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Ma MY, Niu XJ, Wang Q, Wang SM, Li X, Zhang SH. Evidence and possible mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis and its bioactive compounds for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Ann Med 2024; 55:2247004. [PMID: 38232757 PMCID: PMC10795786 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2247004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicines have been reported to have outstanding effects in the treating of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) has demonstrated anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Baicalein, wogonin, and baicalin are the main pharmacologically bioactive compounds of S. baicalensis. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched to select articles published from their inception to 30 May 2022. For selected articles, clinical and preclinical data was obtained on the use of S. baicalensis and its bioactive compounds in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan version 5.3 and Stata software. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using Cochrane and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE)'s risk of bias tools. RESULTS Seven clinical and 17 preclinical in vivo studies along with 31 in vitro studies were included in this research. Meta-analysis showed that a Chinese herbal medicine preparation, with S. baicalensis as the sovereign herb, combined with Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or primary treatment, could lead to a significantly improved tumor objective response rate (Risk ratio (RR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.30, 1.90], p < 0.00001). Scutellaria baicalensis-based extracts (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.86, 95%CI: [-1.20, -0.53], p < 0.00001), baicalein (SMD = -4.80, 95%CI: [-6.66, - 2.95], p < 0.00001), baicalin (SMD = -2.28, 95%CI [-3.26, -1.30], p < 0.00001) and wogonin (SMD = -1.41, 95%CI [-2.26, -0.57], p < 0.00001) slowed tumor growth in vivo. These outcomes might be linked to the mechanism by which S. baicalensis promotes apoptosis, induces autophagy, and blocks the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on experimental and clinical evidence, we believe that S. baicalensis and its bioactive compounds have therapeutic potential and plausible mechanisms of action against hepatocellular carcinoma, in terms of efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Ma
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ji Niu
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu H, Liu H, Zhou Z, Chung J, Zhang G, Chang J, Parise RA, Chu E, Schmitz JC. Scutellaria baicalensis enhances 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy via inhibition of proliferative signaling pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 37337282 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoropyridine-based chemotherapy remains the most widely used treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which the natural product Scutellaria baicalensis (Huang Qin; HQ) and one of its main components baicalin enhanced 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) antitumor activity against CRC. Cell proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis, reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis, immunoblot analysis, and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the mechanism(s) of action of HQ and its active components on growth of CRC cells. HQ exhibited in vitro antiproliferative activity against drug resistant human CRC cells, against human and mouse CRC cells with different genetic backgrounds and normal human colon epithelial cells. In vivo animal models were used to document the antitumor activity of HQ and baicalin. The mechanism of growth inhibitory activity of HQ is due to inhibition of proliferative signaling pathways including the CDK-RB pathway. In addition, HQ enhanced the antitumor effects of 5-FU and capecitabine in vivo. Furthermore, we identified baicalin as an active component of HQ. The combination of baicalin and 5-FU demonstrated synergistic activity against 5-FU-resistant RKO-R10 cells. The combination significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth greater than each treatment alone. RPPA results showed that the signaling pathway alterations in CRC cells were similar following HQ and baicalin treatment. Together, these results indicate that HQ and its component baicalin enhance the effect of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy via inhibition of CDK-RB pathway. These findings may provide the rational basis for developing agents that can overcome the development of cellular drug resistance. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jessica Chung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abington-Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, USA
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jin Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Robert A Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Cancer Therapeutics Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John C Schmitz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Barreca MM, Alessandro R, Corrado C. Effects of Flavonoids on Cancer, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119236. [PMID: 37298188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemical compounds found in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves. They have a multitude of medicinal applications due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic properties. Furthermore, they also have neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects. Their biological properties depend on the chemical structure of flavonoids, their mechanism of action, and their bioavailability. The beneficial effects of flavonoids have been proven for a variety of diseases. In the last few years, it is demonstrated that the effects of flavonoids are mediated by inhibiting the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor-κB) pathway. In this review, we have summarized the effects of some flavonoids on the most common diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and human neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we collected all recent studies describing the protective and prevention role of flavonoids derived from plants by specifically focusing their action on the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Corrado
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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New Visions on Natural Products and Cancer Therapy: Autophagy and Related Regulatory Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235839. [PMID: 36497321 PMCID: PMC9738256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) has been a highly conserved process throughout evolution and allows cells to degrade aggregated/misfolded proteins, dysfunctional or superfluous organelles and damaged macromolecules, in order to recycle them for biosynthetic and/or energetic purposes to preserve cellular homeostasis and health. Changes in autophagy are indeed correlated with several pathological disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, infections, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, autophagy controls both apoptosis and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cells. Therefore, any changes in the autophagy pathway will affect both the UPR and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that several natural products can modulate (induce or inhibit) the autophagy pathway. Natural products may target different regulatory components of the autophagy pathway, including specific kinases or phosphatases. In this review, we evaluated ~100 natural compounds and plant species and their impact on different types of cancers via the autophagy pathway. We also discuss the impact of these compounds on the UPR and apoptosis via the autophagy pathway. A multitude of preclinical findings have shown the function of botanicals in regulating cell autophagy and its potential impact on cancer therapy; however, the number of related clinical trials to date remains low. In this regard, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to better clarify the utility of natural compounds and their modulatory effects on autophagy, as fine-tuning of autophagy could be translated into therapeutic applications for several cancers.
