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Perry F, Duffy GA, Lamare MD, Fraser CI. Kelp holdfast microclimates buffer invertebrate inhabitants from extreme temperatures. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106523. [PMID: 38678752 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is altering environmental conditions, with microclimates providing small-scale refuges within otherwise challenging environments. Durvillaea (southern bull kelp; rimurapa) is a genus of large intertidal fucoid algae, and some species harbour diverse invertebrate communities in their holdfasts. We hypothesised that animal-excavated Durvillaea holdfasts provide a thermal refuge for epibiont species, and tested this hypothesis using the exemplar species D. poha. Using a southern Aotearoa New Zealand population as a case-study, we found extreme temperatures outside the holdfast were 4.4 °C higher in summer and 6.9 °C lower in winter than inside the holdfast. A microclimate model of the holdfasts was built and used to forecast microclimates under 2100 conditions. Temperatures are predicted to increase by 2-3 °C, which may exceed the tolerances of D. poha. However, if D. poha or a similar congeneric persists, temperatures inside holdfasts will remain less extreme than the external environment. The thermal tolerances of two Durvillaea-associated invertebrates, the trochid gastropod Cantharidus antipodum and the amphipod Parawaldeckia kidderi, were also assessed; C. antipodum, but not P. kidderi, displayed metabolic depression at temperatures above and below those inside holdfasts, suggesting that they would be vulnerable outside the holdfast and with future warming. Microclimates, such as those within D. poha holdfasts or holdfasts of similar species, will therefore be important refuges for the survival of species both at the northern (retreating edge) and southern (expanding edge) limits of their distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Perry
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Grant A Duffy
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Miles D Lamare
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ceridwen I Fraser
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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2
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Clark RD, Pinsky ML. Global patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity in marine fishes. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11365. [PMID: 38711488 PMCID: PMC11070773 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity is a fundamental component of biodiversity. Examination of global patterns of genetic diversity can help highlight mechanisms underlying species diversity, though a recurring challenge has been that patterns may vary by molecular marker. Here, we compiled 6862 observations of genetic diversity from 492 species of marine fish and tested among hypotheses for diversity gradients: the founder effect hypothesis, the kinetic energy hypothesis, and the productivity-diversity hypothesis. We fit generalized linear mixed effect models (GLMMs) and explored the extent to which various macroecological drivers (latitude, longitude, temperature (SST), and chlorophyll-a concentration) explained variation in genetic diversity. We found that mitochondrial genetic diversity followed geographic gradients similar to those of species diversity, being highest near the Equator, particularly in the Coral Triangle, while nuclear genetic diversity did not follow clear geographic patterns. Despite these differences, all genetic diversity metrics were correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration, while mitochondrial diversity was also positively associated with SST. Our results provide support for the kinetic energy hypothesis, which predicts that elevated mutation rates at higher temperatures increase mitochondrial but not necessarily nuclear diversity, and the productivity-diversity hypothesis, which posits that resource-rich regions support larger populations with greater genetic diversity. Overall, these findings reveal how environmental variables can influence mutation rates and genetic drift in the ocean, caution against using mitochondrial macrogenetic patterns as proxies for whole-genome diversity, and aid in defining global gradients of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- René D. Clark
- Department of BiologyDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Malin L. Pinsky
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
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3
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Tytgat B, Verleyen E, Sweetlove M, Van den Berge K, Pinseel E, Hodgson DA, Chown SL, Sabbe K, Wilmotte A, Willems A, Vyverman W. Polar lake microbiomes have distinct evolutionary histories. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7130. [PMID: 37976353 PMCID: PMC10656066 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Toward the poles, life on land is increasingly dominated by microorganisms, yet the evolutionary origin of polar microbiomes remains poorly understood. Here, we use metabarcoding of Arctic, sub-Antarctic, and Antarctic lacustrine benthic microbial communities to test the hypothesis that high-latitude microbiomes are recruited from a globally dispersing species pool through environmental selection. We demonstrate that taxonomic overlap between the regions is limited within most phyla, even at higher-order taxonomic levels, with unique deep-branching phylogenetic clades being present in each region. We show that local and regional taxon richness and net diversification rate of regionally restricted taxa differ substantially between polar regions in both microeukaryotic and bacterial biota. This suggests that long-term evolutionary divergence resulting from low interhemispheric dispersal and diversification in isolation has been a prominent process shaping present-day polar lake microbiomes. Our findings illuminate the distinctive biogeography of polar lake ecosystems and underscore that conservation efforts should include their unique microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Tytgat
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Elie Verleyen
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Maxime Sweetlove
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van den Berge
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Pinseel
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - Dominic A. Hodgson
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Koen Sabbe
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- InBio-Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Vyverman
- Laboratory of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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4
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Schmider-Martínez A, Maturana CS, Poveda Y, Rosenfeld S, López-Farrán Z, Saucède T, Poulin E, González-Wevar C. Laevilacunaria (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Southern Ocean: A comprehensive occurrence dataset. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e111982. [PMID: 38312333 PMCID: PMC10838097 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The present dataset is a compilation of georeferenced occurrences of the littorinid genus Laevilacunaria Powell, 1951 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Southern Ocean. Occurrence data were obtained from field expeditions (Antarctic and sub-Antarctic sampling) between 2015 and 2022, together with a review of published literature including records from 1887 to 2022. Three Laevilacunaria species have been recorded from the Southern Ocean: Laevilacunariabennetti, L.antarctica and L.pumilio. New information The present dataset includes 75 occurrences, representing the most exhaustive database of this Antarctic and sub-Antarctic littorinid genus. The publication of this data paper was funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, contract n°FR/36/AN1/AntaBIS) in the Framework of EU-Lifewatch as a contribution to the SCAR Antarctic biodiversity portal (biodiversity.aq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmider-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, ChileInstituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Centro i-mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, ChileCentro i-mar, Universidad de Los LagosPuerto MonttChile
| | - Claudia S. Maturana
- Instituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Santiago, ChileInstituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE)SantiagoChile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, ChileCape Horn International Center (CHIC)Puerto WilliamsChile
| | - Yarleth Poveda
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, ChileUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Instituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Santiago, ChileInstituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE)SantiagoChile
- Centro de Investigación Gaia‑Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, ChileCentro de Investigación Gaia‑Antártica, Universidad de MagallanesPunta ArenasChile
| | - Zambra López-Farrán
- Centro Fondap de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, ChileCentro Fondap de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéoscience, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgougne 6, Dijon, FranceBiogéoscience, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgougne 6DijonFrance
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Santiago, ChileInstituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE)SantiagoChile
| | - Claudio González-Wevar
- Instituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Santiago, ChileInstituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE)SantiagoChile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, ChileCentro Fondap de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
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Assis J, Alberto F, Macaya EC, Castilho Coelho N, Faugeron S, Pearson GA, Ladah L, Reed DC, Raimondi P, Mansilla A, Brickle P, Zuccarello GC, Serrão EA. Past climate-driven range shifts structuring intraspecific biodiversity levels of the giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) at global scales. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12046. [PMID: 37491385 PMCID: PMC10368654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of past climate-driven range shifts structuring the distribution of marine intraspecific biodiversity lacks replication in biological models exposed to comparable limiting conditions in independent regions. This may lead to confounding effects unlinked to climate drivers. We aim to fill in this gap by asking whether the global distribution of intraspecific biodiversity of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) is explained by past climate changes occurring across the two hemispheres. We compared the species' population genetic diversity and structure inferred with microsatellite markers, with range shifts and long-term refugial regions predicted with species distribution modelling (SDM) from the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the present. The broad antitropical distribution of Macrocystis pyrifera is composed by six significantly differentiated genetic groups, for which current genetic diversity levels match the expectations of past climate changes. Range shifts from the LGM to the present structured low latitude refugial regions where genetic relics with higher and unique diversity were found (particularly in the Channel Islands of California and in Peru), while post-glacial expansions following ~ 40% range contraction explained extensive regions with homogenous reduced diversity. The estimated effect of past climate-driven range shifts was comparable between hemispheres, largely demonstrating that the distribution of intraspecific marine biodiversity can be structured by comparable evolutionary forces across the global ocean. Additionally, the differentiation and endemicity of regional genetic groups, confers high conservation value to these localized intraspecific biodiversity hotspots of giant kelp forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Assis
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
- Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord Universitet, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Filipe Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Erasmo C Macaya
- Centro Fondap IDEAL and Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nelson Castilho Coelho
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Núcleo Milenio MASH and IRL3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Universidad Austral de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lydia Ladah
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | - Andrés Mansilla
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Paul Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands
| | - Giuseppe C Zuccarello
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ester A Serrão
- CCMAR, CIMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Garrido-Benavent I, de Los Ríos A, Núñez-Zapata J, Ortiz-Álvarez R, Schultz M, Pérez-Ortega S. Ocean crossers: a tale of disjunctions and speciation in the dwarf-fruticose Lichina (lichenized Ascomycota). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107829. [PMID: 37247701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lichens thrive in rocky coastal areas in temperate and cold regions of both hemispheres. Species of the genus Lichina, which form characteristic black fruiting thalli associated with cyanobacteria, often create distinguishable bands in the intertidal and supralittoral zones. The present study uses a comprehensive specimen dataset and four gene loci to (1) delineate and discuss species boundaries in this genus, (2) assess evolutionary relationships among species, and (3) infer the most likely causes of their current geographic distribution in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. A dated phylogeny describes the time frame in which extant disjunctions of species and populations were established. The results showed that the genus is integrated by four species, with Lichina pygmaea, L. confinis and the newly described L. canariensis from rocky seashores in the Canary Islands, occurring in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas L. intermedia is restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. Lichina intermedia hosted a much higher intraspecific genetic diversity than the other species, with subclades interpreted as species-level lineages by the different species delimitation approaches. However, a conservative taxonomic approach was adopted. This species showed a striking disjunct distribution between Australasia and southern South America. The timing for the observed interspecific and intraspecific divergences and population disjunctions postdated continental plate movements, suggesting that long-distance dispersal across body waters in the two hemispheres played a major role in shaping the current species distributions. Such ocean crossings were, as in L. canariensis, followed by speciation. New substitution rates for the nrITS of the genus Lichina were inferred using a tree spanning the major Ascomycota lineages calibrated using fossils. In conclusion, this work lays the foundation for a better understanding of the evolution through time and space of maritime lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Garrido-Benavent
- Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100-Burjassot, València, Spain; Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asunción de Los Ríos
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC), Serrano 115 dpdo, E-28045 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jano Núñez-Zapata
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rüdiger Ortiz-Álvarez
- Department of International Science, Spanish Federation of Science and Technology (FECYT), C/ Pintor Murillo 15, E-28100 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Matthias Schultz
- Herbarium Hamburgense, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sergio Pérez-Ortega
- Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Plaza Murillo 2, E-28014 Madrid, Spain.
