1
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Kaur J, Sharma A, Passi G, Dey P, Khajuria A, Alajangi HK, Jaiswal PK, Barnwal RP, Singh G. Nanomedicine at the Pulmonary Frontier: Immune-Centric Approaches for Respiratory Disease Treatment. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:295-347. [PMID: 38206610 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2298398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases (RD) are a group of common ailments with a rapidly increasing global prevalence, posing a significant threat to humanity, especially the elderly population, and imposing a substantial burden on society and the economy. RD represents an unmet medical need that requires the development of viable pharmacotherapies. While various promising strategies have been devised to advance potential treatments for RD, their implementation has been hindered by difficulties in drug delivery, particularly in critically ill patients. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for delivering medications to the inflamed organ sites, such as the lungs. Although this approach is enticing, delivering nanomedicine to the lungs presents complex challenges that require sophisticated techniques. In this context, we review the potential of novel nanomedicine-based immunomodulatory strategies that could offer therapeutic benefits in managing this pressing health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gautam Passi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema Kumari Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Hoseinpour R, Hasani A, Baradaran B, Abdolalizadeh J, Salehi R, Hasani A, Nabizadeh E, Yekani M, Hasani R, Kafil HS, Azizian K, Memar MY. Tuberculosis vaccine developments and efficient delivery systems: A comprehensive appraisal. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26193. [PMID: 38404880 PMCID: PMC10884459 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) continues to be a global burden. Vaccination has been proposed to prevent and treat tuberculosis (TB) infection, and several of them are in different phases of clinical trials. Though vaccine production is in progress but requires more attention. There are several TB vaccines in the trial phase, most of which are based on a combination of proteins/adjuvants or recombinant viral vectors used for selected MTB antigens. In this review, we attempted to discuss different types of TB vaccines based on the vaccine composition, the immune responses generated, and their clinical trial phases. Furthermore, we have briefly overviewed the effective delivery systems used for the TB vaccine and their effectiveness in different vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Hoseinpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Laboratory sciences and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research, and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Edris Nabizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Ou BS, Baillet J, Picece VCT, Gale EC, Powell AE, Saouaf OM, Yan J, Nejatfard A, Lopez Hernandez H, Appel EA. Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3214-3233. [PMID: 38215338 PMCID: PMC10832347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Development of effective vaccines for infectious diseases has been one of the most successful global health interventions in history. Though, while ideal subunit vaccines strongly rely on antigen and adjuvant(s) selection, the mode and time scale of exposure to the immune system has often been overlooked. Unfortunately, poor control over the delivery of many adjuvants, which play a key role in enhancing the quality and potency of immune responses, can limit their efficacy and cause off-target toxicities. There is a critical need for improved adjuvant delivery technologies to enhance their efficacy and boost vaccine performance. Nanoparticles have been shown to be ideal carriers for improving antigen delivery due to their shape and size, which mimic viral structures but have been generally less explored for adjuvant delivery. Here, we describe the design of self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles decorated with CpG, a potent TLR9 agonist, to increase adjuvanticity in COVID-19 vaccines. By controlling the surface density of CpG, we show that intermediate valency is a key factor for TLR9 activation of immune cells. When delivered with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, CpG nanoparticle (CpG-NP) adjuvant greatly improves the magnitude and duration of antibody responses when compared to soluble CpG, and results in overall greater breadth of immunity against variants of concern. Moreover, encapsulation of CpG-NP into injectable polymeric-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels enhances the spatiotemporal control over codelivery of CpG-NP adjuvant and spike protein antigen such that a single immunization of hydrogel-based vaccines generates humoral responses comparable to those of a typical prime-boost regimen of soluble vaccines. These delivery technologies can potentially reduce the costs and burden of clinical vaccination, both of which are key elements in fighting a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Ou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julie Baillet
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vittoria C. T.
M. Picece
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emily C. Gale
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abigail E. Powell
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Olivia M. Saouaf
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jerry Yan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anahita Nejatfard
- Department
of Biochemistry, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hector Lopez Hernandez
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford
ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics - Endocrinology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Woods
Institute for the Environment, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Morgun E, Zhu J, Almunif S, Bobbala S, Aguilar MS, Wang J, Conner K, Cui Y, Cao L, Seshadri C, Scott EA, Wang CR. Vaccination with mycobacterial lipid loaded nanoparticle leads to lipid antigen persistence and memory differentiation of antigen-specific T cells. eLife 2023; 12:RP87431. [PMID: 37877801 PMCID: PMC10599656 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection elicits both protein and lipid antigen-specific T cell responses. However, the incorporation of lipid antigens into subunit vaccine strategies and formulations has been underexplored, and the characteristics of vaccine-induced Mtb lipid-specific memory T cells have remained elusive. Mycolic acid (MA), a major lipid component of the Mtb cell wall, is presented by human CD1b molecules to unconventional T cell subsets. These MA-specific CD1b-restricted T cells have been detected in the blood and disease sites of Mtb-infected individuals, suggesting that MA is a promising lipid antigen for incorporation into multicomponent subunit vaccines. In this study, we utilized the enhanced stability of bicontinuous nanospheres (BCN) to efficiently encapsulate MA for in vivo delivery to MA-specific T cells, both alone and in combination with an immunodominant Mtb protein antigen (Ag85B). Pulmonary administration of MA-loaded BCN (MA-BCN) elicited MA-specific T cell responses in humanized CD1 transgenic mice. Simultaneous delivery of MA and Ag85B within BCN activated both MA- and Ag85B-specific T cells. Notably, pulmonary vaccination with MA-Ag85B-BCN resulted in the persistence of MA, but not Ag85B, within alveolar macrophages in the lung. Vaccination of MA-BCN through intravenous or subcutaneous route, or with attenuated Mtb likewise reproduced MA persistence. Moreover, MA-specific T cells in MA-BCN-vaccinated mice differentiated into a T follicular helper-like phenotype. Overall, the BCN platform allows for the dual encapsulation and in vivo activation of lipid and protein antigen-specific T cells and leads to persistent lipid depots that could offer long-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Jennifer Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Sultan Almunif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Melissa S Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Kathleen Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUnited States