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Farooqi AA, Kapanova G, Kalmakhanov S, Tanbayeva G, Zhakipbekov KS, Rakhmetova VS, Syzdykbayev MK. Regulation of Cell Signaling Pathways and Non-Coding RNAs by Baicalein in Different Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158377. [PMID: 35955525 PMCID: PMC9368823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Landmark discoveries in molecular oncology have provided a wide-angle overview of the heterogenous and therapeutically challenging nature of cancer. The power of modern ‘omics’ technologies has enabled researchers to deeply and comprehensively characterize molecular mechanisms underlying cellular functions. Interestingly, high-throughput technologies have opened new horizons for the design and scientific fool-proof evaluation of the pharmacological properties of targeted chemical compounds to tactfully control the activities of the oncogenic protein networks. Groundbreaking discoveries have galvanized the expansion of the repertoire of available pharmacopoeia to therapeutically target a myriad of deregulated oncogenic pathways. Natural product research has undergone substantial broadening, and many of the drugs which constitute the backbone of modern pharmaceuticals have been derived from the natural cornucopia. Baicalein has gradually gained attention because of its unique ability to target different oncogenic signal transduction cascades in various cancers. We have partitioned this review into different sub-sections to provide a broader snapshot of the oncogenic pathways regulated by baicalein. In this review, we summarize baicalein-mediated targeting of WNT/β-catenin, AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NOTCH pathways. We also critically analyze how baicalein regulates non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in different cancers. Finally, we conceptually interpret baicalein-mediated inhibition of primary and secondary growths in xenografted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Gulnara Kapanova
- Scientific Center of Anti-Infectious Drugs, 75 al-Faraby Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (S.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Sundetgali Kalmakhanov
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (S.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Gulnur Tanbayeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (S.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Kairat S. Zhakipbekov
- Department of Organization and Management and Economics of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University KazNMU, Tole Bi St. 94, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Venera S. Rakhmetova
- Department Internal Diseases, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Marat K. Syzdykbayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Narcology, Semey Medical University, Semey 071400, Kazakhstan;
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Rashid HM, Mahmod AI, Afifi FU, Talib WH. Antioxidant and Antiproliferation Activities of Lemon Verbena (Aloysia citrodora): An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060785. [PMID: 35336667 PMCID: PMC8951487 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aloysia citrodora (Verbenaceae) is traditionally used to treat various diseases, including bronchitis, insomnia, anxiety, digestive, and heart problems. In this study, this plant’s antioxidant and anti-proliferation effects were evaluated. In addition to volatiles extraction, different solvent extracts were prepared. The GC-MS, LC-MS analysis and the Foline-Ciocalteu (F-C) method were used to investigate the phytochemical components of the plant. MTT assay was used to measure the antiproliferative ability for each extract. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In in vivo anti-proliferation experiments, Balb/C mice were inoculated with tumor cells and IP-injected with ethyl acetate extract of A. citrodora. After treatment, a significant reduction in tumor size (57.97%) and undetected tumors (44.44%) were obtained in treated mice, demonstrating the antiproliferative efficacy of the ethyl acetate extract. Besides, ethanol extract revealed the most potent radical scavenging effect. The findings of this study displayed that A. citrodora has promising cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Still, further testing is required to investigate the extract’s chemical composition to understand its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan M. Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (H.M.R.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (H.M.R.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Fatma U. Afifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; or
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; (H.M.R.); (A.I.M.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Hu Z, Guan Y, Hu W, Xu Z, Ishfaq M. An overview of pharmacological activities of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein: New insights into molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:14-26. [PMID: 35656442 PMCID: PMC9118284 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.60380.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoids, baicalin, and its aglycone baicalein possess multi-fold therapeutic properties and are mainly found in the roots of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. These flavonoids have been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. The pharmacological properties of baicalin and baicalein are due to their abilities to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interaction with various signaling molecules associated with apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics, and cytoprotection. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications of baicalin and baicalein in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. In addition, the preventive effects of baicalin and baicalein on mitochondrial dynamics and functions were highlighted with a particular emphasis on their anti-oxidative and cytoprotective properties. The current review highlights could be useful for future prospective studies to further improve the pharmacological applications of baicalein and baicalin. These studies should define the threshold for optimal drug exposure, dose optimization and focus on therapeutic drug monitoring, objective disease markers, and baicalin/baicalein drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Hu
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yurong Guan
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wanying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Hubei Zhiying Medical Imaging Center, Radiology Department of Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
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Baicalein Inhibits Metastatic Phenotypes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells via a Focal Adhesion Protein Integrin β8. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010005. [PMID: 35056061 PMCID: PMC8780671 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a prominent flavonoid from the indigenous herbal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses broad-spectrum anticancer activities. However, the biological effects of baicalein on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its underlying mechanisms remain unclarified. Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of baicalein on NPC cell lines and investigated the corresponding molecular mechanism through transcriptome profiling. In the study, four NPC cell lines were treated with various concentrations of baicalein at different time points. Cellular toxicity and proliferative inhibition of baicalein were examined by MTT assay. Metastatic phenotypes of NPC cells were investigated by wound healing, transwell, and adhesion assays. Additionally, microarray experiments were performed to determine the cellular pathways affected by baicalein. The expression and localization of the integrin β8 were validated by western immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Our results revealed that baicalein exhibited its cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity on all tested NPC cell lines. It also significantly inhibited metastatic phenotypes at sub-lethal concentrations. Transcriptomic analysis showed that baicalein significantly affected the focal adhesion pathway in NPC, where integrin β8 was greatly diminished. Thus, the present study results suggested that baicalein inhibits the metastatic phenotypes of NPC cells by modulating integrin β8, one of the major molecules in a focal adhesion pathway.
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Verma E, Kumar A, Devi Daimary U, Parama D, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Potential of baicalein in the prevention and treatment of cancer: A scientometric analyses based review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Kuhnert R, Kuhnert L, Sárosi MB, George S, Draca D, Paskas S, Hofmann B, Steinhilber D, Honscha W, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Hey-Hawkins E. Borcalein: a Carborane-Based Analogue of Baicalein with 12-Lipoxygenase-Independent Toxicity. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100588. [PMID: 34694057 PMCID: PMC9298951 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
12-Lipoxygenase is crucial for tumour angiogenesis. 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (baicalein) is a suitable inhibitor for this enzyme but is rapidly metabolised in vivo. Thus, an improvement of the metabolic stability is necessary to enhance the therapeutic efficiency. An emerging approach to enhance metabolic stability of carbon-based pharmaceuticals is the use of metabolically stable, non-toxic boron clusters, such as dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12)s (carboranes) as phenyl mimetics. Therefore, the unsubstituted phenyl ring of baicalein was replaced by meta-carborane, resulting in borcalein, the carborane analogue of baicalein. This substitution resulted in a decreased inhibitory activity toward 12-lipoxygenase, but led to increased toxicity in melanoma (A375, B16, B16F10) and colon cancer cell lines (SW480, HCT116, CT26CL25) with decreased tumour selectivity in comparison to baicalein. Surprisingly, borcalein displays a different mechanism of cytotoxicity with increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and nitric oxide (NO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kuhnert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lydia Kuhnert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Menyhárt-B Sárosi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven George
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dijana Draca
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Paskas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Walther Honscha
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A focus on epithelial-mesenchymal transition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2021; 19:469-477. [PMID: 34538644 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancers worldwide. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which endows epithelial cells with mesenchymal properties, plays an important role in the early stages of metastasis. Conventional cancer therapies have promising effects, but issues remain, such as high rates of metastasis and drug resistance. Thus, exploring and evaluating new therapies is an urgent need. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been acknowledged for their multi-target and coordinated intervention effects against HCC. Accumulating evidence indicates that TCM can inhibit the malignancy of cells and the progression of EMT in HCC. However, studies on the effects of TCM on EMT in HCC are scarce. In this review, we summarized recent developments in anti-EMT TCMs and formulae, focusing on their underlying pharmacological mechanisms, to provide a foundation for further research on the exact mechanisms through which TCM affects EMT in HCC.
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Treatment for liver cancer: From sorafenib to natural products. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113690. [PMID: 34256124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer most commonly develops in patients with chronic liver disease, the etiology of which includes viral hepatitis (B and C), alcohol, obesity, dietary carcinogens, and so forth. The current treatment modalities, including surgical resection and liver transplantation, have been found far from effective. Hence, there is an obvious critical need to develop alternative strategies for the treatment of it. In this review, we discuss the formation process and therapeutic targets of liver cancer. Currently, targeted therapy is limited to sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, ramucirumab and cabozantinib which leads to a survival benefit in patients, but on the other hand is hampered by the occurrence of drug resistance. Pleasingly and importantly, there are multiple natural products undergoing clinical evaluation in liver cancer, such as polyphenols like icaritin, resveratrol, and silybin, saponins including ginsenoside Rg3 and glycyrrhizinate, alkaloid containing irinotecan and berberine and inorganic compound arsenic trioxide at present. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that these compounds inhibit liver cancer formation owing to the influence on the anti-viral, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastasis activity. Furthermore, a series of small molecule derivatives inspired by the aforementioned compounds are designed and synthesized according to structure-activity relationship studies. Drug combination and novel type of drug-targeted delivery system thereof have been well developed. This article is ended by a perspective remark of futuristic development of natural product-based therapeutic regimen for liver cancer treatment. We expect that this review is an account for current status of natural products as promising anti-liver cancer treatments and should contribute to its understanding.