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Vaux F, Fraser CI, Craw D, Read S, Waters JM. Integrating kelp genomic analyses and geological data to reveal ancient earthquake impacts. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230105. [PMID: 37194268 PMCID: PMC10189309 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Detached buoyant kelp can disperse thousands of kilometres at sea and can colonize newly available shores in the wake of disturbances that wipe out competitors. Localized earthquake uplift can cause extirpation of intertidal kelp populations followed by recolonization. Sources of recolonizing kelp can be detectable in genomic structure of contemporary populations. Our field observations combined with LiDAR mapping identified a previously unrecognized zone of uplifted rocky coastline in a region that is slowly subsiding. Intertidal kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) on the uplifted section of coast is genetically distinctive from nearby populations, with genomic signatures most similar to that of kelp 300 km to the south. Genetic divergence between these locations suggests reproductive isolation for thousands of years. Combined geological and genetic data suggest that this uplift event occurred during one of four major earthquakes between 6000 and 2000 years ago, with one of the younger events most likely. Extirpation of the pre-existing kelp required sudden uplift of approximately 2 metres, precluding several small incremental uplift events. Our results show the power of integrating biological (genomic) analyses with geological data to understand ancient geological processes and their ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaux
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ceridwen I. Fraser
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Dave Craw
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Read
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M. Waters
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Fainburg L, Sabadin D, Díaz de Astarloa JM, Fernández Iriarte P. Population structure of mud flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus from the south-western Atlantic Ocean. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:455-464. [PMID: 36427018 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mud flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus (Pleuronectiformes, Paralichthyidae) inhabits shallow waters of low salinities and mud bottoms in the temperate marine coastal regions of the Bonaerensean Ecoregion of the Argentinean Biogeographic Province in the south-western Atlantic Ocean. Specimens of P. orbignyanus were collected from Lagoa dos Patos (LDP) (southern Brazil), Mar Chiquita (MCH) and Marisol (MAR) both located in Buenos Aires (Argentina), and San Antonio Oeste (SAO) in the San Matías Gulf, Rio Negro (Argentina). A fragment of the mitochondrial DNA of the Control Region and seven microsatellite loci were characterized. In the Control Region, P. orbignyanus showed high variability, low nucleotide diversity, mild population expansion and a coalescence time of 35,000 years before the present. Flounders provided evidence of a genetic structure between the sampling sites LDP, MCH, MAR vs. SAO. On the other hand, P. orbignyanus displayed a lower to moderate contemporary genetic structure among all samples except between LDP and MCH. With no evidence of isolation by distance, this analysis supports a model of limited gene flow that is likely to be associated with a consistent larvae retention in all sampling sites. In addition, the present connectivity is ascribed to a lower migration process from SAO in the San Matías Gulf congruent with the prevailing littoral drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Fainburg
- Departamento de Biología-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - David Sabadin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio Biología de Peces, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Díaz de Astarloa
- Departamento de Biología-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pedro Fernández Iriarte
- Departamento de Biología-Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
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9
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Lattuca ME, Vanella FA, Malanga G, Rubel MD, Manríquez PH, Torres R, Alter K, Marras S, Peck MA, Domenici P, Fernández DA. Ocean acidification and seasonal temperature extremes combine to impair the thermal physiology of a sub-Antarctic fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159284. [PMID: 36209875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To predict the potential impacts of climate change on marine organisms, it is critical to understand how multiple stressors constrain the physiology and distribution of species. We evaluated the effects of seasonal changes in seawater temperature and near-future ocean acidification (OA) on organismal and sub-organismal traits associated with the thermal performance of Eleginops maclovinus, a sub-Antarctic notothenioid species with economic importance to sport and artisanal fisheries in southern South America. Juveniles were exposed to mean winter and summer sea surface temperatures (4 and 10 °C) at present-day and near-future pCO2 levels (~500 and 1800 μatm). After a month, the Critical Thermal maximum and minimum (CTmax, CTmin) of fish were measured using the Critical Thermal Methodology and the aerobic scope of fish was measured based on the difference between their maximal and standard rates determined from intermittent flow respirometry. Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant capacity were also quantified to estimate the oxidative damage potentially caused to gill and liver tissue. Although CTmax and CTmin were higher in individuals acclimated to summer versus winter temperatures, the increase in CTmax was minimal in juveniles exposed to the near-future compared to present-day pCO2 levels (there was a significant interaction between temperature and pCO2 on CTmax). The reduction in the thermal tolerance range under summer temperatures and near-future OA conditions was associated with a reduction in the aerobic scope observed at the elevated pCO2 level. Moreover, an oxidative stress condition was detected in the gill and liver tissues. Thus, chronic exposure to OA and the current summer temperatures pose limits to the thermal performance of juvenile E. maclovinus at the organismal and sub-organismal levels, making this species vulnerable to projected climate-driven warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Lattuca
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina.
| | - Fabián A Vanella
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyB - UBA), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL - CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano D Rubel
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Av. Bernardo Ossandón 877, 1781681 Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Larrondo 1281, 1781421 Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), José de Moraleda 16, 5951369 Coyhaique, Chile; Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Av. El Bosque 01789, 6200000 Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Katharina Alter
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Systems (COS), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Marras
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Località Sa Mardini, 09070 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Myron A Peck
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Systems (COS), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Domenici
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Località Sa Mardini, 09070 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica (CNR-IBF), Area di Ricerca San Cataldo, Via G. Moruzzi N°1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (UNTDF - ICPA), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410BXE Ushuaia, Argentina
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10
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Durante CA, Loizaga R, McCracken GR, Crespo EA, Ruzzante DE. Commerson's dolphin population structure: evidence for female phylopatry and male dispersal. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22219. [PMID: 36564404 PMCID: PMC9789068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A key in species conservation is understanding the amount and distribution of genetic diversity and how environmental changes that occurred in the recent past may have influenced current patterns of population structure. Commerson's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii, has two subspecies, one of which is endemic to South America (C. commersonii commersonii) and little is known about its population genetics. Our objective was to investigate the population genetics of this subspecies throughout its distribution. Using 70 skin samples and information available in GenBank, 308 mitochondrial DNA sequences and 28 species-specific microsatellites were analyzed. The species presented low genetic diversity when compared to other dolphin species, but was consistent with other species within the genus. Strong population structure based on mitochondrial DNA was exhibited throughout its entire distribution, a pattern consistent with female philopatry. However, this pattern was not detected when using microsatellites, suggesting male-mediated gene flow. Demographic tests suggested a population expansion beginning approximately 15,000 years ago, after the Last Glacial Maximum. In a climate change scenario, we recommended considering each sampling location as an independent population management unit in order to evaluate the impact of possible environmental changes on the distribution of genetic information within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Alberto Durante
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro Para El Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR) - CONICET, Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina.
| | - Rocio Loizaga
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro Para El Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR) - CONICET, Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | | | - Enrique Alberto Crespo
- Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Centro Para El Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR) - CONICET, Bv. Brown 2915, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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11
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Laine VN, Sävilammi T, Wahlberg N, Meramo K, Ossa G, Johnson JS, Blomberg AS, Yeszhanov AB, Yung V, Paterson S, Lilley TM. Whole-genome Analysis Reveals Contrasting Relationships Among Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes Between Three Sympatric Bat Species. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 15:6955983. [PMID: 36546695 PMCID: PMC9825270 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms involved in speciation can be challenging, especially when hybridization or introgression blurs species boundaries. In bats, resolving relationships of some closely related groups has proved difficult due subtle interspecific variation both in morphometrics and molecular data sets. The endemic South American Histiotus bats, currently considered a subgenus of Eptesicus, harbor unresolved phylogenetic relationships and of those is a trio consisting of two closely related species: Eptesicus (Histiotus) macrotus and Eptesicus (Histiotus) montanus, and their relationship with a third, Eptesicus (Histiotus) magellanicus. The three sympatric species bear marked resemblance to each other, but can be differentiated morphologically. Furthermore, previous studies have been unable to differentiate the species from each other at a molecular level. In order to disentangle the phylogenetic relationships of these species, we examined the differentiation patterns and evolutionary history of the three Eptesicus (H.) species at the whole-genome level. The nuclear DNA statistics between the species suggest strong gene flow and recent hybridization between E. (H.) montanus and E. (H.) macrotus, whereas E. (H.) magellanicus shows a higher degree of isolation. In contrast, mitochondrial DNA shows a closer relationship between E. (H.) magellanicus and E. (H.) montanus. Opposing patterns in mtDNA and nuclear markers are often due to differences in dispersal, and here it could be both as a result of isolation in refugia during the last glacial maximum and female philopatry and male-biased dispersal. In conclusion, this study shows the importance of both the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in resolving phylogenetic relationships and species histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika N Laine
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Sävilammi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Katarina Meramo
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gonzalo Ossa
- ConserBat EIRL, San Fabian, Chile,Asociación Murciélagos de Chile Pinüike, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joseph S Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Aidyn B Yeszhanov
- Institute of Zoology of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Veronica Yung
- Departamento Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steve Paterson
- Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Liang J, Gamarra JGP, Picard N, Zhou M, Pijanowski B, Jacobs DF, Reich PB, Crowther TW, Nabuurs GJ, de-Miguel S, Fang J, Woodall CW, Svenning JC, Jucker T, Bastin JF, Wiser SK, Slik F, Hérault B, Alberti G, Keppel G, Hengeveld GM, Ibisch PL, Silva CA, Ter Steege H, Peri PL, Coomes DA, Searle EB, von Gadow K, Jaroszewicz B, Abbasi AO, Abegg M, Yao YCA, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Zambrano AMA, Altman J, Alvarez-Dávila E, Álvarez-González JG, Alves LF, Amani BHK, Amani CA, Ammer C, Ilondea BA, Antón-Fernández C, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Azihou AF, Baard JA, Baker TR, Balazy R, Bastian ML, Batumike R, Bauters M, Beeckman H, Benu NMH, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brandl S, Brearley FQ, Briseno-Reyes J, Broadbent EN, Bruelheide H, Bulte E, Catlin AC, Cazzolla Gatti R, César RG, Chen HYH, Chisholm C, Cienciala E, Colletta GD, Corral-Rivas JJ, Cuchietti A, Cuni-Sanchez A, Dar JA, Dayanandan S, de Haulleville T, Decuyper M, Delabye S, Derroire G, DeVries B, Diisi J, Do TV, Dolezal J, Dourdain A, Durrheim GP, Obiang NLE, Ewango CEN, Eyre TJ, Fayle TM, Feunang LFN, Finér L, Fischer M, Fridman J, Frizzera L, de Gasper AL, Gianelle D, Glick HB, Gonzalez-Elizondo MS, Gorenstein L, Habonayo R, Hardy OJ, Harris DJ, Hector A, Hemp A, Herold M, Hillers A, Hubau W, Ibanez T, Imai N, Imani G, Jagodzinski AM, Janecek S, Johannsen VK, Joly CA, Jumbam B, Kabelong BLPR, Kahsay GA, Karminov V, Kartawinata K, Kassi JN, Kearsley E, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Khan ML, Kigomo JN, Kim HS, Klauberg C, Klomberg Y, Korjus H, Kothandaraman S, Kraxner F, Kumar A, Kuswandi R, Lang M, Lawes MJ, Leite RV, Lentner G, Lewis SL, Libalah MB, Lisingo J, López-Serrano PM, Lu H, Lukina NV, Lykke AM, Maicher V, Maitner BS, Marcon E, Marshall AR, Martin EH, Martynenko O, Mbayu FM, Mbuvi MTE, Meave JA, Merow C, Miscicki S, Moreno VS, Morera A, Mukul SA, Müller JC, Murdjoko A, Nava-Miranda MG, Ndive LE, Neldner VJ, Nevenic RV, Nforbelie LN, Ngoh ML, N'Guessan AE, Ngugi MR, Ngute ASK, Njila ENN, Nyako MC, Ochuodho TO, Oleksyn J, Paquette A, Parfenova EI, Park M, Parren M, Parthasarathy N, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Piedade MTF, Piotto D, Pollastrini M, Poorter L, Poulsen JR, Poulsen AD, Pretzsch H, Rodeghiero M, Rolim SG, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Sagheb-Talebi K, Saikia P, Sainge MN, Salas-Eljatib C, Salis A, Schall P, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Schmid B, Schöngart J, Šebeň V, Sellan G, Selvi F, Serra-Diaz JM, Sheil D, Shvidenko AZ, Sist P, Souza AF, Stereńczak KJ, Sullivan MJP, Sundarapandian S, Svoboda M, Swaine MD, Targhetta N, Tchebakova N, Trethowan LA, Tropek R, Mukendi JT, Umunay PM, Usoltsev VA, Vaglio Laurin G, Valentini R, Valladares F, van der Plas F, Vega-Nieva DJ, Verbeeck H, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vieira SA, Vleminckx J, Waite CE, Wang HF, Wasingya EK, Wekesa C, Westerlund B, Wittmann F, Wortel V, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zhang C, Zhao X, Zhu J, Zhu X, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, Hui C. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1423-1437. [PMID: 35941205 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Javier G P Gamarra
- Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mo Zhou
- Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bryan Pijanowski
