogenesis. Problems with the proper establishment of asymmetry and polarity during cell division can give rise to cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as to also accelerate cellular aging. Interestingly, the microtubule organizing centers that orchestrate the formation of the mitotic spindle have been described among the cellular structures that can be differentially allocated during asymmetric cell divisions. This mini-review focuses on recent research from our group and others uncovering a role for the non-random distribution of the spindle-associated microtubule organizing centers in the differential distribution of aging factors during asymmetric mitoses and therefore in the maintenance of the replicative lifespan of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Manzano-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 24, P.C.T. Cartuja 93, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Fernando Monje-Casas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - University of Seville - University Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 24, P.C.T. Cartuja 93, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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28
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Lu L, Jin W, Wang LL. RECQ DNA Helicases and Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:37-54. [PMID: 32767233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RECQ family of DNA helicases is a conserved group of enzymes that plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability. Humans possess five RECQ helicase genes, and mutations in three of them - BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 - are associated with the genetic disorders Bloom syndrome, Werner syndrome, and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), respectively. These syndromes share overlapping clinical features, and importantly they are all associated with an increased risk of cancer. Patients with RTS have the highest specific risk of developing osteosarcoma compared to all other cancer predisposition syndromes; therefore, RTS serves as a relevant model to study the pathogenesis and molecular genetics of osteosarcoma. The "tumor suppressor" function of the RECQ helicases continues to be an area of active investigation. This chapter will focus primarily on the known cellular functions of RECQL4 and how these may relate to tumorigenesis, as well as ongoing efforts to understand RECQL4's functions in vivo using animal models. Understanding the RECQ pathways will provide insight into avenues for novel cancer therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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29
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New Insights for Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Herbal Medicine as Potential Therapeutic Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4598167. [PMID: 31915506 PMCID: PMC6930799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4598167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive disease affecting around 900 million people worldwide, and in recent years, the mechanism of aging and aging-related diseases has been well studied. Treatments for aging-related diseases have also made progress. For the long-term treatment of aging-related diseases, herbal medicine is particularly suitable for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and aging-related diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy and exosome interactions, mitochondrial injury, and telomerase damage, and summarize commonly used herbals and compounds concerned with the development of aging-related diseases, including Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Radix astragali, Lycium barbarum, Rhodiola rosea, Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, resveratrol, curcumin, and flavonoids. We also summarize key randomized controlled trials of herbal medicine for aging-related diseases during the past ten years. Adverse reactions of herbs were also described. It is expected to provide new insights for slowing aging and treating aging-related diseases with herbal medicine.
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30
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Crochemore C, Fernández-Molina C, Montagne B, Salles A, Ricchetti M. CSB promoter downregulation via histone H3 hypoacetylation is an early determinant of replicative senescence. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5576. [PMID: 31811121 PMCID: PMC6898346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has causative links with ageing and age-related diseases, however, it remains unclear if progeroid factors cause senescence in normal cells. Here, we show that depletion of CSB, a protein mutated in progeroid Cockayne syndrome (CS), is the earliest known trigger of p21-dependent replicative senescence. CSB depletion promotes overexpression of the HTRA3 protease resulting in mitochondrial impairments, which are causally linked to CS pathological phenotypes. The CSB promoter is downregulated by histone H3 hypoacetylation during DNA damage-response. Mechanistically, CSB binds to the p21 promoter thereby downregulating its transcription and blocking replicative senescence in a p53-independent manner. This activity of CSB is independent of its role in the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. HTRA3 accumulation and senescence are partially rescued upon reduction of oxidative/nitrosative stress. These findings establish a CSB/p21 axis that acts as a barrier to replicative senescence, and link a progeroid factor with the process of regular ageing in human. Senescence of metabolically active cells is a process linked to ageing. Here the authors reveal that CSB is required to block replicative senescence, and epigenetic control of CSB downregulation triggers proliferative arrest in a p21-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Crochemore
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Fernández-Molina
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, University of Paris 06, IFD-ED 515, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Montagne
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Salles
- Institut Pasteur, UTechS Photonic BioImaging PBI (Imagopole), Centre de Recherche et de Ressources Technologiques C2RT, Paris, France
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Institut Pasteur, Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015, Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR 3738, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, 75015, Paris, France.
