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He YC, Yuan GD, Li N, Ren MF, Qian-Zhang, Deng KN, Wang LC, Xiao WL, Ma N, Stamm C, Felthaus O, Prantl L, Nie J, Wang G. Recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH249101. [PMID: 38578884 DOI: 10.3233/ch-249101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction refers to the ischemic necrosis of myocardium, characterized by a sharp reduction or interruption of blood flow in the coronary arteries due to the coronary artery occlusion, resulting in severe and prolonged ischemia in the corresponding myocardium and ultimately leading to ischemic necrosis of the myocardium. Given its high risk, it is considered as one of the most serious health threats today. In current clinical practice, multiple approaches have been explored to diminish myocardial oxygen consumption and alleviate symptoms, but notable success remains elusive. Accumulated clinical evidence has showed that the implantation of mesenchymal stem cell for treating myocardial infarction is both effective and safe. Nevertheless, there persists controversy and variability regarding the standardizing MSC transplantation protocols, optimizing dosage, and determining the most effective routes of administration. Addressing these remaining issues will pave the way of integration of MSCs as a feasible mainstream cardiac treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan He
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guo-Dong Yuan
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mei-Fang Ren
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qian-Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kai-Ning Deng
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Le-Chuan Wang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei-Ling Xiao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jia Nie
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Han KH, Arlian BM, Lin CW, Jin HY, Kang GH, Lee S, Lee PCW, Lerner RA. Agonist Antibody Converts Stem Cells into Migrating Brown Adipocyte-Like Cells in Heart. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010256. [PMID: 31968623 PMCID: PMC7017361 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present data showing that Iodotyrosine Deiodinase (IYD) is a dual-function enzyme acting as a catalyst in metabolism and a receptor for cooperative stem cell differentiation. IYD is present both in thyroid cells where it is critical for scavenging iodine from halogenated by-products of thyroid hormone production and on hematopoietic stem cells. To close the cooperative loop, the mono- and di-Iodotyrosine (MIT and DIT) substrates of IYD in the thyroid are also agonists for IYD now acting as a receptor on bone marrow stem cells. While studying intracellular combinatorial antibody libraries, we discovered an agonist antibody, H3 Ab, of which the target is the enzyme IYD. When agonized by H3 Ab, IYD expressed on stem cells induces differentiation of the cells into brown adipocyte-like cells, which selectively migrate to mouse heart tissue. H3 Ab also binds to IYD expressed on human myocardium. Thus, one has a single enzyme acting in different ways on different cells for the cooperative purpose of enhancing thermogenesis or of regenerating damaged heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.H.H.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Britni M. Arlian
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Chih-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.H.H.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Geun-Hyung Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sahmin Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (G.-H.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.C.-W.L.); (R.A.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-2799 (P.C.-W.L.); +1-858-784-8265 (R.A.L.)
| | - Richard A. Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (K.H.H.); (C.-W.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.-W.L.); (R.A.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-2799 (P.C.-W.L.); +1-858-784-8265 (R.A.L.)
