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Yao J, Sun T, Zheng S, Ma J, Zeng Q, Liu K, Zhang W, Yu Y. The protective effect of teprenone in TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis rats by modulating the gut microbiota and reducing inflammatory response. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:255-263. [PMID: 38252282 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2308252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic and refractory nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease, affects millions of patients worldwide and increases the risk of colorectal cancer. Teprenone is an acylic polyisoprenoid that exerts anti-inflammatory properties in rat models of peptic ulcer disease. This in vitro and in vivo study was designed to investigate the effects of teprenone on UC and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 cells) serve as the in vitro experimental model. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) was employed to stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), MyD88 expression, and NF-κB activation. A trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic UC rat model was employed for the in vivo assay. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation by LPS in Caco-2 cells was inhibited by teprenone at 40 μg/mL through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Teprenone attenuated TNBS-induced UC, decreased myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, induced TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation, and increased glutathione and zonula occludens-1 level in the rat colonic tissue. Moreover, Fusobacterium, Escherichia coli, Porphyromonas gingivalis elevation, and Mogibacterium timidum decline in UC rats were inhibited by teprenone. CONCLUSION Based on our results, the protective effects of teprenone for UC may be related to its ability to modulate the gut microbiota and reduce the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Endoscopy, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songbai Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglian Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangwei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mohamed ME, El-Shafae AM, Fikry E, Elbaramawi SS, Elbatreek MH, Tawfeek N. Casuarina glauca branchlets' extract as a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis: chemical composition, in silico and in vivo studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1322181. [PMID: 38196993 PMCID: PMC10774231 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1322181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that is often resistant to current treatment options, leading to a need for alternative therapies. Herbal products have shown promise in managing various conditions, including UC. However, the potential of Casuarina glauca branchlets ethanolic extract (CGBRE) in treating UC has not been explored. This study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of CGBRE and evaluate its efficacy in UC treatment through in silico and in vivo experiments. LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to identify 86 compounds in CGBRE, with 21 potential bioactive compounds determined through pharmacokinetic analysis. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 171 potential UC targets for the bioactive compounds, including EGFR, LRRK2, and HSP90 as top targets, which were found to bind to key CGBRE compounds through molecular docking. Molecular docking findings suggested that CGBRE may be effective in the prevention or treatment of ulcerative colitis mediated by these proteins, where key CGBRE compounds exhibited good binding affinities through formation of numerous interactions. In vivo studies in rats with acetic acid-induced UC demonstrated that oral administration of 300 mg/kg CGBRE for 6 days reduced UC symptoms and colonic expression of EGFR, LRRK2, and HSP90. These findings supported the therapeutic potential of CGBRE in UC and suggested the need for further preclinical and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged E. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza M. El-Shafae
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Fikry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar S. Elbaramawi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nora Tawfeek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Hong Z, Shi C, Hu X, Chen J, Li T, Zhang L, Bai Y, Dai J, Sheng J, Xie J, Tian Y. Walnut Protein Peptides Ameliorate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Damage in Mice: An in Silico Analysis and in Vivo Investigation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15604-15619. [PMID: 37815395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a food with food-medicine homology, whose derived protein peptides have been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. However, the effects and mechanisms of walnut protein peptides on ulcerative colitis (UC) in vivo have not been systematically and thoroughly investigated. In this study, we applied virtual screening and network pharmacology screening of bioactive peptides to obtain three novel WPPs (SHTLP, HYNLN, and LGTYP) that may alleviate UC through TLR4-MAPK signaling. In vivo studies have shown that WPPs improve intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction and reduce inflammation by inhibiting activation of the TLR4-MAPK pathway. In addition, WPPs restore intestinal microbial homeostasis by reducing harmful bacteria (Helicobacter and Bacteroides) and increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Candidatus_Saccharimonas). Our study showed that the WPPs obtained by virtual screening were effective in ameliorating colitis, which has important implications for future screening of bioactive peptides from medicinal food homologues as drugs or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chongying Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinlian Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuying Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jingjing Dai
- School of Tea and Coffee, Puer University, Puer 665000, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Tea and Coffee, Puer University, Puer 665000, China
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Wen X, Xie R, Wang HG, Zhang MN, He L, Zhang MH, Yang XZ. Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates experimental colitis through the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4657-4670. [PMID: 37662857 PMCID: PMC10472902 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i30.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promising therapeutic effects on mice with experimental colitis and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). FMT modulates the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway to treat some other diseases. However, it remains unknown whether this modulation is also involved in the treatment of UC. AIM To clarify the necessity of TLR4 signaling pathway in FMT on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced mice and explain the mechanism of FMT on UC, through association analysis of gut microbiota with colon transcriptome in mice. METHODS A mouse colitis model was constructed with wild-type (WT) and TLR4-knockout (KO) mice. Fecal microbiota was transplanted by gavage. Colon inflammation severity was measured by disease activity index (DAI) scoring and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Gut microbiota structure was analyzed through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Gene expression in the mouse colon was obtained by transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The KO (DSS + Water) and KO (DSS + FMT) groups displayed indistinguishable body weight loss, colon length, DAI score, and histology score, which showed that FMT could not inhibit the disease in KO mice. In mice treated with FMT, the relative abundance of Akkermansia decreased, and Lactobacillus became dominant. In particular, compared with those in WT mice, the scores of DAI and colon histology were clearly decreased in the KO-DSS group. Microbiota structure showed a significant difference between KO and WT mice. Akkermansia were the dominant genus in healthy KO mice. The ineffectiveness of FMT in KO mice was related to the decreased abundance of Akkermansia. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes between each group were mainly involved in cytoplasmic translation and cellular response to DNA damage stimulus. The top nine genes correlating with Akkermansia included Aqp4, Clca4a, Dpm3, Fau, Mcrip1, Meis3, Nupr1 L, Pank3, and Rps13 (|R| > 0.9, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION FMT may ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by regulating the TLR4 signaling pathway. TLR4 modulates the composition of gut microbiota and the expression of related genes to ameliorate colitis and maintain the stability of the intestinal environment. Akkermansia bear great therapeutic potential for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min-Na Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Le He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lin Q, Hao WJ, Zhou RM, Huang CL, Wang XY, Liu YS, Li XZ. Pretreatment with Bifidobacterium longum BAA2573 ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by modulating gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1211259. [PMID: 37346749 PMCID: PMC10280014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic lifelong inflammatory disease. Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium longum are considered to be beneficial to the recovery of intestinal inflammation by interaction with gut microbiota. Our goals were to define the effect of the exclusive use of BAA2573 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, including improvement of symptoms, alleviation of histopathological damage, and modulation of gut microbiota. Methods In the present study, we pretreated C57BL/6J mice with Bifidobacterium longum BAA2573, one of the main components in an over-the-counter (OTC) probiotic mixture BIFOTO capsule, before modeling with DSS. 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based non-targeted metabolomic profiling were performed with the collected feces. Results We found that pretreatment of Bifidobacterium longum BAA2573 given by gavage significantly improved symptoms and histopathological damage in DSS-induced colitis mice. After the BAA2573 intervention, 57 genera and 39 metabolites were significantly altered. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that starch and sucrose metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism may contribute to ameliorating colitis. Moreover, we revealed that the gut microbiome and metabolites were interrelated in the BAA2573 intervention group, while Alistipes was the core genus. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the impact of BAA2573 on the gut microbiota and reveals a possible novel adjuvant therapy for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lin
- Nephrology and Immunology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wu-Juan Hao
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren-Min Zhou
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Shan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Li
- Nephrology and Immunology Department, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li L, Li J. Dimerization of Transmembrane Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:393. [PMID: 37103820 PMCID: PMC10143916 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) are integrated membrane proteins that span the entire lipid bilayer and are permanently anchored to it. TMEMs participate in various cellular processes. Some TMEMs usually exist and perform their physiological functions as dimers rather than monomers. TMEM dimerization is associated with various physiological functions, such as the regulation of enzyme activity, signal transduction, and cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the dimerization of transmembrane proteins in cancer immunotherapy. This review is divided into three parts. First, the structures and functions of several TMEMs related to tumor immunity are introduced. Second, the characteristics and functions of several typical TMEM dimerization processes are analyzed. Finally, the application of the regulation of TMEM dimerization in cancer immunotherapy is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingying Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Roxadustat protect mice from DSS-induced colitis in vivo by up-regulation of TLR4. Genomics 2023; 115:110585. [PMID: 36801437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is growing in the population. At present, the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear, and there is no effective and low-toxic therapeutic drug. The role of the PHD-HIF pathway in relieving DSS-induced colitis is gradually being explored. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were used as a model of DSS-induced colitis to explore the important role of Roxadustat in alleviating DSS-induced colitis. High-throughput RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR methods were used to screen and verify the key differential genes in the colon of mice between normal saline (NS) and Roxadustat groups. RESULTS Roxadustat could alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Compared with the mice in the NS group, TLR4 were significantly up-regulated in the Roxadustat group. TLR4 KO mice were used to verify the role of TLR4 in the alleviation of DSS-induced colitis by Roxadustat. CONCLUSION Roxadustat has a repairing effect on DSS-induced colitis, and may alleviate DSS-induced colitis by targeting the TLR4 pathway and promote intestinal stem cell proliferation.
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Huang J, Wu T, Zhong Y, Huang J, Kang Z, Zhou B, Zhao H, Liu D. Effect of curcumin on regulatory B cells in chronic colitis mice involving TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:731-742. [PMID: 36196887 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) is a natural active phenolic compound extracted from the root of Curcuma Longa L. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities, and is commonly used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is not clear whether curcumin regulates the function and differentiation of Breg cells to treat UC. In this study, mice with chronic colitis were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and treated with curcumin for 12 days. Curcumin effectively improved the body weight, colonic weight, colonic length, decreased colonic weight index and pathological injury score under colonoscopy in mice with chronic colitis, and significantly inhibited the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-33, CCL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and promoted the secretion of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IgA. Importantly, curcumin markedly upregulated CD3- CD19+ CD1d+ , CD3- CD19+ CD25+ , CD3- CD19+ Foxp3+ Breg cells level and significantly down-regulated CD3- CD19+ PD-L1+ , CD3- CD19+ tim-1+ , CD3- CD19+ CD27+ Breg cells level. In addition, our results also showed that curcumin observably inhibited TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, MyD88, IRAK4, p-IRAK4, NF-κB P65, IRAK1, TRAF6, TAB1, TAB2, TAK1, MKK3, MKK6, p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK and CREB expression in TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway. These results suggest that curcumin can regulate the differentiation and function of Breg cell to alleviate DSS-induced colitis, which may be realized by inhibiting TLR/MyD88 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youbao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengping Kang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bugao Zhou
