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Yang G, Zhou W, Zhang M, Zhong X, Qiu H, Xiang Y, Zhang Z, Li P, Wang D. Induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by 1-bromopropane in SH-SY5Y cells correlates with inhibition of Nrf2 function. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38047545 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2288795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we established SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells as an in vitro model to investigate whether oxidative stress and the nuclear erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway are associated with 1-bromopropane (1-BP) -induced nerve cell injury. We identified that 1-BP exhibited neurotoxicity mainly through oxidant-based processes in SH-SY5Y cells, as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde levels, and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine significantly increased, while superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Furthermore, Nrf2 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus was inhibited, as was downstream protein expression of the Nrf2-regulated genes HO-1 and Bcl-2. Activation of caspase-9 and -3 increased, and apoptosis was observed. Vitamin C alleviated 1-BP-induced apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Knockdown of Nrf2 in SH-SY5Y cells increased 1-BP-induced reactive oxygen species production and cell apoptosis, and inhibited HO-1 and Bcl-2 protein expression, while overexpression of Nrf2 alleviated these processes. These findings suggest that 1-BP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells are associated with Nrf2 function inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Yang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhong
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haili Qiu
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingping Xiang
- Institute of Occupational Hazard Assessment, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peimao Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianpeng Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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2
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Velo-Gala I, Farré MJ, Radjenovic J, Gernjak W. Influence of water matrix components on the UV/chlorine process and its reactions mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114945. [PMID: 36463999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The UV/chlorine system has become an attractive alternative Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants in the last decade due to the simultaneous formation of chlorine and hydroxyl radicals. However, there is no consensus regarding the results and trends obtained in previous micropollutant removal studies by AOPs, highlighting the complexity of the UV/chlorine process and the need for further research. This study investigates the degradation of acetaminophen (ACTP) by UV/chlorine and the effects of the water matrix in the reaction kinetics. In particular, the effects of natural organic matter (NOM), alkalinity and mineral salts on the kinetics and reactive species were elucidated. The complexity of the system was revealed by the analysis of the radical generation and transformation in different water matrices, applying the kinetic modelling approach to complement the scavenger tests. The higher kinetic rates of ACTP at alkaline pH provided new insights into the chlorine reactions under UV radiation, where secondary and tertiary reactive oxygen species including ozone were proven to play the major role in degradation. On the contrary, at acidic pH, reaction kinetic modelling demonstrated that ClO• radical occurs at high concentrations in the order of 10-10 M, being therefore the main oxidant, followed by other chlorine radicals. It is noteworthy that at alkaline pH the presence of typical inorganic ions such as carbonate had little impact on ACTP degradation, contrary to the observed reduction of degradation rates at acidic pH. The expected detrimental effect of the NOM in AOPs was also evidenced, although the use of chlorine as radical source reduces the relevance of the inner filter effect in comparison to UV/H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Velo-Gala
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Jaén. Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - María J Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Spain
| | - Jelena Radjenovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Xu Y, Wu J, Dong L, Di G. The role of Nrf2 in protection against electrostatic field-induced oxidative stress and learning and memory decline in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7005-7017. [PMID: 36018411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The intensity of static electric field (SEF) in the surrounding environment of transmission lines has been greatly increased with the rapid development of ultra-high-voltage direct-current transmission. Therefore, the potential health effects of SEF have stimulated great public attention. It has been proven that SEF exposure can cause reversible damage to the nervous system through oxidative stress; however, the mechanism of its recovery is unclear. This study focused on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a vital regulator of oxidative stress, and has been identified to notably impact the protection of organisms against many external stimuli. Herein, it was found that 56.3 kV/m SEF exposure for 7 days and 14 days significantly improved the expression levels of Nrf2 protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus of mice' hippocampus, as well as antioxidant genes, superoxide dismutase 2, and glutathione peroxidase 1. No significant difference in the expression level of the Nrf2 gene was found. The results indicated that the body could activate the Nrf2 signalling under SEF exposure by means other than up-regulation of Nrf2 gene expression. Inhibiting Nrf2 signalling by isoniazid could block SEF-induced gene transcription and protein expression, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity, an increase in the level of lipid peroxide product, and irretrievability of learning and memory damage. These results demonstrated that the Nrf2 signalling pathway exhibited a protective role in SEF-induced oxidative damage and decline in learning and memory ability, which provides a potential strategy for preventing and treating SEF-related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Xu
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315300, People's Republic of China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Wu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Di
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Juárez-Facio AT, Rogez-Florent T, Méausoone C, Castilla C, Mignot M, Devouge-Boyer C, Lavanant H, Afonso C, Morin C, Merlet-Machour N, Chevalier L, Ouf FX, Corbière C, Yon J, Vaugeois JM, Monteil C. Ultrafine Particles Issued from Gasoline-Fuels and Biofuel Surrogates Combustion: A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical and In Vitro Toxicological Effects. TOXICS 2022; 11:21. [PMID: 36668747 PMCID: PMC9861194 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gasoline emissions contain high levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), which are associated with several health outcomes. Moreover, due to the depletion of fossil fuels, biofuels represent an attractive alternative, particularly second-generation biofuels (B2G) derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Unfortunately, compared to the abundant literature on diesel and gasoline emissions, relatively few studies are devoted to alternative fuels and their health effects. This study aimed to compare the adverse effects of gasoline and B2G emissions on human bronchial epithelial cells. We characterized the emissions generated by propane combustion (CAST1), gasoline Surrogate, and B2G consisting of Surrogate blended with anisole (10%) (S+10A) or ethanol (10%) (S+10E). To study the cellular effects, BEAS-2B cells were cultured at air-liquid interface for seven days and exposed to different emissions. Cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism were measured. mRNA expression analysis was significantly modified by the Surrogate S+10A and S+10E emissions, especially CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Inflammation markers, IL-6 and IL-8, were mainly downregulated doubtless due to the PAHs content on PM. Overall, these results demonstrated that ultrafine particles generated from biofuels Surrogates had a toxic effect at least similar to that observed with a gasoline substitute (Surrogate), involving probably different toxicity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Clément Castilla
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Hélène Lavanant
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Laurence Chevalier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM-UMR6634, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - François-Xavier Ouf
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, PSN-RES, SCA, LPMA, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécile Corbière
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, ABTE UR 4651 F, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Yon
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France
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5