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Baby J, Devan AR, Kumar AR, Gorantla JN, Nair B, Aishwarya TS, Nath LR. Cogent role of flavonoids as key orchestrators of chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13761. [PMID: 34028054 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemopreventive approaches with food-derived phytochemicals are progressively rising as a significant aspect of tumor management and control. Herein, we have showcased the major phytoconstituents belonging to the group of flavanoid, as anti-cancer agents used for the treatment and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is the sole drug used for the treatment of advanced HCC, but its clinical application is limited because of its severe adverse effects and drug resistance. Diet-based chemoprevention seems to be the way forward for this disease of malignant nature. As HCC is derived from a chronic inflammatory milieu, the regular incorporation of bioactive phytochemicals in the diet will confer protection and prevent progression to hepatocarcinogenesis. Many preclinical studies proved that the health benefits of flavonoids confer cytotoxic potential against various types of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. As flavonoids with excellent safety profile are abundantly present in common vegetables and fruits, they can be better utilized for chemoprevention and chemosensitization in such chronic condition. This review highlights the plausible role of the eight most promising flavonoids (Curcumin, Kaempferol, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Silibinin, Baicalein, Galangin and Luteolin) as key orchestrators of chemoprevention in hepatocellular carcinoma with preclinical and clinical evidence. An attempt to address the challenges in its clinical translation is also included. This review also provides an insight into the close association of HCC and metabolic disorders which may further decipher the chemopreventive effect of dietary bioactive from a proof of concept to extensive clinical translation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to GLOBOCAN 2020 database, it is estimated that 905,677 new cases of liver cancer and approximately 830,180 deaths related to that. The cancer incidence and mortality are almost similar as it is diagnosed at an advanced stage in patients where systemic drug therapy is the sole approach. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistance and drug-related toxicities, most of the patient can not adhere to the therapy regimen. Flavonoids are known to be a potential anticancer agent with an excellent safety profile. These are found to be effective preclinically against hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of numerous pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis. But, the bioavailability issue, lack of well designed-validated clinical evidence, the possibility of food-drug interaction etc limit its clinical utility. The research inputs mainly to overcome pharmacokinetic issues along with suitable validation of efficacy and toxicity will be a critical point for establishing flavonoids as an effective, safe, affordable therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Baby
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Thanatharayil Sathian Aishwarya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Mechanism of Scutellariae Radix for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8897918. [PMID: 33163086 PMCID: PMC7607277 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8897918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor without effective therapeutic drugs for most patients in advanced stages. Scutellariae Radix (SR) is a well-known anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic herbal medicine. However, the mechanism of SR against HCC remains to be clarified. In the present study, network pharmacology was utilized to characterize the mechanism of SR on HCC. The active components of SR and their targets were collected from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and the traditional Chinese medicine integrated database. HCC-related targets were acquired from the liver cancer databases OncoDB.HCC and Liverome. The gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway were analyzed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Component-component target and protein-protein interaction networks were set up. A total of 143 components of SR were identified, and 37 of them were considered as candidate active components. Fifty targets corresponding to 29 components of SR were mapped with targets of HCC. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that SR exerted an antihepatocarcinoma effect by regulating pathways in cancer, hepatitis B, viral carcinogenesis, and PI3K-Akt signaling. The holistic approach of network pharmacology can provide novel insights into the mechanistic study and therapeutic drug development of SR for HCC treatment.
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15
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Zhao Q, Peng C, Zheng C, He XH, Huang W, Han B. Recent Advances in Characterizing Natural Products that Regulate Autophagy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2177-2196. [PMID: 31749434 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intricate response to nutrient deprivation, pathogen infection, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-stress and drugs, is crucial for the homeostatic maintenance in living cells. This highly regulated, multistep process has been involved in several diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, especially in cancer. It can function as either a promoter or a suppressor in cancer, which underlines the potential utility as a therapeutic target. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that many natural products could modulate autophagy through diverse signaling pathways, either inducing or inhibiting. In this review, we briefly introduce autophagy and systematically describe several classes of natural products that implicated autophagy modulation. These compounds are of great interest for their potential activity against many types of cancer, such as ovarian, breast, cervical, pancreatic, and so on, hoping to provide valuable information for the development of cancer treatments based on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China.,The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States
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16
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Zhang Z, Nong L, Chen M, Gu X, Zhao W, Liu M, Cheng W. Baicalein suppresses vasculogenic mimicry through inhibiting RhoA/ROCK expression in lung cancer A549 cell line. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1007-1015. [PMID: 32672788 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) refers to a new tubular network of the blood supply system with abundant extracellular matrix. VM is similar to capillaries but does not involve endothelial cells. As a traditional herbal medicine commonly used in China, baicalein possesses anti-inflammatory and lipoxygenase activities. However, the effects of baicalein on the process of VM formation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying mechanisms have remained poorly understood. In this study, baicalein was found to inhibit the viability and motility of A549 cells and induced the breakage of the cytoskeletal actin filament network. In addition, baicalein significantly decreased the formation of VM and downregulated the expressions of VM-associated factors, such as VE-cadherin, EphA2, MMP14, MMP2, MMP9, PI3K and LAMC2, similar to the effects of ROCK inhibitors. Indeed, baicalein inhibited RhoA/ROCK expression in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the underlying mechanisms of reduced VM formation. Collectively, baicalein suppressed the formation of VM in NSCLC by targeting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, indicating that baicalein might serve as an emerging drug for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, and
| | - Li Nong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Menglei Chen
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, and
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, and
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, and
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, and
| | - Wenwu Cheng
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China, and
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17
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Huang L, Peng B, Nayak Y, Wang C, Si F, Liu X, Dou J, Xu H, Peng G. Baicalein and Baicalin Promote Melanoma Apoptosis and Senescence via Metabolic Inhibition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:836. [PMID: 32984331 PMCID: PMC7477299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common and dangerous skin cancers with a high rate of death every year. Furthermore, N-RAS and B-RAF mutations in melanoma cells increase the difficulties for clinical treatment in patients. Therefore, development of effective and universal drugs against melanoma is urgently needed. Here we demonstrate that baicalein and baicalin, the active components of the Chinese traditional medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can significantly inhibit melanoma cell growth and proliferation, suppress tumor cell colony formation and migration, as well as induce apoptosis and senescence in melanoma cells. The anti-tumor effects mediated by baicalein and baicalin are independent of N-RAS and B-RAF mutation statuses in melanoma cells. Mechanistically, we identify that the suppression of baicalein and baicalin on melanoma cells is due to inhibition of tumor cell glucose uptake and metabolism by affecting the mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that baicalein and baicalin can suppress tumorigenesis and tumor growth in vivo in the melanoma model. These studies clearly indicate that baicalein and baicalin can control tumor growth and development metabolically and have great potential as novel and universal drugs for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yash Nayak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fusheng Si
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xia Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jie Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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18
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Han Z, He J, Zou M, Chen W, Lv Y, Li Y. Small interfering RNA target for long noncoding RNA PCGEM1 increases the sensitivity of LNCaP cells to baicalein. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2077-2085. [PMID: 32445497 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of long noncoding RNA PCGEM1 siRNA combined with baicalein on prostate cancer LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells transfected with small hairpin RNA lentiviral vector targeting PCGEM1 were constructed and their expression in LNCaP cells was absent. The stable cell line of LNCaP cells infected with LV3-shRNA-PCGEM1 was successfully constructed. In addition, LV3-shRNA-PCGEM1 was able to increase the baicalein-induced inhibitory effects on LNCaP cells, and the susceptibility was 2.3 fold higher than that of baicalein alone. LV3-shRNA-PCGEM1 combined with baicalein also inhibited the colony formation, increased G2 and S phase cells, inhibited the expression of PCGEM1, and induced autophagy of LNCaP cells. In summary, LV3-shRNA-PCGEM1 may improve the sensitivity of LNCaP cells to baicalein, and the molecular mechanism may be associated with the decrease of PCGEM1 expression and the induction of autophagy. Our findings provided an experimental basis for the combined treatment of Chinese traditional and Western medicine on prostate cancer in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoxian Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubing Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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19