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Liu X, Ma Z, Wang Y, Li L, Jia H, Zhang L. Compound probiotics can improve intestinal health by affecting the gut microbiota of broilers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad388. [PMID: 37982805 PMCID: PMC10724112 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, as a widely used additive, have played a unique advantage in replacing antibiotic products. As a result, the probiotic effects on broiler development, intestinal flora, intestinal barrier, and immunity were assessed by this investigation. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 4 groups of 5 replicates with 24 broilers each. The control was fed only a basal corn-soybean meal diet. Probiotics I, probiotics II, and probiotics III were fed basal diet and 1, 5, and 10 g/kg compound probiotics (Lactobacillus casei: Lactobacillus acidophilus: Bifidobacterium = 1:1:2), respectively. We found that broilers in the compound probiotic group exhibited better growth performance and carcass characteristics compared with control, especially among probiotics III group. The intestinal barrier-related genes relative expression of Claudin, Occludin, MUC2, and ZO-1 mRNA in the probiotic group increased at 21 and 42 d compared with control, especially among probiotics III group (P < 0.05). The early gut immune-related genes (TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, and IL-2) mRNA increased compared with control, while the trend at 42 d was completely opposite to that in the earlier stage (P < 0.05). Among them, probiotics III group showed the most significant changes compared to probiotics II group and probiotics I group. Select probiotics III group and control group for 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing results demonstrated that probiotics increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbes such as o_Bacteroidales, f_Rikenellaceae, and g_Alistipes and improved the cecum's gut microbiota of 42-day-old broilers. Additionally, adding the probiotics decreased the relative abundance of harmful microbes such as Proteobacteria. PICRUSt2 functional analysis revealed that most proteins were enriched in DNA replication, transcription, and glycolysis processes. Therefore, this study can provide theoretical reference value for probiotics to improve production performance, improve intestinal barrier, immunity, intestinal flora of broilers, and the application of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
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10
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Xu XL, Zhao Y, Chen MM, Li Y, Li Y, Wu SJ, Zhang JL, Zhang XS, Yu K, Lian ZX. Shifts in intestinal microbiota and improvement of sheep immune response to resist Salmonella infection using Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) overexpression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1075164. [PMID: 36876076 PMCID: PMC9974671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1075164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) identifies Gram-negative bacteria or their products and plays a crucial role in host defense against invading pathogens. In the intestine, TLR4 recognizes bacterial ligands and interacts with the immune system. Although TLR4 signaling is a vital component of the innate immune system, the influence of TLR4 overexpression on innate immune response and its impact on the composition of the intestinal microbiota is unknown. Methods Here, we obtained macrophages from sheep peripheral blood to examine phagocytosis and clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in macrophages. Meanwhile, we characterized the complex microbiota inhabiting the stools of TLR4 transgenic (TG) sheep and wild-type (WT) sheep using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) deep sequencing. Results The results showed that TLR4 overexpression promoted the secretion of more early cytokines by activating downstream signaling pathways after stimulation by S. Typhimurium. Furthermore, diversity analysis demonstrated TLR4 overexpression increased microbial community diversity and regulated the composition of intestinal microbiota. More importantly, TLR4 overexpression adjusted the gut microbiota composition and maintained intestinal health by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and inflammation and oxidative stress-producing bacteria (Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae) and upregulating the abundance of Bacteroidetes population and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Prevotellaceae. These dominant bacterial genera changed by TLR4 overexpression revealed a close correlation with the metabolic pathways of TG sheep. Discussion Taken together, our findings suggested that TLR4 overexpression can counteract S. Typhimurium invasion as well as resist intestinal inflammation in sheep by regulating intestinal microbiota composition and enhancing anti-inflammatory metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ming Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Jun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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11
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Jatrorrhizine Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating the Intestinal Barrier Function and Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3498310. [PMID: 36193153 PMCID: PMC9526656 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3498310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC), a kind of autoimmune disease with unknown etiology, has been troubling human physical and mental health. Jatrorrhizine (Jat) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptis Chinensis, which has been proved to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. Purpose The purpose is to explore the therapeutic effect of Jat on DSS-induced UC and the mechanism of action. Study Design. The UC mice model was induced by 3% DSS in drinking water. The mice were orally administered with Jat (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) for 10 days. Methods The changes in body weight, colon length, spleen wet weight index, disease activity index (DAI), colonic histopathology, and inflammatory factors of serum and colon tissue were analyzed to evaluate the severity of colitis mice. The colon mucus secretion capacity was analyzed by Alcian blue periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. Furthermore, protein expressions such as TLR4, MyD88, p–NF–κB-p65, NF-κB-p65, COX-2, ZO-1, and Occludin were detected to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Jat on DSS-induced colitis model. Results The results showed that Jat could significantly alleviate the symptoms, colon shortening, spleen index, and histological damage and restore the body weight in DSS-induced colitis mice. Jat also suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines and upregulated the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Jat repaired the intestinal barrier function by upregulating the level of colonic tight junction (TJ) proteins and enhancing the secretion of mucin produced by goblet cells. Furthermore, Jat could significantly suppress the expression of TLR4, MyD88, p–NF–κB-p65/NF-κB-p65, and COX-2 in colon tissue. Conclusion The results suggested that Jat plays a protective role in DSS-induced colitis by regulating the intestinal barrier function and inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the therapeutic and protective effects of Jat on UC.
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12
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Gubatan J, Boye TL, Temby M, Sojwal RS, Holman DR, Sinha SR, Rogalla SR, Nielsen OH. Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role in Pathogenesis, Dietary Modulation, and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1371. [PMID: 35889090 PMCID: PMC9316834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has increasingly been recognized as a critical and central factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we review specific microorganisms that have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD and the current state of fecal microbial transplants as a therapeutic strategy in IBD. We discuss specific nutritional and dietary interventions in IBD and their effects on gut microbiota composition. Finally, we examine the role and mechanisms of the gut microbiome in mediating colitis-associated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Theresa Louise Boye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.L.B.); or (O.H.N.)
| | - Michelle Temby
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Raoul S. Sojwal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Derek R. Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Sidhartha R. Sinha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Stephan R. Rogalla
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.T.); (R.S.S.); (D.R.H.); (S.R.S.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.L.B.); or (O.H.N.)