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Juarez-Facio AT, Castilla C, Corbière C, Lavanant H, Afonso C, Morin C, Merlet-Machour N, Chevalier L, Vaugeois JM, Yon J, Monteil C. Development of a standardized in vitro approach to evaluate microphysical, chemical, and toxicological properties of combustion-derived fine and ultrafine particles. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:104-117. [PMID: 34963520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine (FP) and ultrafine (UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a miniCAST (Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot generator used with two different operating conditions (CAST1 and CAST3). The chemical characterization was performed by an untargeted analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. In conjunction with this approach, subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). CAST1 enabled the generation of FP with a predominance of small PAH molecules, and CAST3 enabled the generation of UFP, which presented higher numbers of carbon atoms corresponding to larger PAH molecules. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) were directly exposed to these freshly emitted FP and UFP. Expression of MUC5AC, FOXJ1, OCLN and ZOI as well as microscopic observation confirmed the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial phenotype. Study of the mass deposition efficiency revealed a difference between the two operating conditions, probably due to the morphological differences between the two categories of particles. We demonstrated that only NHBE cells exposed to CAST3 particles induced upregulation in the gene expression of IL-8 and NQO1. This approach offers new perspectives to study FP and UFP with stable and controlled properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clément Castilla
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Hélène Lavanant
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Laurence Chevalier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM-UMR6634, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Jérôme Yon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France
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6
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Speisky H, Shahidi F, Costa de Camargo A, Fuentes J. Revisiting the Oxidation of Flavonoids: Loss, Conservation or Enhancement of Their Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010133. [PMID: 35052636 PMCID: PMC8772813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids display a broad range of health-promoting bioactivities. Among these, their capacity to act as antioxidants has remained most prominent. The canonical reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging mode of the antioxidant action of flavonoids relies on the high susceptibility of their phenolic moieties to undergo oxidation. As a consequence, upon reaction with ROS, the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids is severely compromised. Other phenol-compromising reactions, such as those involved in the biotransformation of flavonoids, can also markedly affect their antioxidant properties. In recent years, however, increasing evidence has indicated that, at least for some flavonoids, the oxidation of such residues can in fact markedly enhance their original antioxidant properties. In such apparent paradoxical cases, the antioxidant activity arises from the pro-oxidant and/or electrophilic character of some of their oxidation-derived metabolites and is exerted by activating the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway, which upregulates the cell’s endogenous antioxidant capacity, and/or, by preventing the activation of the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. This review focuses on the effects that the oxidative and/or non-oxidative modification of the phenolic groups of flavonoids may have on the ability of the resulting metabolites to promote direct and/or indirect antioxidant actions. Considering the case of a metabolite resulting from the oxidation of quercetin, we offer a comprehensive description of the evidence that increasingly supports the concept that, in the case of certain flavonoids, the oxidation of phenolics emerges as a mechanism that markedly amplifies their original antioxidant properties. An overlooked topic of great phytomedicine potential is thus unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.F.); Tel.: +56-(2)-2978-1519 (H.S.)
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7
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Song Z, Zhong X, Li M, Gao P, Ning Z, Sun Z, Song X. 1-MNA Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Heart Injury by Upregulating Nrf2 Expression and Inhibiting NF-κB in vivo and in vitro. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:721814. [PMID: 34712707 PMCID: PMC8545986 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.721814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of free fatty acids (FFA) are closely associated with obesity and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism has emerged as a potential target for several modern diseases including diabetes. Herein, we explored the underlying mechanisms of NAD metabolism associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Our study found that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) mRNA levels were significantly increased in the hearts of FFA-bound-albumin-overloaded mice and in H9C2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA). We studied the mechanisms underlining the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), a metabolite of NNMT. We found a significantly higher level of reactive oxygen species, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell hypertrophy in PA-treated H9C2 cells and this effect was inhibited by 1-MNA treatment. in vivo, 1-MNA improved inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis damage in mice and this inhibition was associated with inhibited NF-κB activity. In conclusion, our study revealed that 1-MNA may prevent high fatty diet and PA-induced heart injury by regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguang Song
- Cardiovascular Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Cardiovascular Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Cardiovascular Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pingping Gao
- Cardiovascular Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, DaQing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Cardiovascular Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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8
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Juarez Facio AT, Yon J, Corbière C, Rogez-Florent T, Castilla C, Lavanant H, Mignot M, Devouge-Boyer C, Logie C, Chevalier L, Vaugeois JM, Monteil C. Toxicological impact of organic ultrafine particles (UFPs) in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells at air-liquid interface. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 78:105258. [PMID: 34653646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution has significant health effects worldwide, and airborne particles play a significant role in these effects. Ultrafine particles (UFPs) have an aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 μm or less, can penetrate deep into the respiratory tree, and are more toxic due to their large specific surface area, which should adsorb organic compounds. The aim of this study is to show the toxicological effects of UFPs with high organic content at low dose on BEAS-2B cells through at air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure using a Vitrocell® technology and a miniCAST (Combustion Aerosol Standard) generator. In conjunction with this approach, chemical analysis of particles and gas phase was performed to evaluate the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Chemical analyses confirmed the presence of PAHs in UFPs. With this experimental setup, exposure of the BEAS-2B cells induced neither cytotoxicity nor mitochondrial dysfunction. However, an increase of oxidative stress was observed, as assessed through Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and Catalase gene expression, together with significant induction of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Negative regulation of inflammatory genes expression (IL-6 and IL-8) was present three hours after the exposition to the UFPs. Taken together, this experimental approach, using repeatable conditions, should help to clarify the mechanisms by which organic UFPs induce toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Yon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Corbière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - C Castilla
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UMR 6014 CNRS, COBRA, 76801, Saint Etienne Du Rouvray, France
| | - H Lavanant
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UMR 6014 CNRS, COBRA, 76801, Saint Etienne Du Rouvray, France
| | - M Mignot
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UMR 6014 CNRS, COBRA, 76801, Saint Etienne Du Rouvray, France
| | - C Devouge-Boyer
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UMR 6014 CNRS, COBRA, 76801, Saint Etienne Du Rouvray, France
| | - C Logie
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - L Chevalier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM-UMR6634, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - J-M Vaugeois
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Monteil
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France.