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Douglass F Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Crowther Lab, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gert-Jan Nabuurs
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-Agrotecnio-CERCA, Solsona, Spain
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Evironmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jean-Francois Bastin
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Bruno Hérault
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- INP-HB (Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouet-Boigny), University of Montpellier, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Institute of Bioeconomy, CNR, Sesto, Italy
| | - Gunnar Keppel
- Natural and Built Environments Research Centre, School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Geerten M Hengeveld
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Wageningen University & Research, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Pierre L Ibisch
- Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Carlos A Silva
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - David A Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric B Searle
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klaus von Gadow
- University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Akane O Abbasi
- Forest Advanced Computing and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (FACAI), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Meinrad Abegg
- Swiss National Forest Inventory/Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yves C Adou Yao
- UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Trebon, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Esteban Alvarez-Dávila
- Escuela ECAPMA, National Open University and Distance (Colombia) | UNAD, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luciana F Alves
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Christian A Amani
- Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bhely Angoboy Ilondea
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Clara Antón-Fernández
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Forestry and Forest Resources, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Akomian F Azihou
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Johan A Baard
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa
| | | | - Radomir Balazy
- Department of Geomatics, Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Meredith L Bastian
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rodrigue Batumike
- Department of Environment, Universtité du Cinquantenaire de Lwiro, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | | | - Robert Bitariho
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaert
- Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Olivier Bouriaud
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Q Brearley
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jaime Briseno-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erwin Bulte
- Development Economics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ann Christine Catlin
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ricardo G César
- Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsea Chisholm
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emil Cienciala
- IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel D Colletta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas CEP, Biologia, Brazil
| | | | - Anibal Cuchietti
- Dirección Nacional de Bosques (DNB), Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible (MAyDS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aida Cuni-Sanchez
- Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric), Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Javid A Dar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Guntur, India
- Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Selvadurai Dayanandan
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics & Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thales de Haulleville
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Decuyper
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Delabye
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Ben DeVries
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Diisi
- National Forest Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tran Van Do
- Department of Silviculture Foundation, Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jiri Dolezal
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Trebon, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | - Aurélie Dourdain
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Graham P Durrheim
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa
| | | | - Corneille E N Ewango
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Teresa J Eyre
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom M Fayle
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Leena Finér
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Fridman
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Frizzera
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - André L de Gasper
- Herbário Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Damiano Gianelle
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | | | - Lev Gorenstein
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richard Habonayo
- Département des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Faculté des Sciences, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Andrew Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant Systematics, Bayreuth University, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Herold
- Helmholtz GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 1.4 Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annika Hillers
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, Liberia Representation, Monrovia, Liberia
- Centre for Conservation Science, The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, UK
| | - Wannes Hubau
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Laboratory for Wood Technology (UGent-Woodlab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Ibanez
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nobuo Imai
- Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerard Imani
- Biology Department, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Andrzej M Jagodzinski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznan, Poland
| | - Stepan Janecek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vivian Kvist Johannsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos A Joly
- Plant Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Blaise Jumbam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Nkolbisson, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Banoho L P R Kabelong
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Goytom Abraha Kahsay
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktor Karminov
- Forestry Faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russia
| | | | - Justin N Kassi
- Labo Botanique, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deborah K Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | - Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Latif Khan
- Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - John N Kigomo
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Department of Forest Resource Assessment, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Carine Klauberg
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food & Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yannick Klomberg
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Henn Korjus
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Subashree Kothandaraman
- Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Florian Kraxner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Geoinformatics, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Relawan Kuswandi
- Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Manokwari, Indonesia
| | - Mait Lang
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tõravere, Estonia
| | - Michael J Lawes
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Rodrigo V Leite
- Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Geoffrey Lentner
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Moses B Libalah
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory (LaBosystE), Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Janvier Lisingo
- Laboratoire d'Écologie et Aménagement Forestier, Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion des Ressources Végétales, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Huicui Lu
- Faculty of Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Natalia V Lukina
- Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS (CEPF RAS), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vincent Maicher
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian S Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Marcon
- Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
- AgroParisTech, UMR AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew R Marshall
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
- University of York, York, UK
- Flamingo Land Ltd., North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Emanuel H Martin
- Department of Wildlife Management, College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Tanzania
| | - Olga Martynenko
- Forestry Faculty, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Mytischi, Russia
| | - Faustin M Mbayu
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cory Merow
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Stanislaw Miscicki
- Department of Forest Management and Forest Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vanessa S Moreno
- Department of Forestry Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Albert Morera
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-Agrotecnio-CERCA, Solsona, Spain
| | - Sharif A Mukul
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jörg C Müller
- Fieldstation Fabrikschleichach, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Forest Nationalpark, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Agustinus Murdjoko
- Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Papua, Jalan Gunung Salju Amban, Manokwari Papua Barat, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Victor J Neldner
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Louis N Nforbelie
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michael L Ngoh
- Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG), Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Anny E N'Guessan
- UFR Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Michael R Ngugi
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment and Science, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alain S K Ngute
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
- Applied Biology and Ecology Research Unit, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Emile Narcisse N Njila
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Melanie C Nyako
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas O Ochuodho
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Alain Paquette
- UQAM, Centre for Forest Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena I Parfenova
- V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Minjee Park
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Marc Parren
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Urban Management and Planning, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Maria T F Piedade
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Hans Pretzsch
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirco Rodeghiero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Centro Agricoltura, Alimenti, Ambiente, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Samir G Rolim
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Khosro Sagheb-Talebi
- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Purabi Saikia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Moses Nsanyi Sainge
- Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG), Buea, Cameroon
- Institute of International Education Scholar Rescue Fund (IIE-SRF), One World Trade Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Salas-Eljatib
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonello Salis
- Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Рeoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Bernhard Schmid
- Institution with City, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Schöngart
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Giacomo Sellan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- CNRS-UMR LEEISA, Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Douglas Sheil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Indonesia
| | | | - Plinio Sist
- Cirad, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre F Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Ecologia, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Martin J P Sullivan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Somaiah Sundarapandian
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Mike D Swaine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Natalia Targhetta
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Grupo Ecologia. Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas MAUA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nadja Tchebakova
- V.N. Sukachev Forest Institute of FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - John Tshibamba Mukendi
- Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université de Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Vladimir A Usoltsev
- Ural State Forest Engineering University, Botanical Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel José Vega-Nieva
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helder Viana
- Agricultural High School, ESAV, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, IPV, Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexander C Vibrans
- Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Brazil
| | - Simone A Vieira
- Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (UNICAMP), SP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jason Vleminckx
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Catherine E Waite
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hua-Feng Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Eric Katembo Wasingya
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Chemuku Wekesa
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Taita Taveta Research Centre, Wundanyi, Kenya
| | - Bertil Westerlund
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Institute for Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Rastatt, Germany
| | - Verginia Wortel
- Department of Forest Management, Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | - Chunyu Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (RCAC), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhi-Xin Zhu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Irie C Zo-Bi
- Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, DFR Eaux, Forêts et Environnement, BP, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa.
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13
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Zhang S, Zhang W, Ju M, Qu L, Chu X, Huo C, Wang J. Distribution characteristics of microplastics in surface and subsurface Antarctic seawater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156051. [PMID: 35597347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have attracted worldwide attention due to their potential threat to the marine ecosystem, with such pollutants even detected in the polar seas. Although in-depth research on microplastics has increased in recent years, studies in Antarctic waters remain relatively scarce compared with coastal waters and open oceans. In this study, microplastics in surface and subsurface Antarctic waters were investigated. The average microplastic abundance in the surface water was 0.10 ± 0.14 items/m3, with highest abundance in the Ross Sea, and the average microplastic abundance in the subsurface water was 1.66 ± 1.20 items/m3, with highest abundance in the Dumont d'Urville Sea. Polyester was the main microplastic in the surface waters (87.3%), while polypropylene (33.1%), polyester (28.7%), and polyethylene (22.8%) were the dominant microplastics in the subsurface waters. Results indicate that microplastic pollution in Antarctic waters may come from the Antarctic continent as well as southward transport from the ocean at mid- and low latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Maowei Ju
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ling Qu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoting Chu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cheng Huo
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China.