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
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5
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Sudduth ER, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Gill N, Bomb K, Fromen CA. Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114831. [PMID: 37100206 PMCID: PMC10527166 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolization of immunotherapies poses incredible potential for manipulating the local mucosal-specific microenvironment, engaging specialized pulmonary cellular defenders, and accessing mucosal associated lymphoid tissue to redirect systemic adaptive and memory responses. In this review, we breakdown key inhalable immunoengineering strategies for chronic, genetic, and infection-based inflammatory pulmonary disorders, encompassing the historic use of immunomodulatory agents, the transition to biological inspired or derived treatments, and novel approaches of complexing these materials into drug delivery vehicles for enhanced release outcomes. Alongside a brief description of key immune targets, fundamentals of aerosol drug delivery, and preclinical pulmonary models for immune response, we survey recent advances of inhaled immunotherapy platforms, ranging from small molecules and biologics to particulates and cell therapies, as well as prophylactic vaccines. In each section, we address the formulation design constraints for aerosol delivery as well as advantages for each platform in driving desirable immune modifications. Finally, prospects of clinical translation and outlook for inhaled immune engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Sudduth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Nicole Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kartik Bomb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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6
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Morgun E, Zhu J, Almunif S, Bobbala S, Aguilar MS, Wang J, Conner K, Cui Y, Cao L, Seshadri C, Scott EA, Wang CR. Vaccination with mycobacterial lipid loaded nanoparticle leads to lipid antigen persistence and memory differentiation of antigen-specific T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531489. [PMID: 36945395 PMCID: PMC10028924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection elicits both protein and lipid antigen-specific T cell responses. However, the incorporation of lipid antigens into subunit vaccine strategies and formulations has been underexplored, and the characteristics of vaccine-induced Mtb lipid-specific memory T cells have remained elusive. Mycolic acid (MA), a major lipid component of the Mtb cell wall, is presented by human CD1b molecules to unconventional T cell subsets. These MA-specific CD1b-restricted T cells have been detected in the blood and disease sites of Mtb-infected individuals, suggesting that MA is a promising lipid antigen for incorporation into multicomponent subunit vaccines. In this study, we utilized the enhanced stability of bicontinuous nanospheres (BCN) to efficiently encapsulate MA for in vivo delivery to MA-specific T cells, both alone and in combination with an immunodominant Mtb protein antigen (Ag85B). Pulmonary administration of MA-loaded BCN (MA-BCN) elicited MA-specific T cell responses in humanized CD1 transgenic mice. Simultaneous delivery of MA and Ag85B within BCN activated both MA- and Ag85B-specific T cells. Notably, pulmonary vaccination with MA-Ag85B-BCN resulted in the persistence of MA, but not Ag85B, within alveolar macrophages in the lung. Vaccination of MA-BCN through intravenous or subcutaneous route, or with attenuated Mtb likewise reproduced MA persistence. Moreover, MA-specific T cells in MA-BCN-vaccinated mice differentiated into a T follicular helper-like phenotype. Overall, the BCN platform allows for the dual encapsulation and in vivo activation of lipid and protein antigen-specific T cells and leads to persistent lipid depots that could offer long-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sultan Almunif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Melissa S. Aguilar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Pouresmaieli M, Ekrami E, Akbari A, Noorbakhsh N, Moghadam NB, Mamoudifard M. A comprehensive review on efficient approaches for combating coronaviruses. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112353. [PMID: 34794240 PMCID: PMC8531103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 80% of people confronting COVID-19 recover from COVID-19 disease without any particular treatments. They experience heterogeneous symptoms; a wide range of respiratory symptoms, cough, dyspnea, fever, and viral pneumonia. However, some others need urgent intervention and special treatment to get rid of this widespread disease. So far, there isn't any unique drug for the potential treatment of COVID 19. However, some available therapeutic drugs used for other diseases seem beneficial for the COVID-19 treatment. On the other hand, there is a robust global concern for developing an efficient COVID-19 vaccine to control the COVID-19 pandemic sustainably. According to the WHO report, since 8 October 2021, 320 vaccines have been in progress. 194 vaccines are in the pre-clinical development stage that 126 of them are in clinical progression. Here, in this paper, we have comprehensively reviewed the most recent and updated information about coronavirus and its mutations, all the potential therapeutic approaches for treating COVID-19, developed diagnostic systems for COVID- 19 and the available COVID-19 vaccines and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Pouresmaieli
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,Faculty of Mining, Petroleum and Geophysics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Elena Ekrami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Noorbakhsh
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,Faculty of Medical Science and Technologies, Islamic Azad University Science and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Borzooee Moghadam
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mamoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Guo Z, Kubiatowicz LJ, Fang RH, Zhang L. Nanotoxoids: Biomimetic Nanoparticle Vaccines against Infections. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Guo
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Luke J. Kubiatowicz
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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9