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9
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Tentscher PR, Escher BI, Schlichting R, König M, Bramaz N, Schirmer K, von Gunten U. Toxic effects of substituted p-benzoquinones and hydroquinones in in vitro bioassays are altered by reactions with the cell assay medium. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117415. [PMID: 34348209 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Substituted para-benzoquinones and hydroquinones are ubiquitous transformation products that arise during oxidative water treatment of phenolic precursors, for example through ozonation or chlorination. The benzoquinone structural motive is associated with mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, and also with induction of the oxidative stress response through the Nrf2 pathway. For either endpoint, toxicological data for differently substituted compounds are scarce. In this study, oxidative stress response, as indicated by the AREc32 in vitro bioassay, was induced by differently substituted para-benzoquinones, but also by the corresponding hydroquinones. Bioassays that indicate defense against genotoxicity (p53RE-bla) and DNA repair activity (UmuC) were not activated by these compounds. Stability tests conducted under incubation conditions, but in the absence of cell lines, showed that tested para-benzoquinones reacted rapidly with constituents of the incubation medium. Compounds were abated already in phosphate buffer, but even faster in biological media, with reactions attributed to amino- and thiol-groups of peptides, proteins, and free amino acids. The products of these reactions were often the corresponding substituted hydroquinones. Conversely, differently substituted hydroquinones were quantitatively oxidized to p-benzoquinones over the course of the incubation. The observed induction of the oxidative stress response was attributed to hydroquinones that are presumably oxidized to benzoquinones inside the cells. Despite the instability of the tested compounds in the incubation medium, the AREc32 in vitro bioassay could be used as an unspecific sum parameter to detect para-benzoquinones and hydroquinones in oxidatively treated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Tentscher
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Nadine Bramaz
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland; Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), School of Architecture, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf CH-8600, Switzerland; Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), School of Architecture, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
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10
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Sbardelotto AB, Barros-Nepomuceno FWA, Soares BM, Cavalcanti BC, Ramos de Sousa RW, Costa MPD, Pessoa ODL, Pessoa C, Ferreira PMP. Cellular and biochemical antileukemic mechanisms of the meroterpenoid Oncocalyxone A. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:95-111. [PMID: 33092495 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1835763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oncocalyxone A, a 1,4-benzoquinone derived from Cordia oncocalyx, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study was to (1) examine the cytotoxic actions of oncocalyxone A on human normal and tumor cell lines and (2) determine mechanistic actions underlying effects upon leukemia cells using cellular and molecular techniques. Antiproliferative studies on cancer cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and human erythrocytes were performed using colorimetric assays. To understand cytotoxicity, assessments were performed with HL-60 leukemia cells (8, 16.5, or 33 µM) after 24 hr incubation using light and fluorescence microscopy, trypan blue, flow cytometry, Comet assay, western blot of caspases and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and effects on topoisomerase I and II. Oncocalyxone A exhibited cytotoxic action upon HL-60 cells and dividing leukocytes, but minimal hemolytic action on erythrocytes. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated reduction of cell viability, loss of membrane integrity, cell shrinking, chromatin condensation, blebbings, externalization of phosphatidylserine, caspase activation, PARP cleavage, mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA damage. Pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine 4 mM significantly reduced DNA damage and prevented membrane integrity loss. Oncocalyxone A displayed free radical dependent antileukemic activity via apoptotic pathways and induced DNA damage in HL-60 cells. Oncocalyxone A possesses structural chemical simplicity enabling it to be a cost-effective alternative. These properties justify further improvements to enhance activity and selectivity and the development of pharmaceutical formulations. Abbreviations Acridine orange, AO; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BSA, bovine serum albumin; DI, Damage Index; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; EC50, effective concentration 50%; EDTA, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; EB, ethidium bromide; HCT-116, colon carcinoma line; HL-60, promyelocytic leukemia line; IC50, inhibitory concentration 50%; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; OVCAR-8, ovarian carcinoma line; NAC, N-acetylcysteine, PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PI, propidium iodide; PARP, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase; RPMI-1640, Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium; SF-295, glioblastoma line; ROS, reactive oxygen species; 7-AAD, 7-amino-actinomycin D; H2-DCF-DA, 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Borba Sbardelotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Marques Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rayran Walter Ramos de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
| | - Marcília Pinheiro da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
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11
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Ojeaburu S, Oriakhi K. Hepatoprotective, antioxidant and, anti-inflammatory potentials of gallic acid in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:177-185. [PMID: 33489777 PMCID: PMC7806503 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a known phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities. The objective of this research is to evaluate the preventive role of GA against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis. Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were used in this study and were equally distributed into five groups (7 rats each). All groups were acclimatized for a week, Group I (control) rats were administered distilled water only. Group II rats were induced with a single dose of CCl4 (1.25 mL/kg in olive oil (1:1); IP) to cause hepatic damage, while Groups III, IV, and V, rats were intoxicated with CCl4. After 24 h the rats in groups III, IV, and V were given 50 mg/kg of silymarin, 50 mg/kg of GA, and 100 mg/kg of GA daily for one week respectively. Rats were sacrificed and fasting blood was estimated for biochemical analysis while the liver was excised for molecular studies. Results from this study revealed that GA significantly decreases serum hepatic enzymes, down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B), interleukin 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF α), and up-regulate antioxidant gene expression (superoxide dismutase and catalase). The use of gallic acid as natural antioxidants can be promising in ameliorating liver diseases.