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14
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Malan A, von der Heyden S, Herron S, Arnould JPY, Kirkwood R, Matthee CA. Palaeoclimatic changes resulted in range expansion and subsequent divergence in brown fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220285. [PMID: 36043305 PMCID: PMC9428522 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Past climatic change as a driving force of marine diversification is still largely unclear, particularly for Southern Hemisphere species. Here, we present a case using the brown fur seal, Arctocephalus pusillus, assessing the geographical structure and demographic history using mitochondrial and nuclear data. Results show the two previously defined subspecies (one from Australia and the other from southern Africa) are phylogeographically distinct. Migration analyses based on nuclear data suggest the absence of migrants among the two genetically close assemblages. The demographic history of A. pusillus is characterized by a glacial population expansion (approx. 18 kya) in the southern African lineage, which coincides with time estimates of population expansion of prey species of seals. Approximate Bayesian calculations support an eastward dispersal event during the Last Glacial Maximum when sea levels were lower, followed by a postglacial divergence event, approximately 13 kya. The demographic history of the brown fur seal in the Southern Oceans provides support that recent palaeoclimatic changes could have facilitated expansions in some marine species and that postglacial sea-level rise may have acted as a dispersal barrier for species mostly confined to continental shelves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Malan
- Department Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - S. von der Heyden
- Department Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - S. Herron
- Department Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J. P. Y. Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - R. Kirkwood
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, South Australia 5024, Australia
- Research Department, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria 3922, Australia
| | - C. A. Matthee
- Department Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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15
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Pinochet R, Pardo LM, Cárdenas L. Assessing diversity of King Crab
Lithodes
spp. in the south‐eastern pacific using phylogeny and molecular species delimitation methods. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9143. [PMID: 35923941 PMCID: PMC9339758 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the genetic diversity of commercially significant species of King Crabs (Lithodes spp.) along the south‐eastern Pacific (SEP) comprises different independent evolutionary units (IEUs) with spatially isolated distribution. Nine localities from inner and open waters along the SEP Chilean coast (39°S‐55°S) were sampled. We analyzed sequences from 173 individuals for the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome oxidase I (COX‐I), 151 individuals for the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS) and 135 for the structural ribosomal RNA (28S). Genetic delimitation was performed through three analytical methods: ABGD, GMYC, and its Bayesian implementation, bGMYC. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses and haplotype networks were also performed. Divergence time between clades was assessed for the COX‐I marker and estimated from known evolutionary rates for this marker in other crustacean species and fossil calibration from other Anomuran species. Delimitation analyses, phylogenetic analyses, and mitochondrial haplotype networks suggested the presence of two deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages of Lithodes in the SEP, referred to as Clade1 and Clade 2. Nuclear markers showed low phylogenetic resolution and therefore were unsuitable for molecular species delimitation. Divergence time analysis of the mitochondrial lineages suggests a separation between Clades of approximately 2.3 Mya. The divergence time obtained suggested that Pliocene glaciations and deglaciations cycles could be involved in hybridization events between Lithodes IEUs at southern tip of South American coasts. The different frequencies of Lithodes haplotypes in inner and open water environments along SEP coasts could be explained by events such as the last glacial maximum or by differences in the adaptation of each clade to different environments. These findings support the necessity of evaluating the taxonomic status of Lithodes individuals found along SEP coasts under an integrative taxonomy approach or through markers with other evolution rates than those already used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Pinochet
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL) Valdivia Chile
| | - Luis Miguel Pardo
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL) Valdivia Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL) Valdivia Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias ambientales y evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
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16
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Fraser CI, Dutoit L, Morrison AK, Pardo LM, Smith SDA, Pearman WS, Parvizi E, Waters J, Macaya EC. Southern Hemisphere coasts are biologically connected by frequent, long-distance rafting events. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3154-3160.e3. [PMID: 35679870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globally, species distributions are shifting in response to environmental change,1 and those that cannot disperse risk extinction.2 Many taxa, including marine species, are showing poleward range shifts as the climate warms.3 In the Southern Hemisphere, however, circumpolar oceanic fronts can present barriers to dispersal.4 Although passive, southward movement of species across this barrier has been considered unlikely,5,6 the recent discovery of buoyant kelp rafts on beaches in Antarctica7,8 demonstrates that such journeys are possible. Rafting is a key process by which diverse taxa-including terrestrial, e.g., Lindo,9 Godinot,10 and Censky et al.,11 and marine, e.g., Carlton et al.12 and Gillespie et al.13 species-can cross oceans.14 Kelp rafts can carry passengers7,15-17 and thus can act as vectors for long-distance dispersal of coastal organisms. The small numbers of kelp rafts previously found in Antarctica7,8 do not, however, shed much light on the frequency of such dispersal events.18 We use a combination of high-resolution phylogenomic analyses (>220,000 SNPs) and oceanographic modeling to show that long-distance biological dispersal events in Southern Ocean are not rare. We document tens of kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) rafting events of thousands of kilometers each, over several decades (1950-2019), with many kelp rafts apparently still reproductively viable. Modeling of dispersal trajectories from genomically inferred source locations shows that distant landmasses are well connected, for example South Georgia and New Zealand, and the Kerguelen Islands and Tasmania. Our findings illustrate the power of genomic approaches to track, and modeling to show frequencies of, long-distance dispersal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceridwen I Fraser
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Adele K Morrison
- Research School of Earth Sciences and Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Luis Miguel Pardo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Stephen D A Smith
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - William S Pearman
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elahe Parvizi
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Waters
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Erasmo C Macaya
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile; Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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17
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Astorga MP, Valenzuela A, Segovia NI, Poulin E, Vargas-Chacoff L, González-Wevar CA. Contrasting Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Divergence Between Landlocked and Migratory Populations of Fish Galaxias maculatus, Evaluated Through Mitochondrial DNA Sequencing and Nuclear DNA Microsatellites. Front Genet 2022; 13:854362. [PMID: 35664323 PMCID: PMC9161745 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galaxias species are interesting biogeographic models due to their distribution and different types of life cycles, with migratory and landlocked populations. To obtain a better understanding of the genetic consequences of the Quaternary glacial cycles in Galaxias maculatus, in this work we compared landlocked and migratory populations collected in areas that were differentially affected by ice advances and retreats. We included nine populations of G. maculatus, four collected from lakes (landlocked) and five from their associated estuaries/rivers (migratory) in three estuary-lake systems across southern Chile. Genetic analyses were performed using the mitochondrial control region and nine microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity measured with both markers was significantly higher in migratory than in landlocked populations across the study area. The levels of genetic differentiation showed higher differentiation among lakes than estuaries. Genetic diversity was higher in migratory populations located in areas that were less impacted by ice during Quaternary glacial processes. These results may be the consequence of recent recolonization of small freshwater bodies following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Finally, the greatest differentiation was observed in populations that were exposed to continental ice advances and retreats during the LGM. Thus, in the present work we corroborate a pattern of differentiation between lakes and estuaries, using mtDNA sequences and microsatellite nuclear markers. This pattern may be due to a combination of biological factors, i.e., resident non-migratory behaviour or landlocking and natal homing-in, as well as geological factors, i.e., Expansion-Contraction Quaternary glacial biogeographic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela P. Astorga
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Andrea Valenzuela
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Nicolás I. Segovia
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Sub-Antárticos (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Sub-Antárticos (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Sub-Antárticos (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio A. González-Wevar
- Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Sub-Antárticos (BASE), Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudio A. González-Wevar,
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18
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Segovia NI, González-Wevar CA, Naretto J, Rosenfeld S, Brickle P, Hüne M, Bernal V, Haye PA, Poulin E. The right tool for the right question: contrasting biogeographic patterns in the notothenioid fish Harpagifer spp. along the Magellan Province. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212738. [PMID: 35382596 PMCID: PMC8984805 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular-based analysis has become a fundamental tool to understand the role of Quaternary glacial episodes. In the Magellan Province in southern South America, ice covering during the last glacial maximum (20 ka) radically altered the landscape/seascape, speciation rates and distribution of species. For the notothenioid fishes of the genus Harpagifer, in the area are described two nominal species. Nevertheless, this genus recently colonized South America from Antarctica, providing a short time for speciation processes. Combining DNA sequences and genotyping-by-sequencing SNPs, we evaluated the role of Quaternary glaciations over the patterns of genetic structure in Harpagifer across its distribution in the Magellan Province. DNA sequences showed low phylogeographic structure, with shared and dominant haplotypes between nominal species, suggesting a single evolutionary unit. SNPs identified contrastingly two groups in Patagonia and a third well-differentiated group in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands with limited and asymmetric gene flow. Linking the information of different markers allowed us to infer the relevance of postglacial colonization mediated by the general oceanographic circulation patterns. Contrasting rough- and fine-scale genetic patterns highlights the relevance of combined methodologies for species delimitation, which, depending on the question to be addressed, allows discrimination among phylogeographic structure, discarding incipient speciation, and contemporary spatial differentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Segovia
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Socio-ecología Costera (SECOS), Coquimbo, Chile.,Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y subAntárticos (MI-BASE), Valdivia, Chile
| | - C A González-Wevar
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y subAntárticos (MI-BASE), Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Dinámicas de Ecosistemas de Altas Latitudes (Fondap IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile
| | - J Naretto
- Costa Humboldt, Puerto Varas, Los Lagos, Chile
| | - S Rosenfeld
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Antárticos y sub-Antárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - P Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, UK
| | - M Hüne
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de los Ecosistemas Australes (ICEA), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - V Bernal
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y subAntárticos (MI-BASE), Valdivia, Chile
| | - P A Haye
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Socio-ecología Costera (SECOS), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - E Poulin
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad de Chile. Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y subAntárticos (MI-BASE), Valdivia, Chile
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19
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Toro JE, Oyarzún PA, Toledo FE, Navarro JM, Illesca AF, Gardner JPA. Genetic structure and diversity of the Chilean flat oyster Ostrea chilensis (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) along its natural distribution from natural beds subject to different fishing histories. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210214. [PMID: 35266950 PMCID: PMC8908350 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostrea chilensis (Küster, 1844), the flat oyster, is native to
Chile and New Zealand. In Chile, it occurs in a few natural beds, from the
northern part of Chiloé Island (41 ºS) to the Guaitecas Archipelago (45 ºS).