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13
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El-Maadawy WH, Hafiz E, Okasha H, Osman NA, Ali GH, Hussein RA. Phycocyanin stimulates ulcerative colitis healing via selective activation of cannabinoid receptor-2, intestinal mucosal healing, Treg accumulation, and p38MAPK/MK2 signaling inhibition. Life Sci 2022; 305:120741. [PMID: 35777583 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition that until this date, lacks curative treatments. Previously, synthetic selective CB2 receptor (CB2R) agonists demonstrated effective preclinical anti-inflammatory activities in UC. Phycocyanin (PC), photosynthetic assistant protein isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing blue green algae, has multiple pharmacological effects, however, it's effect against UC remains unexplored. Our study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effectiveness of PC against UC, and correlating its mechanisms with CB2R agonistic activities. In silico; PC showed structural similarity with endocannabinoid receptors' ligand "Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol", target prediction studies suggested high affinity for G-coupled protein family-receptors, and molecular docking affirmed preferable affinity towards CB2R vs CB1R. In LPS-exposed-Caco-2 cell line; PC demonstrated comparable interaction with CB2R, and downregulation of CB2R, p38 and MK2 gene expressions with reference agonist "6d", and exhibited preferred selectivity towards CB2R over CB1R. In DSS-induced mice; PC-treatment ameliorated DSS-induced colon shortening, elevated disease activity index, and colonic pathological alterations. PC showed effective CB2R activation through potent anti-inflammatory activities, Treg-cell accumulation, suppression in p38MAPK/MK2 signaling, and tight junction barrier restoration as indicated by ultrastructural examinations, elevated ZO-1 and occludin protein expressions, and Ki67 immunohistochemical expression in colonic tissues. Additionally, PC alleviated intestinal dysbiosis via downregulating LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling and gut microbiota maintenance. Notably, PC-protective activities were abolished when co-administered with SR144528 (selective CB2 antagonist) except for gut microbiota maintenance, which was independent from CB2R activation. Our findings provide evidence of PC effectiveness against UC through acting as CB2R agonist, thus expanding its possible therapeutic application against other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Hafiz
- Electron Microscopy Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Hend Okasha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Noha A Osman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Gamila H Ali
- Water Pollution Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ali Hussein
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt.
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14
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Liu Y, Yang M, Tang L, Wang F, Huang S, Liu S, Lei Y, Wang S, Xie Z, Wang W, Zhao X, Tang B, Yang S. TLR4 regulates RORγt + regulatory T-cell responses and susceptibility to colon inflammation through interaction with Akkermansia muciniphila. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:98. [PMID: 35761415 PMCID: PMC9235089 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-balanced interactions between gut microbiota and the immune system are essential to prevent chronic intestinal inflammation, as observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) functions as a sensor mediating the crosstalk between the intestinal commensal microbiome and host immunity, but the influence of TLR4 on the shaping of intestinal microbiota and immune responses during colon inflammation remains poorly characterized. We investigated whether the different susceptibilities to colitis between wild-type (WT) and TLR4-/- mice were gut microbiota-dependent and aimed to identify the potential immunity modulation mechanism. METHODS We performed antibiotic depletion of the microbiota, cohousing experiments, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in WT and TLR4-/- mice to assess the influence of TLR4 on intestinal microbial ecology. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to dissect microbial discrepancies, and dysbiosis-associated immune perturbation was investigated by flow cytometry. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila)-mediated immune modulation was confirmed through the T-cell transfer colitis model and bone marrow chimaera construction. RESULTS TLR4-/- mice experienced enhanced susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. 16S rRNA sequencing showed notable discrepancy in the gut microbiota between WT and TLR4-/- mice. In particular, A. muciniphila contributed most to distinguishing the two groups. The T-cell transfer colitis model and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) consistently demonstrated that A. muciniphila ameliorated colitis by upregulating RORγt+ Treg cell-mediated immune responses. Mucosal biopsies from human manifested parallel outcomes with colon tissue from WT mice, as evidenced by the positive correlation between TLR4 expression and intestinal A. muciniphila colonization during homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a novel protective role of TLR4 against intestinal inflammation, wherein it can modulate A. muciniphila-associated immune responses. These findings provide a new perspective on host-commensal symbiosis, which may be beneficial for developing potential therapeutic strategies. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shengjie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Sumin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuo Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Ji L, Hao S, Wang J, Zou J, Wang Y. Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in Radiotherapy- and Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Concise Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:831387. [PMID: 35719331 PMCID: PMC9201217 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.831387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (RIOM/CIOM) is a common complication in cancer patients, leading to negative clinical manifestations, reduced quality of life, and impacting compliance with anticancer treatment. The composition and metabolic function of the oral microbiome, as well as the innate immune response of the oral mucosa are severely altered during chemotherapy or radiotherapy, promoting the expression of inflammatory mediators by direct and indirect mechanisms. Commensal oral bacteria-mediated innate immune signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ambiguously shapes radiotherapy- and/or chemotherapy-induced oral damage. To date, there has been no comprehensive overview of the role of TLRs in RIOM/CIOM. This review aims to provide a narrative of the involvement of TLRs, including TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9, in RIOM/CIOM, mainly by mediating the interaction between the host and microorganisms. As such, we suggest that these TLR signaling pathways are a novel mechanism of RIOM/CIOM with considerable potential for use in therapeutic interventions. More studies are needed in the future to investigate the role of different TLRs in RIOM/CIOM to provide a reference for the precise control of RIOM/CIOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Lung Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Wang,
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16
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Oral colon-targeted mucoadhesive micelles with enzyme-responsive controlled release of curcumin for ulcerative colitis therapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Xian J, Zhong X, Gu H, Wang X, Li J, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang C, Zhang J. Colonic Delivery of Celastrol-Loaded Layer-by-Layer Liposomes with Pectin/Trimethylated Chitosan Coating to Enhance Its Anti-Ulcerative Colitis Effects. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122005. [PMID: 34959287 PMCID: PMC8703354 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a flexible oral colon-targeting delivery system, mediated by electrostatic layer-by-layer alternate deposition with pectin-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) onto liposomes-loading celastrol (Cel/PT-LbL Lipo), was fabricated to enhance anti-UC efficacy. Along with layer-by-layer coating, Cel/Lipo exhibited surface charge reversal, a slight increase in particle size, and a sustained drug release profile in a simulative gastrointestinal tract medium. Based on its bilayer coating of polysaccharides, Cel/PT-LbL Lipo alleviated cytotoxicity of celastrol in colon epithelial NCM460 cells. Due to the strong mucoadhesion of TMC with mucin, PT-LbL Lipo benefited colon localization and prolonged retention ability of its payloads. Ultimately, Cel/PT-LbL Lipo significantly mitigated colitis symptoms and accelerated colitis repair in DSS-treated mice by regulating the levels of pro-inflammatory factors related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the pectin/trimethylated chitosan coating may allow for Cel/PT-LbL Lipo to function as a more beneficial therapeutic strategy for UC treatment.