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31
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Maierhofer A, Flunkert J, Oshima J, Martin GM, Poot M, Nanda I, Dittrich M, Müller T, Haaf T. Epigenetic signatures of Werner syndrome occur early in life and are distinct from normal epigenetic aging processes. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12995. [PMID: 31259468 PMCID: PMC6718529 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner Syndrome (WS) is an adult-onset segmental progeroid syndrome. Bisulfite pyrosequencing of repetitive DNA families revealed comparable blood DNA methylation levels between classical (18 WRN-mutant) or atypical WS (3 LMNA-mutant and 3 POLD1-mutant) patients and age- and sex-matched controls. WS was not associated with either age-related accelerated global losses of ALU, LINE1, and α-satellite DNA methylations or gains of rDNA methylation. Single CpG methylation was analyzed with Infinium MethylationEPIC arrays. In a correspondence analysis, atypical WS samples clustered together with the controls and were clearly separated from classical WS, consistent with distinct epigenetic pathologies. In classical WS, we identified 659 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) comprising 3,656 CpG sites and 613 RefSeq genes. The top DMR was located in the HOXA4 promoter. Additional DMR genes included LMNA, POLD1, and 132 genes which have been reported to be differentially expressed in WRN-mutant/depleted cells. DMRs were enriched in genes with molecular functions linked to transcription factor activity and sequence-specific DNA binding to promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II. We propose that transcriptional misregulation of downstream genes by the absence of WRN protein contributes to the variable premature aging phenotypes of WS. There were no CpG sites showing significant differences in DNA methylation changes with age between WS patients and controls. Genes with both WS- and age-related methylation changes exhibited a constant offset of methylation between WRN-mutant patients and controls across the entire analyzed age range. WS-specific epigenetic signatures occur early in life and do not simply reflect an acceleration of normal epigenetic aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maierhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Germany
| | - Julia Flunkert
- Institute of Human Genetics Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Germany
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - George M. Martin
- Department of Pathology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Martin Poot
- Institute of Human Genetics Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Germany
| | - Indrajit Nanda
- Institute of Human Genetics Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Institute of Human Genetics Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics Julius Maximilians University Würzburg Germany
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32
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DNA damage in aging, the stem cell perspective. Hum Genet 2019; 139:309-331. [PMID: 31324975 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the most consistent cellular process proposed to contribute to aging. The maintenance of genomic and epigenomic integrity is critical for proper function of cells and tissues throughout life, and this homeostasis is under constant strain from both extrinsic and intrinsic insults. Considering the relationship between lifespan and genotoxic burden, it is plausible that the longest-lived cellular populations would face an accumulation of DNA damage over time. Tissue-specific stem cells are multipotent populations residing in localized niches and are responsible for maintaining all lineages of their resident tissue/system throughout life. However, many of these stem cells are impacted by genotoxic stress. Several factors may dictate the specific stem cell population response to DNA damage, including the niche location, life history, and fate decisions after damage accrual. This leads to differential handling of DNA damage in different stem cell compartments. Given the importance of adult stem cells in preserving normal tissue function during an individual's lifetime, DNA damage sensitivity and accumulation in these compartments could have crucial implications for aging. Despite this, more support for direct functional effects driven by accumulated DNA damage in adult stem cell compartments is needed. This review will present current evidence for the accumulation and potential influence of DNA damage in adult tissue-specific stem cells and propose inquiry directions that could benefit individual healthspan.