This bivalve is slow growing, broods its young, and has very limited dispersal
potential. The Ostrea chilensis fishery has been over-exploited
for a number of decades such that in some locations oysters no longer exist. The
aim of this study was to study the genetic diversity of the Chilean flat oyster
along its natural distribution to quantify the possible impact of the dredge
fishery on wild populations. The genetic structure and diversity of
Ostrea chilensis from six natural beds with different
histories of fishing activity were estimated. Based on mitochondrial (Cytb) and
nuclear (ITS1) DNA sequence variation, our results provide evidence that genetic
diversity is different among populations with recent history of wild dredge
fishery efforts. We discuss the possible causes of these results. Ultimately,
such new information may be used to develop and apply new management measures to
promote the sustainable use of this valuable marine resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Toro
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo A Oyarzún
- Universidad Andres Bello, Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Quintay, Chile
| | - Felipe E Toledo
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jorge M Navarro
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alex F Illesca
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jonathan P A Gardner
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Biological Sciences, Wellington, New Zealand
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20
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Schächinger PM, Schrödl M, Wilson NG, Moles J. Crossing the polar front—Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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22
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Hu L, Dong Y. Northward shift of a biogeographical barrier on China’s coast. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐sha Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yun‐wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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23
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Majewski W, Holzmann M, Gooday AJ, Majda A, Mamos T, Pawlowski J. Cenozoic climatic changes drive evolution and dispersal of coastal benthic foraminifera in the Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19869. [PMID: 34615927 PMCID: PMC8494791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic coastal fauna is characterized by high endemism related to the progressive cooling of Antarctic waters and their isolation by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The origin of the Antarctic coastal fauna could involve either colonization from adjoining deep-sea areas or migration through the Drake Passage from sub-Antarctic areas. Here, we tested these hypotheses by comparing the morphology and genetics of benthic foraminifera collected from Antarctica, sub-Antarctic coastal settings in South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and Patagonian fjords. We analyzed four genera (Cassidulina, Globocassidulina, Cassidulinoides, Ehrenbergina) of the family Cassidulinidae that are represented by at least nine species in our samples. Focusing on the genera Globocassidulina and Cassidulinoides, our results showed that the first split between sub-Antarctic and Antarctic lineages took place during the mid-Miocene climate reorganization, probably about 20 to 17 million years ago (Ma). It was followed by a divergence between Antarctic species ~ 10 Ma, probably related to the cooling of deep water and vertical structuring of the water-column, as well as broadening and deepening of the continental shelf. The gene flow across the Drake Passage, as well as between South America and South Georgia, seems to have occurred from the Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene. It appears that climate warming during 7-5 Ma and the migration of the Polar Front breached biogeographic barriers and facilitated inter-species hybridization. The latest radiation coincided with glacial intensification (~ 2 Ma), which accelerated geographic fragmentation of populations, demographic changes, and genetic diversification in Antarctic species. Our results show that the evolution of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic coastal benthic foraminifera was linked to the tectonic and climatic history of the area, but their evolutionary response was not uniform and reflected species-specific ecological adaptations that influenced the dispersal patterns and biogeography of each species in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Majewski
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Holzmann
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Sciences III, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneve 4, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Gooday
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Aneta Majda
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jan Pawlowski
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
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24
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Cleary AC, Hoffman JI, Forcada J, Lydersen C, Lowther AD, Kovacs KM. 50,000 years of ice and seals: Impacts of the Last Glacial Maximum on Antarctic fur seals. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14003-14011. [PMID: 34707834 PMCID: PMC8525082 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice is one of the most important drivers of population dynamics in polar organisms, influencing the locations, sizes, and connectivity of populations. Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, are particularly interesting in this regard, as they are concomitantly reliant on both ice-associated prey and ice-free coastal breeding areas. We reconstructed the history of this species through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using genomic sequence data from seals across their range. Population size trends and divergence events were investigated using continuous-time size estimation analysis and divergence time estimation models. The combined results indicated that a panmictic population present prior to the LGM split into two small refugial populations during peak ice extent. Following ice decline, the western refugial population founded colonies at the South Shetlands, South Georgia, and Bouvetøya, while the eastern refugial population founded the colony on Iles Kerguelen. Postglacial population divergence times closely match geological estimates of when these coastal breeding areas became ice free. Given the predictions regarding continued future warming in polar oceans, these responses of Antarctic fur seals to past climate variation suggest it may be worthwhile giving conservation consideration to potential future breeding locations, such as areas further south along the Antarctic Peninsula, in addition to present colony areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. Cleary
- Department of Natural SciencesUniversity of AgderKristiansandNorway
- Norwegian Polar InstituteFram CentreTromsøNorway
| | - Joseph I. Hoffman
- Department of Animal BehaviourUniversity of BielefeldBielefeldGermany
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25
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Murphy EJ, Johnston NM, Hofmann EE, Phillips RA, Jackson JA, Constable AJ, Henley SF, Melbourne-Thomas J, Trebilco R, Cavanagh RD, Tarling GA, Saunders RA, Barnes DKA, Costa DP, Corney SP, Fraser CI, Höfer J, Hughes KA, Sands CJ, Thorpe SE, Trathan PN, Xavier JC. Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.624451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important. Processes in the Antarctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and the Southern Ocean directly influence global atmospheric and oceanic systems. Southern Ocean biogeochemistry has also been shown to have global importance. In contrast, ocean ecological processes are often seen as largely separate from the rest of the global system. In this paper, we consider the degree of ecological connectivity at different trophic levels, linking Southern Ocean ecosystems with the global ocean, and their importance not only for the regional ecosystem but also the wider Earth system. We also consider the human system connections, including the role of Southern Ocean ecosystems in supporting society, culture, and economy in many nations, influencing public and political views and hence policy. Rather than Southern Ocean ecosystems being defined by barriers at particular oceanic fronts, ecological changes are gradual due to cross-front exchanges involving oceanographic processes and organism movement. Millions of seabirds and hundreds of thousands of cetaceans move north out of polar waters in the austral autumn interacting in food webs across the Southern Hemisphere, and a few species cross the equator. A number of species migrate into the east and west ocean-basin boundary current and continental shelf regions of the major southern continents. Human travel in and out of the Southern Ocean region includes fisheries, tourism, and scientific vessels in all ocean sectors. These operations arise from many nations, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, and are important in local communities as well as national economic, scientific, and political activities. As a result of the extensive connectivity, future changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems will have consequences throughout the Earth system, affecting ecosystem services with socio-economic impacts throughout the world. The high level of connectivity also means that changes and policy decisions in marine ecosystems outside the Southern Ocean have consequences for ecosystems south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Knowledge of Southern Ocean ecosystems and their global connectivity is critical for interpreting current change, projecting future change impacts, and identifying integrated strategies for conserving and managing both the Southern Ocean and the broader Earth system.
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26
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McGaughran A, Laver R, Fraser C. Evolutionary Responses to Warming. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:591-600. [PMID: 33726946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to dramatically alter biological diversity and distributions, driving extirpations, extinctions, and extensive range shifts across the globe. Warming can also, however, lead to phenotypic or behavioural plasticity, as species adapt to new conditions. Recent genomic research indicates that some species are capable of rapid evolution as selection favours adaptive responses to environmental change and altered or novel niche spaces. New advances are providing mechanistic insights into how temperature might accelerate evolution in the Anthropocene. These discoveries highlight intriguing new research directions - such as using geothermal and polar systems combined with powerful genomic tools - that will help us to understand the processes underpinning adaptive evolution and better project how ecosystems will change in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela McGaughran
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca Laver
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ceridwen Fraser
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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27
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Levicoy D, Flores K, Rosenfeld S, Cárdenas L. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of the microbivalve Kidderia subquadrata, reveals new data from West Antarctic Peninsula. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5705. [PMID: 33707560 PMCID: PMC7952419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that Antarctic biodiversity has been strongly influenced by rapid climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary. Marine invertebrates from Antarctica constitute an interesting lens through which to study the impacts of the last glacial periods as glaciation impacted the distribution and intraspecific genetic variation of these animals. However, the impact on the spatial genetic distribution and historical demography of local processes in areas adjacent to the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is less clear. Here we present new genetic information on the bivalve Kidderia subquadrata, a small mollusk that inhabits intertidal rocky island ecosystems throughout the WAP. Using a phylogeographical approach, we examined the spatial patterns of genetic diversity in this brooder species to test the hypothesis of strong genetic structure in incubating organisms and the hypothesis of glacial refugia in organisms with limited dispersion. We found evidence of strong genetic structure among populations of the WAP and a recent expansion in the South Shetland Islands. Our findings are concordant with the predictions that incubating organisms, abundant in Antarctica, present a strong genetic structure among their populations and also support the hypothesis of glacial refugia in organisms with limited dispersion. The effect of the coastal current pattern in the WAP is suggested as a driver to the local spatial dynamics of the genetic diversity distribution. Although genetic information about this microbivalve is still scarce, the knowledge reported here has increased our understanding of the evolutionary patterns of this organism that is endemic to the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Levicoy
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Kamilla Flores
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos Y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Centro FONDAP- IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales and Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 641, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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28
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González-Wevar CA, Segovia NI, Rosenfeld S, Noll D, Maturana CS, Hüne M, Naretto J, Gérard K, Díaz A, Spencer HG, Saucède T, Féral JP, Morley SA, Brickle P, Wilson NG, Poulin E. Contrasting biogeographical patterns in Margarella (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae: Margarellinae) across the Antarctic Polar Front. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 156:107039. [PMID: 33310059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the trochoidean genus Margarella (Calliostomatidae) are broadly distributed across Antarctic and sub-Antarctic ecosystems. Here we used novel mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to clarify species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among seven nominal species distributed on either side of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). Molecular reconstructions and species-delimitation analyses recognized only four species: M. antarctica (the Antarctic Peninsula), M. achilles (endemic to South Georgia), M. steineni (South Georgia and Crozet Island) and the morphologically variable M. violacea (=M. expansa, M. porcellana and M. pruinosa), with populations in southern South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, Crozet and Kerguelen Islands. Margarella violacea and M. achilles are sister species, closely related to M. steineni, with M. antarctica sister to all these. This taxonomy reflects contrasting biogeographic patterns on either side of the APF in the Southern Ocean. Populations of Margarella north of the APF (M. violacea) showed significant genetic variation but with many shared haplotypes between geographically distant populations. By contrast, populations south of the APF (M. antarctica, M. steineni and M. achilles) exhibited fewer haplotypes and comprised three distinct species, each occurring across a separate geographical range. We hypothesize that the biogeographical differences may be the consequence of the presence north of the APF of buoyant kelps - potential long-distance dispersal vectors for these vetigastropods with benthic-protected development - and their near-absence to the south. Finally, we suggest that the low levels of genetic diversity within higher-latitude Margarella reflect the impact of Quaternary glacial cycles that exterminated local populations during their maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A González-Wevar
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - N I Segovia
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Rosenfeld
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - D Noll
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - C S Maturana
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hüne
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Naretto
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Gérard
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - A Díaz
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - H G Spencer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Saucède
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, 6, boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - J-P Féral
- AMU/CNRS/IRD/AU-IMBE-Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, UMR 7263, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - S A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council. Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge CB30ET, UK
| | - P Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands, UK
| | - N G Wilson
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106, Perth, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - E Poulin
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Padró J, Lambertucci SA, Perrig PL, Pauli JN. Andean and California condors possess dissimilar genetic composition but exhibit similar demographic histories. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:13011-13021. [PMID: 33304512 PMCID: PMC7713948 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While genetic diversity of threatened species is a major concern of conservation biologists, historic patterns of genetic variation are often unknown. A powerful approach to assess patterns and processes of genetic erosion is via ancient DNA techniques. Herein, we analyzed mtDNA from historical samples (1800s to present) of Andean Condors (Vultur gryphus) to investigate whether contemporary low genetic variability is the result of recent human expansion and persecution, and compared this genetic history to that of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus).We then explored historic demographies for both species via coalescent simulations. We found that Andean condors have lost at least 17% of their genetic variation in the early 20th century. Unlike California condors, however, low mtDNA diversity in the Andean condor was mostly ancient, before European arrival. However, we found that both condor species shared similar demographies in that population bottlenecks were recent and co-occurred with the introduction of livestock to the Americas and the global collapse of marine mammals. Given the combined information on genetic and demographic processes, we suggest that the protection of key habitats should be targeted for conserving extant genetic diversity and facilitate the natural recolonization of lost territories, while nuclear genomic data should be used to inform translocation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Padró