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18
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Toll-Like Receptors as Drug Targets in the Intestinal Epithelium. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 276:291-314. [PMID: 34783909 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) receptors are responsible for initiation of inflammatory responses by their recognition of molecular patterns present in invading microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses or fungi) or in molecules released following tissue damage in disease states. Expressed in the intestinal epithelium, they initiate an intracellular signalling cascade in response to molecular patterns resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the release of cytokines, chemokines and vasoactive molecules. Intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to microorganisms on a daily basis and form part of the primary defence against pathogens by using TLRs. TLRs and their accessory molecules are subject to tight regulation in these cells so as to not overreact or react in unnecessary circumstances. TLRs have more recently been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases as a result of inappropriate regulation, this can be damaging and lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Targeting Toll-like receptors offers a potential therapeutic approach for IBD. In this review, the current knowledge on the TLRs is reviewed along with their association with intestinal diseases. Finally, compounds that target TLRs in animal models of IBD, clinic trials and their future merit as targets are discussed.
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19
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Yin H, Pu N, Chen Q, Zhang J, Zhao G, Xu X, Wang D, Kuang T, Jin D, Lou W, Wu W. Gut-derived lipopolysaccharide remodels tumoral microenvironment and synergizes with PD-L1 checkpoint blockade via TLR4/MyD88/AKT/NF-κB pathway in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1033. [PMID: 34718325 PMCID: PMC8557215 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an important inflammatory mediator activates the innate/adaptive immune system. The existence of LPS in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been reported, however, its biological function in PDAC remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that circulating and tumoral LPS was significantly increased by intestinal leakage in the orthotopic murine PDAC model, and LPS administration promoted T cell infiltration but exhaustion paradoxically in the subcutaneous murine PDAC model. By bioinformatic analysis, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), LPS receptor, was further found to enrich in immune tolerance signaling in PDAC tissues. Then, a significant positive correlation was found between TLR4 and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in clinical PDAC tissues, as well as serum LPS and tumoral PD-L1. Meanwhile, LPS stimulation in vitro and in vivo obviously upregulated tumor PD-L1 expression, and effectively promoted cancer cells resistance to T cell cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, the activation of TLR4/MyD88/AKT/NF-κB cascade was found to participate in LPS mediated PD-L1 transcription via binding to its promoter regions, which was enhanced by crosstalk between NF-κB and AKT pathways. Finally, PD-L1 blockade could significantly reverse LPS-induced immune escape, and synergized with LPS treatment. Taken together, LPS can remodel tumor microenvironment, and synergize with PD-L1 blockade to suppress tumor growth, which may be a promising comprehensive strategy for PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Aged
- Animals
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Evasion/drug effects
- Immune Tolerance/drug effects
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Biological
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiangda Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guochao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dansong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tiantao Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dayong Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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20
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Liu CY, Cham CM, Chang EB. Epithelial wound healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: the next therapeutic frontier. Transl Res 2021; 236:35-51. [PMID: 34126257 PMCID: PMC8380699 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with one of the many chronic inflammatory disorders broadly classified as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) now have a diverse set of immunomodulatory therapies at their disposal. Despite these recent medical advances, complete sustained remission of disease remains elusive for most patients. The full healing of the damaged intestinal mucosa is the primary goal of all therapies. Achieving this requires not just a reduction of the aberrant immunological response, but also wound healing of the epithelium. No currently approved therapy directly targets the epithelium. Epithelial repair is compromised in IBD and normally facilitates re-establishment of the homeostatic barrier between the host and the microbiome. In this review, we summarize the evidence that epithelial wound healing represents an important yet underdeveloped therapeutic modality for IBD. We highlight 3 general approaches that are promising for developing a new class of epithelium-targeted therapies: epithelial stem cells, cytokines, and microbiome engineering. We also provide a frank discussion of some of the challenges that must be overcome for epithelial repair to be therapeutically leveraged. A concerted approach by the field to develop new therapies targeting epithelial wound healing will offer patients a game-changing, complementary class of medications and could dramatically improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cambrian Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Candace M Cham
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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21
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Curcumin Alleviated Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Regulating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and TLRs Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3334994. [PMID: 34567209 PMCID: PMC8463179 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3334994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has shown good efficacy in mice with experimental colitis and in patients with ulcerative colitis, but the mechanism of action through the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage polarization has not been elaborated. The ulcerative colitis was modeled by dextran sulfate sodium; colitis mice were orally administrated with curcumin (10 mg/kg/day) or 5-ASA (300 mg/kg/day) for 14 consecutive days. After curcumin treatment, the body weight, colon weight and length, colonic weight index, and histopathological damage in colitis mice were effectively improved. The concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL-2 in the colonic tissues of colitis mice decreased significantly, while anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-33 and IL-10 increased significantly. Importantly, macrophage activation was suppressed and M1/M2 macrophage polarization was regulated in colitis mice, and the percentage of CD11b+F4/80+ and CD11b+F4/80+TIM-1+ and CD11b+F4/80+iNOS+ decreased significantly and CD11b+F4/80+CD206+ and CD11b+F4/80+CD163+ increased significantly. Additionally, curcumin significantly downregulated CD11b+F4/80+TLR4+ macrophages and the protein levels of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κBp65, p38MAPK, and AP-1 in colitis mice. Our study suggested that curcumin exerted therapeutic effects in colitis mice by regulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization and TLRs signaling pathway.