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Yamoah MA, Thai PN, Zhang XD. Transgene Delivery to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:334. [PMID: 33917388 PMCID: PMC8067386 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and hiPSCs-derived cells have the potential to revolutionize regenerative and precision medicine. Genetically reprograming somatic cells to generate hiPSCs and genetic modification of hiPSCs are considered the key procedures for the study and application of hiPSCs. However, there are significant technical challenges for transgene delivery into somatic cells and hiPSCs since these cells are known to be difficult to transfect. The existing methods, such as viral transduction and chemical transfection, may introduce significant alternations to hiPSC culture which affect the potency, purity, consistency, safety, and functional capacity of hiPSCs. Therefore, generation and genetic modification of hiPSCs through non-viral approaches are necessary and desirable. Nanotechnology has revolutionized fields from astrophysics to biology over the past two decades. Increasingly, nanoparticles have been used in biomedicine as powerful tools for transgene and drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The most successful example is the recent development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines at warp speed to combat the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which brought nanoparticles to the center stage of biomedicine and demonstrated the efficient nanoparticle-mediated transgene delivery into human body. Nanoparticles have the potential to facilitate the transgene delivery into the hiPSCs and offer a simple and robust approach. Nanoparticle-mediated transgene delivery has significant advantages over other methods, such as high efficiency, low cytotoxicity, biodegradability, low cost, directional and distal controllability, efficient in vivo applications, and lack of immune responses. Our recent study using magnetic nanoparticles for transfection of hiPSCs provided an example of the successful applications, supporting the potential roles of nanoparticles in hiPSC biology. This review discusses the principle, applications, and significance of nanoparticles in the transgene delivery to hiPSCs and their successful application in the development of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Yamoah
- Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UQ, UK;
| | - Phung N. Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
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10
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Knight FC, Wilson JT. Engineering Vaccines for Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000230. [PMID: 33997268 PMCID: PMC8114897 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) have attracted significant attention in the field of vaccine development. Distinct from central and effector memory T cells, TRM cells take up residence in home tissues such as the lung or urogenital tract and are ideally positioned to respond quickly to pathogen encounter. TRM have been found to play a role in the immune response against many globally important infectious diseases for which new or improved vaccines are needed, including influenza and tuberculosis. It is also increasingly clear that TRM play a pivotal role in cancer immunity. Thus, vaccines that can generate this memory T cell population are highly desirable. The field of immunoengineering-that is, the application of engineering principles to study the immune system and design new and improved therapies that harness or modulate immune responses-is ideally poised to provide solutions to this need for next-generation TRM vaccines. This review covers recent developments in vaccine technologies for generating TRM and protecting against infection and cancer, including viral vectors, virus-like particles, and synthetic and natural biomaterials. In addition, it offers critical insights on the future of engineering vaccines for tissue-resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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11
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Kirtane AR, Verma M, Karandikar P, Furin J, Langer R, Traverso G. Nanotechnology approaches for global infectious diseases. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:369-384. [PMID: 33753915 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major driver of morbidity and mortality globally. Treatment of malaria, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection are particularly challenging, as indicated by the ongoing transmission and high mortality associated with these diseases. The formulation of new and existing drugs in nano-sized carriers promises to overcome several challenges associated with the treatment of these diseases, including low on-target bioavailability, sub-therapeutic drug accumulation in microbial sanctuaries and reservoirs, and low patient adherence due to drug-related toxicities and extended therapeutic regimens. Further, nanocarriers can be used for formulating vaccines, which represent a major weapon in our fight against infectious diseases. Here we review the current burden of infectious diseases with a focus on major drivers of morbidity and mortality. We then highlight how nanotechnology could aid in improving existing treatment modalities. We summarize our progress so far and outline potential future directions to maximize the impact of nanotechnology on the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya R Kirtane
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malvika Verma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paramesh Karandikar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Chung JY, Thone MN, Kwon YJ. COVID-19 vaccines: The status and perspectives in delivery points of view. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:1-25. [PMID: 33359141 PMCID: PMC7759095 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence and long incubation periods often without symptoms, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of individuals globally, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Even with the recent approval of the anti-viral drug, remdesivir, and Emergency Use Authorization of monoclonal antibodies against S protein, bamlanivimab and casirimab/imdevimab, efficient and safe COVID-19 vaccines are still desperately demanded not only to prevent its spread but also to restore social and economic activities via generating mass immunization. Recent Emergency Use Authorization of Pfizer and BioNTech’s mRNA vaccine may provide a pathway forward, but monitoring of long-term immunity is still required, and diverse candidates are still under development. As the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and interactions with the immune system continues to evolve, a variety of drug candidates are under investigation and in clinical trials. Potential vaccines and therapeutics against COVID-19 include repurposed drugs, monoclonal antibodies, antiviral and antigenic proteins, peptides, and genetically engineered viruses. This paper reviews the virology and immunology of SARS-CoV-2, alternative therapies for COVID-19 to vaccination, principles and design considerations in COVID-19 vaccine development, and the promises and roles of vaccine carriers in addressing the unique immunopathological challenges presented by the disease.