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Key Words
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antioxidant
- CAT, catalase
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- COX2, cyclooxygenase 2
- Cytokines
- DGA, dodecylgallate
- GA, gallic acid
- GAPDH, glyceraldehydes3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
- GSH, glutathione
- Gallic acid
- IL-1β, interleukin 1beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Keap1, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- Liver disease
- MDA, maloniadehyde
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells
- Nrf 2, nuclear factor erythroid- derived 2 like 2 genes
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SYBR, green fluorescent DNA Stain
- TB, total bilirubin
- TNF α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- TP, total protein
- cDNA, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- S.I Ojeaburu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - K Oriakhi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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12
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Lu PCW, Shahbaz S, Winn LM. Benzene and its effects on cell signaling pathways related to hematopoiesis and leukemia. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1018-1032. [PMID: 32112456 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is an environmental toxicant found in many consumer products. It is an established human carcinogen and is known to cause acute myeloid leukemia in adults. Epidemiological evidence has since shown that benzene can cross the placenta and affect the fetal liver. Animal studies have shown that in utero exposure to benzene can increase tumor incidence in offspring. Although there have been risk factors established for acute myeloid leukemia, they still do not account for many of the cases. Clearly then, current efforts to elucidate the mechanism by which benzene exerts its carcinogenic properties have been superficial. Owing to the critical role of cell signaling pathways in the development of an organism and its various organ systems, it seems plausible to suspect that these pathways may have a role in leukemogenesis. This review article assesses current evidence of the effects of benzene on critical hematopoietic signaling pathways. Pathways discussed included Hedgehog, Notch/Delta, Wingless/Integrated, nuclear factor-kappaB and others. Following a review of the literature, it seems that current evidence about the effects of benzene on these critical signaling pathways remains limited. Given the important role of these pathways in hematopoiesis, more attention should be given to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C W Lu
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Shahbaz
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Environmental Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Wang G, Cheng S, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Xiao Y, Ju L. LPS impairs steroidogenesis and ROS metabolism and induces PPAR transcriptional activity to disturb estrogen/androgen receptor expression in testicular cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1045-1056. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Wang XW, Tian RM, Yang YQ, Lu ZY, Han XD, Liu XS, Mao W, Xu P, Xu HT, Liu B. Triptriolide antagonizes triptolide-induced nephrocyte apoptosis via inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109232. [PMID: 31369987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide(T9) is a predominant bioactive component extracted from Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF), and has multiple pharmacological activities, such as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities, et al. However, severe adverse effects and toxicity, particularly nephrotoxicity, limit its clinical application. It has been demonstrated that the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway could alleviate T9-induced nephrocyte damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of triptriolide (T11) against T9-induced nephrocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Renal injury models were established in human kidney 2 (HK2) cells and BALB/c mice using T9, and the protective effects of T11 were probed in vitro and in vivo, respectively. T9 induced nephrocyte damage in HK2 cells and BALB/c mice by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which resulted in the apoptosis of nephrocyte and injury of renal function. While, pretreatment of T11 effectively reversed these changes, resulting in the obvious decrease of oxidative stress and renal function parameters, ameliorated nephrocyte apoptosis, improved cell morphology, and higher increase of Nrf2, NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein levels in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, T11 protected against T9-induced nephrocyte apoptosis possibly via suppressing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wan Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Rui-Min Tian
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Qi Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yu Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Mao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, PR China.