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Gao Z, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Lv J. Baicalein inhibits the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by downregulating the expression of transcription factor Sp1. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:273-282. [PMID: 31746368 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, accounts for >90% of all diagnosed oral cancer cases. Baicalein, a naturally derived compound, has been shown to alter p65 and the nuclear factor (NF)‑κB pathway, thus exerting cytotoxic effects on various tumor cell types. However, the mechanism of action of baicalein in OSCC has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the proliferation of OSCC cells treated with baicalein was examined using a CCK‑8 assay. The effects of baicalein on the cell cycle and apoptosis of OSCC cells were determined by flow cytometric analyses. The expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), p65 and p50 at the mRNA and protein levels was determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that baicalein suppresses the proliferation of OSCC cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Baicalein also induced apoptosis of OSCC cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Baicalein inhibited the expression of Sp1, p65 and p50 by downregulating the relative mRNA levels. Baicalein reduced the activity of NF‑κB in OSCC cells. Knockdown of Sp1 also resulted in reduced expression of p65 and p50. In addition, Sp1 silencing enhanced the effects of baicalein. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that baicalein suppresses the growth of OSCC cells through an Sp1/NF‑κB‑dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Gao
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lv
- Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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20
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Yi L, Yu J, Han L, Li T, Yang H, Huang C. Combination of baicalein and ethanol-wet-bonding improves dentin bonding durability. J Dent 2019; 90:103207. [PMID: 31586587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the potential of baicalein combined with ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) in improving dentin bonding durability. METHODS Sixty caries-free human third molars were randomly allocated into four groups and pretreated with solutions after sectioning and polishing. The pretreatments were prepared via dissolving baicalein in ethanol at concentrations of 0, 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% (w/v). Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) test, failure mode analysis and interfacial nanoleakage evaluation were conducted immediately or after thermocycling or 1 month of collagenase aging. In situ zymography, contact angle, antibacterial activity and bioactivity were comprehensively assessed. RESULTS Results demonstrated that the three experimental groups exhibited higher MTBS and lower nanoleakage expression regardless of aging. MMP activity within hybrid layer and Streptococcus. mutans biofilm formation were inhibited in the experimental groups in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalein also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression in human dental pulp cells and resisted adhesive-induced cytotoxicity. Baicalein exhibited remarkable capabilities at concentrations higher than 0.05% (w/v). CONCLUSION Baicalein is a prospective candidate as bioactive dentin bonding agent. Combined with EWB, baicalein may form a functional bonding interface, thereby enhancing dentin bond strength and durability. SIGNIFICANCE Joint efforts by baicalein and EWB provides a novel therapeutic strategy for obtaining ideal adhesive-dentin interface and prolonging the longevity of restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Yi
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Han
- CR&WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Lanzhou Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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21
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Vinh PT, Shinohara Y, Yamada A, Duc HM, Nakayama M, Ozawa T, Sato J, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Baicalein Inhibits Stx1 and 2 of EHE: Effects of Baicalein on the Cytotoxicity, Production, and Secretion of Shiga Toxins of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090505. [PMID: 31470657 PMCID: PMC6784239 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important foodborne pathogen. Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxylflavone), a flavone isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, is considered as a potential antibacterial agent to control foodborne pathogens. Among seven compounds selected by in silico screening of the natural compound database, baicalein inhibited the cytotoxicity of both Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) against Vero cells after pretreatment at 0.13 mmol/L. In addition, baicalein reduced the susceptibility of Vero cells to both Stx1 and Stx2. Real-time qPCR showed that baicalein increased transcription of stx1 but not of stx2. However, baicalein had no effects on production or secretion of Stx1 or Stx2. Docking models suggested that baicalein formed a stable structure with StxB pentamer with low intramolecular energy. The results demonstrate that inhibitory activity of baicalein against the cytotoxicity of both Stx1 and Stx2 might be due to of the formation of a binding structure inside the pocket of the Stx1B and Stx2B pentamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Thi Vinh
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yui Shinohara
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamada
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motokazu Nakayama
- Global R&D-Safty Science, Kao Corporation, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Ozawa
- Bioscience Research, Kao Corporation, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Global R&D-Safty Science, Kao Corporation, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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22
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Tan Y, Hou L, Zhou Y, Mo Z. Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Viability and Tumor Growth by Benzoximemethyl Amine Through Apoptosis. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.716.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Liang W, Guo B, Ye J, Liu H, Deng W, Lin C, Zhong X, Wang L. Vasorin stimulates malignant progression and angiogenesis in glioma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2558-2572. [PMID: 31215106 PMCID: PMC6676100 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, the most common human primary brain tumor, is characterized by invasive capabilities and angiogenesis. Vasorin (VASN), a transmembrane protein, is reported to be associated with vascular injury repair and is overexpressed in some human tumors. However, its role in tumor progression and angiogenesis in glioma is unknown. In this study, VASN was shown to be overexpressed in high‐grade gliomas, and the expression level correlated with tumor grade and microvessel density in glioma specimens. Glioma patients with high VASN expression had a shorter overall survival time. Knockdown of VASN in glioma cells by shRNA significantly inhibited the malignancy of glioma, including cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and sphere formation. Ectopic expression of VASN increased glioma progression in vitro. The expression of VASN correlated with the mesenchymal type of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) subtyped by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Our results showed that the concentration of VASN was increased in the conditioned medium (CM) from glioma cells with VASN overexpression, and the CM from glioma cells with knockdown or overexpressed VASN inhibited or promoted HUVEC migration and tubulogenesis in vitro, respectively. Glioma growth and angiogenesis were stimulated upon ectopic expression of VASN in vivo. The STAT3 and NOTCH pathways were found to be activated and inhibited by VASN overexpression. Our findings suggest that VASN stimulates tumor progression and angiogenesis in glioma, and, as such, represents a novel therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Liang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiecheng Ye
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanying Deng
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenli Lin
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyun Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Ma Z, Zhang B, Fan Y, Wang M, Kebebe D, Li J, Liu Z. Traditional Chinese medicine combined with hepatic targeted drug delivery systems: A new strategy for the treatment of liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109128. [PMID: 31234023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are clinically common and present a substantial public health issue. Many of the currently available drugs for the treatment of liver diseases suffer from limitations that include low hepatic distribution, lack of target effects, poor in vivo stability and adverse effects on other organs. Consequently, conventional treatment of hepatic diseases is ineffective. TCM is commonly used in the treatment of liver diseases worldwide, particularly in China, and has advantages over conventional therapy. HTDDS can be designed to enhance clinical efficacy in the treatment of liver diseases. We have conducted an extensive review of 335 studies reported since 1964. These included about 166 references involving the treatment of liver diseases with TCM (covering active components of TCM, single TCM and Chinese medicine formulas), 169 reports on HTDDS and background studies on liver-related diseases. Here we review the long history of TCM in the treatment of liver diseases.We have also reviewed the status of studies on active components of TCM using nanotechnology-based targeted delivery systems to provide support for further research and development of TCM-based targeted preparations for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Jiawei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Wang Y, Yin S, Zhou Y, Zhou W, Chen T, Wu Q, Zhou L, Zheng S. Dual-function of Baicalin in nsPEFs-treated Hepatocytes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells for Different Death Pathway and Mitochondrial Response. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1271-1282. [PMID: 31588193 PMCID: PMC6775272 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) is emerged as a potential curative modality to ablate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The application of local ablation is usually limited by insufficiency of liver function. While baicalin, a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been proven to possess both anti-tumor and protective effects. Our study aimed to estimate different responses of hepatic cancer cells and hepatocytes to the combination of nsPEFs and baicalin. Cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by CCK-8, FCM, JC-1 and fluorescent probe, respectively. After treatment by nsPEFs, most hepatocytes died by apoptosis, nevertheless, nearly all cancer cells were killed through necrosis. Low concentration of baicalin synergically enhanced nsPEFs-induced suppression and necrosis of HCC cells, nevertheless, the application of baicalin protected normal hepatocytes from the injury caused by nsPEFs, owing to elevating mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reducing ROS generation. Our work provided an advantageous therapy for HCC through the enhanced combination treatment of nsPEFs and baicalin, with which could improve the tumor-ablation effect and alleviate the injury of hepatic tissues simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Wuhua Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.,Department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Qinchuan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