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Guo J, Liao M, Wang J. TLR4 signaling in the development of colitis-associated cancer and its possible interplay with microRNA-155. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 34479599 PMCID: PMC8414775 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) has closely been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. However, the exact mechanisms underlying colitis-associated cancer (CAC) development remain unclear. As a classic pattern-recognition receptor, Toll like receptor (TLR)4 is a canonical receptor for lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria (including two CAC-associated pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Salmonella), and functions as a key bridge molecule linking oncogenic infection to colonic inflammatory and malignant processes. Accumulating studies verified the overexpression of TLR4 in colitis and CAC, and the over-expressed TLR4 might promote colitis-associated tumorigenesis via facilitating cell proliferation, protecting malignant cells against apoptosis, accelerating invasion and metastasis, as well as contributing to the creation of tumor-favouring cellular microenvironment. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on the regulation of TLR4 signaling in the context of colitis-associated tumorigenesis. MicroRNA (miR)-155 and TLR4 exhibited a similar dynamic expression change during CAC development and shared similar CAC-promoting properties. The available data demonstrated an interplay between TLR4 and miR-155 in the context of different disorders or cell lines. miR-155 could augment TLR4 signaling through targeting negative regulators SOCS1 and SHIP1; and TLR4 activation would induce miR-155 expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. This possible TLR4-miR-155 positive feedback loop might result in the synergistic accelerating effect of TLR4 and miR-155 on CAC development.![]() Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfan Liao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,New Medicine Innovation and Development Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Ocansey DKW, Pei B, Xu X, Zhang L, Olovo CV, Mao F. Cellular and molecular mediators of lymphangiogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:254. [PMID: 34112196 PMCID: PMC8190852 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies reporting the intricate crosstalk between cellular and molecular mediators and the lymphatic endothelium in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) suggest altered inflammatory cell drainage and lymphatic vasculature, implicating the lymphatic system as a player in the occurrence, development, and recurrence of intestinal diseases. This article aims to review recent data on the modulatory functions of cellular and molecular components of the IBD microenvironment on the lymphatic system, particularly lymphangiogenesis. It serves as a promising therapeutic target for IBD management and treatment. The interaction with gut microbiota is also explored. Main text Evidence shows that cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and certain non-immune cells participate in the complex processes of inflammatory-induced lymphangiogenesis through the secretion of a wide spectrum of molecular factors, which vary greatly among the various cells. Lymphangiogenesis enhances lymphatic fluid drainage, hence reduced infiltration of immunomodulatory cells and associated-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, some of the cellular mediators, including mast cells, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), are a source of lymphangiogenic molecules, and a target as they express specific receptors for lymphangiogenic factors. Conclusion The effective target of lymphangiogenesis is expected to provide novel therapeutic interventions for intestinal inflammatory conditions, including IBD, through both immune and non-immune cells and based on cellular and molecular mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis that facilitate inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Calcium pectinate and hyaluronic acid modified lactoferrin nanoparticles loaded rhein with dual-targeting for ulcerative colitis treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:117998. [PMID: 33858583 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, dual-bioresponsive of Rhein (RH) in promoting colonic mucous damage repair and controlling inflammatory reactions were combined by the dual-targeting (intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages) oral nano delivery strategy for effective therapy of ulcerative colitis (UC). Briefly, two carbohydrates, calcium pectinate (CP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were used to modify lactoferrin (LF) nanoparticles (NPs) to encapsulate RH (CP/HA/RH-NPs). CP layer make CP/HA/RH-NPs more stable and protect against the destructive effects of the gastrointestinal environment and then release HA/RH-NPs to colon lesion site. Cellular uptake evaluation confirmed that NPs could specifically target and enhance the uptake rate via LF and HA ligands. in vivo experiments revealed that CP/HA/RH-NPs significantly alleviated inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and accelerated colonic healing. Importantly, with the help of CP, this study was the first to attempt for LF as a targeting nanomaterial in UC treatment and offers a promising food-based nanodrug in anti-UC.
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Nattramilarasu PK, Lobo de Sá FD, Schulzke JD, Bücker R. Immune-Mediated Aggravation of the Campylobacter concisus-Induced Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042043. [PMID: 33669494 PMCID: PMC7922099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a human-pathogenic bacterium of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed at the contribution of the mucosal immune system in the context of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by C. concisus. As an experimental leaky gut model, we used in vitro co-cultures of colonic epithelial cell monolayers (HT-29/B6-GR/MR) with M1-macrophage-like THP-1 cells on the basal side. Forty-eight hours after C. concisus infection, the decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance in cell monolayers was more pronounced in co-culture condition and 22 ± 2% (p < 0.001) higher than the monoculture condition without THP-1 cells. Concomitantly, we observed a reduction in the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and tricellulin. We also detected a profound increase in 4 kDa FITC-dextran permeability in C. concisus-infected cell monolayers only in co-culture conditions. This is explained by loss of tricellulin from tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) after C. concisus infection. As an underlying mechanism, we observed an inflammatory response after C. concisus infection through pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) released from THP-1 cells in the co-culture condition. In conclusion, the activation of subepithelial immune cells exacerbates colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction by C. concisus through tricellulin disruption in tTJs, leading to increased antigen permeability (leaky gut concept).