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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15
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The effects of Nrf2 knockout on regulation of benzene-induced mouse hematotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 358:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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Kim H, Park CS, Lee AY. Reduced Nrf2 activation in PI3K phosphorylation-impaired vitiliginous keratinocytes increases susceptibility to ROS-generating chemical-induced apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2481-2491. [PMID: 28836394 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes in affected epidermis of vitiligo patients are known to have impaired activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Based on critical roles of keratinocytes and oxidative stress in vitiligo development, this study examined whether keratinocytes with impaired PI3K activation were more vulnerable to apoptosis caused by oxidative stress from phenolic compounds, p-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP) and hydroquinone (HQ). Cell viability assay, FACS analysis, ELISA for TNF-α or IL-1a, ROS assay, Western blot analysis for Nrf2 expression, and confocal microscopy with anti-Nrf2 and phospho-PI3K antibodies were done on primary cultured normal human keratinocytes with or without PI3K knockdown in the presence or absence of chemical treatment or antioxidant. Immunofluorescence staining using anti-Nrf2, phospho-PI3K, TNF-ɑ, and IL-1ɑ antibodies, ROS assay using dihydroethidium, and TUNEL assay were performed on sets of depigmented and normally pigmented skin from vitiligo patients. Results showed that 4-TBP or HQ treatment increased apoptosis and the expression levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-1ɑ, and ROS in PI3K-knockdown keratinocytes which reduced Nrf2 nuclear translocation compared to control keratinocytes. These changes were significantly recovered by an antioxidant treatment. Depigmented epidermis of vitiligo patients also showed lower levels of Nrf2 and phospho-PI3K but higher levels of ROS, TNF-ɑ, IL-1ɑ, and ROS with more TUNEL-positive cells. Therefore, impaired PI3K activation in keratinocytes in depigmented epidermis of vitiligo patients are vulnerable to apoptosis caused by ROS-generating chemicals due to reduced Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyangmi Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-773, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 410-773, Republic of Korea
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17
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Gallic acid, a natural polyphenol, protects against tert-butyl hydroperoxide- induced hepatotoxicity by activating ERK-Nrf2-Keap1-mediated antioxidative response. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 119:479-488. [PMID: 29066411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a natural polyphenol, has been shown to exert a variety of heath promoting effects. We herein investigated the critical role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response in the protection of GA against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity in L02 cells. Pretreatment of GA prevented the hepatocytotoxicity induced by t-BHP, as evidenced by the facts that GA suppressed t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. GA induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 along with expression of target proteins, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic modify subunit (GCLC), and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content. Additionally, GA induced phosphorylated activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and ERK inhibitor PD98059 partially decreased GA-induced hepatoprotection, and downregulated the increased protein expressions of Nrf2, GCLC and HO-1 induced by GA. Interestingly, we found that GA could enhance the thermal stability of Keap1, which indicated the potential interaction between GA and Keap1. Furthermore, molecular docking indicated that GA possibly competed with Nrf2 for binding to Keap1. Collectively, GA effectively protects against t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity via inducing ERK/Nrf2-mediated antioxidative signaling pathway. Meanwhile, GA disturbs protein-protein interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 which might also contribute to nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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18
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Zhou LL, Zhou C, Liang XW, Feng Z, Liu ZP, Wang HL, Zhou XP. Self-protection against triptolide-induced toxicity in human hepatic cells via Nrf2-ARE-NQO1 pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 23:929-936. [PMID: 28523535 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find the signaling pathway of triptolide (TP)-induced liver injury and to reveal whether NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in cellular self-protection. METHODS The L-02 and HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of TP. The cell viability was observed, and the cell medium was collected for detecting the aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and L-glutathione production (GSH) levels. Nrf2 and its downstream target NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and the binding ability of Nrf2 and antioxidant response element (ARE) were also identified. Meanwhile, shRNA was used to silence Nrf2 in L-02 cells to find out whether Nrf2 plays a protective role. RESULTS The viability of the L-02 and HepG2 cells treated with TP decreased in a doseand time-dependent manner, and TP (20-80 μg/mL) markedly induced the release of ALT, AST and LDH (P<0.05 or P<0.01), reduced the levels of SOD and GSH (P<0.01), and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species. Meanwhile, TP augmented the Nrf2 expression in L-02 and HepG2 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01), induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased the Nrf2 ARE binding activity, and increased HO-1 and NQO1 expressions. Nrf2 knockdown revealed a more severe toxic effect of TP (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Human hepatic cells treated with TP induced oxidative stress, and led to cytotoxicity. Self-protection against TP-induced toxicity in human hepatic cells might be via Nrf2-ARE-NQO1 transcriptional pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi No.9 People's Hospital, Soochow University, Wuxi Hand Surgery Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214062, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Liang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 4102, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhe Feng
- School of Pharmacy, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhang-Pu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao-Lu Wang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 4102, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Xue-Ping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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19
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Kim J, Shin SH, Ko YE, Miki T, Bae HM, Kang JK, Kim JW. HX-1171, a Novel Nrf2 Activator, Induces NQO1 and HMOX1 Expression. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3372-3380. [PMID: 28300285 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
HX-1171 (1-O-hexyl-2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone) is a novel synthesized vitamin E derivative, which reportedly has positive effects on various diseases and conditions, such as liver fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, and cancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptional activity induced by HX-1171. Results from reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and promoter assays reveal that HX-1171 increased the expression of NQO1 and HMOX1, encoding antioxidant-related enzymes, in A549 human lung epithelial cells. The activity of nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf2), a key transcriptional factor for antioxidative enzymes, was examined in HX-1171-treated cells. Confocal microscopy and Western blotting showed that HX-1171 effectively induced the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. We conclude that HX-1171, a novel Nrf2 activator, may be a promising therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-induced diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3372-3380, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Shin
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Ko
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Heung-Mo Bae
- Biotoxtech Co., Ltd, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering, Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Le TXH, Nguyen TV, Amadou Yacouba Z, Zoungrana L, Avril F, Nguyen DL, Petit E, Mendret J, Bonniol V, Bechelany M, Lacour S, Lesage G, Cretin M. Correlation between degradation pathway and toxicity of acetaminophen and its by-products by using the electro-Fenton process in aqueous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:1-9. [PMID: 28064122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the degradation by-products of an acetaminophen (ACE) solution was monitored by HPLC-UV/MS and IC in parallel with its ecotoxicity (Vibrio fischeri 81.9%, Microtox® screening tests) during electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation performed on carbon felt. The aromatic compounds 2-hydroxy-4-(N-acetyl) aminophenol, 1,4-benzoquinone, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were identified as toxic sub-products during the first stage of the electrochemical treatment, whereas aliphatic short-chain carboxylic acids (oxalic, maleic, oxamic, formic, acetic and fumaric acids) and inorganic ions (ammonium and nitrate) were well identified as non-toxic terminal sub-products. Electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals then converted the eco-toxic and bio-refractory property of initial ACE molecule (500 mL, 1 mM) and subsequent aromatic sub-products into non-toxic compounds after 2 h of EF treatment. The toxicity of every intermediate produced during the mineralization of ACE was quantified, and a relationship was established between the degradation pathway of ACE and the global toxicity evolution of the solution. After 8 h of treatment, a total organic carbon removal of 86.9% could be reached for 0.1 mM ACE at applied current of 500 mA with 0.2 mM of Fe2+ used as catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xuan Huong Le
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France; Van Lang University, 45 Nguyen Khac Nhu, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Zoulkifli Amadou Yacouba
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Laetitia Zoungrana
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Florent Avril
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Duy Linh Nguyen
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Eddy Petit
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Mendret
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Valerie Bonniol
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Stella Lacour
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marc Cretin
- IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France.