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26
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Lee J, Ahn E, Kim SY, Shin Y, Ahn S, Sung J, Kim H, Cho E, Jung S, Park S. Inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-cyclodextrin with baicalein restore collagen synthesis in fibroblast cells following ultraviolet exposure. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4032-4043. [PMID: 30269381 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid, has poor water solubility, thereby limiting its use in a wide range of biological applications. In the present study, we used inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with baicalein to enhance the stability and solubility of baicalein in aqueous solution. We examined the effects of inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-CD on collagen synthesis following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, as well as the mechanisms underlying its effects. Our findings demonstrated that baicalein significantly restored collagen synthesis in the UV-exposed human fibroblast Hs68 cells. In addition, synthetic cysteine functionalized β-CDs were found to promote baicalein-induced collagen synthesis. Inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-CDs with baicalein significantly upregulated the protein expression of type I collagen and activated the transcription of type I, II, and III collagen. Inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-CDs with baicalein also downregulated matrix metalloproteinase -1 and -3, and α-smooth muscle actin expression. In addition, inclusion complexes of cysteinyl β-CDs with baicalein attenuated the expression of caveolin-1, but this treatment enhanced the UV-induced phosphorylation of Smad in the transforming growth factor-β pathway. These results suggested that the newly synthesized derivative of CD can be used as a complexing agent to enhance the bioavailability of flavonoids such as baicalein, especially in restoring collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eunsook Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Y Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujeong Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiha Sung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwanhee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunho Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Systems Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology Research in UBITA (CBRU), Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (UBITA), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Wang H, Li H, Chen F, Luo J, Gu J, Wang H, Wu H, Xu Y. Baicalin extracted from Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis) induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by regulating B cell lymphoma
(Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein and activating caspase-3 and caspase-9. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018; 37:229-5. [PMID: 29960296 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of baicalin in human gastric cancer cells, including apoptosis-inducing
effects, and to investigate its underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed to investigate the anti-proliferation effects of baicalin in human gastric cancer BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells. Real time-quantitative
polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis were performed to elucidate the molecular
mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor properties of baicalin. RESULTS In BGC-823 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells treated with 80, 120, and 160 μmol/L baicalin
for 48 h, a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay showed that
baicalin significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, while flow cytometric
analysis demonstrated that baicalin could induce apoptosis, also in a dose-dependent manner.
Moreover, baicalin up-regulated the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, and B cell lymphoma
(Bcl-2)-associated X protein and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 at both the mRNA and
protein level. CONCLUSION Baicalin has potential as a therapeutic
agent for gastric cancer by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Song L, Chen X, Wang P, Gao S, Qu C, Liu L. Effects of baicalein on pancreatic cancer stem cells via modulation of sonic Hedgehog pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:586-596. [PMID: 29697746 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in cancer stem cells (CSCs). A seven-herb Chinese medicinal formula composed of Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu, Oldenlandia diffusa (Wild) Roxb, Scutellaria barbata D. Don, Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak and Amomum cardamomum L, i.e. Qingyihuaji (QYHJ) formula, has been shown to inhibit proliferation of pancreatic CSCs by inhibiting Shh signaling pathway and thereby prolong the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that baicalein is one of the major compounds of QYHJ formula. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Shh pathway in pancreatic cancer and to examine the molecular mechanisms of baicalein involved in pancreatic cancer treatment. We examined the effects of baicalein on pancreatic CSCs both in vivo and in vitro. The results indicated that baicalein attenuated the pluripotency of pancreatic CSCs. Then, we investigated the underlying mechanism and found that nuclear transcription factors, such as Sox-2 and Oct-4 as well as members in Shh signaling pathway, e.g. SHH, SMO, and Gli-2, were downregulated after baicalein treatment. Furthermore, silencing Gli-2 expression by small interfering RNA decreased Sox-2 expression and blocked the inhibitory effects of baicalein, suggesting that the effects of baicalein may be mediated through inhibition of Shh pathway. Our results suggested that baicalein, an active compound in QYHJ formula, could suppress the self-renewal of pancreatic CSCs through inhibition of Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Song
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Luming Liu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Long C, Guo W, Sun X. Baicalein inhibits growth of Epstein-Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma by repressing the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:1003-1014. [PMID: 29710517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can establish a life-long latent infection in the host and is associated with various human malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the most common cancer originated from nasopharynx. EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein absolutely demanded for segregation, replication, transcription and maintenance of EBV viral genome in host cells. Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid compound purified from the root of Scutellariae baicaleinsis, displays anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-tumor properties. In this study, the therapeutic effects and functional mechanism of baicalein on EBV-positive human NPC were determined. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and cell formation colony were performed to investigate that baicalein can suppress proliferation of EBV-infected human NPC cells. Flow cytometric and hoechst 33258 staining results indicated that baicalein induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting results demonstrated that baicalein down-regulates EBNA1 expression but not reduces the stability and half-life of EBNA1 in EBV-infected NPC cells. Additionally, the mRNA level of EBNA1 was examined by real time-PCR, the activity of EBNA1 Q promoter (Qp) was determined by dual luciferase reporter assay. Considering that transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) can maintain EBNA1 Qp active. Further analyses also elucidated that baicalein inhibits the expression of Sp1 while knock-down Sp1 by specific shRNAs decreases the expression and transcription levels of EBNA1. Therefore, the results suggested that baicalein may decrease EBNA1 expression level in EBV-positive NPC cells via inhibiting the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter while over-expression of EBNA1 attenuate the inhibitory effect of baicalein. Finally, it was found that baicalein may strongly reduce growth of tumor in the mouse xenograft model of EBV-positive NPC. These results indicated that baicalein inhibits growth of EBV-positive NPC by repressing the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter. Baicalein may be used as a therapeutic agent to treat EBV-positive NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Cong Long
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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30
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Wang Q, Xu H, Zhao X. Baicalin Inhibits Human Cervical Cancer Cells by Suppressing Protein Kinase C/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (PKC/STAT3) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1955-1961. [PMID: 29610452 PMCID: PMC5896362 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like other human cancers, the malignancy of cervical cancer is also characterized by abilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion. Protein kinase C-zeta (PKCζ) has been highly correlated with several human cancers. Baicalin was proven to regulate PKC. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effect and involved molecular mechanisms of baicalin on human cervical cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Baicalin at various concentrations was used to treat 2 human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and SiHa. The proliferation was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenylterazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis was detected by terminal transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate the migration and invasion respectively. Western blotting was performed to assess the protein expression levels. RESULTS Baicalin administration significantly reduced the viability by facilitating the apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cells. Baicalin treatment also significantly reduced the wound closure and cell amount invaded as measured by Transwell assay. The expression levels of PKCζ, survivin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9 as well as the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 were reduced in baicalin administrated cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin exerted anti-cancer effects on human cervical cancer cells by targeting STAT3 regulated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Haiou Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Xiang D, Yang JY, Zhang CL, Liu D. Research progress on baicalin in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:378-383. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i6.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown special therapeutic effects for HCC. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has antipyretic and hepatoprotective effects, and baicalin, the main active compound of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been widely reported for the treatment of HCC in recent years. The mechanisms of baicalin for inhibition of liver cancer growth involve inducing cancer cell apoptosis and differentiation, inhibiting protein synthesis and cancer cell migration, interfering with intercellular communication, reversing tumor drug resistance and so on. In addition, baicalin combined with traditional chemotherapeutic drugs or other anti-cancer TCMs has been demonstrated to exert good synergistic activity for HCC treatment. Based on the in vivo absorption characteristics and molecular structure of baicalin, researchers have developed solid lipid nanoparticles and metal-ion complexes of baicalin, which provides new insights into the use of baicalin in targeted therapy and improves anti-cancer effects. In this paper, we will review the recent advances in research of baicalin in the treatment of baicalin.
