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Pereira Almeida FD, Bandeira de Carvalho C, Mendes Barros AR, Amancio Frutuoso FK, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Aerobic granulation and resource production under continuous and intermittent saline stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142402. [PMID: 38777193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Three sequential batch reactors (SBR) were operated to evaluate salt addition's impact on granulation, performance, and biopolymer production in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems. System R1 was fed without adding salt (control); system R2 operated with saline pulses, i.e., one cycle with salt (2.5 g NaCl/L) addition followed by another without salt; and R3 received continuous supplementation of 2.5 g NaCl/L. The results indicated that the reactors supplemented with salt presented higher concentrations of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and better settleability than R1, showing that osmotic pressure contributed to biomass growth, accelerated granulation, and improved physical characteristics. The faster granulation occurred in R2, thus proving the beneficial effects of intermittent salt addition through alternating pulses. Salt addition did not impair the simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. In fact, R2 showed better carbon removals. In conclusion, continuous or intermittent (pulsed) supplementation of 2.5 g NaCl/L did not lead to increased production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and alginate-like exopolymers (ALE). This outcome could be attributed to the low saline concentration employed, a higher food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio observed in R1, and possibly greater endogenous consumption of biopolymers in the famine period in R2 and R3 due to the greater solids retention time (SRT). Therefore, this study brings important results that contribute to a better understanding of the effect of salt in continuous dosing or in pulses as a selection pressure strategy to accelerate granulation, as well as the behavior of the AGS systems for saline effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Bandeira de Carvalho
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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2
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Zhao H, Guo Y, Wang X, Sun H, Gao M, Wu C, Li S, Li YY, Wang Q. Exploring the maximum nitrite production rate through the granular sludge-type reactor to match the needs of anammox process realizing efficient nitrogen removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119158. [PMID: 38763279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The reliable and efficient nitrite production rate (NPR) through nitritation process is the prerequisite for the efficient running of subsequent processes, like the anammox process and the nitrite shunt. However, there has been scant research on stable and productive nitritation process in recent years. In this study, at a stable hydraulic retention time of 12.0 h and with precise and strict DO control, the upper limit of the NPR was initially investigated using a continuous-flow granular sludge reactor. The NPR of 1.69 kg/m3/d with a nitrite production efficiency of 81.97% was finally achieved, which set a record until now in similar research. The median sludge particle size of 270.0 μm confirmed the development of clearly defined granular sludge. The genus Nitrosomonas was the major ammonium oxidizing bacteria. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for the practical application of the effective nitritation process driving subsequent nitrogen removal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
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3
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Gan Y, Gong B, Huang X, Fang F, Peng T, Liu Z. Response of aerobic granular sludge under acute inhibition by polystyrene microplastics: Activity, aggregation performance, and microbial analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123923. [PMID: 38580060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the activity, aggregation performance, microbial community and functional proteins of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in response to acute inhibition by different concentrations of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) were investigated. As the PS-MPs concentration increased from 0 mg/L to 200 mg/L, the specific nitrogen removal rate and the activity of enzymes were inhibited. The inhibition of specific nitrite reduction rate (SNIRR) and specific nitrate reduction rate (SNRR) was most obvious at the PS-MPs concentration of 100 mg/L, and that of nitrite reductase (NIR) and nitrate reductase (NR) was most obvious at the concentration of 50 mg/L. But the inhibitory effects were mitigated at the concentration of 200 mg/L. The increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indicated that the cells were damaged with the increase of PS-MPs concentration. The content of proteins and polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) decreased, especially the polysaccharides were more affected. Analysis of zeta potential, hydrophobicity and surface thermodynamics of AGS revealed that addition of PS-MPs was unfavorable for AGS aggregation. It was also found that bacteria genera associated with EPS secretion and nitrogen removal functions were inhibited, while functions associated with cell metabolism, protein synthesis and cell repair were enhanced. This also confirmed that acute inhibition of PS-MPs had a detrimental effect on the nitrogen removal and aggregation performance of AGS. This study can provide theoretical support for the operation of AGS reactors under microplastics impact load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Gan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Bingrou Gong
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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4
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Ren Z, Fu R, Sun L, Li H, Bai Z, Tian Y, Zhang G. Unraveling biological behavior and influence of magnetic iron-based nanoparticles in algal-bacterial systems: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169852. [PMID: 38190907 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic iron-based nanoparticles have been found to stimulate algae growth and harvest, repair disintegrated particles and improve stability, and facilitate operation in extreme environments, which help improve the wide application of algal-bacterial technology. Nevertheless, up to now, no literature collected to systematically review the research progress of on the employment of magnetic iron-based nanoparticles in the algal-bacterial system. This review summarizes the special effects (e.g., size effect, surface effect and biological effect) and corresponding properties of magnetic iron-based nanoparticles (e.g., magnetism, adsorption, electricity, etc.), which is closely related to biological effects and algal-bacterial behaviors. Additionally, it was found that magnetic iron-based nanoparticles offer remarkable impacts on improving the growth and metabolism of algal-bacterial consortia and the mechanisms mainly include its possible iron uptake pathways in bacteria and/or algae cells, as well as the magnetic biological effect of magnetic iron-based nanoparticles on algae-bacteria growth. Furthermore, in terms of the mechanism for establishing the algae-bacteria symbiotic relationship, the most recent works reveal that the charge effect, material transfer and signal transmission of magnetic iron-based nanoparticles possess a large array of potential mechanisms by which it can affect the establishment of algal-bacterial symbiosis. This discussion is expected to promote the progress of magnetic iron-based nanoparticles, as an eco-friendly, convenient and cost-effective technology that can be applied in algal-bacterial wastewater treatment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ruiyao Fu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Huixue Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zijia Bai
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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5
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Mills S, Trego AC, Prevedello M, De Vrieze J, O’Flaherty V, Lens PN, Collins G. Unifying concepts in methanogenic, aerobic, and anammox sludge granulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100310. [PMID: 37705860 PMCID: PMC10495608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment technologies. High solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense, spherical aggregates known as granules, which were initially discovered in the 1980s. These granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy conversions. Furthermore, granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) technologies. The mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic, aerobic, and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing research. Although each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation, there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation processes. It is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge types. Identifying these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be formed. Here, we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic, aerobic, and anammox granular sludge, highlighting several common concepts, such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances, cations, and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear force. We have then identified some unique features of each granule type, such as different internal structures, microbial compositions, and quorum sensing systems. Finally, we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology, such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mills
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Anna Christine Trego
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Marco Prevedello
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vincent O’Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Piet N.L. Lens
- University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Gavin Collins
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
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6
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Huang S, Fu Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Zou C, Lu X. Research progress of novel bio-denitrification technology in deep wastewater treatment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1284369. [PMID: 37860138 PMCID: PMC10582329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1284369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen emissions are a major contributor to water pollution, posing a threat not only to the environment but also to human health. Therefore, achieving deep denitrification of wastewater is of significant importance. Traditional biological denitrification methods have some drawbacks, including long processing times, substantial land requirements, high energy consumption, and high investment and operational costs. In contrast, the novel bio-denitrification technology reduces the traditional processing time and lowers operational and maintenance costs while improving denitrification efficiency. This technology falls within the category of environmentally friendly, low-energy deep denitrification methods. This paper introduces several innovative bio-denitrification technologies and their combinations, conducts a comparative analysis of their denitrification efficiency across various wastewater types, and concludes by outlining the future prospects for the development of these novel bio-denitrification technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiuguo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Liu S, Zhou M, Daigger GT, Huang J, Song G. Granule formation mechanism, key influencing factors, and resource recycling in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117771. [PMID: 37004484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The high-efficiency and additionally economic benefits generated from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment have led to its increasing popularity among academics and industrial players. The AGS process can recycle high value-added biomaterials including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), sodium alginate-like external polymer (ALE), polyhydroxyfatty acid (PHA), and phosphorus (P), etc., which can serve various fields including agriculture, construction, and chemical while removing pollutants from wastewaters. The effects of various key operation parameters on formation and structural stability of AGS are comprehensively summarized. The degradable metabolism of typical pollutants and corresponding microbial diversity and succession in the AGS wastewater treatment system are also discussed, especially with a focus on emerging contaminants removal. In addition, recent attempts for potentially effective production of high value-added biomaterials from AGS are proposed, particularly concerning improving the yield, quality, and application of these biomaterials. This review aims to provide a reference for in-depth research on the AGS process, suggesting a new alternative for wastewater treatment recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Miao Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jianping Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Gangfu Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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8