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Monti M, Imberti B, Bianchi N, Pezzotta A, Morigi M, Del Fante C, Redi CA, Perotti C. A Novel Method for Isolation of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1258-1269. [PMID: 28583028 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Very small embryonic-like cells (VSELs) are a population of very rare pluripotent stem cells isolated in adult murine bone marrow and many other tissues and organs, including umbilical cord blood (UCB). VSEL existence is still not universally accepted by the scientific community, so for this purpose, we sought to investigate whether presumptive VSELs (pVSELs) could be isolated from human UCB with an improved protocol based on the isolation of enriched progenitor cells by depletion of nonprogenitor cells with magnetic separation. Progenitor cells, likely including VSELs, cultured with retinoic acid were able to form dense colonies and cystic embryoid bodies and to differentiate toward the ecto-meso-endoderm lineages as shown by the positivity to specific markers. VSEL differentiative potential toward mesodermal lineage was further demonstrated in vitro upon exposure to an established inductive protocol, which induced the acquisition of renal progenitor cell phenotype. VSEL-derived renal progenitors showed regenerative potential in a cisplatin model of acute kidney injury by restoring renal function and tubular structure through induction of proliferation of endogenous renal cells. The data presented here foster the great debate that surrounds VSELs and, more in general, the existence of cells endowed with pluripotent features in adult tissues. In fact, the possibility to find and isolate subpopulations of cells that fully fit all the criteria utilized to define pluripotency remains, nowadays, almost unproven. Thus, efforts to better characterize the phenotype of these intriguing cells are crucial to understand their possible applications for regenerative and precision medicine purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Monti
- 1 Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Biotechnologies Research Laboratories, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Imberti
- 2 Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo, Italy .,3 Scientific Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bianchi
- 1 Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Biotechnologies Research Laboratories, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pezzotta
- 2 Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Morigi
- 2 Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- 4 Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Redi
- 5 Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani," University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Perotti
- 4 Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia, Italy
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Stem Cell Banking and Its Impact on Cardiac Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 951:163-178. [PMID: 27837563 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, are the most frequent cause of death annually, even higher than any other pathologies. Specifically, patients who suffer from myocardial infarction may encounter adverse remodeling processes of the heart that can ultimately lead to heart failure. Prognosis of patients affected by heart failure is very poor with 5-year mortality close to 50 %. Despite the impressive progress in the clinical treatment of heart failure in recent years, heart transplantation is still required to avoid death as the result of the inexorable decline in cardiac function. Unfortunately, the availability of donor human hearts for transplantation largely fails to cover the number of potential recipient requests. From this urgent unmet clinical need the interest in stem cell applications for heart regeneration made its start, and has rapidly grown in the last decades. Indeed, the discovery and application of stem and progenitor cells as therapeutic agents has raised substantial interest with the objective of reversing these processes, and ultimately inducing cardiac regeneration. In this scenario, the role of biobanking may play a remarkable role to provide cells at the right time according to the patient's clinical needs, mostly for autologous use in the acute setting of myocardial infarction, largely reducing the time needed for cell preparation and expansion before administration.
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Porada CD, Atala AJ, Almeida-Porada G. The hematopoietic system in the context of regenerative medicine. Methods 2015; 99:44-61. [PMID: 26319943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) represent the prototype stem cell within the body. Since their discovery, HSC have been the focus of intensive research, and have proven invaluable clinically to restore hematopoiesis following inadvertent radiation exposure and following radio/chemotherapy to eliminate hematologic tumors. While they were originally discovered in the bone marrow, HSC can also be isolated from umbilical cord blood and can be "mobilized" peripheral blood, making them readily available in relatively large quantities. While their ability to repopulate the entire hematopoietic system would already guarantee HSC a valuable place in regenerative medicine, the finding that hematopoietic chimerism can induce immunological tolerance to solid organs and correct autoimmune diseases has dramatically broadened their clinical utility. The demonstration that these cells, through a variety of mechanisms, can also promote repair/regeneration of non-hematopoietic tissues as diverse as liver, heart, and brain has further increased their clinical value. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with a brief glimpse into the remarkable potential HSC possess, and to highlight their tremendous value as therapeutics in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, United States.
| | - Anthony J Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, United States.
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, United States.