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la ConservaciónINIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue ‐ CONICETBarilocheArgentina
- Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Sergio A. Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la ConservaciónINIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue ‐ CONICETBarilocheArgentina
| | - Paula L. Perrig
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la ConservaciónINIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue ‐ CONICETBarilocheArgentina
- Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Jonathan N. Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
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Klein JD, der Merwe AEBV, Dicken ML, Emami-Khoyi A, Mmonwa KL, Teske PR. A globally threatened shark, Carcharias taurus, shows no population decline in South Africa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17959. [PMID: 33087802 PMCID: PMC7578018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the demographic histories of natural populations helps to evaluate their conservation status, and potential impacts of natural and anthropogenic pressures. In particular, estimates of effective population size obtained through molecular data can provide useful information to guide management decisions for vulnerable populations. The spotted ragged-tooth shark, Carcharias taurus (also known as the sandtiger or grey nurse shark), is widely distributed in warm-temperate and subtropical waters, but has suffered severe population declines across much of its range as a result of overexploitation. Here, we used multilocus genotype data to investigate the demographic history of the South African C. taurus population. Using approximate Bayesian computation and likelihood-based importance sampling, we found that the population underwent a historical range expansion that may have been linked to climatic changes during the late Pleistocene. There was no evidence for a recent anthropogenic decline. Together with census data suggesting a stable population, these results support the idea that fishing pressure and other threats have so far not been detrimental to the local C. taurus population. The results reported here indicate that South Africa could possibly harbour the last remaining, relatively pristine population of this widespread but vulnerable top predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana D Klein
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Bester-van der Merwe
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Matthew L Dicken
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 4320, South Africa
- Department of Development Studies, School of Economics, Development and Tourism, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Arsalan Emami-Khoyi
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Kolobe L Mmonwa
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, 4320, South Africa
| | - Peter R Teske
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
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Nuñez JJ, Suárez-Villota EY, Quercia CA, Olivares AP, Sites JW. Phylogeographic analysis and species distribution modelling of the wood frog Batrachyla leptopus (Batrachylidae) reveal interglacial diversification in south western Patagonia. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9980. [PMID: 33083116 PMCID: PMC7546244 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The evolutionary history of southern South American organisms has been strongly influenced by Pleistocene climate oscillations. Amphibians are good models to evaluate hypotheses about the influence of these climate cycles on population structure and diversification of the biota, because they are sensitive to environmental changes and have restricted dispersal capabilities. We test hypotheses regarding putative forest refugia and expansion events associated with past climatic changes in the wood frog Batrachyla leptopus distributed along ∼1,000 km of length including glaciated and non-glaciated areas in southwestern Patagonia. Methods Using three mitochondrial regions (D-loop, cyt b, and coI) and two nuclear loci (pomc and crybA1), we conducted multilocus phylogeographic analyses and species distribution modelling to gain insights of the evolutionary history of this species. Intraspecific genealogy was explored with maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and phylogenetic network approaches. Diversification time was assessed using molecular clock models in a Bayesian framework, and demographic scenarios were evaluated using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and extended Bayesian skyline plot (EBSP). Species distribution models (SDM) were reconstructed using climatic and geographic data. Results Population structure and genealogical analyses support the existence of four lineages distributed north to south, with moderate to high phylogenetic support (Bootstrap > 70%; BPP > 0.92). The diversification time of B. leptopus’ populations began at ∼0.107 mya. The divergence between A and B lineages would have occurred by the late Pleistocene, approximately 0.068 mya, and divergence between C and D lineages was approximately 0.065 mya. The ABC simulations indicate that lineages coalesced at two different time periods, suggesting the presence of at least two glacial refugia and a postglacial colonization route that may have generated two southern lineages (p = 0.93, type I error: <0.094, type II error: 0.134). EBSP, mismatch distribution and neutrality indexes suggest sudden population expansion at ∼0.02 mya for all lineages. SDM infers fragmented distributions of B. leptopus associated with Pleistocene glaciations. Although the present populations of B. leptopus are found in zones affected by the last glacial maximum (∼0.023 mya), our analyses recover an older history of interglacial diversification (0.107–0.019 mya). In addition, we hypothesize two glacial refugia and three interglacial colonization routes, one of which gave rise to two expanding lineages in the south.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Nuñez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Región de Los Ríos, Chile
| | - Elkin Y Suárez-Villota
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción, Región del Bio-Bío, Chile
| | - Camila A Quercia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Región de Los Ríos, Chile
| | - Angel P Olivares
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Región de Los Ríos, Chile
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biology and M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America.,Current affiliation: Department of Biology, Austin Peay St University, Clarksville, TN, United States of America
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Márquez F, Trovant B, Van der Molen S, Sepúlveda RD, Doña J, Johnson KP, Vierna J. Two evolutionary units on the South American razor clam Ensis macha (Bivalvia: Pharidae): genetic and morphometric evidence. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Historical and Contemporary Diversity of Galaxiids in South America: Biogeographic and Phylogenetic Perspectives. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12080304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Galaxiid fishes from South America are represented by three genera (Aplochiton, Brachygalaxias and Galaxias) and eight species. Their genetic patterns have been studied over the last two decades to disentangle how historical and contemporary processes influenced their biogeographic distribution and phylogeographic patterns. Here we review and synthesize this body of work. Phylogeographic approaches reveal the important role played by orogeny and the expansion/melting of glacial ice during the Quaternary. Populations retreated to glacial refugia during glacial times and some systems experienced drainage reversals from the Atlantic to the Pacific following deglaciation. Although most species expanded their populations and increased their genetic diversity during the Holocene, the introduction of salmonids and the construction of dams are likely to lead to a decline in genetic diversity for at least some species. An improvement in our understanding of the processes that influenced historical and contemporary diversity patterns among galaxiid and other native fishes in South America is necessary for addressing the cumulative and synergistic impacts of human activity on this unique freshwater fauna.
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Victoriano PF, Muñoz-Ramírez CP, Canales-Aguirre CB, Jara A, Vera-Escalona I, Burgos-Careaga T, Muñoz-Mendoza C, Habit EM. Contrasting evolutionary responses in two co-distributed species of Galaxias (Pisces, Galaxiidae) in a river from the glaciated range in Southern Chile. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200632. [PMID: 32874654 PMCID: PMC7428232 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Life-history traits are among the most important factors affecting population abundance and genetic diversity of species. Here, we analysed the genetic patterns of two Galaxias species with different life-history traits to investigate how these biological differences impacted their evolution in the Valdivia River basin, Southern Chile. We analysed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from 225 individuals of Galaxias maculatus and 136 of G. platei to compare patterns of genetic diversity, structure and demographic growth across the basin. Galaxias maculatus presented higher genetic diversity and higher genetic structure than G. platei. Demographic analyses showed G. maculatus kept a higher population size over time, with a signal of demographic expansion in the last 250 kyr. Whereas Galaxias platei, exhibited lower, but constant population size over time. Furthermore, haplotype networks revealed higher lineage diversity in G. maculatus with a tendency to occupy different areas of the basin. Coalescent simulations ruled out that genetic differences between species could be explained by stochastic processes (genetic drift), suggesting species-specific biological differences as responsible for the observed genetic differences. We discuss how differences in life-history traits and past glaciations interact to shape the evolutionary history of the two Galaxias species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. F. Victoriano
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Authors for correspondence: P. F. Victoriano e-mail:
| | - C. P. Muñoz-Ramírez
- Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Authors for correspondence: C. P. Muñoz-Ramírez e-mail:
| | - C. B. Canales-Aguirre
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 7, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
| | - A. Jara
- Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
| | - I. Vera-Escalona
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - T. Burgos-Careaga
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C. Muñoz-Mendoza
- Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción, Chile
| | - E. M. Habit
- Unidad de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro de Ciencias Ambientales Eula-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile
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Ruzzante DE, Simons AP, McCracken GR, Habit E, Walde SJ. Multiple drainage reversal episodes and glacial refugia in a Patagonian fish revealed by sequenced microsatellites. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200468. [PMID: 32486985 PMCID: PMC7341911 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of the southern Andes and the Quaternary glacial cycles influenced the landscape of Patagonia, affecting the phylogeographic and biogeographic patterns of its flora and fauna. Here, we examine the phylogeography of the freshwater fish, Percichthys trucha, using 53 sequenced microsatellite DNA markers. Fish (n= 835) were collected from 16 river systems (46 locations) spanning the species range on both sides of the Andes. Eleven watersheds drain to the Pacific, five of which are trans-Andean (headwaters east of Andes). The remaining five drainages empty into the Atlantic. Three analytical approaches (neighbour-joining tree, hierarchical AMOVAs, Structure) revealed evidence of historic drainage reversals: fish from four of the five trans-Andean systems (Puelo, Futalaufquen/Yelcho, Baker, Pascua) exhibited greater genetic similarity with Atlantic draining systems than with Pacific systems with headwaters west of Andes. Present-day drainage (Pacific versus Atlantic) explained only 5% of total genetic variance, while ancestral drainage explained nearly 27% of total variance. Thus, the phylogeographic structure of P. trucha is consistent with episodes of drainage reversal in multiple systems and suggests a major role for deglaciation in the genetic and indeed the geographical distribution of P. trucha in Patagonia. The study emphasizes the significant role of historical processes in the current pattern of genetic diversity and differentiation in a fish from a southern temperate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Annie P Simons
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Evelyn Habit
- Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sandra J Walde
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Baird HP, Moon KL, Janion‐Scheepers C, Chown SL. Springtail phylogeography highlights biosecurity risks of repeated invasions and intraregional transfers among remote islands. Evol Appl 2020; 13:960-973. [PMID: 32431746 PMCID: PMC7232766 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-mediated transport of species outside their natural range is a rapidly growing threat to biodiversity, particularly for island ecosystems that have evolved in isolation. The genetic structure underpinning island populations will largely determine their response to increased transport and thus help to inform biosecurity management. However, this information is severely lacking for some groups, such as the soil fauna. We therefore analysed the phylogeographic structure of an indigenous and an invasive springtail species (Collembola: Poduromorpha), each distributed across multiple remote sub-Antarctic islands, where human activity is currently intensifying. For both species, we generated a genome-wide SNP data set and additionally analysed all available COI barcodes. Genetic differentiation in the indigenous springtail Tullbergia bisetosa is substantial among (and, to a lesser degree, within) islands, reflecting low dispersal and historic population fragmentation, while COI patterns reveal ancestral signatures of postglacial recolonization. This pronounced geographic structure demonstrates the key role of allopatric divergence in shaping the region's diversity and highlights the vulnerability of indigenous populations to genetic homogenization via human transport. For the invasive species Hypogastrura viatica, nuclear genetic structure is much less apparent, particularly for islands linked by regular shipping, while diverged COI haplotypes indicate multiple independent introductions to each island. Thus, human transport has likely facilitated this species' persistence since its initial colonization, through the ongoing introduction and inter-island spread of genetic variation. These findings highlight the different evolutionary consequences of human transport for indigenous and invasive soil species. Crucially, both outcomes demonstrate the need for improved intraregional biosecurity among remote island systems, where the policy focus to date has been on external introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena P. Baird
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katherine L. Moon
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Charlene Janion‐Scheepers
- Iziko Museums of South AfricaCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Zoology & EntomologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Analyzing drivers of speciation in the Southern Ocean using the sea spider species complex Colossendeis megalonyx as a test case. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractColossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881 has the broadest distribution of all sea spiders in the Southern Ocean. Previous studies have detected several evolutionarily young lineages within this taxon and interpreted them as a result of allopatric speciation in a few shelf refuges during glacial maxima. However, alternative scenarios such as ecological speciation in sympatry have rarely been considered or tested. Here, we generated the most extensive genomic and morphometric data set on the C. megalonyx species complex to (i) comprehensively describe species diversity, (ii) explore intraspecific connectivity between populations located around Antarctica, and (iii) systematically test for positive selection indicative of adaptive speciation. We successfully applied a target hybrid enrichment approach and recovered all 1607 genes targeted. Phylogenomic analysis was consistent with previous findings and, moreover, increased the resolution of branching within lineages. We found specimens of phylogenetically well-separated lineages occurring in sympatry to be genetically distinct from each other and gene flow between geographically separated populations of the same lineages to be restricted. Evidence for positive selection was found for four genes associated with structural and neuronal functions. Hence, there is an indication for positive selection in the C. megalonyx species complex, yet its specific contribution to the speciation process remains to be explored further. Finally, morphometric analyses revealed multiple significant differences between lineages, but a clear separation proved difficult. Our study highlights the relevance of positive selection as a potential driver for speciation in the Southern Ocean.