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Cheng L, Wei M, Hu Q, Li B, Li B, Wang W, Abudi ZN, Hu Z. Aerobic granular sludge formation and stability in enhanced biological phosphorus removal system under antibiotics pressure: Performance, granulation mechanism, and microbial successions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131472. [PMID: 37099906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containing antibiotics can pose a significant threat to biological wastewater treatment processes. This study investigated the establishment and stable operation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) under mixed stress conditions induced by tetracycline (TC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ofloxacin (OFL), and roxithromycin (ROX). The results show that the AGS system was efficient in removing TP (98.0%), COD (96.1%), and NH4+-N (99.6%). The average removal efficiencies of the four antibiotics were 79.17% (TC), 70.86% (SMX), 25.73% (OFL), and 88.93% (ROX), respectively. The microorganisms in the AGS system secreted more polysaccharides, which contributed to the reactor's tolerance to antibiotics and facilitated granulation by enhancing the production of protein, particularly loosely bound protein. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that putative phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs)-related genera (Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium) were enormously beneficial to the mature AGS for TP removal. Based on the analysis of extracellular polymeric substances, extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory, and microbial community, a three-stage granulation mechanism was proposed including adaption to the stress environment, formation of early aggregates and maturation of PAOs enriched microbial granules. Overall, the study demonstrated the stability of EBPR-AGS under mixed antibiotics pressure, providing insight into the granulation mechanism and the potential use of AGS for wastewater treatment containing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mingyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qixing Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingtang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zaidun Naji Abudi
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 999048, Iraq
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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9
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Purba LDA, Zahra SA, Yuzir A, Iwamoto K, Abdullah N, Shimizu K, Lei Z, Hermana J. Algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge for real municipal wastewater treatment: Performance, microbial community change and feasibility of lipid recovery. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 333:117374. [PMID: 36758398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite various research works on algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge for wastewater treatment and resource recovery processes, limited information is available on its application in real wastewater treatment in terms of performance, microbial community variation and resource recovery. This study investigated the performance of algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge on real low-strength wastewater treatment in addition to the characterization of microbial community and fatty acid compositions for biodiesel production. The results demonstrated 71% COD, 77% NH4+-N and 31% phosphate removal efficiencies, respectively. In addition, all the water parameters successfully met the effluent standard A, imposed by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. Core microbiome analyses revealed important microbial groups (i.e., Haliangium ochraceum, Burkholderiales and Chitinophagaceae) in bacterial community. Meanwhile the photosynthetic microorganisms, such as Oxyphotobacteria and Trebouxiophyceae dominated the algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge, suggesting their important roles in granulation and wastewater treatment. Up to 12.51 mg/gSS lipid content was recovered from the granules. In addition, fatty acids composition showed high percetages of C16:0 and C18:0, demonstrating high feasibility to be used for biodiesel production application indicated by the cetane number, iodine value and oxidation stability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Dina Amalia Purba
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sasmitha Aulia Zahra
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Yuzir
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Koji Iwamoto
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Ora-gun Itakura Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Joni Hermana
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning and Geoengineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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10
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Sarvajith M, Nancharaiah YV. De novo granulation of sewage-borne microorganisms: A proof of concept on cultivating aerobic granular sludge without activated sludge and effective enhanced biological phosphorus removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115500. [PMID: 36791839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Long start-up periods for granulating activated sludge and concerns on granular stability are the bottlenecks reported during implementation of novel aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Here, de novo granulation of sewage-borne microorganisms without using activated sludge (AS) inoculum was investigated in bench-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Data showed that formation of AGS from sewage-borne microorganisms was rapid and first granules appeared within one week. Granulation was indicated by appearance of biomass particles (size >0.12 mm), high biomass levels (∼8 g/L) and superior settling properties (SVI30 min: 30 mL/g). Granulation process involved distinct stages like formation of aggregates, retention of aggregates, and growth of millimetre sized granules. Simultaneous COD, nitrogen and phosphorous removal was established within 10 days of start-up in the SBR without using AS inoculum. However, phosphorus removal became stable after 50 days of start-up. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removals of 92% and 70%, respectively, were achieved from real domestic wastewater. Furthermore, addition of granular activated carbon (GAC) had improved both granulation and biological nutrient removals. Interestingly, phosphorus removal became quite stable within 10 days of start-up in the SBR operated with GAC particles. TN and TP removals were found to be higher at >98% and >94%, respectively, in GAC-augmented SBR. Removal of ammonia and phosphorus were mediated by nitritation-denitritation and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) pathways, respectively. The bacterial diversity of AGS was lower than that of sewage. Quantitative PCR indicated enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate accumulating organisms during granulation. De novo granulation of sewage-borne microorganisms is a promising approach for rapidly cultivating AGS and establishing biological nutrient removal in sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarvajith
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, WSCD, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam, 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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11
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Liu Z, Wang J, Zhang S, Hou Y, Wang J, Gao M, Chen X, Zhang A, Liu Y, Li Z. Formation characteristics of algal-bacteria granular sludge under low-light environment: From sludge characteristics, extracellular polymeric substances to microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128851. [PMID: 36898567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the formation characteristics of algal-bacteria granular sludge (ABGS) under low-light environment (80, 110, and 140 μmol/m2/s) were investigated. The findings revealed that the stronger light intensity favored the improvement of sludge characteristics, nutrient removal performances, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion at the growing stage, which were more preferential to facilitate the formation of ABGS. However, after the mature stage, the weaker light intensity ensured more stable operation of the system, as shown by contributing to sludge settlement performance, denitrification, and EPS secretion. According to the results of high-throughput sequencing, the dominant bacterial genus of the mature ABGS cultured under low light intensity were all Zoogloe, while the dominant algal genus was different. For the mature ABGS, the 140 and 80 μmol/m2/s light intensity had the most significant activation effect to the functional genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Yulin Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, High-tech Zone Xingda Road, Yulin 719000, China.
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yiwen Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 58, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi an Polytechnic University, Jin Hua Nan Road, No. 19, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xingdu Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
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12
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Omar AH, Muda K, Omoregie AI, Majid ZA, Ali NSBA, Pauzi FM. Enhancement of biogranules development using magnetized powder activated carbon. Biodegradation 2023; 34:235-252. [PMID: 36840891 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Biogranulation has emerged as a viable alternative biological wastewater treatment approach because of its strong biodegradability potential, toxicity tolerance, and biomass retention features. However, this process requires a long duration for biogranules formation to occur. In this study, magnetic powder activated carbon (MPAC) was used as support material in a sequencing batch reactor to enhance biogranules development for wastewater treatment. Two parallel SBRs (designated R1 and R2) were used, with R1 serving as a control without the presence of MPAC while R2 was operated with MPAC. The biodegradability capacity and biomass properties of MPAC biogranules were compared with a control system. The measured diameter of biogranules for R1 and R2 after 8 weeks of maturation were 2.2 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively. The integrity coefficient of the biogranules in R2 was higher (8.3%) than that of R1 (13.4%), indicating that the addition of MPAC improved the structure of the biogranules in R2. The components of extracellular polymeric substances were also higher in R2 than in R1. Scanning electronic microscopy was able to examine the morphological structures of the biogranules which showed there were irregular formations compacted together. However, there were more cavities situated in R1 biogranules (without MPAC) when compared to R2 biogranules (with MPAC). Dye removal reached 65% and 83% in R1 and R2 in the post-development stage. This study demonstrates that the addition of MPAC could shorten and improve biogranules formation. MPAC acted as the support media for microbial growth during the biogranulation developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanis Omar
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Khalida Muda
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Armstrong Ighodalo Omoregie
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaiton Abdul Majid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahidah Binti Aftar Ali
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Pauzi
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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13
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Challenges of aerobic granular sludge utilization: Fast start-up strategies and cationic pollutant removal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13503. [PMID: 36852066 PMCID: PMC9958455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a self-aggregated microorganism consortium with pollutant removal properties. The aim of this work is to study and review the application of aerobic granules for water treatment with special focus on new applications and methodologies. Carbon-nitrogen containing pollutants are the classic targets of AGS technology. Carbon and nitrogen removal of AGS are classified as a biodegradation process. More recently, the AGS granules have been studied as sorbent materials for wastewater treatment. In particular, the sorption of cationic pollutants has been studied through biosorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms without distinguishing when one or the other process is involved. AGS conformation made them suitable for complex wastewater treatment. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated the removal of polyvalent cationic pollutants even with higher capacity than conventional sorbent materials. However, this was achieved almost exclusively for synthetic substrates, with single cation evaluation and using in some cases only qualitative measures. For successful industrial AGS application in complex substrates, it is necessary to evaluate and demonstrate the technology in real industrial conditions and reduce the currently long start-up times which limits its utility. Two new strategies have been proposed: autoinducer molecules and the production of artificial granular from common active sludge with commercial alginate. Finally, the increase of research on AGS cations assimilation properties will allow a new point of view, where granules will be materials for the recovery of valuable metals from industrial wastewater streams.