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Biazar E. Use of umbilical cord and cord blood-derived stem cells for tissue repair and regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:301-10. [PMID: 24456082 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.867943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potential use of umbilical cord (UC) is one of the most exciting frontiers in medicine for repairing damaged tissues. UC and cord blood-derived stem cells are the world's largest potential sources of stem cells. UC contains a mixture of stem and progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages and UC has been verified as a candidate for cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications due to the capability of these cells for extensive self-renewal and multi-lineage character in differentiation potential. AREAS COVERED UC-based repair or regeneration of organs (i.e., heart, nerve, skin, etc.) is a high-priority research worldwide. EXPERT OPINION The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge about UC with main focus on its applications for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Biazar
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch , Tonekabon , Iran +00981924271105 ;
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Choi YH, Liakopoulos O, Stamm C, Wahlers T. Reduzierte myokardiale Ischämietoleranz bei ventrikulärer Myokardhypertrophie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-013-1030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Roy R, Brodarac A, Kukucka M, Kurtz A, Becher PM, Jülke K, Choi YH, Pinzur L, Chajut A, Tschöpe C, Stamm C. Cardioprotection by placenta-derived stromal cells in a murine myocardial infarction model. J Surg Res 2013; 185:70-83. [PMID: 23830369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous cells for cell therapy of ischemic cardiomyopathy often display age- and disease-related functional impairment, whereas an allogenic immunotolerant cell product would allow off-the-shelf application of uncompromised donor cells. We investigated the cardiac regeneration potential of a novel, clinical-grade placenta-derived human stromal cell product (PLX-PAD). METHODS PLX-PAD cells derived from human donor placentas and expanded in a three-dimensional bioreactor system were tested for surface marker expression, proangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties in vitro. In BALB/C mice, the left anterior descending artery was ligated and PLX-PAD cells (n = 10) or vehicle (n = 10) were injected in the infarct border zone. Four weeks later, heart function was analyzed by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Scar size, microvessel density, extracellular matrix composition, myocyte apoptosis, and PLX-PAD cell retention were studied by histology. RESULTS In vitro, PLX-PAD cells displayed both proangiogenesis and anti-inflammatory properties, represented by the secretion of both vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 that was upregulated by hypoxia, as well as by the capacity to suppress T-cell proliferation and augment IL-10 secretion when co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Compared with control mice, PLX-PAD-treated hearts had better contractile function, smaller infarct size, greater regional left ventricular wall thickness, and less apoptosis after 4 wk. PLX-PAD stimulated both angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in the infarct border zone, and periostin expression was upregulated in PLX-PAD-treated hearts. CONCLUSIONS Clinical-grade PLX-PAD cells exert beneficial effects on ischemic myocardium that are associated with improved contractile function, and may be suitable for further evaluation aiming at clinical pilot trials of cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajika Roy
- Berlin-Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
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CD133-Positive Cells for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy: Current Status and Outlook. PROMININ-1 (CD133): NEW INSIGHTS ON STEM & CANCER STEM CELL BIOLOGY 2013; 777:215-27. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5894-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Steinhoff G, Strauer BE. Heart. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Fang CH, Jin J, Joe JH, Song YS, So BI, Lim SM, Cheon GJ, Woo SK, Ra JC, Lee YY, Kim KS. In vivo differentiation of human amniotic epithelial cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells and cell transplantation effect on myocardial infarction in rats: comparison with cord blood and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:1687-96. [PMID: 22776022 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x653039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic epithelial cells (h-AECs), which have various merits as a cell source for cell therapy, are known to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro. However, the ability of h-AECs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vivo and their cell transplantation effects on myocardial infarction are still unknown. In this study, we assessed whether h-AECs could differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vivo and whether h-AECs transplantation can decrease infarct size and improve cardiac function, in comparison to transplantation of cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or adipose tissue-derived MSCs. For our study, we injected h-AECs, cord blood-derived MSCs, adipose tissue-derived MSCs, and saline into areas of myocardial infarction in athymic nude rats. After 4 weeks, 3% of the surviving h-AECs expressed myosin heavy chain, a marker specific to the myocardium. Compared with the saline group, all cell-implanted groups showed a higher ejection fraction, lower infarct area by positron emission tomography and histology, and more abundant myocardial gene and protein expression in the infarct area. We showed that h-AECs can differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells, decrease infarct size, and improve cardiac function in vivo. The beneficial effects of h-AECs were comparable to those of cord blood and adipose tissue-derived MSCs. These results support the need for further studies of h-AECs as a cell source for myocardial regeneration due to their plentiful availability, low immunity, and lack of ethical issues related to their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hu Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Donndorf P, Kaminski A, Tiedemann G, Kundt G, Steinhoff G. Validating intramyocardial bone marrow stem cell therapy in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting, the PERFECT Phase III randomized multicenter trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2012; 13:99. [PMID: 22747980 PMCID: PMC3419083 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For the last decade continuous efforts have been made to translate regenerative cell therapy protocols in the cardiovascular field from ‘bench to bedside’. Successful clinical introduction, supporting safety, and feasibility of this new therapeutic approach, led to the initiation of the German, Phase III, multicenter trial - termed the PERFECT trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00950274), in order to evaluate the efficacy of surgical cardiac cell therapy on left ventricular function. Methods/Design The PERFECT trial has been designed as a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, multicenter trial, analyzing the effect of intramyocardial CD 133+ bone marrow stem cell injection in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting on postoperative left ventricular function. The trial includes patients aged between 18 and 79 years presenting with a coronary disease with indication for surgical revascularization and reduced global left ventricular ejection fraction as assessed by cardiac magnet resonance imaging. The included patients are treated in the chronic phase of ischemic cardiomyopathy after previous myocardial infarction. Discussion Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in combination with intramyocardial CD133+ cell injection will have a higher LV ejection fraction than patient who undergo CABG alone, measured 6 months after the operation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00950274
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Donndorf
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Centre for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 35, Rostock, 18057 Germany.