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The role of Nrf2 in protection against Pb-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:191-201. [PMID: 26498409 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead exerts severe adverse effects on the nervous system in which oxidative stress might mediate impairments. In this study, we focused on Nrf2, which has been identified to significantly influence the protection of a cellular system against many xenobiotic compounds. We found that PbAc exhibited neurotoxicity mainly through oxidant-based processes and could be inhibited by NAC and DPI in SH-SY5Y cells. As a defense response, Nrf2 was activated when exposed to PbAc, thereby inducing a rapid increase in Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, as well as Nrf2-ARE binding activities in a ROS-dependent manner. Analysis of Nrf2-regulated gene expression and protein showed that PbAc could induce the mRNA transcription of HO-1, GSTα1, GCLM, GCLC, and NQO1, as well as the protein expression of HO-1 and γ-GCS. The responses of these genes to PbAc were regulated by Nrf2. Silencing Nrf2 expression in SH-SY5Y cells inhibited PbAc-induced gene transcription and protein expression. Overexpression of Nrf2 led to decreased ROS production and cell apoptosis, as well as increased cell viability under PbAc exposure. These results indicated that the Nrf2-ARE system exhibited a protective role in Pb-induced neurotoxicity, providing potential therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of Pb-related diseases.
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Zhao F, Shi D, Li T, Li L, Zhao M. Silymarin attenuates paraquat-induced lung injury via Nrf2-mediated pathway in vivo and in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:988-998. [PMID: 26173462 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the impacts and mechanisms of silymarin on paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro. In in vivo experiments, a total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups. The rats were killed on day 3. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were examined using HE and Masson's trichrome staining. Biomarkers of neutrophil activation, pulmonary oedema, pulmonary fibrosis, lung permeability and oxidative stress were detected. Several proinflammatory mediators and antioxidant related proteins were measured. In in vitro experiments, A549 cells were transfected with Nrf2 special siRNA to investigate the roles of Nrf2. The results show that silymarin administration abated PQ-induced lung histopathologic changes, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and lung wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio, suppressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitric oxide (NO)/inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) expression, downregulated hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, reduced total protein concentration and proinflammatory mediator release, and improved oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA; superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) in lung tissue and serum. Meanwhile, treatment with silymarin upregulated the levels of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO1). However, the addition of Nrf2 siRNA reduced the expression of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant protein HO-1 and thus reversed the protective effects of silymarin against oxidative stress and inflammatory response. These results suggest that silymarin may exert protective effects against PQ-induced lung injury. Its mechanisms were associated with the Nrf2-mediated pathway. Therefore, silymarin may be a potential therapeutic drug for lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danyang Shi
- Blood Purification Centre, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiegang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lizhuo Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Generation of stable ARE- driven reporter system for monitoring oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:38. [PMID: 26231224 PMCID: PMC4521422 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-015-0122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway is the major defensive mechanism against oxidative stress and is up regulated by specific antioxidants and oxidants to comprise the chemoptotective response. Detection of ARE-activating compounds helps to develop new drugs and identify/quantify the tension range of the oxidants. Important reasons promoting this work are high throughput, rapid and inexpensive experiments relative to the in vitro studies for ARE-Nrf2 pathway monitoring of chemicals and environmental samples. Methods In this study hepatoma Huh7 reporter cell line was generated which contains a luciferase gene under the control of an ARE. This is the first example of ARE construct containing one copy of extended consensus response element. The cells were treated with hydroquinone (HQ) and p-benzoquinone (BQ) (oxidative stress inducers) and the antioxidant, curcumin. Results The luciferase activity was induced in a concentration-dependent manner in a concentration range of 1–2 μM for BQ and HQ. Curcumin was also validated as an ARE inducer in concentration above 10 μM. In addition, this reporter cell line provides a rapid detection as early as 4 h to respond to the ARE inducers. Conclusion It is a powerful tool for the sensitive and selective screening of chemicals, drugs and environmental samples for their antioxidant and oxidant activities.