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13
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Rashidzadeh H, Danafar H, Rahimi H, Mozafari F, Salehiabar M, Rahmati MA, Rahamooz-Haghighi S, Mousazadeh N, Mohammadi A, Ertas YN, Ramazani A, Huseynova I, Khalilov R, Davaran S, Webster TJ, Kavetskyy T, Eftekhari A, Nosrati H, Mirsaeidi M. Nanotechnology against the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): diagnosis, treatment, therapy and future perspectives. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:497-516. [PMID: 33683164 PMCID: PMC7938776 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, as an emerging infectious disease, has caused significant mortality and morbidity along with socioeconomic impact. No effective treatment or vaccine has been approved yet for this pandemic disease. Cutting-edge tools, especially nanotechnology, should be strongly considered to tackle this virus. This review aims to propose several strategies to design and fabricate effective diagnostic and therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by the aid of nanotechnology. Polymeric, inorganic self-assembling materials and peptide-based nanoparticles are promising tools for battling COVID-19 as well as its rapid diagnosis. This review summarizes all of the exciting advances nanomaterials are making toward COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Rashidzadeh
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Danafar
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mozafari
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Salehiabar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rahmati
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rahamooz-Haghighi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Navid Mousazadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research & Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Irada Huseynova
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Biophysics & Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1, Malaya Pirogovskaya St, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taras Kavetskyy
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Surface Engineering, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 82100 Drohobych, Ukraine
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh 78151-55158, Iran
- Department of Surface Engineering, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1/1, Malaya Pirogovskaya St, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Polymer Institute of SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava 845 41, Slovakia
| | - Hamed Nosrati
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Joint Ukraine-Azerbaijan International Research & Education Center of Nanobiotechnology & Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych, Ukraine, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
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14
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Kim YC, Hsueh HT, Kim N, Rodriguez J, Leo KT, Rao D, West NE, Hanes J, Suk JS. Strategy to enhance dendritic cell-mediated DNA vaccination in the lung. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2000228. [PMID: 33709020 PMCID: PMC7941873 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We here introduce a new paradigm to promote pulmonary DNA vaccination. Specifically, we demonstrate that nanoparticles designed to rapidly penetrate airway mucus (mucus-penetrating particle or MPP) enhance the delivery of inhaled model DNA vaccine (i.e. ovalbumin-expressing plasmids) to pulmonary dendritic cells (DC), leading to robust and durable local and trans-mucosal immunity. In contrast, mucus-impermeable particles were poorly taken up by pulmonary DC following inhalation, despite their superior ability to mediate DC uptake in vitro compared to MPP. In addition to the enhanced immunity achieved in mucosal surfaces, inhaled MPP unexpectedly provided significantly greater systemic immune responses compared to gold-standard approaches applied in the clinic for systemic vaccination, including intradermal injection and intramuscular electroporation. We also showed here that inhaled MPP significantly enhanced the survival of an orthotopic mouse model of aggressive lung cancer compared to the gold-standard approaches. Importantly, we discovered that MPP-mediated pulmonary DNA vaccination induced memory T-cell immunity, particularly the ready-to-act effector memory-biased phenotype, both locally and systemically. The findings here underscore the importance of breaching the airway mucus barrier to facilitate DNA vaccine uptake by pulmonary DC and thus to initiate full-blown immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo C. Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Henry T. Hsueh
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Namho Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Jason Rodriguez
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Kirby T. Leo
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
| | - Divya Rao
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Natalie E. West
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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15
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Montalvo-Quirós S, Vallet-Regí M, Palacios A, Anguita J, Prados-Rosales RC, González B, Luque-Garcia JL. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Potential Platform for Vaccine Development against Tuberculosis. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121218. [PMID: 33339306 PMCID: PMC7767215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of new strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) highly resistant to antibiotics constitute a public health issue, since tuberculosis still constitutes the primary cause of death in the world due to bacterial infection. Mtb has been shown to produce membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing proteins responsible for modulating the pathological immune response after infection. These natural vesicles were considered a promising alternative to the development of novel vaccines. However, their use was compromised by the observed lack of reproducibility between preparations. In this work, with the aim of developing nanosystems mimicking the extracellular vesicles produced by Mtb, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been used as nanocarriers of immunomodulatory and vesicle-associated proteins (Ag85B, LprG and LprA). These novel nanosystems have been designed and extensively characterized, demonstrating the effectiveness of the covalent anchorage of the immunomodulatory proteins to the surface of the MSNs. The immunostimulatory capacity of the designed nanosystems has been demonstrated by measuring the levels of pro- (TNF) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in exposed macrophages. These results open a new possibility for the development of more complex nanosystems, including additional vesicle components or even antitubercular drugs, thus allowing for the combination of immunomodulatory and bactericidal effects against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Montalvo-Quirós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos y Sociales y Facultad de Experimentales, Francisco de Vitoria University, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Palacios
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.P.); (J.A.)
| | - Juan Anguita
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain; (A.P.); (J.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rafael C. Prados-Rosales
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Blanca González
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (J.L.L.-G.)
| | - Jose L. Luque-Garcia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (J.L.L.-G.)
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16
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Afkhami S, Villela AD, D’Agostino MR, Jeyanathan M, Gillgrass A, Xing Z. Advancing Immunotherapeutic Vaccine Strategies Against Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:557809. [PMID: 33013927 PMCID: PMC7509172 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.557809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic intervention remains the primary strategy in treating and controlling tuberculosis (TB). However, a complex interplay between therapeutic and patient-related factors leads to poor treatment adherence. This in turn continues to give rise to unacceptably high rates of disease relapse and the growing emergence of drug-resistant forms of TB. As such, there is considerable interest in strategies that simultaneously improve treatment outcome and shorten chemotherapy duration. Therapeutic vaccines represent one such approach which aims to accomplish this through boosting and/or priming novel anti-TB immune responses to accelerate disease resolution, shorten treatment duration, and enhance treatment success rates. Numerous therapeutic vaccine candidates are currently undergoing pre-clinical and clinical assessment, showing varying degrees of efficacy. By dissecting the underlying mechanisms/correlates of their successes and/or shortcomings, strategies can be identified to improve existing and future vaccine candidates. This mini-review will discuss the current understanding of therapeutic TB vaccine candidates, and discuss major strategies that can be implemented in advancing their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Drumond Villela