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Identification of Yak's TLR4 Alternative Spliceosomes and Bioinformatic Analysis of TLR4 Protein Structure and Function. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010032. [PMID: 33375267 PMCID: PMC7823342 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, yak’s TLR4 gene alternative spliceosomes were investigated using PCR amplification and cloning with an aim to improve disease-resistance in yaks and promote efficient utilization of yak’s resources. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of two alternatively spliced TLR4 transcripts in seven distinct yak tissues. To predict the function of proteins expressed by each TLR4 spliceosome, TLR4 protein structure and function were analyzed bioinformatically. Besides, two alternative spliceosomes of yak’s TLR4 gene were also identified, which were in line with predicted variants of the TLR4 gene in NCBI. These two alternative spliceosomes of the TLR4 gene were expressed in each tissue; however, the expression levels of these spliceosomes were significantly different in different tissue. We also observed that deletion of exon-2 in TLR4 affected the function of the corresponding protein. This study will lay a theoretical foundation for future studies on the role of two variants of yak’s TLR4 gene in disease resistance. Besides, data from this study could be analyzed further to explore the molecular mechanism associated with disease-resistance in the yak. Abstract In this study, the yak’s TLR4 gene alternative spliceosomes were investigated using PCR amplification and cloning to improve disease-resistance in yak and promote efficient utilization of yak’s resources. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of two alternatively spliced transcripts of the TLR4 gene in seven distinct tissues. To predict the function of proteins expressed by each TLR4 spliceosome, bioinformatic analysis of yak’s TLR4 protein structure and function was performed, which led to the identification of two alternative spliceosomes of yak’s TLR4 gene. The TLR4-X1 sequence length was 2526 bp, and it encoded full-length TLR4 protein (841 amino acids). The sequence length of the exon-2 deleted TLR4-X2 sequence was 1926 bp, and it encoded truncated TLR4 protein (641 amino acids). TLR4-X2 sequence was consistent with the predicted sequence of the TLR4 gene in GenBank. Each tissue showed significantly different expression levels of these two alternative spliceosomes. As per the bioinformatic analysis of the structure and function of TLR4 protein, deletion of exon-2 in the TLR4 gene resulted in frameshift mutations of the reading frame in the corresponding protein, which altered its ligand-binding and active sites. Besides, biological property such as substrate specificity of truncated TLR4 protein was also altered, leading to altered protein function. This study has laid a theoretical foundation for exploring the role of two variants of the TLR4 gene in yak’s disease resistance. Besides, this study’s data could be analyzed further to explore the molecular mechanism associated with disease-resistance in the yak.
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Li Y, Yang S, Lun J, Gao J, Gao X, Gong Z, Wan Y, He X, Cao H. Inhibitory Effects of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Effector Protein HM0539 on Inflammatory Response Through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB Axis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551449. [PMID: 33123130 PMCID: PMC7573360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammatory condition with no effective treatment. Probiotics have gained wide attention because of their outstanding advantages in intestinal health issues. In previous studies, a novel soluble protein, HM0539, which is derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), showed significant protective effects against murine colitis, but no clear precise mechanism for this effect was provided. In this study, we hypothesized that the protective function of HM0539 might be derived from its modulation of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB axis signaling pathway, which is a critical pathway widely involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses. To test this hypothesis, the underlying anti-inflammatory effects and associated mechanisms of HM0539 were determined both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. Our results showed that HM0539 inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the expression inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by down-regulating the activation of their respective promoter, and as a result this inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). Meanwhile, we demonstrated that HM0539 could ultimately modulate the activation of distal NF-κB by reducing the activation of TLR4 and suppressing the transduction of MyD88. However, even though the overexpression of TLR4 or MyD88 obviously reversed the effect of HM0539 on LPS-induced inflammation, HM0539 still retained some anti-inflammatory activity. Consistent with the in vitro findings, we found that HM0539 inhibited to a great extent the production of inflammatory mediators associated with the suppression of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB axis activation in colon tissue. In conclusion, HM0539 was shown to be a promising anti-inflammatory agent, at least in part through its down-regulation of the TLR4-MyD88 axis as well as of the downstream MyD88-dependent activated NF-κB signaling, and hence might be considered as a potential therapeutic option for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Lun
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Low Molecular Weight Dextran Sulfate (ILB ®) Administration Restores Brain Energy Metabolism Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090850. [PMID: 32927770 PMCID: PMC7555574 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in people less than 40 years of age in Western countries. Currently, there are no satisfying pharmacological treatments for TBI patients. In this study, we subjected rats to severe TBI (sTBI), testing the effects of a single subcutaneous administration, 30 min post-impact, of a new low molecular weight dextran sulfate, named ILB®, at three different dose levels (1, 5, and 15 mg/kg body weight). A group of control sham-operated animals and one of untreated sTBI rats were used for comparison (each group n = 12). On day 2 or 7 post-sTBI animals were sacrificed and the simultaneous HPLC analysis of energy metabolites, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), oxidized and reduced nicotinic coenzymes, water-soluble antioxidants, and biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress was carried out on deproteinized cerebral homogenates. Compared to untreated sTBI rats, ILB® improved energy metabolism by increasing ATP, ATP/ adenosine diphosphate ratio (ATP/ADP ratio), and triphosphate nucleosides, dose-dependently increased NAA concentrations, protected nicotinic coenzyme levels and their oxidized over reduced ratios, prevented depletion of ascorbate and reduced glutathione (GSH), and decreased oxidative (malondialdehyde formation) and nitrosative stress (nitrite + nitrate production). Although needing further experiments, these data provide the first evidence that a single post-injury injection of a new low molecular weight dextran sulfate (ILB®) has beneficial effects on sTBI metabolic damages. Due to the absence of adverse effects in humans, ILB® represents a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of sTBI patients.