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Karantalis V, Balkan W, Schulman IH, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Cell-based therapy for prevention and reversal of myocardial remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H256-70. [PMID: 22636682 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00221.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although pharmacological and interventional advances have reduced the morbidity and mortality of ischemic heart disease, there is an ongoing need for novel therapeutic strategies that prevent or reverse progressive ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction, the process that forms the substrate for ventricular failure. The development of cell-based therapy as a strategy to repair or regenerate injured tissue offers extraordinary promise for a powerful anti-remodeling therapy. In this regard, the field of cell therapy has made major advancements in the past decade. Accumulating data from preclinical studies have provided novel insights into stem cell engraftment, differentiation, and interactions with host cellular elements, as well as the effectiveness of various methods of cell delivery and accuracy of diverse imaging modalities to assess therapeutic efficacy. These findings have in turn guided rationally designed translational clinical investigations. Collectively, there is a growing understanding of the parameters that underlie successful cell-based approaches for improving heart structure and function in ischemic and other cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Karantalis
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
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Burger D, Gutsol A, Carter A, Allan DS, Touyz RM, Burns KD. Human cord blood CD133+ cells exacerbate ischemic acute kidney injury in mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:3781-9. [PMID: 22561581 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans has few therapeutic options. In experimental models, administration of progenitor cells facilitates recovery from AKI. Human umbilical cord-derived CD133(+) progenitor cells promote endothelial repair in ischemic limb, heart and brain tissue. METHODS We examined the effects of human CD133(+) progenitor cells in bilateral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) kidney injury in non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient mice. CD133(+) cells from human cord blood were injected intravenously at the time of reperfusion and the extent of injury was determined by plasma biochemistry and kidney histology. RESULTS In mice with I/R, fluorescently labeled CD133(+) cells were detected in blood 2 min after injection but decreased rapidly thereafter with no evidence of homing to the kidneys. In mice subjected to I/R, CD133(+) cells significantly increased plasma urea and Cr at 24 h compared to vehicle- or CD133(-) cell-treated mice. CD133(+) cells exacerbated tubular necrosis and apoptosis, increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and increased kidney neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, CD133(+) cells did not affect tubular cell proliferation. Administration of CD133(+) cells to FVB/N mice post-I/R also augmented kidney injury. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that human cord blood-derived CD133(+) cells unexpectedly exacerbate ischemic AKI in mice, possibly through soluble factors. Our study highlights the importance of caution in cell-based therapies for human AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Burger
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Lupu M, Khalil M, Iordache F, Andrei E, Pfannkuche K, Spitkovsky D, Baumgartner S, Rubach M, Abdelrazik H, Buzila C, Brockmeier K, Simionescu M, Hescheler J, Maniu H. Direct contact of umbilical cord blood endothelial progenitors with living cardiac tissue is a requirement for vascular tube-like structures formation. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:1914-26. [PMID: 21029374 PMCID: PMC3918047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The umbilical cord blood derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to vascular regeneration in experimental models of ischaemia. However, their ability to participate in cardiovascular tissue restoration has not been elucidated yet. We employed a novel coculture system to investigate whether human EPCs have the capacity to integrate into living and ischaemic cardiac tissue, and participate to neovascularization. EPCs were cocultured with either living or ischaemic murine embryonic ventricular slices, in the presence or absence of a pro-angiogenic growth factor cocktail consisting of VEGF, IGF-1, EGF and bFGF. Tracking of EPCs within the cocultures was performed by cell transfection with green fluorescent protein or by immunostaining performed with anti-human vWF, CD31, nuclei and mitochondria antibodies. EPCs generated vascular tube-like structures in direct contact with the living ventricular slices. Furthermore, the pro-angiogenic growth factor cocktail reduced significantly tubes formation. Coculture of EPCs with the living ventricular slices in a transwell system did not lead to vascular tube-like structures formation, demonstrating that the direct contact is necessary and that the soluble factors secreted by the living slices were not sufficient for their induction. No vascular tubes were formed when EPCs were cocultured with ischaemic ventricular slices, even in the presence of the pro-angiogenic cocktail. In conclusion, EPCs form vascular tube-like structures in contact with living cardiac tissue and the direct cell-to-cell interaction is a prerequisite for their induction. Understanding the cardiac niche and micro-environmental interactions that regulate EPCs integration and neovascularization are essential for applying these cells to cardiovascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Lupu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu', Bucharest, Romania Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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In Vitro Modelling of Cortical Neurogenesis by Sequential Induction of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 8:210-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cord blood transplantation and stem cell regenerative potential. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:393-412. [PMID: 21238533 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The past 20 years of experience with umbilical cord blood transplantation have demonstrated that cord blood is effective in the treatment of a spectrum of diseases, including hematological malignancies, bone marrow failure, hemoglobinopathies, and inborn errors of metabolism. Cord blood can be obtained with ease and then safely cryopreserved for either public or private use without loss of viability. As compared to other unrelated donor cell sources, cord blood transplantation allows for greater human leukocyte antigen disparity without a corresponding increase in graft-vs.-host disease. Moreover, cord blood has a lower risk of transmitting infections by latent viruses and is less likely to carry somatic mutations than other adult cells. Recently, multiple populations of stem cells with primitive stem cell properties have been identified from cord blood. Meanwhile, there is an increasing interest in applying cord blood mononuclear cells or enriched stem cell populations to regenerative therapies. Accumulating evidence has suggested functional improvements after cord blood transplantation in various animal models for treatments of cardiac infarction, diabetes, neurological diseases, etc. In this review, we will summarize the most recent updates on clinical applications of cord blood transplantation and the promises and limitations of cell-based therapies for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Kim HG, Choi OH. Neovascularization in a mouse model via stem cells derived from human fetal amniotic membranes. Heart Vessels 2010; 26:196-205. [PMID: 21188388 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-010-0064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from amniotic membranes, on neovascularization and blood flow, in an animal model of limb ischemia in immune-deficient mice. MSCs were cultured from human amniotic membranes by collagenase digestion. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were administered intramuscularly at three different sites of the ischemic leg whose femoral vessels were ligated. After 4 weeks of culture, a population of homogeneous mesenchymal cells was isolated from the human amniotic membranes after confluence was reached. We performed three different groups of mice model [controls, hAMSCs, conditioned media from the hAMSCs (hAMSCs-CM)]. The blood flow recovery in the hindlimb ischemia model was significantly higher in the hAMSC-transplanted group than in the control group. Moreover, hAMSCs-CM significantly improved the cutaneous blood flow. The histological examination showed that red fluorescence (CM-DiI)-labeled hAMSCs was detected in the interstitial tissues between the muscle fibers 2 weeks after transplantation. The results of this study showed that hAMSCs may be an attractive, alternative source of progenitor or stem cells for basic research as well as clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Gon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 626-770, Korea
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Haider KH, Buccini S, Ahmed RPH, Ashraf M. De novo myocardial regeneration: advances and pitfalls. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1867-77. [PMID: 20695792 PMCID: PMC2971636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The capability of adult tissue-derived stem cells for cardiogenesis has been extensively studied in experimental animals and clinical studies for treatment of postischemic cardiomyopathy. The less-than-anticipated improvement in the heart function in most clinical studies with skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow cells has warranted a search for alternative sources of stem cells. Despite their multilineage differentiation potential, ethical issues, teratogenicity, and tissue rejection are main obstacles in developing clinically feasible methods for embryonic stem cell transplantation into patients. A decade-long research on embryonic stem cells has paved the way for discovery of alternative approaches for generating pluripotent stem cells. Genetic manipulation of somatic cells for pluripotency genes reprograms the cells to pluripotent status. Efforts are currently focused to make reprogramming protocols safer for clinical applications of the reprogrammed cells. We summarize the advancements and complicating features of stem cell therapy and discuss the decade-and-a-half-long efforts made by stem cell researchers for moving the field from bench to the bedside as an adjunct therapy or as an alternative to the contemporary therapeutic modalities for routine clinical application. The review also provides a special focus on the advancements made in the field of somatic cell reprogramming.