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R. D’Agostino
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Gillgrass
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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17
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Chauhan G, Madou MJ, Kalra S, Chopra V, Ghosh D, Martinez-Chapa SO. Nanotechnology for COVID-19: Therapeutics and Vaccine Research. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7760-7782. [PMID: 32571007 PMCID: PMC7325519 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The current global health threat by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires an urgent deployment of advanced therapeutic options available. The role of nanotechnology is highly relevant to counter this "virus" nano enemy. Nano intervention is discussed in terms of designing effective nanocarriers to counter the conventional limitations of antiviral and biological therapeutics. This strategy directs the safe and effective delivery of available therapeutic options using engineered nanocarriers, blocking the initial interactions of viral spike glycoprotein with host cell surface receptors, and disruption of virion construction. Controlling and eliminating the spread and reoccurrence of this pandemic demands a safe and effective vaccine strategy. Nanocarriers have potential to design risk-free and effective immunization strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine candidates such as protein constructs and nucleic acids. We discuss recent as well as ongoing nanotechnology-based therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to fight against this pandemic, outlining the key areas for nanoscientists to step in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Chauhan
- School of Engineering and Sciences,
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio
Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León,
Mexico
| | - Marc J. Madou
- School of Engineering and Sciences,
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio
Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León,
Mexico
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering, University of California
Irvine, Engineering Gateway 4200, Irvine,
California 92697, United States
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
(Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar,
Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vianni Chopra
- Institute of Nano Science
and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10 Mohali,
160062 Punjab, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science
and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10 Mohali,
160062 Punjab, India
| | - Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences,
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio
Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León,
Mexico
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18
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Kim YC, Hsueh HT, Kim N, Rodriguez J, Leo KT, Rao D, West NE, Hanes J, Suk JS. Strategy to Enhance Dendritic Cell‐Mediated DNA Vaccination in the Lung. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo C. Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Henry T. Hsueh
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Namho Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Jason Rodriguez
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Kirby T. Leo
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Divya Rao
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Natalie E. West
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
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19
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Stylianou E, Paul MJ, Reljic R, McShane H. Mucosal delivery of tuberculosis vaccines: a review of current approaches and challenges. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1271-1284. [PMID: 31876199 PMCID: PMC6961305 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1692657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health threat and it is now clear that the current vaccine, BCG, is unable to arrest the global TB epidemic. A new vaccine is needed to either replace or boost BCG so that a better level of protection could be achieved. The route of entry of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative organism, is via inhalation making TB primarily a respiratory disease. There is therefore good reason to hypothesize that a mucosally delivered vaccine against TB could be more effective than one delivered via the systemic route. Areas covered: This review summarizes the progress that has been made in the area of TB mucosal vaccines in the last few years. It highlights some of the strengths and shortcomings of the published evidence and aims to discuss immunological and practical considerations in the development of mucosal vaccines. Expert opinion: There is a growing body of evidence that the mucosal approach to vaccination against TB is feasible and should be pursued. However, further key studies are necessary to both improve our understanding of the protective immune mechanisms operating in the mucosa and the technical aspects of aerosolized delivery, before such a vaccine could become a feasible, deployable strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stylianou
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Tooting, London, UK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Tooting, London, UK
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Knight FC, Gilchuk P, Kumar A, Becker KW, Sevimli S, Jacobson ME, Suryadevara N, Wang-Bishop L, Boyd KL, Crowe JE, Joyce S, Wilson JT. Mucosal Immunization with a pH-Responsive Nanoparticle Vaccine Induces Protective CD8 + Lung-Resident Memory T Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10939-10960. [PMID: 31553872 PMCID: PMC6832804 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) patrol nonlymphoid organs and provide superior protection against pathogens that commonly infect mucosal and barrier tissues, such as the lungs, intestine, liver, and skin. Thus, there is a need for vaccine technologies that can induce a robust, protective TRM response in these tissues. Nanoparticle (NP) vaccines offer important advantages over conventional vaccines; however, there has been minimal investigation into the design of NP-based vaccines for eliciting TRM responses. Here, we describe a pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticle vaccine for generating antigen-specific CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs. With a single intranasal dose, the NP vaccine elicited airway- and lung-resident CD8+ TRM cells and protected against respiratory virus challenge in both sublethal (vaccinia) and lethal (influenza) infection models for up to 9 weeks after immunization. In elucidating the contribution of material properties to the resulting TRM response, we found that the pH-responsive activity of the carrier was important, as a structurally analogous non-pH-responsive control carrier elicited significantly fewer lung-resident CD8+ T cells. We also demonstrated that dual-delivery of protein antigen and nucleic acid adjuvant on the same NP substantially enhanced the magnitude, functionality, and longevity of the antigen-specific CD8+ TRM response in the lungs. Compared to administration of soluble antigen and adjuvant, the NP also mediated retention of vaccine cargo in pulmonary antigen-presenting cells (APCs), enhanced APC activation, and increased production of TRM-related cytokines. Overall, these data suggest a promising vaccine platform technology for rapid generation of protective CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Kyle W. Becker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Sema Sevimli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Max E. Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Lihong Wang-Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Corresponding Author:
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21
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De Vrieze J, Louage B, Deswarte K, Zhong Z, De Coen R, Van Herck S, Nuhn L, Kaas Frich C, Zelikin AN, Lienenklaus S, Sanders NN, Lambrecht BN, David SA, De Geest BG. Potent Lymphatic Translocation and Spatial Control Over Innate Immune Activation by Polymer-Lipid Amphiphile Conjugates of Small-Molecule TLR7/8 Agonists. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15390-15395. [PMID: 31397948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled systemic inflammatory immune triggering has hampered the clinical translation of several classes of small-molecule immunomodulators, such as imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 agonists for vaccine design and cancer immunotherapy. By taking advantage of the inherent serum-protein-binding property of lipid motifs and their tendency to accumulate in lymphoid tissue, we designed amphiphilic lipid-polymer conjugates that suppress systemic inflammation but provoke potent lymph-node immune activation. This work provides a rational basis for the design of lipid-polymer amphiphiles for optimized lymphoid targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana De Vrieze