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Malvicini M, Gutierrez-Moraga A, Rodriguez MM, Gomez-Bustillo S, Salazar L, Sunkel C, Nozal L, Salgado A, Hidalgo M, Lopez-Casas PP, Novella JL, Vaquero JJ, Alvarez-Builla J, Mora A, Gidekel M, Mazzolini G. A Tricin Derivative from Deschampsia antarctica Desv. Inhibits Colorectal Carcinoma Growth and Liver Metastasis through the Induction of a Specific Immune Response. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:966-976. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yu X, Tang W, Yang Y, Tang L, Dai R, Pu B, Feng C, Xia J. Long noncoding RNA NKILA enhances the anti-cancer effects of baicalein in hepatocellular carcinoma via the regulation of NF-κB signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 285:48-58. [PMID: 29481769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Baicalein, a principle flavonoid, has shown attractive anti-cancer effects on HCC. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and influencing factors contributing to the anti-cancer effects of baicalein on HCC are still largely unknown. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to be fascinating therapeutic targets for cancers. The roles of NF-κB Interacting LncRNA (NKILA) are recently explored in several cancers. However, the expressions, clinical significances, roles and action mechanisms of NKILA in the anti-cancer effects of baicalein on HCC are unknown. In this study, we found that NKILA is down-regulated in HCC and reduced expression of NKILA indicts poor survival of HCC patients. Functional assays showed that overexpression of NKILA enhances the roles of baicalein on HCC cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, and migration inhibition in vitro and tumor growth suppression in vivo. Conversely, knockdown of NKILA suppresses the effects of baicalein. Mechanistically, we found that NKILA inhibits IκBα phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and NF-κB activity. NKILA also enhances the inhibitory effects of baicalein on NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, the effects of NKILA on baicalein-induced NF-κB activity inhibition, cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and migration inhibition are reversed by NF-κB nuclear translocation inhibitor JSH-23. Collectively, our data demonstrated that NKILA enhances the anti-cancer effects of baicalein on HCC in vitro and in vivo via the regulation of NF-κB signaling, and implied that the combination of NKILA and baicalein would be potential therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yingcheng Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Li Tang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Bangming Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chunhong Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Jiyi Xia
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Cheng CS, Chen J, Tan HY, Wang N, Chen Z, Feng Y. Scutellaria baicalensis and Cancer Treatment: Recent Progress and Perspectives in Biomedical and Clinical Studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:25-54. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin in Chinese) is a major traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb, which has a long history of use in the treatment of a variety of symptoms correlated with cancer. In the past decade, the potential of S. baicalensis and single compounds derived from it as anticancer agents targeting various pathways has received extensive research attention. Specifically, the proliferation and metastases inhibiting properties of the single compounds in cancer have been studied; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the various mechanisms, pathways and molecular targets involved in the anticancer activity of S. baicalensis and its single compounds. However, the aim of this review is to provide a more thorough view of the last 10 years to link traditional use with modern research and to highlight recently discovered molecular mechanisms. Extracts and major flavonoids derived from S. baicalensis have been found to possess anticancer effects in multiple cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to discover novel targets and cancer therapeutic drugs that may improve both the survival and quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Yao X, Tang H, Ren Q, Zhao X, Zuo H, Li Z. Inhibited effects of CAPE- pNO 2 on cervical carcinoma in vivo and in vitro and its detected metabolites. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94197-94209. [PMID: 29212221 PMCID: PMC5706867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced cervical cancer therapies is a particularly urgent need due to the strong side effects and toxicities of current treatments. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) exhibits broad-spectrum antitumor activities and little toxicity or side effects. In our previous study, caffeic acid para-nitro phenethyl ester (CAPE-pNO2) significantly improved the effect of anti-platelet aggregation and attenuated myocardial ischemia. Based on this finding, we aimed to further explore the antitumor activity of CAPE-pNO2 in cervical cancer cells and tumor xenografts. In addition, we assessed the biotransformation of CAPE-pNO2 in cervical cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that both CAPE and CAPE-pNO2 can inhibit cell proliferation via the induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest. More importantly, CAPE-pNO2 dramatically induced cell apoptosis via significant down-regulation of pro-caspase-3, pro-caspase-9, Bcl-2, Cyclin B1 and Cdc2 and up-regulation of cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, CytoC and P21Cip1. Moreover, CAPE and CAPE-pNO2 significantly suppressed the growth and angiogenesis of nude mice xenografts. CAPE and CAPE-pNO2 were found to degrade into four and six metabolites, respectively. The metabolites of CAPE and CAPE-pNO2 were different, and the major metabolic pathway may be phase II reactions. These results suggest that CAPE-pNO2 induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via a strong regulatory effect on relevant apoptotic proteins. Therefore, CAPE-pNO2 should be further studied as a potent anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.,International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Hao Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qiao Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hua Zuo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhubo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Baicalein: A review of its anti-cancer effects and mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1285-1291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Baicalein is a Chinese traditional medicine that inhibits tumor migration and growth. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) have a high incidence in China, but there are still no effective treatments. The aim of our study was to investigate whether baicalein could inhibit pNETs. METHODS In vitro, we used BON1-a cell line of pNETs-to analyze the apoptosis and migration and invasion after baicalein treatment via flow cytometry and Western blot. In vivo, we used a xenograft tumors model to evaluate the size of tumors after baicalein treatment. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of apoptosis and migration-related protein. RESULTS In vitro, the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay showed that baicalein decreased BON1 viability, and flow cytometry demonstrated that baicalein induced BON1 apoptosis and protein changes. In addition, baicalein inhibited BON1 migration and invasion as shown via a Transwell assay. In vivo, baicalein inhibited tumor growth and migration and also increased apoptosis-related protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein could increase caspase-3 and Bax expression and decrease survivin and Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis. It inhibits migration and invasion by decreasing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9.