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Ou L, Li W, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Jie S, Kong D, Steinhoff G, Ma N. Animal models of cardiac disease and stem cell therapy. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2010; 4:231-9. [PMID: 21258568 PMCID: PMC3024564 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401004010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models that mimic cardiovascular diseases are indispensable tools for understanding the mechanisms underlying the diseases at the cellular and molecular level. This review focuses on various methods in preclinical research to create small animal models of cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, myocarditis and cardiac hypertrophy, and the related stem cell treatment for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lailiang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Stanevsky A, Goldstein G, Nagler A. Umbilical cord blood transplantation: Pros, cons and beyond. Blood Rev 2009; 23:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Katsares V, Petsa A, Felesakis A, Paparidis Z, Nikolaidou E, Gargani S, Karvounidou I, Ardelean KA, Grigoriadis N, Grigoriadis J. A Rapid and Accurate Method for the Stem Cell Viability Evaluation: The Case of the Thawed Umbilical Cord Blood. Lab Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1309/lmle8bvhywct82cl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Cardiac cell therapy: A realistic concept for elderly patients? Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:679-690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Louro J, Pearse DD. Stem and progenitor cell therapies: recent progress for spinal cord injury repair. Neurol Res 2008; 30:5-16. [PMID: 18387258 DOI: 10.1179/174313208x284070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical trauma to the spinal cord is often accompanied by irreversible tissue damage, limited endogenous repair and permanent loss of motor, sensory and autonomic function. The implantation of exogenous cells or the stimulation of endogenous cells, to repopulate and replace or to provide a conducive environment for repair, offers a promising therapeutic direction for overcoming the multitude of obstacles facing successful recovery from spinal cord injury. Although relatively new to the scene of cell based therapies for reparative medicine, stem cells and their progenitors have been labeled as the 'cell of the future' for revolutionizing the treatment of CNS injury and neurodegenerative disorders. The following review examines the different types of stem cells and their progenitors, their utility in experimental models of spinal cord injury and explores the outstanding issues that still need to be addressed before they move towards clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Louro
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Cortes-Morichetti M, Frati G, Schussler O, Duong Van Huyen JP, Lauret E, Genovese JA, Carpentier AF, Chachques JC. Association between a cell-seeded collagen matrix and cellular cardiomyoplasty for myocardial support and regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:2681-7. [PMID: 17691866 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of cellular cardiomyoplasty is to regenerate the myocardium using implantation of living cells. Because the extracellular myocardial matrix is deeply altered in ischemic cardiomyopathies, it could be important to create a procedure aiming at regenerating both myocardial cells and the extracellular matrix. We evaluated the potential of a collagen matrix seeded with cells and grafted onto infarcted ventricles. A myocardial infarction was created in 45 mice using coronary artery ligation. Animals were randomly assigned to 4 local myocardial treatment groups. Group I underwent sham treatment (injection of cell culture medium). Group II underwent injection of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCBCs). Group III underwent injection of HUCBCs and fixation onto the epicardium of a collagen matrix seeded with HUCBCs. Group IV underwent fixation of collagen matrix (without cells) onto the infarct. Echocardiography was performed on postoperative days 7 and 45, followed by histological studies. Echocardiography showed that the association between the cell-loaded matrix and the intrainfarct cell implants was the most efficient approach to limiting postischemic ventricular dilation and remodeling. Ejection fraction improved in both cell-treated groups. The collagen matrix alone did not improve left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling. Histology in Group III showed fragments of the collagen matrix thickening and protecting the infarct scars. Segments of the matrix were consistently aligned along the LV wall, and cells were assembled within the collagen fibers in large populations. Intramyocardial injection of HUCBCs preserves LV function following infarction. The use of a cell-seeded matrix combined with cell injections prevents ventricular wall thinning and limits postischemic remodeling. This tissue engineering approach seems to improve the efficiency of cellular cardiomyoplasty and could emerge as a new therapeutic tool for the prevention of adverse remodeling and progressive heart failure.