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33
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Cao D, Cheung HH, Chan WY. Doxycycline Masks the Genuine Effect of the Doxycycline-Inducible Transgene by Promoting Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:833-845. [PMID: 31020917 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline (DOX), an antibacterial drug, has been widely used in the inducible gene expression system. However, its effect was largely ignored when studying functions of the inducible transgene. By using a DOX-inducible Tet-ON system, we identified that DOX alone dramatically promoted dopaminergic (DA) neuron differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), whereas the studied gene had no significant effects after considering the confounding factor DOX. These findings suggest that the effect of DOX should be taken into consideration when it is used in the inducible system especially during DA neuron differentiation from hPSCs. Meanwhile, it also suggests that DOX can be used as an efficient and inexpensive molecule to increase DA neuron differentiation efficacy from hPSCs for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cao
- 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (CUHK-Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,2 CUHK-CAS Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi-Hung Cheung
- 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (CUHK-Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,2 CUHK-CAS Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (CUHK-Jinan University), School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,2 CUHK-CAS Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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34
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Denoth-Lippuner A, Jessberger S. Mechanisms of cellular rejuvenation. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3381-3392. [PMID: 31197818 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to changes on an organismal but also cellular level. However, the exact mechanisms of cellular aging in mammals remain poorly understood and the identity and functional role of aging factors, some of which have previously been defined in model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, remain elusive. Remarkably, during cellular reprogramming most if not all aging hallmarks are erased, offering a novel entry point to study aging and rejuvenation on a cellular level. On the other hand, direct reprogramming of old cells into cells of a different fate preserves many aging signs. Therefore, investigating the process of reprogramming and comparing it to direct reprogramming may yield novel insights about the clearing of aging factors, which is the basis of rejuvenation. Here, we discuss how reprogramming might lead to rejuvenation of a cell, an organ, or even the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Denoth-Lippuner
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Spitzhorn LS, Megges M, Wruck W, Rahman MS, Otte J, Degistirici Ö, Meisel R, Sorg RV, Oreffo ROC, Adjaye J. Human iPSC-derived MSCs (iMSCs) from aged individuals acquire a rejuvenation signature. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:100. [PMID: 30885246 PMCID: PMC6423778 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are fraught with aging-related shortfalls. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MSCs (iMSCs) have been shown to be a useful clinically relevant source of MSCs that circumvent these aging-associated drawbacks. To date, the extent of the retention of aging-hallmarks in iMSCs differentiated from iPSCs derived from elderly donors remains unclear. METHODS Fetal femur-derived MSCs (fMSCs) and adult bone marrow MSCs (aMSCs) were isolated, corresponding iPSCs were generated, and iMSCs were differentiated from fMSC-iPSCs, from aMSC-iPSCs, and from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) H1. In addition, typical MSC characterization such as cell surface marker expression, differentiation capacity, secretome profile, and trancriptome analysis were conducted for the three distinct iMSC preparations-fMSC-iMSCs, aMSC-iMSCs, and ESC-iMSCs. To verify these results, previously published data sets were used, and also, additional aMSCs and iMSCs were analyzed. RESULTS fMSCs and aMSCs both express the typical MSC cell surface markers and can be differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. However, the transcriptome analysis revealed overlapping and distinct gene expression patterns and showed that fMSCs express more genes in common with ESCs than with aMSCs. fMSC-iMSCs, aMSC-iMSCs, and ESC-iMSCs met the criteria set out for MSCs. Dendrogram analyses confirmed that the transcriptomes of all iMSCs clustered together with the parental MSCs and separated from the MSC-iPSCs and ESCs. iMSCs irrespective of donor age and cell type acquired a rejuvenation-associated gene signature, specifically, the expression of INHBE, DNMT3B, POU5F1P1, CDKN1C, and GCNT2 which are also expressed in pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs and ESC) but not in the parental aMSCs. iMSCs expressed more genes in common with fMSCs than with aMSCs. Independent real-time PCR comparing aMSCs, fMSCs, and iMSCs confirmed the differential expression of the rejuvenation (COX7A, EZA2, and TMEM119) and aging (CXADR and IGSF3) signatures. Importantly, in terms of regenerative medicine, iMSCs acquired a secretome (e.g., angiogenin, DKK-1, IL-8, PDGF-AA, osteopontin, SERPINE1, and VEGF) similar to that of fMSCs and aMSCs, thus highlighting their ability to act via paracrine signaling. CONCLUSIONS iMSCs irrespective of donor age and cell source acquire a rejuvenation gene signature. The iMSC concept could allow circumventing the drawbacks associated with the use of adult MSCs und thus provide a promising tool for use in various clinical settings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas-Sebastian Spitzhorn
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Megges
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Md Shaifur Rahman
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Otte
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Özer Degistirici
- Division of Paediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Clinic for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland Meisel
- Division of Paediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Clinic for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Volker Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Moorenstr, 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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36
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Studying Werner syndrome to elucidate mechanisms and therapeutics of human aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2019; 20:255-269. [PMID: 30666569 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural and unavoidable part of life. However, aging is also the primary driver of the dominant human diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Unraveling the sophisticated molecular mechanisms of the human aging process may provide novel strategies to extend 'healthy aging' and the cure of human aging-related diseases. Werner syndrome (WS), is a heritable human premature aging disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Werner (WRN) DNA helicase. As a classical premature aging disease, etiological exploration of WS can shed light on the mechanisms of normal human aging and facilitate the development of interventional strategies to improve healthspan. Here, we summarize the latest progress of the molecular understandings of WRN protein, highlight the advantages of using different WS model systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) systems. Further studies on WS will propel drug development for WS patients, and possibly also for normal age-related diseases.