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benoit Louage
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ruben De Coen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Van Herck
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Institute of Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sunil A David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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22
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De Vrieze J, Louage B, Deswarte K, Zhong Z, De Coen R, Van Herck S, Nuhn L, Kaas Frich C, Zelikin AN, Lienenklaus S, Sanders NN, Lambrecht BN, David SA, De Geest BG. Amphiphile Polymer‐Lipidkonjugate zur potenten lymphatischen Anreicherung von TLR7/8‐Agonisten ermöglichen eine örtlich begrenzte Aktivierung des angeborenen Immunsystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana De Vrieze
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Benoit Louage
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University VIB Center for Inflammation Research Technologiepark 71 9052 Gent Belgien
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Vakgroep Voeding, Genetica en Ethologie, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde Universiteit Gent Heidestraat 19 9820 Merelbeke Belgien
| | - Ruben De Coen
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Simon Van Herck
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Camilla Kaas Frich
- Institut for Kemi Aarhus Universitet Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Dänemark
| | | | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institut für Versuchstierkunde und Zentrales Tierlaboratorium Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Carl-Neuberg-Str.1 30625 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Niek N. Sanders
- Vakgroep Voeding, Genetica en Ethologie, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde Universiteit Gent Heidestraat 19 9820 Merelbeke Belgien
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University VIB Center for Inflammation Research Technologiepark 71 9052 Gent Belgien
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam Netherlands
| | - Sunil A. David
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota 2231 Sixth Street SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen Universiteit Gent Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Gent Belgien
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23
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Méndez‐Samperio P. Novel vaccination strategies and approaches against human tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12774. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Sankhe K, Khan T, Bhavsar C, Momin M, Omri A. Selective drug deposition in lungs through pulmonary drug delivery system for effective management of drug-resistant TB. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:525-538. [PMID: 31007100 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1609937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a major health issue and continues to be a global health concern. Despite significant advancements in treatment modalities, ~1.6 million deaths worldwide occur due to TB infection. This is because of tuberculosis reservoirs in the alveoli making it a challenge for the formulation scientist to target this. AREAS COVERED This review recent investigations on the forefront of pulmonary drug delivery for managing MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Novel delivery systems like liposomes, niosomes, employing carbohydrate, and -coated molecules via conjugation to selectively deliver the drugs to the lung TB reservoir via pulmonary administration are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Poor patient adherence to treatment due to side effects and extended therapeutic regimen leads to drug-resistant TB. Thus, it is essential to design novel strategies this issue by developing new chemical entities and/or new delivery systems for delivery to the lungs, consequently reducing the side effects, the frequency and the duration of treatment. Delivery of drugs to enhance the efficacy of new/existing anti-TB drugs to overcome the resistance and enhance patient compliance is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaksha Sankhe
- a Department of Pharm Chem and QA , SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- a Department of Pharm Chem and QA , SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , India
| | - Chintan Bhavsar
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , India
| | - Munira Momin
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy , Mumbai , India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- c Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
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25
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Bekale RB, Du Plessis SM, Hsu NJ, Sharma JR, Sampson SL, Jacobs M, Meyer M, Morse GD, Dube A. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Interactions with the Host Immune System: Opportunities for Nanoparticle Based Immunotherapeutics and Vaccines. Pharm Res 2018; 36:8. [PMID: 30411187 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a deadly infectious disease. The thin pipeline of new drugs for TB, the ineffectiveness in adults of the only vaccine available, i.e. the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, and increasing global antimicrobial resistance, has reinvigorated interest in immunotherapies. Nanoparticles (NPs) potentiate the effect of immune modulating compounds (IMC), enabling cell targeting, improved transfection of antigens, enhanced compound stability and provide opportunities for synergistic action, via delivery of multiple IMCs. In this review we describe work performed in the application of NPs towards achieving immune modulation for TB treatment and vaccination. Firstly, we present a comprehensive review of M. tuberculosis and how the bacterium modulates the host immune system. We find that current work suggest great promise of NP based immunotherapeutics as novel treatments and vaccination systems. There is need to intensify research efforts in this field, and rationally design novel NP immunotherapeutics based on current knowledge of the mycobacteriology and immune escape mechanisms employed by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymonde B Bekale
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Su-Mari Du Plessis
- NRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jyoti R Sharma
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Samantha L Sampson
- NRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Unit, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gene D Morse
- AIDS Clinical Trials Group Pharmacology Specialty Laboratory, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Admire Dube
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
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26
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Robust mucosal and systemic responses against HTLV-1 by delivery of multi-epitope vaccine in PLGA nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:321-330. [PMID: 30408519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, the immunogenicity of HTLV-1 fusion epitope-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed in the absence or presence of co-encapsulated CpG ODN adjuvant, in a mice model. For this purpose, the multi-epitope chimera including Tax, env, and gag immunodominant HTLV-1 epitopes was encapsulated in biodegradable PLGA NPs with or without CpG adjuvant. PLGA nanospheres produced by a double emulsion method had a size of <200 nm, and encapsulation efficiency of chimera antigen was 85%. The release profile of radiolabeled chimera indicated that only 17.4% and 20.1% of chimera were released from PLGA NPs without or with co-encapsulated CPG ODN during one month, respectively. The PLGA formulations significantly elevated titers of IgG1, IgG2a, and sIgA antibodies, as well as IL-10, and IFN-γ cytokines and also reduced the amount of TGF-β1 production relative to the other vaccines. Additionally, co-delivery of chimera and CpG ODN in PLGA NPs significantly promoted cellular and mucosal responses compared to the incorporation of CpG and chimera antigen. In summary, these results revealed that the sustained release of chimera from PLGA as an efficient polymeric system elicited potent cell-mediated and mucosal immunity without inflammatory responses against HTLV-1. Therefore, the proper design of vaccine formulation and immunization strategy are crucial factors to construct an efficient vaccine.