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14
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Sarvajith M, Nancharaiah Y. Properties of alginate-like exopolymers recovered from flocculent and granular microbial sludges of different biological treatment systems treating real municipal wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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15
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Feasibility Study of Applying Anaerobic Step-Feeding Mode for the Treatment of High-Strength Wastewater in Granular Sequencing Batch Reactors (GSBRs). Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of applying an anaerobic step-feeding strategy to enhance the performance of granular sequencing batch reactors (GSBRs) in terms of operational stability of the cultivated mature granules and nutrient removal efficiencies. Two identical 5 L reactors were operated with a total cycle time of 8 h. GSBRs were operated with high-strength synthetic wastewater (COD = 1250 ± 43, ammonium (NH4-N) = 115.2 ± 4.6, and orthophosphate (PO4-P) = 17.02 ± 0.9 mg/L) for 360 days through three stages: (1) Cultivation, 125 days (>2.1 mm); (2) Maturation, 175 days (>3 mm); (3) alternate feed loading strategy for R2 only for 60 days (anaerobic step-feeding). The granulation process, the physical properties of the granules, the nutrients, and the substrate removal performance were recorded during the entire operational period. For the cultivation and maturation stages, both reactors followed the fast single feeding mode followed by anaerobic mixing, and the results indicated a strong correlation between R1 and R2 due to the same working conditions. During the cultivation stage, adopting high organic loading rate (OLR) at the reactor start-up did not accelerate the formation of granules. Removal efficiency of PO4-P was less than 76% during the maturation period, while it exceeded 90% for COD, and was higher than 80% for NH4-N without effect of nitrite or nitrate accumulations due to simultaneous nitrification–denitrification. After changing filling mode for R2 only, there was unexpected deterioration in the performance and a rapid disintegration of the matured granules (poor settleability) accompanied by poor effluent quality due to high content of suspended solids because of applying selection pressure of short settling time. Consequently, GSBRs operation under the effect of fast single feeding mode followed by anaerobic mixing favors stable long-term granule stability.
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16
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Jiang Y, Shang Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Li J, Shao S. Assessing the effect of SiO 2 and TiO 2 nanoparticles on granule stability and microbial community shift in aerobic granular sludge process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135677. [PMID: 35843432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widely used SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) can accumulate in industrial wastewaters, thereby posing challenge to biological wastewater treatment processes. In this work, the performance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors fed with wastewater containing 50 mg L-1 SiO2 and TiO2 NPs were investigated. The results showed that the granules could resist the NPs in wastewater (no disintegration of granules was observed). SiO2 NPs had a negative effect on the settleability of granules, with the SVI30 increased by 64.5% and protein secretion decreased by 29.9%. To the contrary, the settleability of granules was improved in the presence of TiO2 NPs due to the increase of the protein secretion. Possibly because of the compact and layered structure of granules, in the presence of both types of NPs, no obvious reduction of the overall removal efficiency of organics was found, and nanoparticle-resistant strains were enriched. The overall nitrification and denitrification efficiencies were hardly affected by SiO2 NPs while significantly inhibited by TiO2 NPs. Some functional genera, such as Hyphomicrobium and Acidovorax, showed growth inhibition with TiO2 NPs, which might be responsible for the reduction of nitrification and denitrification efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Shang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Xiangling Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiangyun Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Senlin Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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17
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Morello R, Di Capua F, Esposito G, Pirozzi F, Fratino U, Spasiano D. Sludge minimization in mainstream wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, strategies, technologies, and current development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115756. [PMID: 35982561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excess sludge production in wastewater treatment plants has become an enormous environmental issue worldwide mainly due to the increased efforts towards wastewater purification. Researchers and plant operators are looking for technological solutions to reduce sludge production through the upgrading of existing technologies and configurations or by substituting them with alternative solutions. Several strategies have been identified to reduce sludge production, including the use of biological and physical-chemical methods (or a combination of them) and novel technologies, although many have not been sufficiently tested at full-scale. To select the most suitable system for sludge reduction, understanding the reduction mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, and the economic and environmental impact of each technology is essential. This work offers a comprehensive and critical overview of mainstream sludge reduction technologies and underlying mechanisms from laboratory to full scale, and describes potential application, configuration, and integration with conventional systems. Research needs are highlighted, and a techno-economic-environmental comparison of the existing technologies is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Morello
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (Di.S.A.A.T), University of Bari, Via Amendola165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Fratino
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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18
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Araújo JM, Berzio S, Gehring T, Nettmann E, Florêncio L, Wichern M. Influence of temperature on aerobic granular sludge formation and stability treating municipal wastewater with high nitrogen loadings. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113578. [PMID: 35649490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of temperature (20 and 30 °C) on the formation and stability of aerobic granules in sequential batch reactors (SBR). Therefore, two lab-scale SBRs operated at 20 and 30 °C (SBR20 and SBR30) were used. The reactors were fed with municipal wastewater (CODt:TN:TP 100:15:1.7), leading to mean organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.3 ± 0.4 kgCODt m-3 day-1. Both reactors had the same height/diameter ratio of 4.2 and were inoculated with activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The operational conditions were also the same for both temperatures and lasted in stable process parameters for over 100 days. By optimizing the aeration and oxygen concentration, a high removal efficiency of NH4-N (∼99%) and COD (∼90%) was achieved in both reactors, despite the poor C:N:P ratio at the influent. Furthermore, a relatively low oxygen concentration of 2 mg L-1 was defined as the set point for the control strategy. Nevertheless, granulation at 30 °C was significantly faster, resulting in more stable sludge volume index (SVI) values (SVI10/SVI30 < 1.1). The granules formed at 30 °C were also larger, more compact, and considerably more stable against system disturbances. However, at higher temperatures, larger granules might be required for nitrate removal because of the increased oxygen diffusion rates. Finally, microbiological 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis for both systems indicated major differences relatively to the inoculum sludge only for nitrogen-degrading organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliana M Araújo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Av. Acadêmico Hélio Ramos s/n, Recife, 50740-530, Brazil; Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
| | - Stephan Berzio
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
| | - Tito Gehring
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
| | - Edith Nettmann
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
| | - Lourdinha Florêncio
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Av. Acadêmico Hélio Ramos s/n, Recife, 50740-530, Brazil.