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Li J, Wang W, Moe B, Wang H, Li XF. Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of Halobenzoquinones, an Emerging Class of Disinfection Byproducts. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:306-18. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500494r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - Wei Wang
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - Birget Moe
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - Hailin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research
Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100085
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada, T6G 2G3
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25
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Zhu J, Bi Z, Yang T, Wang W, Li Z, Huang W, Wang L, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Fan N, Bai Y, Song W, Wang C, Wang H, Bi Y. Regulation of PKM2 and Nrf2-ARE pathway during benzoquinone induced oxidative stress in yolk sac hematopoietic stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113733. [PMID: 25437431 PMCID: PMC4250037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is an occupational toxicant and an environmental pollutant that is able to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and damages of the macromolecules in target cells, such as the hematopoietic stem cells. We had previously found that embryonic yolk sac hematopoietic stem cells (YS-HSCs) are more sensitive to benzene toxicity than the adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, and that nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the major regulator of cytoprotective responses to oxidative stress. In the present report, we investigated the effect of PKM2 and Nrf2-ARE pathway on the cellular antioxidant response to oxidative stress induced by benzene metabolite benzoquinone (BQ) in YS-HSC isolated from embryonic yolk sac and enriched by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Treatment of the YS-HSC with various concentrations of BQ for 6 hours induces ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. Additional tests showed that BQ is also capable of inducing expression of NADPH oxidase1 (NOX1), and several other antioxidant enzymes or drug-metabolizing enzymes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1). Concomitantly, only the expression of PKM2 protein was decreased by the treatment of BQ but not the PKM2 mRNA, which suggested that BQ may induce PKM2 degradation. Pretreatment of the cells with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreased ROS generation and prevented BQ-induced PKM2 degradation, suggesting involvement of ROS in the PKM2 protein degradation in cellular response to BQ. These findings suggest that BQ is a potent inducer of ROS generation and the subsequent antioxidant responses of the YS-HSC. The accumulated ROS may attenuate the expression of PKM2, a key regulator of the pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoyue Bi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology (Hubei Provincial Academy for Preventive Medicine), Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tan Yang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Huang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong District, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Shaozun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ningna Fan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - YuE Bai
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Song
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yongyi Bi
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
- Hubei Biomass-resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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26
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Wang Y, Zhang GY, Han QL, Wang J, Li Y, Yu CH, Li YR, Yi ZC. Phenolic metabolites of benzene induced caspase-dependent cytotoxicities to K562 cells accompanied with decrease in cell surface sialic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1437-1451. [PMID: 23776099 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzene-induced erythropoietic depression has been proposed to be due to the production of toxic metabolites. Presently, the cytotoxicities of benzene metabolites, including phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol, to erythroid progenitor-like K562 cells were investigated. After exposure to these metabolites, K562 cells showed significant inhibition of viability and apoptotic characteristics. Each metabolite caused a significant increase in activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and pretreatment with caspase-3, -8, and -9 inhibitors significantly inhibited benzene metabolites-induced phosphatidylserine exposure. These metabolites also elevated expression of Fas and FasL on the cell surface. After exposure to benzene metabolites, K562 cells showed an increase in reactive oxygen species level, and pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine significantly protected against the cytotoxicity of each metabolite. Interestingly, the control K562 cells and the phenol-exposed cells aggregated together, but the cells exposed to other metabolites were scattered. Further analysis showed that hydroquione, catechol, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol induced a decrease in the cell surface sialic acid levels and an increase in the cell surface sialidase activity, but phenol did not cause any changes in sialic acid levels and sialidase activity. Consistently, an increase in expression level of sialidase Neu3 mRNA and a decrease in mRNA level of sialyltransferase ST3GAL3 gene were detected in hydroquione-, catechol-, or 1,2,4-benzenetriol-treated cells, but no change in mRNA levels of two genes were found in phenol-treated cells. In conclusion, these benzene metabolites could induce apoptosis of K562 cells mainly through caspase-8-dependent pathway and ROS production, and sialic acid metabolism might play a role in the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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27
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Zhou J, Xi C, Wang W, Fu X, Jinqiang L, Qiu Y, Jin J, Xu J, Huang Z. Triptolide-induced oxidative stress involved with Nrf2 contribute to cardiomyocyte apoptosis through mitochondrial dependent pathways. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:454-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Li J, Shen F, Guan C, Wang W, Sun X, Fu X, Huang M, Jin J, Huang Z. Activation of Nrf2 protects against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100685. [PMID: 24988078 PMCID: PMC4079517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, the major active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (TWHF), has a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, the toxicities of triptolide, particularly the hepatotoxicity, limit its clinical application. The hepatotoxicity of triptolide has not been well characterized yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in triptolide-induced toxicity and whether activation of Nrf2 could protect against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. The results showed that triptolide caused oxidative stress and cell damage in HepG2 cells, and these toxic effects could be aggravated by Nrf2 knockdown or be counteracted by overexpression of Nrf2. Treatment with a typical Nrf2 agonist, sulforaphane (SFN), attenuated triptolide-induced liver dysfunction, structural damage, glutathione depletion and decrease in antioxidant enzymes in BALB/C mice. Moreover, the hepatoprotective effect of SFN on triptolide-induced liver injury was associated with the activation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets. Collectively, these results indicate that Nrf2 activation protects against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Pharmaceutical Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feihai Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiwen Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhe Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlu Fu