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27
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Pati R, Shevtsov M, Sonawane A. Nanoparticle Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2224. [PMID: 30337923 PMCID: PMC6180194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In the context of vaccine development remarkable efforts have been made to develop new vaccines and also to improve the efficacy of existing vaccines against specific diseases. To date, some vaccines are developed from protein subunits or killed pathogens, whilst several vaccines are based on live-attenuated organisms, which carry the risk of regaining their pathogenicity under certain immunocompromised conditions. To avoid this, the development of risk-free effective vaccines in conjunction with adequate delivery systems are considered as an imperative need to obtain desired humoral and cell-mediated immunity against infectious diseases. In the last several years, the use of nanoparticle-based vaccines has received a great attention to improve vaccine efficacy, immunization strategies, and targeted delivery to achieve desired immune responses at the cellular level. To improve vaccine efficacy, these nanocarriers should protect the antigens from premature proteolytic degradation, facilitate antigen uptake and processing by antigen presenting cells, control release, and should be safe for human use. Nanocarriers composed of lipids, proteins, metals or polymers have already been used to attain some of these attributes. In this context, several physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles play an important role in the determination of vaccine efficacy. This review article focuses on the applications of nanocarrier-based vaccine formulations and the strategies used for the functionalization of nanoparticles to accomplish efficient delivery of vaccines in order to induce desired host immunity against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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28
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Chesson CB, Huante M, Nusbaum RJ, Walker AG, Clover TM, Chinnaswamy J, Endsley JJ, Rudra JS. Nanoscale Peptide Self-assemblies Boost BCG-primed Cellular Immunity Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12519. [PMID: 30131591 PMCID: PMC6104033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only vaccine against TB and has limited protection efficacy, which wanes past adolescence. Multifunctional CD8+ T cells (IFN-γ+/TNF-α+/IL-2+) are associated with lower reactivation risk and enhanced control of active Mtb infection. Since boosting with BCG is contraindicated, booster vaccines that augment T cell immunity in the lungs of BCG-vaccinated individuals are urgently needed. We developed a vaccination strategy based on self-assembling peptide nanofibers presenting Mtb-specific CD8+ or CD4+ T cell epitopes that induce high frequency and antigen-specific effector memory T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-2. Intranasal immunization with peptide nanofibers was well tolerated in mice leading to increased antigen-specific CD8+ T cell population in the lungs. Co-assembled nanofibers of CD8+ T cell epitopes and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists induced a 8-fold expansion in multifunctional CD8+ T cell populations in the lungs of vaccinated mice. Aerosol challenge with Mtb in BCG-primed and nanofiber-boosted mice provided an additional 0.5-log CFU reduction in lung bacterial load and indicating enhanced protection compared to BCG alone. Together, these data suggest that heterologous prime-boost with BCG and peptide nanofiber vaccines induces cell mediated immunity in the lung, reduces bacterial burden, and is a potentially safer alternative for boosting BCG-primed immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Chesson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08823, USA
| | - Matthew Huante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Rebecca J Nusbaum
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aida G Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA
| | - Tara M Clover
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA
| | - Jagannath Chinnaswamy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| | - Jai S Rudra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, Texas, USA.
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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29
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Galliverti G, Tichet M, Domingos-Pereira S, Hauert S, Nardelli-Haefliger D, Swartz MA, Hanahan D, Wullschleger S. Nanoparticle Conjugation of Human Papillomavirus 16 E7-long Peptides Enhances Therapeutic Vaccine Efficacy against Solid Tumors in Mice. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1301-1313. [PMID: 30131378 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of patients bearing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers with synthetic long-peptide (SLP) therapeutic vaccines has shown promising results in clinical trials against premalignant lesions, whereas responses against later stage carcinomas have remained elusive. We show that conjugation of a well-documented HPV-E7 SLP to ultra-small polymeric nanoparticles (NP) enhances the antitumor efficacy of therapeutic vaccination in different mouse models of HPV+ cancers. Immunization of TC-1 tumor-bearing mice with a single dose of NP-conjugated E7LP (NP-E7LP) generated a larger pool of E7-specific CD8+ T cells with increased effector functions than unconjugated free E7LP. At the tumor site, NP-E7LP prompted a robust infiltration of CD8+ T cells that was not accompanied by concomitant accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in a higher CD8+ T-cell to Treg ratio. Consequently, the amplified immune response elicited by the NP-E7LP formulation led to increased regression of large, well-established tumors, resulting in a significant percentage of complete responses that were not achievable by immunizing with the non-NP-conjugated long-peptide. The partial responses were characterized by distinct phases of regression, stable disease, and relapse to progressive growth, establishing a platform to investigate adaptive resistance mechanisms. The efficacy of NP-E7LP could be further improved by therapeutic activation of the costimulatory receptor 4-1BB. This NP-E7LP formulation illustrates a "solid-phase" antigen delivery strategy that is more effective than a conventional free-peptide ("liquid") vaccine, further highlighting the potential of using such formulations for therapeutic vaccination against solid tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1301-13. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Galliverti
- Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tichet
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylvie Hauert
- Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Wullschleger
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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30
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Lin LCW, Chattopadhyay S, Lin JC, Hu CMJ. Advances and Opportunities in Nanoparticle- and Nanomaterial-Based Vaccines against Bacterial Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701395. [PMID: 29508547 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the dawn of the postantibiotic era we approach, antibacterial vaccines are becoming increasingly important for managing bacterial infection and reducing the need for antibiotics. Despite the success of vaccination, vaccines remain unavailable for many pressing microbial diseases, including tuberculosis, chlamydia, and staphylococcus infections. Amid continuing research efforts in antibacterial vaccine development, the advancement of nanomaterial engineering has brought forth new opportunities in vaccine designs. With increasing knowledge in antibacterial immunity and immunologic adjuvants, innovative nanoparticles are designed to elicit the appropriate immune responses for effective antimicrobial defense. Rationally designed nanoparticles are demonstrated to overcome delivery barriers to shape the adaptive immunity. This article reviews the advances in nanoparticle- and nanomaterial-based antibacterial vaccines and summarizes the development of nanoparticulate adjuvants for immune potentiation against microbial pathogens. In addition, challenges and progress in ongoing antibacterial vaccine development are discussed to highlight the opportunities for future vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Chien-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road Nangang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Saborni Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road Nangang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road Nangang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road Nangang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