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37
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Wang S, Liu Z, Ye Y, Li B, Liu T, Zhang W, Liu GH, Zhang YA, Qu J, Xu D, Chen Z. Ectopic hTERT expression facilitates reprograming of fibroblasts derived from patients with Werner syndrome as a WS cellular model. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:923. [PMID: 30206203 PMCID: PMC6134116 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided a unique opportunity to develop disease-specific models and personalized treatment for genetic disorders, and is well suitable for the study of Werner syndrome (WS), an autosomal recessive disease with adult onset of premature aging caused by mutations in the RecQ like helicase (WRN) gene. WS-derived fibroblasts were previously shown to be able to generate iPSCs; however, it remains elusive how WS-derived iPSCs behave and whether they are able to mimic the disease-specific phenotype. The present study was designed to address these issues. Unexpectedly, we found that a specific WS fibroblast line of homozygous truncation mutation was difficult to be reprogrammed by using the Yamanaka factors even under hypoxic conditions due to their defect in induction of hTERT, the catalytic unit of telomerase. Ectopic expression of hTERT restores the ability of this WS fibroblast line to form iPSCs, although with a low efficiency. To examine the phenotype of WRN-deficient pluripotent stem cells, we also generated WRN knockout human embryonic stem (ES) cells by using the CRISPR/Cas9 method. The iPSCs derived from WS-hTERT cells and WRN-/- ESCs are fully pluripotent, express pluripotent markers and can differentiate into three germ layer cells; however, WS-iPSCs and WRN-/- ESCs show S phase defect in cell cycle progression. Moreover, WS-iPSCs and WRN-/- ESCs, like WS patient-derived fibroblasts, remain hypersensitive to topoisomerase inhibitors. Collectively, WS-derived iPSCs and WRN-/- ESCs mimic the intrinsic disease phenotype, which may serve as a suitable disease model, whereas not be good for a therapeutic purpose without gene correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfeng Liu
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingnan Li
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Alex Zhang
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Dawei Xu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. .,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
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38
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Li L, Miu KK, Gu S, Cheung HH, Chan WY. Comparison of multi-lineage differentiation of hiPSCs reveals novel miRNAs that regulate lineage specification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9630. [PMID: 29941943 PMCID: PMC6018499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be crucial players in governing the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Despite their utter importance, identifying key lineage specifiers among the myriads of expressed miRNAs remains challenging. We believe that the current practice in mining miRNA specifiers via delineating dynamic fold-changes only is inadequate. Our study, therefore, provides evidence to pronounce "lineage specificity" as another important attribute to qualify for these lineage specifiers. Adopted hiPSCs were differentiated into representative lineages (hepatic, nephric and neuronal) over all three germ layers whilst the depicted miRNA expression changes compiled into an integrated atlas. We demonstrated inter-lineage analysis shall aid in the identification of key miRNAs with lineage-specificity, while these shortlisted candidates were collectively known as "lineage-specific miRNAs". Subsequently, we followed through the fold-changes along differentiation via computational analysis to identify miR-192 and miR-372-3p, respectively, as representative candidate key miRNAs for the hepatic and nephric lineages. Indeed, functional characterization validated that miR-192 and miR-372-3p regulate lineage differentiation via modulation of the expressions of lineage-specific genes. In summary, our presented miRNA atlas is a resourceful ore for the mining of key miRNAs responsible for lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- CUHK-CAS GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kai-Kei Miu
- CUHK-CAS GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shen Gu
- CUHK-CAS GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
- M&H Genetics/Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hoi-Hung Cheung
- CUHK-CAS GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- CUHK-CAS GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR.