| | - Marc Wichern
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
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19
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Li A, Huang C, Feng X, Li Y, Yang H, Wang S, Li J. Upgradation of sludge deep dewatering conditioners through persulfate activated by ferrous: Compatibility with sludge incineration, dewatering mechanism, ecological risks elimination and carbon emission performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113024. [PMID: 35248567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Serious loss of organic substances and notable release of refractory intracellular organics and cell-free antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) caused by cell lysis are found when quick lime, FeCl3, and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) were used as sludge conditioners, which is not feasible to sludge separate incineration and increases ecological risks. Therefore, persulfate oxidation through ferrous (Fe2+-Na2S2O8) activation was applied for the upgradation of sludge conditioner in China, the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and capillary suction time (CST) significantly decreased and the removed water increased from 40% to 54%, implying that the persulfate activated by ferrous (PAF) conditioner presents good performance in sludge dewatering. Organic matter content and heating value of sludge merely decreased, and Cl- content in sludge simultaneously decreased with the use of the PAF conditioner, thereby effectively reducing the corrosion risk to the incinerator and showing good compatibility with sludge separate incineration. In accordance with ferrous activation, sulfate radical plays an important role in sludge dewatering process because remarkable decrease in polysaccharides and protein contents from tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) was discovered. Based on flow cytometry analysis, slight cell lysis presented better filtrate quality by the use of PAF conditioner, 49.3% of refractory intracellular organics was removed and the respective ermB, tetW and blaTEM decreased by factors of 37.3%, 54.5% and 63.6% due to the strong oxidizing property of sulfate radical. The intensive decrease in refractory intracellular organics and cell-free ARGs will reduce the ecological risks. The total carbon emission significantly decreases to 1771.1 kgCO2/tDS when PAF conditioner was employed, which is beneficial to the upgradation of sludge deep dewatering conditioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chou Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hanwen Yang
- Wuxi Guolian Environmental Science and Technology Co.Ltd., Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China
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20
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Feng XH, Wang XJ, Li HX, Zhang HY, Zhu ZQ, Liang YP, Dong K, Zeng HH. Integration of Zeolite Membrane Bioreactor With Granular Sludge-Based Anammox in High-Efficiency Nitrogen Removal From Iron Oxide Red Wastewater. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932940. [PMID: 35847107 PMCID: PMC9278816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of stable nitritation and efficient anammox play a crucial role in partial nitritation (PN) combined with anammox for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater. Due to the limitation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) enrichment and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) control in traditional membrane biological reactor (MBR), it can result in a lower nitrite production rate (NPR) and unstable PN, eventually reducing the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) via PN-anammox. In this study, we developed a zeolite membrane biological reactor (ZMBR) to enhance the PN of iron oxide red wastewater (IORW), in which the biofilm derived from the zeolite surface can provide free ammonia (FA)-containing microenvironment for AOB enrichment and NOB inhibition. The results showed that ZMBR can tolerate a higher influent nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 2.78 kg/(m3⋅day) in comparison to the traditional MBR [2.02 kg/(m3⋅day)] and the NPR in ZMBR and traditional MBR were 1.39 and 0.96 kg/(m3⋅day), respectively. The mass concentration ratio of NO2--N/NH4+-N ranged from 1.05 to 1.33 in ZMBR, suggesting a suitable condition for nitrogen removal via anammox. Subsequently, the domesticated granular sludge obtained from a paper-making wastewater treatment was used as the carrier of anammox bacteria to remove nitrogen. After 93 days of operation, the NRR was observed to be 2.33 kg/(m3⋅day) and high-throughput sequencing indicated that the relatively higher abundance (45.0%) of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was detected in the granular sludge of the bottom part of the reactor, which can produce more proteins and lipids, suggesting a good settleability. Overall, this study provides a high-efficient method to control PN and domesticate anammox for nitrogen removal from IORW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Hai-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Qiang Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Yan-Peng Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Kun Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Hong-Hu Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Hu Zeng,
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21
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Li Z, Meng Q, Wan C, Zhang C, Tan X, Liu X. Aggregation performance and adhesion behavior of microbes in response to feast/famine condition: Rapid granulation of aerobic granular sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112780. [PMID: 35065930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Periodic starvation was a common strategy for the rapid start-up of aerobic granular sludge (AGS), and investigating the behavior of microbes that originated from inner or outer layer in response to feast/famine condition could provide more details for the development or stability of AGS. In this work, the microbes of the AGS were isolated by layers, the aggregation of microbes, the adhesion behavior of microbes, and viscoelasticity of the layer formed by microbes, at feast/famine conditions, were investigated for the in-depth understanding of the start-up and stability of AGS. The famine condition reduced the negative charge and deprotonated carboxyl groups of the surface thereby boosting the aggregation and adhesion of microbes. The feast condition was more beneficial for the stability of the layer as it caused a denser layer of microbes. The inner core microbes (IC) presented a higher aggregation rate than the outer layer microbes (OL) at feast/famine conditions. Also, the IC presented the highest aggregation rate, adhesion rate, and adhesion mass at famine conditions, which was most in favor of the start-up stage of the aerobic granulation. Since the denser layer was formed by IC, IC had better advantages over OL at the famine stage in the formation of a more stable layer. This study affirmed the role of microbes in the inner layer of the granule during the start-up phase and provided a theoretical basis for understanding the significance of the famine period for rapid granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qingting Meng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute Group Co Ltd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute Group Co Ltd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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22
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Amin Vieira da Costa NP, Libardi N, Ribeiro da Costa RH. How can the addition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-based bioflocculant affect aerobic granular sludge (AGS)? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114807. [PMID: 35231689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) recovered from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) to act as bioflocculant was tested in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR), fed with low-strength municipal wastewater. EPS were compared with the addition of Na-alginate as a standardized biopolymer. The optimal dosage of both biopolymers was determined through jar-test assays (400 mg L-1 of Na-alginate in a 250 mg Ca L-1 and 50 mg L-1 of EPS in pH of 2 ± 0.2). The addition of Na-alginate (Operational Period I- OP-I) and EPS (Operational Period II - OP-II) led to increased adhesion of particles with 2.9 ± 0.45 and 1.3 ± 0.3 g TSS L-1 during OP-I and OP-II, respectively, and fast settling biomass (SVI30 between 68 and 78 mL g-1). Granule predominance occurred at early stages of OP-I (day 37) and OP-II (day 44), presenting diameters mainly within the 212-600 μm range. The reactor showed removal efficiencies of 85% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and above 50% for N-NH4 during the study periods. Furthermore, the addition of EPS as a bioflocculant promoted a substantial increase in polysaccharides (PS = 153.01 ± 121 mg gVSS-1) and proteins (PN = 121.96 ± 69 mg gVSS-1), while the addition of Na-alginate affected mostly the PS content (87 ± 24 mg gVSS-1). The microbial community shifted mainly from Betaproteobacteria (45%) during OP-I to Alphaproteobacteria (64%) in OP-II. Therefore, EPS affected both physical-chemical and microbial features of the AGS biomass without any change in treatment efficiencies. EPS is a promising resource to be recovered from aerobic granular sludge and to be used as an alternative and sustainable bioflocculant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson Libardi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, 88040-970, Florianópolis, Brazil
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23
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Liu X, Pei Q, Han H, Yin H, Chen M, Guo C, Li J, Qiu H. Functional analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) during the granulation of aerobic sludge: Relationship among EPS, granulation and nutrients removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112692. [PMID: 34999029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with high molecular weights, secreted from microorganisms, play a critical functional role in the aerobic granular sludge (AGS). To investigate the level and function of EPS during the granulation of aerobic sludge and in the mature AGS, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for 70 days. Aerobic granules with an average diameter of 0.25 mm were obtained with reducing settling time of sludge. Simultaneous removals of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus by the mature AGS exceeded 90, 95 and 95%, respectively. The EPS content increased significantly to above 333 mg/g MLVSS during the initial stage, and after that, it stabilized at about 240 mg/g MLVSS as the mature AGS formed, higher than that of the seed sludge (212 mg/g MLVSS). The increased EPS contents showed a negative correlation with SVI values, while a strong positive relationship with the formation of the AGS. The protein/polysaccharide (PN/PS) ratio in the EPS increased from 1.42 to 4.17, and TP/MLSS increased to about 6%, with the formation of AGS. The proportion of extracellular-P increased with the increase of EPS, and then maintained stable at about 20%, indicating EPS promoted the removal of phosphorus. Furthermore, the results from the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that phosphorus in the AGS mainly existed in the form of inorganic phosphorus (IP) and the proportion of Ca5(PO4)3(OH) in IP was up to 92%. This investigation demonstrated that EPS had a positive relationship with the sludge granulation and nutrients removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Pei
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Yin
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Chao Guo
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Junli Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Qiu
- Yangtze Memory Technologies Co. Ltd, Wuhan, 430000, China
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24
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Giri DD, Dwivedi H, Khalaf D Alsukaibi A, Pal DB, Otaibi AA, Areeshi MY, Haque S, Gupta VK. Sustainable production of algae-bacteria granular consortia based biological hydrogen: New insights. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127036. [PMID: 35331885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbes recycling nutrient and detoxifying ecosystems are capable to fulfil the future energy need by producing biohydrogen by due to the coupling of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes. In granules microbes mutualy exchanging nutrients and electrons for hydrogen production. The consortial biohydrogen production depend upon constituent microbes, their interdependence, competition for resources, and other operating parameters while remediating a waste material in nature or bioreactor. The present review deals with development of granular algae-bacteria consortia, hydrogen yield in coculture, important enzymes and possible engineering for improved hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deen Dayal Giri
- Department of Botany, Maharaj Singh College, Saharanpur-247001,Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Dwivedi
- Department of Botany, Maharaj Singh College, Saharanpur-247001,Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine,Görükle Campus, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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25
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Penagos DG, Victoria JR, Manrique MV. Formulation of a protocol to evaluate the aerobic granulation potential (AGP) of an inoculum. MethodsX 2022; 9:101710. [PMID: 35601957 PMCID: PMC9120046 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes and develops a protocol for measuring the aerobic granulation potential of sludge, aiming to provide an affordable and simple alternative that can facilitate the development of aerobic granulation technology. In this sense, the protocol comprises a set of parameters and considerations that interact to create a controlled environment and stimulate cell population clustering. All of this is done in the context of procedural simplicity, low cost, and the speed at which results are obtained. The protocol is essentially a three-stage method: preparation of the substrate, adaptation of the inoculum, and implementation of the protocol. Simple parameters were measured to evaluate the granulation process: SVI, settling velocity, and morphological parameters. The protocol was validated according to optimal ranges and criteria previously established in the literature. For this purpose, an activated sludge inoculum from a domestic wastewater treatment plant was submitted to the protocol, obtaining an optimal response of the biomass (SVI5 =13.90 mL g−1, settling velocity= 25,79 m h−1, Diameter > 0.2 mm) in a relatively short time (7 d). The results show that this protocol can constitute a tool for evaluation and decision-making using traditional laboratory equipment and is applicable at different scales.