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Abstract
There is a growing need for effective animal models to carry out experimental studies on human hematopoietic and immune systems without putting individuals at risk. Progress in development of small animal models for the in vivo investigation of human hematopoiesis and immunity has seen three major breakthroughs over the last three decades. First, CB 17-Prkdc(scid) (abbreviated CB 17-scid) mice were discovered in 1983, and engraftment of these mice with human fetal tissues (SCID-Hu model) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Hu-PBL-SCID model) was reported in 1988. Second, NOD-scid mice were developed and their enhanced ability to engraft with human hematolymphoid tissues as compared with CB17-scid mice was reported in 1995. NOD-scid mice have been the "gold standard" for studies of human hematolymphoid engraftment in small animal models over the last 10 years. Third, immunodeficient mice bearing a targeted mutation in the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain (IL2rgamma(null)) were developed independently by four groups between 2002 and 2005, and a major increase in the engraftment and function of human hematolymphoid cells as compared with NOD-scid mice has been reported. These new strains of immunodeficient IL2rgamma(null) mice are now being used for studies in human hematopoiesis, innate and adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, infectious diseases, cancer biology, and regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we discuss the current state of development of these strains of mice, the remaining deficiencies, and how approaches used to increase the engraftment and function of human hematolymphoid cells in CB 17-scid mice and in previous models based on NOD-scid mice may enhance human hematolymphoid engraftment and function in NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice.
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van de Ven C, Collins D, Bradley MB, Morris E, Cairo MS. The potential of umbilical cord blood multipotent stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissue and cell regeneration. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:1753-65. [PMID: 17949892 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have been isolated from human embryos, fetal tissue, umbilical cord blood (UCB), and also from "adult" sources. Adult stem cells are found in many tissues of the body and are capable of maintaining, generating, and replacing terminally differentiated cells. A source of pluripotent stem cells has been recently identified in UCB that can also differentiate across tissue lineage boundaries into neural, cardiac, epithelial, hepatocytic, and dermal tissue. Thus, UCB may provide a future source of stem cells for tissue repair and regeneration. Its widespread availability makes UCB an attractive source for tissue regeneration. UCB-derived stem cells offer multiple advantages over adult stem cells, including their immaturity, which may play a significant role in reduced rejection after transplantation into a mismatched host and their ability to produce larger quantities of homogenous tissue or cells. While research with embryonic stem cells continues to generate considerable controversy, human umbilical stem cells provide an alternative cell source that has been more ethically acceptable and appears to have widespread public support. This review will summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies examining UCB stem cells and their potential use for therapeutic application for nonhematopoietic tissue and cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmella van de Ven
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University and Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital New York-Presbyterian, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kim SS, Park HJ, Han J, Gwak SJ, Park MH, Song KW, Rhee YH, Min Chung H, Kim BS. Improvement of kidney failure with fetal kidney precursor cell transplantation. Transplantation 2007; 83:1249-58. [PMID: 17496543 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000261712.93299.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapies for end-stage renal disease have severe limitations. Dialysis is only a temporary treatment and does not restore kidney function. Transplantation is limited by donor organ shortage and immune-related problems. Here, we show that the transplantation of fetal kidney precursor cells reconstitutes kidney tissues, reduces uremic symptoms, and provides life-saving metabolic support in kidney failure animal models. METHODS Kidney failure was surgically induced by resecting kidneys, leaving approximately 1/6 of the total kidney mass (5/6 nephrectomy). Fetal kidney precursor cells were isolated from metanephroi of E17.5 rat fetuses using collagenase/dispase digestion. Five weeks after the nephrectomy procedure, isolated fetal kidney precursor cells were transplanted under the kidney capsule of rats using fibrin gel matrix. Six and ten weeks after transplantation, animals were analyzed biochemically and the grafts were retrieved for histological analyses. RESULTS Five weeks after the nephrectomy, glomerular hypertrophy, and increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were observed. The cell transplantation into the kidneys of kidney failure-induced rats resulted in kidney tissue reconstitution and the transplanted cells were observed in the reconstitution region of the kidneys as evidenced by the presence of fluorescently labeled cells. In addition, biochemical parameters from serum and urine samples showed improved kidney functions compared with non-treated group without severe immune response after ten weeks. CONCLUSION Transplanting fetal kidney precursor cells showed the potential for the partial augmentation of kidney structure and function in the treatment of kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Wu KH, Zhou B, Yu CT, Cui B, Lu SH, Han ZC, Liu YL. Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 83:1491-8. [PMID: 17383364 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 10/22/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell transplantation offers the promise in the restoration of cardiac function after myocardial infarction. We investigate the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord derived stem (UCDS) cells in a rat myocardial infarction model. METHODS Two weeks after induction of myocardial infarction, the surviving rats with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 60% were randomly divided into a phosphate-buffered saline control group and a UCDS cell treated group. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography 2 weeks and 4 weeks after cell transplantation. Histologic study and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate differentiation of transplanted cells, capillary and arteriole density, secretion of cytokines, and cardiomyocytes apoptosis. RESULTS A statistically significant improvement of cardiac function was observed in the experimental group of rats compared with the control group. Four weeks after transplantation, histologic examination revealed that some of the transplanted UCDS cells survived in the infarcted myocardium and accumulated around arterioles and scattered in capillary networks. We observed some of the cells expressed cardiac troponin-T, von Willebrand factor, and smooth muscle actin, indicating regeneration of damaged myocardium by cardiomyocytic, endothelial, and smooth muscle differentiation of UCDS cells in the infarcted myocardium. The capillary and arteriole density were also markedly increased in the UCDS-cell-treated group. In addition, the apoptotic cells were decreased significantly compared with the phosphate-buffered saline controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that transplanted UCDS cells provide benefit in cardiac function recovery after acute myocardial infarction in rats, suggesting UCDS cells represent a promising cell source for future routine cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hong Wu
- Pediatric Cardiac Center, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Perlow JH. Umbilical cord blood banking options and the prenatal patient: an obstetrician's perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 2:127-32. [PMID: 17237551 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-006-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan H Perlow
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Partner, Phoenix Perinatal Associates, Obstetrix Medical Group of Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Abstract
The culmination of decades of research on humanized mice is leading to advances in our understanding of human haematopoiesis, innate and adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, infectious diseases, cancer biology and regenerative medicine. In this Review, we discuss the development of these new generations of humanized mice, how they will facilitate translational research in several biomedical disciplines and approaches to overcome the remaining limitations of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard D Shultz
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA.
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McMullen NM, Pasumarthi KBS. Donor cell transplantation for myocardial disease: does it complement current pharmacological therapies?This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigators' Forum. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85:1-15. [PMID: 17487241 DOI: 10.1139/y06-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure secondary to ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and myocardial infarction is a common cause of death in developed countries. Although pharmacological therapies are very effective, poor prognosis and shorter life expectancy of heart disease patients clearly indicate the need for alternative interventions to complement the present therapies. Since the progression of heart disease is associated with the loss of myocardial cells, the concept of donor cell transplantation into host myocardium is emerging as an attractive strategy to repopulate the damaged tissue. To this end, a number of donor cell types have been tested for their ability to increase the systolic function of diseased hearts in both experimental and clinical settings. Although initial clinical trials with bone marrow stem cells are encouraging, long-term consequences of such interventions are yet to be rigorously examined. While additional laboratory studies are required to address several issues in this field, there is also a clear need for further characterization of drug interactions with donor cells in these interventions. Here, we provide a brief summary of current pharmacological and cell-based therapies for heart disease. Further, we discuss the potential of various donor cell types in myocardial repair, mechanisms underlying functional improvement in cell-based therapies, as well as potential interactions between pharmacological and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole M McMullen
- Department of Pharmacology, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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