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Wang Y, Liu X, Gao H, Zhang HM, Guo AY, Xu J, Xu X. Early Stage Adaptation of a Mesophilic Green Alga to Antarctica: Systematic Increases in Abundance of Enzymes and LEA Proteins. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:849-863. [PMID: 31794607 PMCID: PMC7038666 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that adaptive evolution in permanently cold environments drives cold adaptation in enzymes. However, how the relatively high enzyme activities were achieved in cold environments prior to cold adaptation of enzymes is unclear. Here we report that an Antarctic strain of Chlorella vulgaris, called NJ-7, acquired the capability to grow at near 0 °C temperatures and greatly enhanced freezing tolerance after systematic increases in abundance of enzymes/proteins and positive selection of certain genes. Having diverged from the temperate strain UTEX259 of the same species 2.5 (1.1-4.1) to 2.6 (1.0-4.5) Ma, NJ-7 retained the basic mesophilic characteristics and genome structures. Nitrate reductases in the two strains are highly similar in amino acid sequence and optimal temperature, but the NJ-7 one showed significantly higher abundance and activity. Quantitative proteomic analyses indicated that several cryoprotective proteins (LEA), many enzymes involved in carbon metabolism and a large number of other enzymes/proteins, were more abundant in NJ-7 than in UTEX259. Like nitrate reductase, most of these enzymes were not upregulated in response to cold stress. Thus, compensation of low specific activities by increased enzyme abundance appears to be an important strategy for early stage cold adaptation to Antarctica, but such enzymes are mostly not involved in cold acclimation upon transfer from favorable temperatures to near 0 °C temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Lombal AJ, O'dwyer JE, Friesen V, Woehler EJ, Burridge CP. Identifying mechanisms of genetic differentiation among populations in vagile species: historical factors dominate genetic differentiation in seabirds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:625-651. [PMID: 32022401 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the factors underlying the origin and maintenance of genetic variation among populations is crucial for our understanding of their ecology and evolution, and also to help identify conservation priorities. While intrinsic movement has been hypothesized as the major determinant of population genetic structuring in abundant vagile species, growing evidence indicates that vagility does not always predict genetic differentiation. However, identifying the determinants of genetic structuring can be challenging, and these are largely unknown for most vagile species. Although, in principle, levels of gene flow can be inferred from neutral allele frequency divergence among populations, underlying assumptions may be unrealistic. Moreover, molecular studies have suggested that contemporary gene flow has often not overridden historical influences on population genetic structure, which indicates potential inadequacies of any interpretations that fail to consider the influence of history in shaping that structure. This exhaustive review of the theoretical and empirical literature investigates the determinants of population genetic differentiation using seabirds as a model system for vagile taxa. Seabirds provide a tractable group within which to identify the determinants of genetic differentiation, given their widespread distribution in marine habitats and an abundance of ecological and genetic studies conducted on this group. Herein we evaluate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in 73 seabird species. Lack of mutation-drift equilibrium observed in 19% of species coincided with lower estimates of genetic differentiation, suggesting that dynamic demographic histories can often lead to erroneous interpretations of contemporary gene flow, even in vagile species. Presence of land across the species sampling range, or sampling of breeding colonies representing ice-free Pleistocene refuge zones, appear to be associated with genetic differentiation in Tropical and Southern Temperate species, respectively, indicating that long-term barriers and persistence of populations are important for their genetic structuring. Conversely, biotic factors commonly considered to influence population genetic structure, such as spatial segregation during foraging, were inconsistently associated with population genetic differentiation. In light of these results, we recommend that genetic studies should consider potential historical events when identifying determinants of genetic differentiation among populations to avoid overestimating the role of contemporary factors, even for highly vagile taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicee J Lombal
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - James E O'dwyer
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Vicki Friesen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 99 University Avenue, Kingston, OL, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Eric J Woehler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - Christopher P Burridge
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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García JT, Domínguez‐Villaseñor J, Alda F, Calero‐Riestra M, Pérez Olea P, Fargallo JA, Martínez‐Padilla J, Herranz J, Oñate JJ, Santamaría A, Motro Y, Attie C, Bretagnolle V, Delibes J, Viñuela J. A complex scenario of glacial survival in Mediterranean and continental refugia of a temperate continental vole species (
Microtus arvalis
) in Europe. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús T. García
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
| | | | - Fernando Alda
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - María Calero‐Riestra
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez Olea
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Departamento de Ecología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Fargallo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales MNCN‐CSIC Madrid Spain
| | | | - Jesús Herranz
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Departamento de Ecología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Juan José Oñate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Departamento de Ecología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Santamaría
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Yoav Motro
- Plant Protection and Inspection Services Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Bet Dagan Israel
| | | | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS and Université de la Rochelle La Rochelle France
- LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine and Val de Sèvre CNRS Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | | | - Javier Viñuela
- IREC, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC‐UCLM‐JCCM) Ciudad Real Spain
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Fernández Iriarte PJ, González-Wevar CA, Segovia NI, Rosenfeld S, Hüne M, Fainburg L, Nuñez JD, Haye PA, Poulin E. Quaternary ice sheets and sea level regression drove divergence in a marine gastropod along Eastern and Western coasts of South America. Sci Rep 2020; 10:844. [PMID: 31964967 PMCID: PMC6972712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The southern coastline of South America is a remarkable area to evaluate how Quaternary glacial processes impacted the demography of the near-shore marine biota. Here we present new phylogeographic analyses in the pulmonate Siphonaria lessonii across its distribution, from northern Chile in the Pacific to Uruguay in the Atlantic. Contrary to our expectations, populations from the southwestern Atlantic, an area that was less impacted by ice during glacial maxima, showed low genetic diversity and evidence of recent expansion, similar to the patterns recorded in this study across heavily ice-impacted areas in the Pacific Magellan margin. We propose that Atlantic and Pacific shallow marine hard-substrate benthic species were both affected during the Quaternary in South America, but by different processes. At higher latitudes of the southeast Pacific, ice-scouring drastically affected S. lessonii populations compared to non-glaciated areas along the Chile-Peru province where the species was resilient. In the southwest Atlantic, S. lessonii populations would have been dramatically impacted by the reduction of near-shore rocky habitat availability as a consequence of glacio-eustatic movements. The increase of gravelly and rocky shore substrates in the southwest Atlantic supports a hypothesis of glacial refugia from where the species recolonized lower latitudes across the Atlantic and Pacific margins. Our results suggest that current patterns of genetic diversity and structure in near-shore marine benthic species do not solely depend on the impact of Quaternary glacial ice expansions but also on the availability of suitable habitats and life-history traits, including developmental mode, bathymetry and the likelihood of dispersal by rafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Fernández Iriarte
- IIMyC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET - FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 (7600), Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C A González-Wevar
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Ecología Molecular Antártica y sub-Antártica, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla # 567, Valdivia, Chile.
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla # 567, Valdivia, Chile.
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #, 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - N I Segovia
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #, 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Diversidad Molecular, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - S Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Bulnes, 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - M Hüne
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #, 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Fainburg
- IIMyC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET - FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 (7600), Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J D Nuñez
- IIMyC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, CONICET - FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250 (7600), Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P A Haye
- Laboratorio de Diversidad Molecular, Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - E Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #, 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Climate shifts are key drivers of ecosystem change. Despite the critical importance of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean for global climate, the extent of climate-driven ecological change in this region remains controversial. In particular, the biological effects of changing sea ice conditions are poorly understood. We hypothesize that rapid postglacial reductions in sea ice drove biological shifts across multiple widespread Southern Ocean species. We test for demographic shifts driven by climate events over recent millennia by analyzing population genomic datasets spanning 3 penguin genera (Eudyptes, Pygoscelis, and Aptenodytes). Demographic analyses for multiple species (macaroni/royal, eastern rockhopper, Adélie, gentoo, king, and emperor) currently inhabiting southern coastlines affected by heavy sea ice conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) yielded genetic signatures of near-simultaneous population expansions associated with postglacial warming. Populations of the ice-adapted emperor penguin are inferred to have expanded slightly earlier than those of species requiring ice-free terrain. These concerted high-latitude expansion events contrast with relatively stable or declining demographic histories inferred for 4 penguin species (northern rockhopper, western rockhopper, Fiordland crested, and Snares crested) that apparently persisted throughout the LGM in ice-free habitats. Limited genetic structure detected in all ice-affected species across the vast Southern Ocean may reflect both rapid postglacial colonization of subantarctic and Antarctic shores, in addition to recent genetic exchange among populations. Together, these analyses highlight dramatic, ecosystem-wide responses to past Southern Ocean climate change and suggest potential for further shifts as warming continues.