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26
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Purba LDA, Md Khudzari J, Iwamoto K, Mohamad SE, Yuzir A, Abdullah N, Shimizu K, Hermana J. Discovering future research trends of aerobic granular sludge using bibliometric approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 303:114150. [PMID: 34864588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advantageous characteristics of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) have led to their increasing popularities among academics and industrial players. However, there has been no bibliometric report on current and future research trends of AGS. This study utilized the available reports of AGS in the Scopus database for comprehensive bibliometric analyses using VOSviewer software. A total of 1203 research articles from 1997 to 2020 were analyzed. The dominance of the Netherlands and China were revealed by the high number of publications and citations. Nevertheless, the Netherlands exhibited higher average citation per article at 76.4. A recent process of AGS involving biochar and algal addition were also identified. Meanwhile, the application of AGS for antibiotic containing wastewater as well as possibility of resource recovery were recently reported and was expected to expand in the future. It was suggested that application of AGS would develop further along with the development of sustainable wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Dina Amalia Purba
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jauharah Md Khudzari
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Koji Iwamoto
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaza Eva Mohamad
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Yuzir
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Associate Director, UTM International, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Joni Hermana
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning and Geoengineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
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27
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Xiao X, Ma F, You S, Guo H, Zhang J, Bao X, Ma X. Direct sludge granulation by applying mycelial pellets in continuous-flow aerobic membrane bioreactor: Performance, granulation process and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126233. [PMID: 34743997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a sustainable manner for direct cultivation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) by addition of mycelial pellets (MPs) into continuous-flow aerobic MBR. The results showed that the granulation time in MPs-MBR was shortened by at least 65 days, accounting for enhanced mean size of granules (0.68-0.76 mm), increased mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration (12.8 g/L) and improved settling ability (78.1 mL/g), in comparison with that of 0.23-0.28 mm, 9.8 g/L and 102.1 mL/g in control MBR. MPs-MBR demonstrated significant advantages in terms of COD reduction (97.0-99.1%), NH4+-N reduction (100%) and TN reduction (32.27-42.33%). MPs, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and filamentous bacteria acted as inducible nucleus, crosslinking matter and supporting skeleton, respectively, in favor of promoting the formation and stabilization of AGS with a four-layered structure. The relevant mechanism was underlined by rheological analysis, indicating that MPs addition enhanced non-Newtonian flow characteristics and network structure of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Haijuan Guo
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, PR China.
| | - Jinna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Bao
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, PR China
| | - Xiping Ma
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
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28
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Silva SA, Val Del Río A, Amaral AL, Ferreira EC, Madalena Alves M, Mesquita DP. Monitoring morphological changes from activated sludge to aerobic granular sludge under distinct organic loading rates and increasing minimal imposed sludge settling velocities through quantitative image analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131637. [PMID: 34340113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative image analysis (QIA) was used for monitoring the morphology of activated sludge (AS) during a granulation process and, thus, to define and quantify, unequivocally, structural changes in microbial aggregates correlated with the sludge properties and granulation rates. Two sequencing batch reactors fed with acetate at organic loading rates of 1.1 ± 0.6 kgCOD m-3 d-1 (R1) and 2.0 ± 0.2 kgCOD m-3 d-1 (R2) and three minimal imposed sludge settling velocities (0.27 m h-1, 0.53 m h-1, and 5.3 m h-1) induced distinct granulation processes and rates. QIA results evidenced the turning point from flocculation to granulation processes by revealing the differences in the aggregates' stratification patterns and quantifying the morphology of aggregates with equivalent diameter (Deq) of 200 μm ≤ Deq ≤ 650 μm. Multivariate statistical analysis of the QIA data allowed to distinguish the granulation status in both systems, by clustering the observations according to the sludge aggregation and granules maturation status, and successfully predicting the sludge volume index measured at 5 min (SVI5) and 30 min (SVI30). These results evidence the possibility of defining unequivocally the granulation rate and anticipating the sludge settling properties at early stages of the process using QIA data. Hence, QIA could be used to predict episodes of granules disruption and hindered settling ability in aerobic granulation sludge processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio A Silva
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Angeles Val Del Río
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - António L Amaral
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ISEC, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénio C Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Madalena Alves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela P Mesquita
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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29
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Duarte KLS, Castellanos RM, Costa RC, Mahler CF, Bassin JP. Start-up of an aerobic granular sludge system from stored granules: Evaluating the impact of storage period on biomass activity and stability and the effect of temperature on nitrification and phosphorus removal rates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113200. [PMID: 34284343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been considered a breakthrough within the wastewater treatment sector. However, the long reactor start-up for the formation of granules is challenging and may hinder the spread of this technology. To circumvent this obstacle, inoculation of the reactors with pre-formed granules from existing plants is an interesting approach. In this context, issues related to biomass storage becomes very relevant. In this study, reactivation of aerobic granular biomass after storage was evaluated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) designed for achieving simultaneous organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Two different scenarios, short (40 days) and long (180 days) storage periods, were assessed, and their influence on the granules physical properties and bioactivity was addressed. The results revealed that the granules stored for a shorter period showed higher resistance to breakage and underwent smooth color changes. On the other hand, the biomass stored for a longer period acquired a dark color and was more susceptible to disruption during reactivation. The granules stored for 6 months become swollen and exhibited an irregular morphology and fluffy structure within the first days of reactivation. Consequently, their settling properties were adversely affected, and some parameters such as the food-to-microorganism ratio had to be adjusted to prevent granules disintegration. Regarding the bioactivity of important microbial functional groups, COD removal was rapidly restored within a few days of SBR operation with the biomass stored for a shorter period. However, it took longer for the biomass stored for 180 days to reach the same performance observed for the granules stored for 40 days. A similar trend is valid for nitrification. In the experiments with sludge stored for a longer time, it took almost twice as long to reach effluent ammonium concentrations lower than 1 mg NH4+-N L-1 compared to the test using biomass stored for 40 days. Phosphate removal was strongly affected by biomass storage, especially after 180 days of inactivity, a condition found to be detrimental for polyphosphate-accumulating organisms. Finally, cycle tests were also conducted to assess substrate conversion rates for comparison between different trials and evaluate the influence of temperature (10-35 °C) on nitrification and phosphate removal rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L S Duarte
- Civil Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R M Castellanos
- Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R C Costa
- Civil Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C F Mahler
- Civil Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J P Bassin
- Civil Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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30
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Structural Characteristics of Aerobic Granular Sludge and Factors That Influence Its Stability: A Mini Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13192726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current extensive research on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) largely focuses on improving its microbial biodiversity, settlement behavior, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, and shock load resistance. Great challenges that have to be faced are the bottleneck of slow-speed granulation and easy disintegration after granulation, which are key to the extended application of AGS technology. In the present review, the typical morphological structures of AGS are firstly summarized as well as the granulation model hypotheses, and then, we analyze the dominant microflora and their spatial distribution features. The influencing factors on particle structure stability are discussed thereafter on a macro and micro scale. Prospects and future research trends are also discussed based on the current study results for AGS technology.