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Yamaga M, Takemoto M, Shoji M, Sakamoto K, Yamamoto M, Ishikawa T, Koshizaka M, Maezawa Y, Kobayashi K, Yokote K. Werner syndrome: a model for sarcopenia due to accelerated aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1738-1744. [PMID: 28738022 PMCID: PMC5559172 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare inheritable progeroid syndrome caused by a mutation in the WRN gene. Although WS has been described as a characteristic appearance of very slender extremities with a stocky trunk, few studies have investigated the loss of muscle mass, fat mass distribution (body composition), and mobility according to age and sex. Therefore, the aim of this study was to precisely describe the body composition in WS. Nine Japanese patients with WS (four males and five females; mean age 48±8.8 years) were recruited. Body composition was examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography (CT). The hand grip strength and mobility were evaluated using the two-step test, stand-up test and 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS). The mean skeletal muscle index (SMI) was 4.0±0.6 kg/m2. SMI of all patients met the criteria of sarcopenia, even though some patients were aged < 40 years. All patients also showed deceased mobility. In conclusion, these results indicate that all patients with WS, even those aged < 40 years, had already lost muscle mass to the level of sarcopenia. Continued research on sarcopenia in WS might facilitate the discovery of novel mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamaga
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shoji
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, 283-8686, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Asahi General Hospital, 1326 I, Chiba, 289-2511, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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40
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Wu Z, Zhang W, Song M, Wang W, Wei G, Li W, Lei J, Huang Y, Sang Y, Chan P, Chen C, Qu J, Suzuki K, Belmonte JCI, Liu GH. Differential stem cell aging kinetics in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and Werner syndrome. Protein Cell 2018; 9:333-350. [PMID: 29476423 PMCID: PMC5876188 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Werner syndrome (WS) are two of the best characterized human progeroid syndromes. HGPS is caused by a point mutation in lamin A (LMNA) gene, resulting in the production of a truncated protein product-progerin. WS is caused by mutations in WRN gene, encoding a loss-of-function RecQ DNA helicase. Here, by gene editing we created isogenic human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with heterozygous (G608G/+) or homozygous (G608G/G608G) LMNA mutation and biallelic WRN knockout, for modeling HGPS and WS pathogenesis, respectively. While ESCs and endothelial cells (ECs) did not present any features of premature senescence, HGPS- and WS-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed aging-associated phenotypes with different kinetics. WS-MSCs had early-onset mild premature aging phenotypes while HGPS-MSCs exhibited late-onset acute premature aging characterisitcs. Taken together, our study compares and contrasts the distinct pathologies underpinning the two premature aging disorders, and provides reliable stem-cell based models to identify new therapeutic strategies for pathological and physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Moshi Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jinghui Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Medical genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanmei Sang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan. .,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | | | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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41
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Tu J, Cao D, Li L, Cheung HH, Chan WY. MicroRNA profiling during directed differentiation of cortical interneurons from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:502-512. [PMID: 29632804 PMCID: PMC5881541 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are useful for modeling neuron development and related diseases. Cortical interneurons are essential players in neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism. miRNAs are a class of pivotal regulators in neural differentiation. Using a previously established model of cortical interneuron differentiation from human embryonic stem cells, we profiled miRNAs involved in differentiation from human iPSCs. A number of miRNAs were modulated in the differentiation process. This study captured the temporal in vitro neurogenesis from iPSCs to mature cortical interneurons. The specific miRNAs identified at each stage of differentiation are of potential use for drug discovery and prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (CUHK-Jinan University) School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.,CUHK-CAS Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (CUHK-Jinan University) School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lu Li
- CUHK-CAS Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hoi-Hung Cheung
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (CUHK-Jinan University) School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.,CUHK-CAS Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (CUHK-Jinan University) School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.,CUHK-CAS Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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42