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Anti-colon cancer effect of caffeic acid p-nitro-phenethyl ester in vitro and in vivo and detection of its metabolites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7599. [PMID: 28790461 PMCID: PMC5548715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), extracted from propolis, was proven to inhibit colon cancer. Caffeic acid p-nitro-phenethyl ester (CAPE-pNO2), a derivative of CAPE, was determined to be an anti-platelet agent and a protector of myocardial ischaemia with more potent effects. In the present study, CAPE-pNO2 showed stronger cytotoxic activity than CAPE. We revealed interactions between CAPE-pNO2 and experimental cells. CAPE-pNO2 induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells by up-regulating P53, cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, P38 and CytoC; CAPE-pNO2 also up-regulated P21Cip1 and P27Kip1 and down-regulated CDK2 and c-Myc to promote cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. In xenograft studies, CAPE-pNO2 remarkably suppressed tumour growth dose dependently and decreased the expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in tumour tissue. Moreover, HE staining showed that no observable toxicity was found in the heart, liver, kidney and spleen. In addition, metabolites of CAPE-pNO2 in HT-29 cells and organs were detected. In conclusion, para-nitro may enhance the anticancer effect of CAPE by inhibiting colon cancer cell viability, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via the P53 pathway and inhibiting tumour growth and reducing tumour invasion by decreasing the expression of VEGF; additionally, metabolites of CAPE-pNO2 showed differences in cells and organs.
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Lu ZH, Peng JH, Zhang RX, Wang F, Sun HP, Fang YJ, Wan DS, Pan ZZ. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits colon cancer cell viability by inducing apoptosis through up-regulation of PPARγ expression. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:372-376. [PMID: 29472793 PMCID: PMC5816000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin on the colon cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. The results from MTT assay revealed a concentration and time dependent relation between the inhibition of SW 948 cell viability and dihydroartemisinin addition. The viability of SW 948 cells was reduced to 45 and 24% on treatment with 30 and 50 µM, respectively concentrations of dihydroartemisinin after 48 h. Morphological examination of SW 948 cells showed attainment of rounded shape and cluster formation on treatment with dihydroartemisinin. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in the activation of caspase-3 and expression of cleaved PARP by dihydroartemisinin treatment. The activation of PPARγ was increased significantly in SW 948 cells by treatment with dihydroartemisinin. Compared to control, the migration potential of SW 948 cells was reduced significantly (p < 0.005) and the expression levels of MMP-2 and -9 inhibited by dihydroartemisinin at 50 µM concentration. In the dihydroartemisinin treatment group colon tumor formation was significantly inhibited on treatment with 20 mg/kg doses of dihydroartemisinin after 30 days. Therefore, dihydroartemisinin inhibits colon cancer growth by inducing apoptosis and increasing the expression of PPARγ. Thus dihydroartemisinin can be used for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Cente, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Hong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Cente, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Xin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Cente, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Fulong Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Cente, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Ping Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Cente, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Cente, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Sen Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Cente, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Cente, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
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Chai Y, Xu J, Yan B. The anti-metastatic effect of baicalein on colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2317-2323. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Huang WS, Kuo YH, Kuo HC, Hsieh MC, Huang CY, Lee KC, Lee KF, Shen CH, Tung SY, Teng CC. CIL-102-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Upregulation of p21 and GADD45. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168989. [PMID: 28068431 PMCID: PMC5221879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CIL-102 (1-[4-(furo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ylamino)phenyl]ethanone) is a well-known, major active agent of the alkaloid derivative of Camptotheca acuminata with valuable biological properties, including anti-tumorigenic activity. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which CIL-102 mediated the induction of cell death, and we performed cell cycle G2/M arrest to clarify molecular changes in colorectal cancer cells (CRC). Treatment of DLD-1 cells with CIL-102 resulted in triggering the extrinsic apoptosis pathway through the activation of Fas-L, caspase-8 and the induction of Bid cleavage and cytochrome c release in a time-dependent manner. In addition, CIL-102 mediated apoptosis and G2/M arrest by phosphorylation of the Jun N-terminus kinase (JNK1/2) signaling pathway. This resulted in the expression of NFκB p50, p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) levels, and in the induction of p21 and GADD45 as well as the decreased association of cdc2/cyclin B. Furthermore, treatment with the JNK1/2 (SP600125), NFκB (PDTI) or the p300/CBP (C646) inhibitors abolished CIL-102-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and reversed the association of cdc2 with cyclin B. Therefore, we demonstrated that there was an increase in the cellular levels of p21 and GADD45 by CIL-102 reduction in cell viability and cell cycle arrest via the activation of the JNK1/2, NFκB p50, p300 and CBP signaling modules. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CIL-102 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of colon cancer cells by upregulating p21 and GADD45 expression and by activating JNK1/2, NFκB p50 and p300 to provide a new mechanism for CIL-102 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shih Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Kuo
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chiao Hsieh
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Shen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Teng
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Gong WY, Zhao ZX, Liu BJ, Lu LW, Dong JC. Exploring the chemopreventive properties and perspectives of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein in solid tumors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:844-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Park S. Cyclic Glucans Enhance Solubility of Bioavailable Flavonoids. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111556. [PMID: 27854350 PMCID: PMC6273393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse flavonoids are abundant in dietary food constituents and possess useful biological activities. However, some flavonoids have limited bioavailability due to their low solubility in water. As an important approach to enhance aqueous solubility, inclusion of hydrophobic guest molecules in hydrophilic hosts such as cyclic glucans has been used. This review summarizes applications of β-cyclodextrin, synthetic β-cyclodextrin derivatives, and newly synthesized derivatives of cyclosophoraoses as complexing agents to enhance the bioavailability of flavonoids such as baicalein, kaempferol, and naphthoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714, Korea.