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31
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Liou HC, Sabba F, Wang Z, Wells G, Balogun O. Layered viscoelastic properties of granular biofilms. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117394. [PMID: 34256191 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Granular biofilms are dense spherical complex biological systems composed mainly of multi-microbial cells, water, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). They facilitate efficient purification and settling of activated sludge in wastewater treatment processes. The viscoelastic properties of these complex biofilm systems are important characteristics that control their growth and dictate how they respond to hydrodynamic forces and chemical stimuli. However, the viscoelastic properties of granular biofilms are poorly understood. In this paper, we study granular biofilms' viscoelastic properties using optical coherence elastography (OCE), a nondestructive method that integrates optical coherence tomography (OCT) with elastic wave propagation. While quantitative viscoelastic characterization of granular biofilms is challenging due to their heterogeneous properties, we show that elastic waves are suitable for this purpose. First, we employ guided elastic waves in a thin section of a granular biofilm to reveal a two-layered profile for the viscoelastic properties. Next, we utilize circumferential elastic waves that propagate near the surface of a non-sectioned spherical biofilm to quantify the layered system's viscoelastic properties. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first quantitative study that characterizes the layered viscoelastic properties of granular biofilms. The measurement approach may provide a platform to study the interplay between the viscoelastic properties and other characteristics of granular biofilms such as the complex microbial system, morphology, and oxygen distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cin Liou
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Fabrizio Sabba
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - George Wells
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Oluwaseyi Balogun
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States.
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32
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Cui D, Wei N, Ling N, Zheng G, Sun Y, Chen Z, Zou X, Deng H, Li W. Effects of sulfamethoxazole on aerobic sludge granulation process. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1091-1103. [PMID: 34453874 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our purpose was to clarify the effect of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on the start-up period, particle formation, and treatment efficiency of an aerobic granular sludge system. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared an R1 granular sequencing batch reactor (GSBR) started with 5 μg L-1 SMX and an R2 GSBR started without SMX, as a control, to investigate the impact of a trace amount of SMX (5 μg L-1 ) on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) characteristics and the removal of conventional contaminants. AGS granulation in the R1 system was not inhibited by SMX, but the granule particle size was smaller than that in the R2 system. Both systems had good performance removing conventional pollutants. Extracellular polymeric substance secretion in the R1 system was lower than that in the R2 system. After stabilizing reactor operations, the SMX removal efficiency in the R1 system (~73.93%) was higher than that in the R2 system (~70.66%). The start-up modes also determined the differences in the microbial community structure of the AGS systems. CONCLUSIONS SMX-activated AGS performed better than AGS without SMX. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The study can help engineers determine start-up modes with varieties of antibiotics in AGS processes and provide references for the optimization of water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cui
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianpeng Wei
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Ling
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochen Zheng
- Songliao River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyi Chen
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongna Deng
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlan Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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33
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Li Z, Li H, Tang R, Wan C, Zhang C, Tan X, Liu X. Understanding the dependence of start-up and stability of aerobic granule on pH from the perspective of adhesion behavior and properties of extracellular polymeric substances. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111311. [PMID: 33989628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The start-up and stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) could be greatly influenced by pH variation. The inner core in the aerobic granules provided adhesion sites for microbes by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) adhesion, the adhesion behavior of EPS and the properties of adhesion layer formed by EPS with pH changes might directly affect the start-up efficiency and stability of AGS. In this study, the adhesion behavior of EPS at an inorganic surface and the viscoelasticity of the EPS adhesion layer with pH variation was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, and the response of functional groups and intermolecular interactions to pH changes was explored. Based on the interaction energy calculation, it was found that the charge repulsion between substances dominated the interactions between EPS components and between EPS and the surface by regulating protonation and deprotonation of the functional groups of EPS with pH variation. A lower energy barrier between EPS and the surface at a lower pH value could facilitate the adhesion of EPS at the surface, which favored the rapid start-up of AGS. Moreover, the high ratio of both α-helix and intermolecular hydrogen bond at an acid condition could enhance the gel-strength of EPS, which provide AGS the resistance ability against external disturbance. This study revealed the mechanism of the interactions in EPS adhesion process with the variation of pH and provided useful information for a better understanding of the stability of the AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huiqi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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34
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New Advances in Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology Using Continuous Flow Reactors: Engineering and Microbiological Aspects. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13131792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) comprises an aggregation of microbial cells in a tridimensional matrix, which is able to remove carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous as well as other pollutants in a single bioreactor under the same operational conditions. During the past decades, the feasibility of implementing AGS in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for treating sewage using fundamentally sequential batch reactors (SBRs) has been studied. However, granular sludge technology using SBRs has several disadvantages. For instance, it can present certain drawbacks for the treatment of high flow rates; furthermore, the quantity of retained biomass is limited by volume exchange. Therefore, the development of continuous flow reactors (CFRs) has come to be regarded as a more competitive option. This is why numerous investigations have been undertaken in recent years in search of different designs of CFR systems that would enable the effective treatment of urban and industrial wastewater, keeping the stability of granular biomass. However, despite these efforts, satisfactory results have yet to be achieved. Consequently, it remains necessary to carry out new technical approaches that would provide more effective and efficient AGS-CFR systems. In particular, it is imperative to develop continuous flow granular systems that can both retain granular biomass and efficiently treat wastewater, obviously with low construction, maintenance and exploitation cost. In this review, we collect the most recent information on different technological approaches aimed at establishing AGS-CFR systems, making possible their upscaling to real plant conditions. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these proposals and suggest future trends in the application of aerobic granular systems. Accordingly, we analyze the most significant technical and biological implications of this innovative technology.
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Guzmán-Fierro V, Sanhueza J, Arriagada C, Pereira L, Campos V, Gallardo JJ, Roeckel M. The prediction of partial-nitrification-anammox performance in real industrial wastewater based on granular size. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112255. [PMID: 33647672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, the partial nitrification-Anammox (PN-A) granular sludge size has been exclusively analyzed in synthetic substrates. In this work, different ranges of granular size of PN-A sludge were studied at low oxygen concentration using real industrial wastewater as, well as a synthetic substrate. The granular sludge was characterized by the specific nitrification activity (SNA), specific anammox activity (SAA), and granule sedimentation rate. The relative abundance of the bacterial consortium was assessed for each range of diameters through the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. SNA exhibits a direct association with the specific surface of granules, which proves the importance of the outer layer in the nitrification process. Even more critical, the flocculent sludge allowed the stability of the nitrifying activity. The SAA showed different performances faced the real industrial and synthetic substrates. With the synthetic substrate, the SAA decreased at higher diameter ranges, whereas with the industrial substrate, the SAA increased at higher diameter ranges. This situation is explained by the oxygen protection in the sludge maintained with industrial wastewater. The relative abundance of heterotrophic bacteria increased from 9.6 to 22%, due to the presence of organic matter in the industrial substrate. The granular sedimentation rate increased with the diameter of the granules with a linear correlation (R2 > 0.98). Thus, granular sizes can be selected through sedimentation rate control. A linear correlation between SAA and granular sludge diameter ranges was observed. With this correlation, an error of less than 11% in the prediction of SAA was achieved. The use of diameter measurement and granular sedimentation rate as routine techniques could contribute to the control and start-up of PN-A reactors. In the same sense, organic matter present in defined concentrations, can be beneficial for the granular sludge stability, and thus, for nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Guzmán-Fierro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Sanhueza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Constanza Arriagada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Víctor Campos
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan José Gallardo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Higher Engineering School, University of Almería, Spain
| | - Marlene Roeckel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Peng Z, Lou T, Jiang K, Niu N, Wang J, Li L. Nitrification characteristics of long-term idle aerobic activated sludge during domestication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23386-23394. [PMID: 33447971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite accumulation usually occurred when domesticating the idle aerobic activated sludge. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to investigate whether the short-cut nitrification sludge could be cultivated using the idle sludge as inoculated sludge. The results showed that the nitrification process consisted of three stages. In the first stage, the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were very low with almost no nitrification performance. In the second stage, the activity of AOB started to recover with the effluent NH4+-N gradually decreased to 0.29 mg L-1, while NOB was alternately inhibited by free ammonia (FA), free nitrous acid (FNA), and nitrite. The effluent NOx--N was mainly NO2--N with an average nitrite accumulation ratio of 74.00%. In the third stage, the nitrification altered from short-cut nitrification to complete nitrification, and the nitrification kinetics of AOB and NOB were both well-fitted to the Monod equation (R2 > 0.92). The variations of effluent pH and ORP between cycles could indicate the recovery stage of the nitrifying ability. Through monitoring the curves of effluent pH and ORP, when the domestication process is between the pH peak and ORP plateau, the short-cut nitrification sludge could be cultivated. This study revealed the mechanism of nitrite accumulation during the domestication of long-term idle aerobic activated sludge, and established a control strategy to accelerate the domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Peng