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Carrero D, Soria-Valles C, López-Otín C. Hallmarks of progeroid syndromes: lessons from mice and reprogrammed cells. Dis Model Mech 2017; 9:719-35. [PMID: 27482812 PMCID: PMC4958309 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a process that inevitably affects most living organisms and involves the accumulation of macromolecular damage, genomic instability and loss of heterochromatin. Together, these alterations lead to a decline in stem cell function and to a reduced capability to regenerate tissue. In recent years, several genetic pathways and biochemical mechanisms that contribute to physiological ageing have been described, but further research is needed to better characterize this complex biological process. Because premature ageing (progeroid) syndromes, including progeria, mimic many of the characteristics of human ageing, research into these conditions has proven to be very useful not only to identify the underlying causal mechanisms and identify treatments for these pathologies, but also for the study of physiological ageing. In this Review, we summarize the main cellular and animal models used in progeria research, with an emphasis on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell models, and define a series of molecular and cellular hallmarks that characterize progeroid syndromes and parallel physiological ageing. Finally, we describe the therapeutic strategies being investigated for the treatment of progeroid syndromes, and their main limitations. Summary: This Review defines the molecular and cellular hallmarks of progeroid syndromes according to the main cellular and animal models, and discusses the therapeutic strategies developed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dido Carrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Clara Soria-Valles
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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43
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Guastafierro T, Bacalini MG, Marcoccia A, Gentilini D, Pisoni S, Di Blasio AM, Corsi A, Franceschi C, Raimondo D, Spanò A, Garagnani P, Bondanini F. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in blood cells from patients with Werner syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:92. [PMID: 28861129 PMCID: PMC5577832 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Werner syndrome is a progeroid disorder characterized by premature age-related phenotypes. Although it is well established that autosomal recessive mutations in the WRN gene is responsible for Werner syndrome, the molecular alterations that lead to disease phenotype remain still unidentified. Results To address whether epigenetic changes can be associated with Werner syndrome phenotype, we analysed genome-wide DNA methylation profile using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip in the whole blood from three patients affected by Werner syndrome compared with three age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Hypermethylated probes were enriched in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, FoxO signalling and insulin signalling pathways, while hypomethylated probes were enriched in PI3K-Akt signalling and focal adhesion pathways. Twenty-two out of 47 of the differentially methylated genes belonging to the enriched pathways resulted differentially expressed in a publicly available dataset on Werner syndrome fibroblasts. Interestingly, differentially methylated regions identified CERS1 and CERS3, two members of the ceramide synthase family. Moreover, we found differentially methylated probes within ITGA9 and ADAM12 genes, whose methylation is altered in systemic sclerosis, and within the PRDM8 gene, whose methylation is affected in dyskeratosis congenita and Down syndrome. Conclusions DNA methylation changes in the peripheral blood from Werner syndrome patients provide new insight in the pathogenesis of the disease, highlighting in some cases a functional correlation of gene expression and methylation status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0389-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guastafierro
- UOC of Clinical Biochemistry, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy.,CRIIS (Interdisciplinary, Interdepartmental and Specialistic Reference Center for Early Diagnosis of Scleroderma, Treatment of Sclerodermic Ulcers and Videocapillaroscopy), Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Bacalini
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Marcoccia
- CRIIS (Interdisciplinary, Interdepartmental and Specialistic Reference Center for Early Diagnosis of Scleroderma, Treatment of Sclerodermic Ulcers and Videocapillaroscopy), Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy.,UOSD Ischemic Microangiopathy and Sclerodermic Ulcers, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - D Gentilini
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Italian Auxologic Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S Pisoni
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Italian Auxologic Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Di Blasio
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Technologies, Italian Auxologic Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Raimondo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Spanò
- UOC of Clinical Biochemistry, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - P Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.,CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Bondanini
- CRIIS (Interdisciplinary, Interdepartmental and Specialistic Reference Center for Early Diagnosis of Scleroderma, Treatment of Sclerodermic Ulcers and Videocapillaroscopy), Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy.,UOC of Clinical Pathology, Saint' Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Lin YH, Jewell BE, Gingold J, Lu L, Zhao R, Wang LL, Lee DF. Osteosarcoma: Molecular Pathogenesis and iPSC Modeling. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:737-755. [PMID: 28735817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare hereditary disorders provide unequivocal evidence of the importance of genes in human disease pathogenesis. Familial syndromes that predispose to osteosarcomagenesis are invaluable in understanding the underlying genetics of this malignancy. Recently, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been successfully utilized to model Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS)-associated bone malignancy, demonstrating that iPSCs can serve as an in vitro disease model to elucidate osteosarcoma etiology. We provide here an overview of osteosarcoma predisposition syndromes and review recently established iPSC disease models for these familial syndromes. Merging molecular information gathered from these models with the current knowledge of osteosarcoma biology will help us to gain a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying osteosarcomagenesis and will potentially aid in the development of future patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Brittany E Jewell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Julian Gingold
- Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Linchao Lu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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45
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Zhao J, Davis MD, Martens YA, Shinohara M, Graff-Radford NR, Younkin SG, Wszolek ZK, Kanekiyo T, Bu G. APOE ε4/ε4 diminishes neurotrophic function of human iPSC-derived astrocytes. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2690-2700. [PMID: 28444230 PMCID: PMC5886091 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ε4 allele of the APOE gene encoding apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a strong genetic risk factor for aging-related cognitive decline as well as late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to the common ε3 allele. In the central nervous system, apoE is produced primarily by astrocytes and functions in transporting lipids including cholesterol to support neuronal homeostasis and synaptic integrity. Although mouse models and corresponding primary cells have provided valuable tools for studying apoE isoform-dependent functions, recent studies have shown that human astrocytes have a distinct gene expression profile compare with rodent astrocytes. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from individuals carrying specific gene variants or mutations provide an alternative cellular model more relevant to humans upon differentiation into specific cell types. Thus, we reprogramed human skin fibroblasts from cognitively normal individuals carrying APOE ε3/ε3 or ε4/ε4 genotype to iPSC clones and further differentiated them into neural progenitor cells and then astrocytes. We found that human iPSC-derived astrocytes secreted abundant apoE with apoE4 lipoprotein particles less lipidated compared to apoE3 particles. More importantly, human iPSC-derived astrocytes were capable of promoting neuronal survival and synaptogenesis when co-cultured with iPSC-derived neurons with APOE ε4/ε4 astrocytes less effective in supporting these neurotrophic functions than those with APOE ε3/ε3 genotype. Taken together, our findings demonstrate APOE genotype-dependent effects using human iPSC-derived astrocytes and provide novel evidence that the human iPSC-based model system is a strong tool to explore how apoE isoforms contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) was first described more than 10 years ago and is currently used in various basic science and clinical research fields. The aim of this report is to examine the trends in research using iPSCs over the last 10 years. The 2006-2016 PubMed database was searched using the MeSH term "induced pluripotent stem cells." Only original research articles were selected, with a total of 3323 articles. These were classified according to research theme into reprogramming, differentiation protocols for specific cells and/or tissues, pathophysiological research on diseases, and discovery of new drugs, and then the trends over the years were analyzed. We also focused on 232 research publications on the pathophysiological causes of diseases and drug discovery with impact factor (IF; Thomson Reuters) of six or more. The IF of each article was summed up by year, by main target disease, and by country, and the total IF score was expressed as trends of research. The trends of research activities of reprogramming and differentiation on specific cells and/or tissues reached maxima in 2013/2014. On the other hand, research on pathophysiology and drug discovery increased continuously. The 232 articles with IF ≥6 dealt with neurological, immunological/hematological, cardiovascular, and digestive tract diseases, in that order. The majority of articles were published from the United States, followed by Japan, Germany, and United Kingdom. In conclusion, iPSCs have become a general tool for pathophysiological research on disease and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Negoro
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanayuki Okura
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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The Werner Syndrome Helicase Coordinates Sequential Strand Displacement and FEN1-Mediated Flap Cleavage during Polymerase δ Elongation. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00560-16. [PMID: 27849570 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00560-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) suppresses the loss of telomeres replicated by lagging-strand synthesis by a yet to be defined mechanism. Here, we show that whereas either WRN or the Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) stimulates DNA polymerase δ progression across telomeric G-rich repeats, only WRN promotes sequential strand displacement synthesis and FEN1 cleavage, a critical step in Okazaki fragment maturation, at these sequences. Helicase activity, as well as the conserved winged-helix (WH) motif and the helicase and RNase D C-terminal (HRDC) domain play important but distinct roles in this process. Remarkably, WRN also influences the formation of FEN1 cleavage products during strand displacement on a nontelomeric substrate, suggesting that WRN recruitment and cooperative interaction with FEN1 during lagging-strand synthesis may serve to regulate sequential strand displacement and flap cleavage at other genomic sites. These findings define a biochemical context for the physiological role of WRN in maintaining genetic stability.