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Wang X, Tian Z, Azad MAK, Zhang W, Blachier F, Wang Z, Kong X. Dietary supplementation with Bacillus mixture modifies the intestinal ecosystem of weaned piglets in an overall beneficial way. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:233-246. [PMID: 32654235 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with a mixture of Bacillus, which serves as an alternative of antibiotics on the intestinal ecosystem of weaned piglets. METHODS AND RESULTS We randomly assigned 120 piglets to three groups: a control group (a basal diet), a probiotics group (a basal diet supplemented with 4 × 109 CFU per gram Bacillus licheniformis-Bacillus subtilis mixture; BLS mix), and an antibiotics group (a basal diet supplemented with 0·04 kg t-1 virginiamycin, 0·2 kg t-1 colistin and 3000 mg kg-1 zinc oxide). All groups had five replicates with eight piglets per replicate. On days 7, 21 and 42 of the trial, intestine tissue and digesta samples were collected to determine intestinal morphology, gut microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition, and the expression of genes related to the gut barrier function and inflammatory status. The results showed that the BLS mix decreased the jejunum crypt depth, while increased the ileum villus height and the jejunum and ileum villus height to crypt depth ratio. The BLS mix increased Simpson's diversity index in the gut microbiota and the relative abundances of o_Bacteroidetes and f_Ruminococcaceae, but decreased the relative abundances of Blautia and Clostridium. Dietary BLS mix supplementation also modified the concentration of several bacterial metabolites compared to the control group. In addition, BLS mix upregulated the expression level of E-cadherin in the colon and pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR-4 in ileum and colon. Lastly, Spearman's rank-order correlation revealed a potential link between alterations in gut microbiota and health parameters of the weaned piglets. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that dietary BLS mix supplementation modifies the gut ecosystem in weaned piglets. The potential advantages of such modifications in terms of intestinal health are discussed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Weaning is the most important transition period of piglet growth and development. This study showed that dietary supplementation of a probiotic mixture of Bacillus, an effective alternative of antibiotics, was beneficial in improving the intestinal ecosystem of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Z Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - M A K Azad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Zhang
- Evonik Degussa (China) Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - F Blachier
- AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Z Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - X Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lei Z, Yang Y, Liu S, Lei Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Liu W, Wu H, Yang C, Guo J. Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium induced inflammatory bowel diseases in mice. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103915. [PMID: 32450383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) mice model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the intestines of mice treated with DSS and DHA. The expression of inflammatory factors and cell junction-associated genes was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The effects of DSS and DHA on the gut microbiome were measured using 16S recombinant (r) DNA gene analysis. DHA could improve the diarrhea and bloody stool induced by DSS, and decrease the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-23 of the DSS group. DHA could notably reduce the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and significantly decrease the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the intestines of the DSS treated mice. The expression of cell junction-associated genes such as EpCAM and Claudins, were down-regulated in the DSS group, and DHA could recover the expression of these cell junction-associated genes. The 16S rDNA gene analysis demonstrated that Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia decreased, while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased in the DSS group, and DHA could recover the abundance of these gut bacteria altered by DSS. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that DHA could partly recover the pathways altered by DSS. DHA could obviously ameliorate the symptoms of IBD induced by DSS by regulation of the expression of inflammation and cell junction-associated genes and gut microbiota, suggesting its potential for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nong-Lin-Xia Road 19(#), Yue-Xiu District, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Luo X, Yue B, Yu Z, Ren Y, Zhang J, Ren J, Wang Z, Dou W. Obacunone Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Attenuating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Cascades, and Improving Disrupted Epithelial Barriers. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32296403 PMCID: PMC7136403 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obacunone, a natural limonoid compound abundantly distributed in citrus fruits, possesses various biological properties, such as antitumor, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. Recent studies suggested an anti-inflammatory activity of obacunone in vitro, but its efficacy on intestinal inflammation remains unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of obacunone in ameliorating intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC). We found that obacunone efficiently alleviated the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse UC by modulating the abnormal composition of the gut microbiota and attenuating the excessive activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The intestinal epithelial barrier was disrupted in DSS colitis mice, which was associated with activation of inflammatory signaling cascades. However, obacunone promoted the expression of tight junction proteins (TJP1 and occludin) and repressed the activation of inflammatory signaling cascades. In summary, our findings demonstrated that obacunone attenuated the symptoms of experimental UC in mice through modulation of the gut microbiota, attenuation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling cascades, and restoration of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilun Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shi YJ, Hu SJ, Zhao QQ, Liu XS, Liu C, Wang H. Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4) deficiency aggravates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal injury by down-regulating IL6, CCL2 and CSF3. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:713. [PMID: 32042729 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-lasting inflammation and ulcers in the human digestive tract. The repair role of TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium is still unknown. Methods By comparing to wild-type (WT) mice, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-knockout mice (TLR4-KO) were used as dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models to explore the role of TLR4 signaling in intestinal injury. High-throughput RNA-Seq, RT-qPCR and ELISA were performed to screen and verify key differences in gut genes between WT and TLR4-KO mice. Functional study of core dysregulated factors was performed in intestinal cell lines. Results We found that DSS-induced intestinal injury was aggravated by LPS (TLR4 agonist) and TLR4-KO. When compared to WT mice, IL6, CCL2, CSF3, IL11, Ccnb1, Ccnd1 and TNF-α significantly decreased and Fas and FasL have increased in the gut of TLR4-KO mice. IL6, CCL2, CSF3, Fas and FasL have all increased in CT-26 cells treated with LPS. Combined with the above data and KEGG enrichment, it can be assumed that TLR4-KO might aggravate DSS-induced intestinal damage by attenuating cell cycle, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and enhancing the apoptosis pathway. In the functional study of core dysregulated factors, it was found that LPS, IL6, IL11, CSF3, CCL2, S100A8, S100A9 and Mmp3 have improved viability of colon cancer cell lines and decreased apoptosis rate of mouse colon cancer cells when these were treated with DSS. However, Jo-2 (Fas agonistic monoclonal antibody) played the opposite role in colon cancer cells treated with DSS. Conclusions TLR4 had a repairing effect on DSS-induced intestinal damage and it up-regulate IL6, CCL2 and CSF3. Fas and FasL enhanced DSS-induced colon injury in mice, but might have little to do with TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jie Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shi-Jie Hu
- Ningbo Anorectal Hospital, Ningbo 315104, China
| | - Quan-Quan Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
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