- School of Water Conservancy & Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Tianyu Lou
- School of Water Conservancy & Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Water Conservancy & Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ningqi Niu
- School of Water Conservancy & Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Water Conservancy & Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Water Conservancy & Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Initialization, enhancement and mechanisms of aerobic granulation in wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Li J, Peng Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Yang S, Li S, Zhang L. Rapid enrichment of anammox bacteria linked to floc aggregates in a single-stage partial nitritation-anammox process: Providing the initial carrier and anaerobic microenvironment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 191:116807. [PMID: 33434708 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) is highly associated with the granulation process; however, the interactive mechanism remains unclear, especially for the initial granulation process. A single-stage partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) bioreactor combined with granular/floc sludge was operated for 400 days. During the experimental period, the nitrogen removal rate increased from 0.60 to 1.21 kg N m-3d-1, and the nitrogen removal capability improved primarily during a transition period (days 200-250), which was accompanied by a particle size increase and AnAOB proliferation (4.9 ± 1.7 days). Moreover, as observed by the biomass physio-morphology, the size distribution, and the microbial community shift, small flocs (< 200 μm) aggregated due to the addition of excess sodium acetate. The emerging floc aggregates represented an early form of granules, providing the initial biological carrier and necessary anaerobic microenvironment for the growth of attached AnAOB, resulting in a high AnAOB growth-rate. These results are the first direct evidence that floc aggregates are essential to AnAOB enrichment, and that they can be affected by operational conditions. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the link between floc aggregations and AnAOB enrichment and broadens the feasibility of optimizing PN/A applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shenhua Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shuai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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Wang H, Lyu W, Song Q, Zhou D, Hu X, Wang B, Chen R. Role of weak magnetic strength in the operation of aerobic granular reactor for wastewater treatment containing ammonia nitrogen concentration gradient. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124570. [PMID: 33384203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic field (WMF) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology were both robust technologies in wastewater treatments. In this study, the AGS characteristics and nutrient removal performances were all estimated at the load of 20 to 40 mg/L ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and 0 to 40mT magnetic field. Results showed that 10mT was beneficial for keeping stable structure of granules when increasing NH4+-N load, accompanied with increasing protein (PN) secretion in EPS. Besides, all the total nitrogen (TN) removal rate under 10mT reached above 90%, while they were all less than 80% under other WMF strength when loading with 40 mg/L NH4+-N. Moreover, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) efficiency could be enhanced by WMF of 10mT. Illumina MiSeq sequencing showed that NH4+-N load changed the bacterial richness and diversity when the magnetic strength was 10mT. And Candidatus_Competibacter was identified as the main functional genes for effective operation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wanlin Lyu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qun Song
- Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Dao Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rongfan Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Meena M, Sonigra P, Yadav G, Barupal T. Wastewater Treatment Techniques: An Introduction. REMOVAL OF EMERGING CONTAMINANTS THROUGH MICROBIAL PROCESSES 2021:161-182. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-5901-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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41
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He Q, Xie Z, Fu Z, Wang M, Xu P, Yu J, Ma J, Gao S, Chen L, Zhang W, Song J, Wang H. Interaction and removal of oxytetracycline with aerobic granular sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124358. [PMID: 33171347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge as a promising technology showed great resistance to adverse conditions. However, the interaction between oxytetracycline (OTC) and granular sludge was not studied sufficiently. This study therefore investigated OTC-tolerance ability of incomplete and complete granulation sludge from aspects of simultaneous nutrients removal, sludge characteristics, microbial activity, community changes, and vice versa OTC removal performance. Incomplete granulation sludge showed better denitrification performance and resistance. Whereas, denitrification and phosphorus removal of complete granulation sludge suffered a permanent collapse under 5 mg/L OTC. OTC could be removed by rapid adsorption and slow biodegradation via granular sludge. The EPS, especially TB-PS, played a significant role during the operational period subjected to OTC. The major genera of Lysobacter and Candidatus_Competibacter laid the biological basis for stability and functionality of granules, which acted as the putative contributors for resisting and removing OTC. This study showed that incomplete-granulated sludge qualified more promising application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulai He
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhiyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhidong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Chongqing Branch of Central and Southern China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400047, China; School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shuxian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jianyang Song
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Wang W, Wang J, Wang H, Ma J, Wu M, Wang Y. Anammox Granule Enlargement by Heterogenous Granule Self-assembly. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116454. [PMID: 33011570 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Expansion in the size is an indispensable stage in the granular sludge life cycle, but little attention has been payed to the enlargement mechanism of granular sludge. Here, we propose a novel anammox granule enlargement mechanism by the self-assembly of heterogenous granules. Two different colors of anammox granules, dark-red granules (DR-Granules) and bright-red granules (BR-Granules) were found in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. These two heterogenous granules were not isolated but were assembled into granules with a larger DR-Granule in the center and many smaller BR-Granules aggregated on the surface, increasing the overall granular size. Their physiochemical characteristics in terms of EPS, adherence, rheological properties, and microbial compositions, were identified and compared to elucidate the interaction between the different colors of granules. The BR-Granules created 92% more extracellular polymeric substances than the DR-Granules. This material blocked the passage of gas and substrate, leading to BR-Granules smaller size and a yield stress approximately 48% lower than that of the DR-Granules. Nevertheless, the BR-Granules had compact extracellular protein secondary structures and a high adherence rate to the surface of the DR-Granules, upon which they formed a compact adhered layer. These unique features enabled them to directionally adhere to DR-Granules in the core, that is, two heterogenous colors of granules self-assembled into large anammox granules. The enlargement mechanism was further supported by the abundance of K-strategy Ca. Kuenenia in the DR-Granules (inner layer) being higher than in the BR-Granules (outer layer; 2.9 ± 0.4% vs. 0.4 ± 0.1%; p = 0.0003) and by visualized confirmation that the larger BR-Granules wrapped around smaller DR-Granules inside. This demonstrates that heterogenous anammox granules actively self-assemble into large granules, which is an important step in the lifecycle of anammox granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
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Yue Z, Li P, Bin L, Huang S, Fu F, Yang Z, Qiu B, Tang B. N-Acyl-homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing of aerobic granular sludge system in a continuous-flow membrane bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wang BB, Luo Q, Li HJ, Yao Q, Zhang L, Zou JT, He F. Characterization of aerobic granules formed in an aspartic acid fed sequencing batch reactor under unfavorable hydrodynamic selection conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127600. [PMID: 32758769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Granules initiation and development is the backbone of aerobic granular sludge technology. Feed composition can notably affect initiation and development of aerobic granules, and yield aerobic granules with distinct microbial community, morphology and structure. This paper reports an unexpected formation of aerobic granules in an aspartic acid fed SBR under unfavorable hydrodynamic selection conditions. Detailed characteristics of these aerobic granules were investigated in terms of morphology, structure, bioactivity and EPS. The results showed that due to the absence of favorable hydrodynamic selection pressure, the formed aerobic granules had an irregular shape with a rough outline and loose internal structure, which was quite different from mature aerobic granules. Bacteria in these aerobic granules were mainly presented in the form of microcolony with calcium and β-polysaccharides responsible for its mechanical stability. The high N/C ratio of aspartic acid enabled the enrichment of significant amount of nitrifiers within aerobic granules and thus resulted in high nitrification activity of these aerobic granules. The negatively charged and hydrophilic aspartic acid also induced the bacteria to secrete more exopolysaccharides for contributing to more neutral and hydrophilic surface of the aerobic granules, which was beneficial for aspartic acid capture. As a result, polysaccharides, rather than proteins, became the major components of EPS in these aerobic granules. This paper provides us a foundation to better understand the granulation potential of proteinaceous substrates that is frequently encountered in industrial wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Qin Luo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Hui-Juan Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Qian Yao