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Yu R, Lv Y, Wang J, Pan N, Zhang R, Wang X, Yu H, Tan L, Zhao Y, Li B. Baicalin promotes cholesterol efflux by regulating the expression of SR-BI in macrophages. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:4113-4120. [PMID: 28105139 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intake of a high dosage of baicalin has previously been shown to attenuate hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet. Baicalin functions as an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which is the key regulator of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that baicalin could promote cholesterol efflux in macrophages through activating PPAR-γ. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated THP-1 cells were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and (3H)-cholesterol for 24 h, and the effects of baicalin on cholesterol efflux were evaluated in the presence of apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), or high-density lipoprotein subfraction 2 (HDL2) or subfraction 3 (HDL3). The expression levels of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), PPAR-γ and liver X receptor-α (LXRα) were detected and specific inhibitors or activators of SR-BI, PPAR-γ and LXRα were applied to investigate the mechanism. Treatment of THP-1 macrophages with baicalin significantly accelerated HDL-mediated, but not ApoA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux. However, baicalin treatment increased the expression of SR-BI at the mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and pre-treatment with the SR-BI inhibitor BLT-1 and SR-BI small interfering RNA significantly inhibited baicalin-induced cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, baicalin increased the expression of PPAR-γ and LXRα, and the application of specific agonists and inhibitors of PPAR-γ and LXRα changed the expression of SR-BI, as well as cholesterol efflux. It may be concluded that baicalin induced cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages via the PPAR-γ/LXRα/SR-BI pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Yuexia Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Juanling Wang
- Clinical Skill Training Center, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Nana Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Xiaxia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Haichu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
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Liu H, Dong Y, Gao Y, Du Z, Wang Y, Cheng P, Chen A, Huang H. The Fascinating Effects of Baicalein on Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101681. [PMID: 27735841 PMCID: PMC5085714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a major global health problem. In recent decades, the rates of both mortality and morbidity of cancer have rapidly increased for a variety of reasons. Despite treatment options, there are serious side effects associated with chemotherapy drugs and multiple forms of drug resistance that significantly reduce their effects. There is an accumulating amount of evidence on the pharmacological activities of baicalein (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor effects). Furthermore, there has been great progress in elucidating the target mechanisms and signaling pathways of baicalein's anti-cancer potential. The anti-tumor functions of baicalein are mainly due to its capacities to inhibit complexes of cyclins to regulate the cell cycle, to scavenge oxidative radicals, to attenuate mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activities, to induce apoptosis by activating caspase-9/-3 and to inhibit tumorinvasion and metastasis by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9). In this review, we focused on the relevant biological mechanisms of baicalein involved in inhibiting various cancers, such as bladder cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. Moreover, we also summarized the specific mechanisms by which baicalein inhibited the growth of various tumors in vivo. Taken together, baicalein may be developed as a potential, novel anticancer drug to treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yutong Gao
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhipeng Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Anmin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Lee KC, Kuo HC, Shen CH, Lu CC, Huang WS, Hsieh MC, Huang CY, Kuo YH, Hsieh YY, Teng CC, Lee LY, Tung SY. A proteomics approach to identifying novel protein targets involved in erinacine A-mediated inhibition of colorectal cancer cells' aggressiveness. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:588-599. [PMID: 27709782 PMCID: PMC5323879 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erinacine A, a major active component of a diterpenoid derivative isolated from Hericium erinaceus mycelium, has been demonstrated to exert anticancer effects. Herein, we present an investigation of the molecular mechanism of erinacine A induction associated with cancer cells’ aggressive status and death. A proteomic approach was used to purify and identify the differentially expressed proteins following erinacine A treatment and the mechanism of its action in apoptotic and the targets of erinacine A. Our results demonstrate that erinacine A treatment of HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells increased cell cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as decreased cell proliferation and invasiveness. Ten differentially displayed proteins were determined and validated in vitro and in vivo between the erinacine A‐treated and untreated groups. In addition, erinacine A time‐dependent induction of cell death and inhibitory invasiveness was associated with sustained phosphorylation of the PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K and ROCK1/LIMK2/Cofilin pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated that erinacine A–induced HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells viability and anti‐invasion properties by up‐regulating the activation of PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K and production of ROS. Experiments involving specific inhibitors demonstrated that the differential expression of cofilin‐1 (COFL1) and profilin‐1 (PROF1) during erinacine A treatment could be involved in the mechanisms of HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells death and decreased aggressiveness, which occurred via ROCK1/LIMK2/Cofilin expression, with activation of the PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. These findings elucidate the mechanism of erinacine A inhibiting the aggressive status of cells by activating PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K downstream signalling and the novel protein targets COF1 and PROF1; this could be a good molecular strategy to limit the aggressiveness of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Shen
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Lu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shih Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chiao Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Kuo
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Teng
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ya Lee
- Grape King Biotechnology Inc (Grape King Bio Ltd.), Zhong-Li, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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The Association of CXC Receptor 4 Mediated Signaling Pathway with Oxaliplatin-Resistant Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159927. [PMID: 27668882 PMCID: PMC5036794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. In addition, metastatic CRC remains one of the most difficult human malignancies to treat because of its chemoresistant behavior. However, the mechanism by which correlation occurs between CXCR4 and the clinical response of CRC to chemotherapy remains unknown. We generated chemoresistant cells with increasing doses of oxaliplatin (OXA) and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) to develop resistance at a clinical dose. We found that the putative markers did not change in the parental cells, but HCT-116/OxR and HCT-116/5-FUR were more aggressive and had higher tumor growth (demonstrated by wound healing, chemotaxis assay, and a nude mice xenograft model) with the use of oxaliplatin. Apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin treatment was significantly decreased in HCT-116/OxR compared to the parental cells. Moreover, HCT-116/OxR cells displayed increased levels of p-gp, p-Akt p-ERK, p-IKBβ, CXCR4, and Bcl-2, but they also significantly inhibited the apoptotic pathways when compared to the parental strain. We evaluated the molecular mechanism governing the signaling pathway associated with anti-apoptosis activity and the aggressive status of chemoresistant cells. Experiments involving specific inhibitors demonstrated that the activation of the pathways associated with CXCR4, ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt is critical to the functioning of the HCT-116/OxR and HCT-116/5-FUR characteristics of chemosensitivity. These findings elucidate the mechanism of CXCR4/PI3K/Akt downstream signaling and provide strategies to inhibit CXCR4 mediated signaling pathway in order to overcome CRC's resistance to chemotherapy.
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Abstract
The constituents of many traditional Chinese herbal remedies are currently at the forefront of modern cancer research. Baicalein, a bioactive flavone widely used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, has shown great potential in the treatment and prevention of cancer without causing severe side effects. Baicalein induces cancer cell apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest. It shows inhibitory effects on angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation, all of which are necessary for the promotion and progression of cancer. This review presents an overview of the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of baicalein. In addition, the bioavailability of baicalein and approaches to improve it are summarized. Treatments of baicalein in combination with other anti-cancer agents are also mentioned.
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Hericium erinaceus mycelium and its isolated erinacine A protection from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the ER stress, triggering an apoptosis cascade. J Transl Med 2016; 14:78. [PMID: 26988860 PMCID: PMC4797317 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hericium erinaceus is an edible mushroom; its various pharmacological effects which have been investigated. This study aimed to demonstrate whether efficacy of oral administration of H. erinaceus mycelium (HEM) and its isolated diterpenoid derivative, erinacine A, can act as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent to bring about neuroprotection using an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, which results in motor disturbances, in addition to elucidating the mechanisms involved. Methods Mice were treated with and without HEM or erinacine A, after MPTP injection for brain injuries by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. The efficacy of oral administration of HEM improved MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons and brain impairment in the substantia nigra pars compacta as measured by brain histological examination. Results Treatment with HEM reduced MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell loss, apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress, as well as the level of glutathione, nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Furthermore, HEM reversed MPTP-associated motor deficits, as revealed by the analysis of rotarod assessment. Our results demonstrated that erinacine A decreases the impairment of MPP-induced neuronal cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis, which were accompanied by ER stress-sustained activation of the IRE1α/TRAF2, JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways, the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), IKB-β and NF-κB, as well as Fas and Bax. Conclusion These physiological and brain histological changes provide HEM neuron-protective insights into the progression of Parkinson’s disease, and this protective effect seems to exist both in vivo and in vitro.
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Synergistic Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Regulating Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1490738. [PMID: 27042656 PMCID: PMC4793102 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1490738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment is like a relationship between the “seeds” and “soil,” which is a hotspot in recent cancer research. Targeting at tumor microenvironment as well as tumor cells has become a new strategy for cancer treatment. Conventional cancer treatments mostly focused on single targets or single mechanism (the seeds or part of the soil); few researches intervened in the whole tumor microenvironment and achieved ideal therapeutic effect as expected. Traditional Chinese medicine displays a broad range of biological effects, and increasing evidence has shown that it may relate with synergistic effect on regulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. Based on literature review and our previous studies, we summarize the synergistic effect and the molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine on regulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells.
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