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McGaughran A, Terauds A, Convey P, Fraser CI. Genome‐wide SNP data reveal improved evidence for Antarctic glacial refugia and dispersal of terrestrial invertebrates. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4941-4957. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela McGaughran
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- Black Mountain Laboratories Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Acton ACT Australia
| | - Aleks Terauds
- Department of Energy and the Environment Australian Antarctic Division Kingston Tas. Australia
- Fenner School of Environment and Society College of Science Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey NERC, High Cross Cambridge UK
| | - Ceridwen I. Fraser
- Fenner School of Environment and Society College of Science Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
- Department of Marine Science University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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Rexer-Huber K, Veale AJ, Catry P, Cherel Y, Dutoit L, Foster Y, McEwan JC, Parker GC, Phillips RA, Ryan PG, Stanworth AJ, van Stijn T, Thompson DR, Waters J, Robertson BC. Genomics detects population structure within and between ocean basins in a circumpolar seabird: The white-chinned petrel. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4552-4572. [PMID: 31541577 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean represents a continuous stretch of circumpolar marine habitat, but the potential physical and ecological drivers of evolutionary genetic differentiation across this vast ecosystem remain unclear. We tested for genetic structure across the full circumpolar range of the white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) to unravel the potential drivers of population differentiation and test alternative population differentiation hypotheses. Following range-wide comprehensive sampling, we applied genomic (genotyping-by-sequencing or GBS; 60,709 loci) and standard mitochondrial-marker approaches (cytochrome b and first domain of control region) to quantify genetic diversity within and among island populations, test for isolation by distance, and quantify the number of genetic clusters using neutral and outlier (non-neutral) loci. Our results supported the multi-region hypothesis, with a range of analyses showing clear three-region genetic population structure, split by ocean basin, within two evolutionary units. The most significant differentiation between these regions confirmed previous work distinguishing New Zealand and nominate subspecies. Although there was little evidence of structure within the island groups of the Indian or Atlantic oceans, a small set of highly-discriminatory outlier loci could assign petrels to ocean basin and potentially to island group, though the latter needs further verification. Genomic data hold the key to revealing substantial regional genetic structure within wide-ranging circumpolar species previously assumed to be panmictic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalinka Rexer-Huber
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Parker Conservation, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Veale
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yasmin Foster
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John C McEwan
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | | | - David R Thompson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Waters
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Dömel JS, Macher TH, Dietz L, Duncan S, Mayer C, Rozenberg A, Wolcott K, Leese F, Melzer RR. Combining morphological and genomic evidence to resolve species diversity and study speciation processes of the Pallenopsis patagonica (Pycnogonida) species complex. Front Zool 2019; 16:36. [PMID: 31516540 PMCID: PMC6728986 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pallenopsis patagonica (Hoek, 1881) is a morphologically and genetically variable sea spider species whose taxonomic classification is challenging. Currently, it is considered as a species complex including several genetic lineages, many of which have not been formally described as species. Members of this species complex occur on the Patagonian and Antarctic continental shelves as well as around sub-Antarctic islands. These habitats have been strongly influenced by historical large-scale glaciations and previous studies suggested that communities were limited to very few refugia during glacial maxima. Therefore, allopatric speciation in these independent refugia is regarded as a common mechanism leading to high biodiversity of marine benthic taxa in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere. However, other mechanisms such as ecological speciation have rarely been considered or tested. Therefore, we conducted an integrative morphological and genetic study on the P. patagonica species complex to i) resolve species diversity using a target hybrid enrichment approach to obtain multiple genomic markers, ii) find morphological characters and analyze morphometric measurements to distinguish species, and iii) investigate the speciation processes that led to multiple lineages within the species complex. RESULTS Phylogenomic results support most of the previously reported lineages within the P. patagonica species complex and morphological data show that several lineages are distinct species with diagnostic characters. Two lineages are proposed as new species, P. aulaeturcarum sp. nov. Dömel & Melzer, 2019 and P. obstaculumsuperavit sp. nov. Dömel, 2019, respectively. However, not all lineages could be distinguished morphologically and thus likely represent cryptic species that can only be identified with genetic tools. Further, morphometric data of 135 measurements showed a high amount of variability within and between species without clear support of adaptive divergence in sympatry. CONCLUSIONS We generated an unprecedented molecular data set for members of the P. patagonica sea spider species complex with a target hybrid enrichment approach, which we combined with extensive morphological and morphometric analyses to investigate the taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of this group. The extensive data set enabled us to delineate species boundaries, on the basis of which we formally described two new species. No consistent evidence for positive selection was found, rendering speciation in allopatric glacial refugia as the most likely model of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana S. Dömel
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Till-Hendrik Macher
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Dietz
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Statistical Phylogenetics and Phylogenomics, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabrina Duncan
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology – SNSB, Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Statistical Phylogenetics and Phylogenomics, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrey Rozenberg
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Katherine Wolcott
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology – SNSB, Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Roland R. Melzer
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology – SNSB, Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
- Department Biologie II, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- GeoBioCenter, LMU Munich, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
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46
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Frugone MJ, López ME, Segovia NI, Cole TL, Lowther A, Pistorius P, Dantas GPM, Petry MV, Bonadonna F, Trathan P, Polanowski A, Wienecke B, Bi K, Wang-Claypool CY, Waters JM, Bowie RCK, Poulin E, Vianna JA. More than the eye can see: Genomic insights into the drivers of genetic differentiation in Royal/Macaroni penguins across the Southern Ocean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106563. [PMID: 31323335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The study of systematics in wide-ranging seabirds can be challenging due to the vast geographic scales involved, as well as the possible discordance between molecular, morphological and behavioral data. In the Southern Ocean, macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) are distributed over a circumpolar range including populations in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic areas. Macquarie Island, in its relative isolation, is home to a closely related endemic taxon - the royal penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli), which is distinguishable from E. chrysolophus mainly by facial coloration. Although these sister taxa are widely accepted as representing distinct species based on morphological grounds, the extent of their genome-wide differentiation remains uncertain. In this study, we use genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to test genetic differentiation between these geographically isolated taxa and evaluate the main drivers of population structure among breeding colonies of macaroni/royal penguins. Genetic similarity observed between macaroni and royal penguins suggests they constitute a single evolutionary unit. Nevertheless, royal penguins exhibited a tendency to cluster only with macaroni individuals from Kerguelen Island, suggesting that dispersal occurs mainly between these neighboring colonies. A stepping stone model of differentiation of macaroni/royal populations was further supported by a strong pattern of isolation by distance detected across its whole distribution range, possibly driven by large geographic distances between colonies as well as natal philopatry. However, we also detected intraspecific genomic differentiation between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic populations of macaroni penguins, highlighting the role of environmental factors together with geographic distance in the processes of genetic differentiation between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Frugone
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Eugenia López
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Nicolás I Segovia
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Católica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Biología Marina, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Theresa L Cole
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand
| | | | - Pierre Pistorius
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Gisele P M Dantas
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PPG in Vertebrate Biology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Av. Unisinos, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesco Bonadonna
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Phil Trathan
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Andrea Polanowski
- Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Barbara Wienecke
- Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Ke Bi
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Wang-Claypool
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA
| | - Jonathan M Waters
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA
| | - Elie Poulin
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana A Vianna
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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Phylogenomics of the longitarsal Colossendeidae: The evolutionary history of an Antarctic sea spider radiation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 136:206-214. [PMID: 31002869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) constitute a group of marine benthic arthropods that has a particularly high species diversity in the Southern Ocean. The "longitarsal" group of the sea spider family Colossendeidae is especially abundant in this region. However, this group also includes some representatives from other oceans, which raises the question where the group originates from. Therefore, we here investigated the phylogeny of the group with a hybrid enrichment approach that yielded a dataset of 1607 genes and over one million base pairs. We obtained a well-resolved phylogeny of the group, which is mostly consistent with morphological data. The data support an Antarctic origin of the longitarsal Colossendeidae and multiple dispersal events to other regions, which occurred at different timescales. This scenario is consistent with evidence found in other groups of marine invertebrates and highlights the role of the Southern Ocean as a source for non-Antarctic biota, especially of the deep sea. Our results suggest an initially slow rate of diversification followed by a more rapid radiation possibly correlated with the mid-Miocene cooling of Antarctica, similar to what is found in other taxa.
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Salisbury SJ, McCracken GR, Keefe D, Perry R, Ruzzante DE. Extensive secondary contact among three glacial lineages of Arctic Char ( Salvelinus alpinus) in Labrador and Newfoundland. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2031-2045. [PMID: 30847090 PMCID: PMC6392391 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The Pleistocene glaciation event prompted the allopatric divergence of multiple glacial lineages of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), some of which have come into secondary contact upon their recolonization of the Holarctic. While three glacial lineages (Arctic, Atlantic, and Acadian) are known to have recolonized the western Atlantic, the degree of overlap of these three lineages is largely unknown. We sought to determine the distribution of these three glacial lineages in Labrador and Newfoundland at a fine spatial scale to assess their potential for introgression and their relative contribution to local fisheries. LOCATION Labrador and Newfoundland, Canada. METHODS We sequenced a portion of the D-loop region in over 1,000 Arctic char (S. alpinus) samples from 67 locations across Labrador and Newfoundland. RESULTS Within Labrador, the Arctic and Atlantic lineages were widespread. Two locations (one landlocked and one with access to the sea) also contained individuals of the Acadian lineage, constituting the first record of this lineage in Labrador. Atlantic and Acadian lineage individuals were found in both eastern and western Newfoundland. Multiple sampling locations in Labrador and Newfoundland contained fish of two or more different glacial lineages, implying their introgression. Glacial lineage did not appear to dictate contemporary genetic divergence between the pale and dark morph of char present in Gander Lake, Newfoundland. Both were predominately of the Atlantic lineage, suggesting the potential for their divergence in sympatry. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals Labrador and Newfoundland to be a unique junction of three glacial lineages which have likely hybridized extensively in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald Keefe
- Department of Environment and ConservationCorner BrookNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Robert Perry
- Department of Environment and ConservationCorner BrookNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
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Contrasting phylogeographic pattern among Eudyptes penguins around the Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17481. [PMID: 30504851 PMCID: PMC6269470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Since at least the middle-Miocene, the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) and the Subtropical Front (STF) appear to have been the main drivers of diversification of marine biota in the Southern Ocean. However, highly migratory marine birds and mammals challenge this paradigm and the importance of oceanographic barriers. Eudyptes penguins range from the Antarctic Peninsula to subantarctic islands and some of the southernmost subtropical islands. Because of recent diversification, the number of species remains uncertain. Here we analyze two mtDNA (HVRI, COI) and two nuclear (ODC, AK1) markers from 13 locations of five putative Eudyptes species: rockhopper (E. filholi, E. chrysocome, and E. moseleyi), macaroni (E. chrysolophus) and royal penguins (E. schlegeli). Our results show a strong phylogeographic structure among rockhopper penguins from South America, subantarctic and subtropical islands supporting the recognition of three separated species of rockhopper penguins. Although genetic divergence was neither observed among macaroni penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic islands nor between macaroni and royal penguins, population genetic analyses revealed population genetic structure in both cases. We suggest that the APF and STF can act as barriers for these species. While the geographic distance between colonies might play a role, their impact/incidence on gene flow may vary between species and colonies.
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50
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Walton K, Marshall BA, Phillips NE, Verry AJF, Ritchie PA. Phylogeography of the New Zealand whelksCominella maculosaandC. virgata(Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea: Buccinidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Walton
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bruce A Marshall
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicole E Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alexander J F Verry
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Ritchie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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