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Environmental Education and Communications, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jin-Te Zou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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Adler A, Holliger C. Multistability and Reversibility of Aerobic Granular Sludge Microbial Communities Upon Changes From Simple to Complex Synthetic Wastewater and Back. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574361. [PMID: 33324361 PMCID: PMC7726351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a promising alternative wastewater treatment to the conventional activated sludge system allowing space and energy saving. Basic understanding of AGS has mainly been obtained using simple wastewater containing acetate and propionate as carbon source. Yet, the aspect and performances of AGS grown in such model systems are different from those obtained in reactor treating real wastewater. The impact of fermentable and hydrolyzable compounds on already formed AGS was assessed separately by changing the composition of the influent from simple wastewater containing volatile fatty acids to complex monomeric wastewater containing amino acids and glucose, and then to complex polymeric wastewater containing also starch and peptone. The reversibility of the observed changes was assessed by changing the composition of the wastewater from complex monomeric back to simple. The introduction of fermentable compounds in the influent left the settling properties and nutrient removal performance unchanged, but had a significant impact on the bacterial community. The proportion of Gammaproteobacteria diminished to the benefit of Actinobacteria and the Saccharibateria phylum. On the other hand, the introduction of polymeric compounds altered the settling properties and denitrification efficiency, but induced smaller changes in the bacterial community. The changes induced by the wastewater transition were only partly reversed. Seven distinct stables states of the bacterial community were detected during the 921 days of experiment, four of them observed with the complex monomeric wastewater. The transitions between these states were not only caused by wastewater changes but also by operation failures and other incidences. However, the nutrient removal performance and settling properties of the AGS were globally maintained due to the functional redundancy of its bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Adler
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Guo T, Ji Y, Zhao J, Horn H, Li J. Coupling of Fe-C and aerobic granular sludge to treat refractory wastewater from a membrane manufacturer in a pilot-scale system. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116331. [PMID: 32877808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel pilot-scale system based on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) as a biological treatment step was proposed to treat refractory wastewater from a membrane manufacturer. The components of the system included a microelectrolysis Fe-C filter, a hydrolysis acidification bioreactor (HA), sequence batch reactor 1 (AGS SBR1), sequence batch reactor 2 (AGS SBR2), and a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The Fe-C filter effectively improved the biodegradability of the wastewater components and introduced some byproducts (such as Fe2+, Fe3+, and Fe minerals) that are beneficial for the cultivation and stability of the AGS. Ideal conditions for aerobic granulation were maintained in the SBR, such as alternating feast and famine conditions. A selection pressure, including a hydraulic shear force and settling time, was also created therein. The results showed that the AGS was formed successfully in both SBR1 and SBR2, the sludge volume index after 30 min (SVI30) and mean particle size reached 34.2 mL/g and 720 µm, and 36.7 mL/g and 610 µm, respectively, and a satisfactory nutrient removal capacity was achieved in the system. During the entire experimental period, the microbial community changed significantly; enrichment of microbes with the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), granule stabilization functions in the AGS, and the differentiation of microbes corresponding to the function of each unit were observed. The use of Fe-C, application of SBRs, and use of dewatered sludge as an inoculant played key roles in the cultivation and stability of the AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Hangzhou Tianchuang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Hangzhou Tianchuang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Czarnota J, Tomaszek JA, Masłoń A, Piech A, Łagód G. Powdered Ceramsite and Powdered Limestone Use in Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173894. [PMID: 32899252 PMCID: PMC7504032 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two powdered mineral materials (powdered ceramsite and powdered limestone) on aerobic granulation of sludge were evaluated. The experiment was conducted on a laboratory scale bioreactors treating wastewater for 89 days. Three granular sequencing batch reactors (GSBRs) were operated at the lowest optimal organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.55 g COD/(L∙d). In the control reactor (R1), the mean diameter (d) of the biomass ranged from 124.0 to 210.0 µm, and complete granulation was not achieved. However, complete granulation did occur in reactors to which either ceramsite (251.9 µm < d < 783.1 µm) or limestone (246.0 µm < d < 518.9 µm) was added. Both powdered materials served as a ballast for the sludge flocs making up the seed sludge. Ceramsite particles also acted as microcarriers of granule-forming biomass. The granules in the reactors with added powdered materials had nonfibrous and smoother surfaces. The reactor with ceramsite exhibited the highest average efficiencies for COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removal (85.4 ± 5.4%, 56.6 ± 10.2%, and 56.8 ± 9.9%, respectively). By contrast, the average nitrification efficiency was 95.1 ± 12.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czarnota
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Av, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.A.T.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (G.Ł.); Tel.: +48-17-865-1278 (J.C.); +48-81-538-4322 (G.Ł.)
| | - Janusz A. Tomaszek
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Av, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Adam Masłoń
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Av, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Adam Piech
- Department of Water Purification and Protection, Rzeszow University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Av, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Łagód
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (G.Ł.); Tel.: +48-17-865-1278 (J.C.); +48-81-538-4322 (G.Ł.)
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48
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Domingos DG, Libardi N, Henriques RO, Xavier JA, da Costa RHR. The effect of Np-magnetite on the granulation process of an SBR reactor used for domestic wastewater treatment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:161-171. [PMID: 32862326 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (Np-magnetite) added to a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating domestic wastewater, to improve aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation and the effects of granule disintegration. Np-magnetite additions (75 mg L-1) were made during the start-up of the reactor and repeated after 100 and 170 days, when granule disintegration was observed. From the first Np-magnetite addition, SVI5 was reduced from 1315 to 85 mL g-1. The granular biomass was observed on the 56th day, when 57% of the granules presented diameters bigger than 212 µm. The 100-day disintegration episode disturbed the granular biomass, reducing the volatile suspended solids by 51%, increasing the SVI values to above 200 mL g-1. Np-magnetite addition recovered all the granular biomass parameters to the values observed before disintegration. The treatment efficiency was stable during operation of the reactor for nutrients (52.8 ± 23.4% NH4+-N; 54.5 ± 12.2% PO43--P) and carbonaceous organic matter (71.7 ± 12.7% BOD5; 77.5 ± 10.0% CODt). Np-magnetite addition changed the microbial community of the granular sludge, analysed via high-throughput 16S RNA sequencing, and recovered the treatment efficiency previously disturbed by the disintegration processes. These results indicate the potential of Np-magnetite as an agent for sludge aggregation in an aerobic granular reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Gonzaga Domingos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Libardi
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Rosana Oliveira Henriques
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Antunes Xavier
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil
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Wang Y, Wang H, Wang X, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Su X, Cai J, Sun F. Resuscitation, isolation and immobilization of bacterial species for efficient textile wastewater treatment: A critical review and update. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139034. [PMID: 32416505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given highly complex and recalcitrant nature of synthetic dyes, textile wastewater poses a serious challenge on surrounding environments. Until now, biological treatment of textile wastewater using efficient bacterial species is still considered as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach. The advances in resuscitating viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria via signaling compounds such as resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs) and quorum sensing (QS) autoinducers, provide a vast majority of potent microbial resources for biological wastewater treatment. So far, textile wastewater treatment from resuscitating and isolating VBNC state bacteria has not been critically reviewed. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of resuscitation, isolation and application of bacterial species with this new strategy, while the recent advances in synthetic dye decolorization were also elaborated together with the mechanisms involved. Discussion was further extended to immobilization methods to tackle its application. We concluded that the resuscitation of VBNC bacteria via signaling compounds, together with biochar-based immobilization technologies, may lead to an appealing biological treatment of textile wastewater. However, further development and optimization of the integrated process are still required for their wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hangli Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Zhejiang Environmental Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Yeyuan Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaomei Su
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiafang Cai
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Faqian Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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50
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Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang K, Li J, Shao S. Aerobic granular sludge shows enhanced resistances to the long-term toxicity of Cu(II). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126664. [PMID: 32278915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cu(II) is one of the most widely-existed heavy metal ions in industrial effluents. A high concentration of Cu(II) leads to strong toxic effects on microorganisms and sludge for treating industrial wastewater which often contains aromatic pollutants. Granular sludge has different characteristics compared with floc sludge, and it may exhibit unique responses to the high concentration of Cu(II). Therefore, in this study, the variations of sludge properties and pollutant removal were investigated in the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system with 0, 5, and 10 mg L-1 of Cu(II). The results suggested that both levels of Cu(II) promoted protein secretion and bounded with extracellular polymeric substances; thus, led to more compact granules with better settleability. Cu(II) had limited impacts on the overall organic degradation and denitrification efficiency, while it exerted significant negative effect on nitrification. The average NH4+-N concentration reached 1.4 ± 0.5, 6.7 ± 3.1, and 8.4 ± 1.5 mg L-1 in the effluent when the influent contained 0, 5, and 10 mg L-1 of Cu(II), respectively. The microbial community succession showed that no reduction was observed for the total relative abundance of main groups involved in organic removal such as Pseudoxanthomonas, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, and Thauera. However, the growth of some functional groups such as Saccharibacteria for nitrification was inhibited by the toxic effect of Cu(II). These findings suggested that AGS could resist to the long-term toxic effects of Cu(II) by multiple rationales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiangyun Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Senlin Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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