- Center of Laboratory Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center of Laboratory Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Li J, Wang W, Zhang H, Le XC, Li XF. Glutathione-mediated detoxification of halobenzoquinone drinking water disinfection byproducts in T24 cells. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:335-43. [PMID: 24812012 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are a new class of drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and are capable of producing reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative damage to proteins and DNA in T24 human bladder carcinoma cells. However, the exact mechanism of the cytotoxicity of HBQs is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes including glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in defense against HBQ-induced cytotoxicity in T24 cells. The HBQs are 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DCMBQ), 2,3,6-trichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TriCBQ), and 2,6-dibromobenzoquinone (DBBQ). We found that depletion of cellular GSH could sensitize cells to HBQs and extracellular GSH supplementation could attenuate HBQ-induced cytotoxicity. HBQs caused significant cellular GSH depletion and increased cellular GST activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Our mass spectrometry study confirms that HBQs can conjugate with GSH, explaining in part the mechanism of GSH depletion by HBQs. The effects of HBQs on GPx activity are compound dependent; DCMBQ and DBBQ decrease cellular GPx activities, whereas DCBQ and TriCBQ have no significant effects. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the cellular GSH level is inversely correlated with ROS production and cellular GST activity in HBQ-treated cells. These results support a GSH and GSH-related enzyme-mediated detoxification mechanism of HBQs in T24 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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30
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Kang MJ, Ha HW, Kim GH, Lee SK, Ahn YT, Kim DH, Jeong HG, Jeong TC. Role of Metabolism by Intestinal Bacteria in Arbutin-Induced Suppression of Lymphoproliferative Response in vitro. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:196-200. [PMID: 24116295 PMCID: PMC3792218 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.2.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Role of metabolism by intestinal bacteria in arbutin-induced immunotoxicity was investigated in splenocyte cultures. Following an incubation of arbutin with 5 different intestinal bacteria for 24 hr, its aglycone hydroquinone could be produced and detected in the bacterial culture media with different amounts. Toxic effects of activated arbutin by intestinal bacteria on lymphoproliferative response were tested in splenocyte cultures from normal mice. Lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin A were used as mitogens for B- and T-cells, respectively. When bacteria cultured medium with arbutin was treated into the splenocytes for 3 days, the medium cultured with bacteria producing large amounts of hydroquinone induced suppression of lymphoproliferative responses, indicating that metabolic activation by intestinal bacteria might be required in arbutin-induced toxicity. The results indicated that the present testing system might be applied for determining the possible role of metabolism by intestinal bacteria in certain chemical-induced immunotoxicity in animal cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749
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31
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Genotoxicity of hydroquinone in A549 cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:213-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Li J, Jin J, Li M, Guan C, Wang W, Zhu S, Qiu Y, Huang M, Huang Z. Role of Nrf2 in protection against triptolide-induced toxicity in rat kidney cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 213:194-202. [PMID: 22820427 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide is a major active ingredient of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. (TWHF) and has been shown to possess multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-neoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. However, severe adverse effects, especially nephrotoxicity, limit its clinical use. Oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in triptolide-induced renal injury, but the existence of other mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is an antioxidant nuclear transcription factor, plays a protective role in defense against triptolide-induced toxicity in a normal rat kidney cell line (NRK-52E). Triptolide induced oxidative stress in NRK-52E cells by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione (GSH), which resulted in a rapid increase in Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, as well as an induction of antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven genes. In addition, overexpression of Nrf2 protected against triptolide-induced cell death, whereas knockdown of Nrf2 by its specific small interfering RNA resulted in increased cytotoxicity. We also found that Nrf2 knockdown enhanced both the production of ROS and the depletion of GSH. Taken together, these results indicate that activation of Nrf2 plays a protective role against triptolide-induced cytotoxicity in NRK-52E cells through the counteraction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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33
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Myers CR. The effects of chromium(VI) on the thioredoxin system: implications for redox regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:2091-107. [PMID: 22542445 PMCID: PMC3955998 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are highly redox active and have long been recognized as potent cytotoxins and carcinogens. The intracellular reduction of Cr(VI) generates reactive Cr intermediates, which are themselves strong oxidants, as well as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical. These probably contribute to the oxidative damage and effects on redox-sensitive transcription factors that have been reported. However, the identification of events that initiate these signaling changes has been elusive. More recent studies show that Cr(VI) causes irreversible inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and oxidation of thioredoxin (Trx) and peroxiredoxin (Prx). Mitochondrial Trx2/Prx3 are more sensitive to Cr(VI) treatment than cytosolic Trx1/Prx1, although both compartments show thiol oxidation with higher doses or longer treatments. Thiol redox proteomics demonstrate that Trx2, Prx3, and Trx1 are among the most sensitive proteins in cells to Cr(VI) treatment. Their oxidation could therefore represent initiating events that have widespread implications for protein thiol redox control and for multiple aspects of redox signaling. This review summarizes the effects of Cr(VI) on the TrxR/Trx system and how these events could influence a number of downstream redox signaling systems that are influenced by Cr(VI) exposure. Some of the signaling events discussed include the activation of apoptosis signal regulating kinase and MAP kinases (p38 and JNK) and the modulation of a number of redox-sensitive transcription factors including AP-1, NF-κB, p53, and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Lee JS, Yang EJ, Kim IS. Hydroquinone-induced apoptosis of human lymphocytes through caspase 9/3 pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6737-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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ERK1/2 activation in quercetin-treated BEAS-2B cell plays a role in Nrf2-driven HO-1 expression. Mol Cell Toxicol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-011-0044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Role of metabolism by the human intestinal microflora in arbutin-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:318-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lodovici M, Bigagli E. Oxidative stress and air pollution exposure. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:487074. [PMID: 21860622 PMCID: PMC3155788 DOI: 10.1155/2011/487074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of air pollution-induced health effects involve oxidative stress and inflammation. As a matter of fact, particulate matter (PM), especially fine (PM(2.5), PM < 2.5 μm) and ultrafine (PM(0.1), PM < 0.1 μm) particles, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and transition metals, are potent oxidants or able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress can trigger redox-sensitive pathways that lead to different biological processes such as inflammation and cell death. However, it does appear that the susceptibility of target organ to oxidative injury also depends upon its ability to upregulate protective scavenging systems. As vehicular traffic is known to importantly contribute to PM exposure, its intensity and quality must be strongly relevant determinants of the qualitative characteristics of PM spread in the atmosphere. Change in the composition of this PM is likely to modify its health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Lodovici
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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