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Oshima J, Sidorova JM, Monnat RJ. Werner syndrome: Clinical features, pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:105-114. [PMID: 26993153 PMCID: PMC5025328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a prototypical segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by multiple features consistent with accelerated aging. It is caused by null mutations of the WRN gene, which encodes a member of the RECQ family of DNA helicases. A unique feature of the WRN helicase is the presence of an exonuclease domain in its N-terminal region. Biochemical and cell biological studies during the past decade have demonstrated involvements of the WRN protein in multiple DNA transactions, including DNA repair, recombination, replication and transcription. A role of the WRN protein in telomere maintenance could explain many of the WS phenotypes. Recent discoveries of new progeroid loci found in atypical Werner cases continue to support the concept of genomic instability as a major mechanism of biological aging. Based on these biological insights, efforts are underway to develop therapeutic interventions for WS and related progeroid syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Julia M Sidorova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Bloom's syndrome: Why not premature aging?: A comparison of the BLM and WRN helicases. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:36-51. [PMID: 27238185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and aging. Premature aging (progeroid) syndromes are often caused by mutations in genes whose function is to ensure genomic integrity. The RecQ family of DNA helicases is highly conserved and plays crucial roles as genome caretakers. In humans, mutations in three RecQ genes - BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 - give rise to Bloom's syndrome (BS), Werner syndrome (WS), and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), respectively. WS is a prototypic premature aging disorder; however, the clinical features present in BS and RTS do not indicate accelerated aging. The BLM helicase has pivotal functions at the crossroads of DNA replication, recombination, and repair. BS cells exhibit a characteristic form of genomic instability that includes excessive homologous recombination. The excessive homologous recombination drives the development in BS of the many types of cancers that affect persons in the normal population. Replication delay and slower cell turnover rates have been proposed to explain many features of BS, such as short stature. More recently, aberrant transcriptional regulation of growth and survival genes has been proposed as a hypothesis to explain features of BS.
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50
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Liu L. Linking Telomere Regulation to Stem Cell Pluripotency. Trends Genet 2016; 33:16-33. [PMID: 27889084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), somatic cell nuclear transfer ESCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent the most studied group of PSCs. Unlimited self-renewal without incurring chromosomal instability and pluripotency are essential for the potential use of PSCs in regenerative therapy. Telomere length maintenance is critical for the unlimited self-renewal, pluripotency, and chromosomal stability of PSCs. While telomerase has a primary role in telomere maintenance, alternative lengthening of telomere pathways involving recombination and epigenetic modifications are also required for telomere length regulation, notably in mouse PSCs. Telomere rejuvenation is part of epigenetic reprogramming to pluripotency. Insights into telomere reprogramming and maintenance in PSCs may have implications for understanding of aging and tumorigenesis. Here, I discuss the link between telomere elongation and homeostasis to the acquisition and maintenance of stem cell pluripotency, and their regulatory mechanisms by epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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