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31
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32
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Minz S, Pandey RS. Development of Adjuvanted Solid Fat Nanoemulsions for Pulmonary Hepatitis B Vaccination. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1701-1712. [PMID: 29454622 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary vaccination is one of the most promising routes for immunization owing to its noninvasive nature and induction of strong mucosal immunity and systemic response. In the present study, recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen loaded solid fat nanoemulsions (SFNs) as carrier system and monophosphoryl lipid A as an adjuvant-carrier system was prepared and evaluated as multiadjuvanted vaccine system for deep pulmonary vaccination. Deposition and clearance from the deep lung of rats were determined by gamma scintigraphy. Biodistribution of SFNs was determined by the live animal imaging system. SFNs dispersion showed slower clearance as compared with sodium pertechnetate control solution (∗∗∗p <0.001) from the pulmonary region due to the virtue of particulate and hydrophobic nature of formulations. Humoral (sIgA and IgG) and cellular (IL-2 and IF-γ) immune responses were found to be significant (∗∗∗p <0.001) when compared with naïve antigen (recombinant surface antigen without any excipient) solution. Data indicate that deep pulmonary immunization offers a stronger immune response with balanced humoral, mucosal, and cellular immunization, which further needs to be tested in higher animals to support this hypothesis for clinical translation of this so far neglected yet potential target tissue for immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India 484887; SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India 495009
| | - Ravi Shankar Pandey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India 495009.
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33
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Rodrigues TC, Oliveira MLS, Soares-Schanoski A, Chavez-Rico SL, Figueiredo DB, Gonçalves VM, Ferreira DM, Kunda NK, Saleem IY, Miyaji EN. Mucosal immunization with PspA (Pneumococcal surface protein A)-adsorbed nanoparticles targeting the lungs for protection against pneumococcal infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191692. [PMID: 29360883 PMCID: PMC5779684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burden of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae remains high despite the availability of conjugate vaccines. Mucosal immunization targeting the lungs is an attractive alternative for the induction of local immune responses to improve protection against pneumonia. Our group had previously described the development of poly(glycerol adipate-co-ω-pentadecalactone) (PGA-co-PDL) polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) adsorbed with Pneumococcal surface protein A from clade 4 (PspA4Pro) within L-leucine microcarriers (nanocomposite microparticles—NCMPs) for mucosal delivery targeting the lungs (NP/NCMP PspA4Pro). NP/NCMP PspA4Pro was now used for immunization of mice. Inoculation of this formulation induced anti-PspA4Pro IgG antibodies in serum and lungs. Analysis of binding of serum IgG to intact bacteria showed efficient binding to bacteria expressing PspA from clades 3, 4 and 5 (family 2), but no binding to bacteria expressing PspA from clades 1 and 2 (family 1) was observed. Both mucosal immunization with NP/NCMP PspA4Pro and subcutaneous injection of the protein elicited partial protection against intranasal lethal pneumococcal challenge with a serotype 3 strain expressing PspA from clade 5 (PspA5). Although similar survival levels were observed for mucosal immunization with NP/NCMP PspA4Pro and subcutaneous immunization with purified protein, NP/NCMP PspA4Pro induced earlier control of the infection. Conversely, neither immunization with NP/NCMP PspA4Pro nor subcutaneous immunization with purified protein reduced bacterial burden in the lungs after challenge with a serotype 19F strain expressing PspA from clade 1 (PspA1). Mucosal immunization with NP/NCMP PspA4Pro targeting the lungs is thus able to induce local and systemic antibodies, conferring protection only against a strain expressing PspA from the homologous family 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Douglas B. Figueiredo
- Laboratório Especial de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane M. Gonçalves
- Laboratório Especial de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Respiratory Infection Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nitesh K. Kunda
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Y. Saleem
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eliane N. Miyaji
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Xu K, Liang ZC, Ding X, Hu H, Liu S, Nurmik M, Bi S, Hu F, Ji Z, Ren J, Yang S, Yang YY, Li L. Nanomaterials in the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28941042 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous advancements that have been made in biomedical research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) still remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, outpacing the Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a leading cause of death from an infectious disease. In the light of such significant disease burden, tremendous efforts have been made worldwide to stem this burgeoning spread of disease. The use of nanomaterials in TB management has increased in the past decade, particularly in the areas of early TB detection, prevention, and treatment. Nanomaterials have been proven to be efficacious in the rapid and accurate detection of TB pathogens. Novel nanocarriers have also shown tremendous promise in improving drug delivery, potentially enhancing drug concentrations in target organs while at the same time, reducing treatment frequency. In addition, the engineering of antigen nanocarriers represents an exciting front in TB research, potentially paving the way for the successful development of a new class of effective TB vaccines. This article discusses epidemiology and pathogenesis of TB infections, current TB therapeutics, advanced nanomaterials for anti-TB drug delivery, and TB vaccines. In addition, challenges and future perspectives in developing safe and effective nanomaterials in TB diagnosis and therapy are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chang Liang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Xin Ding
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Haiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Martin Nurmik
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Sheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Feishu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Zhongkang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Shigui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
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Lewinsohn DA, Lewinsohn DM, Scriba TJ. Polyfunctional CD4 + T Cells As Targets for Tuberculosis Vaccination. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1262. [PMID: 29051764 PMCID: PMC5633696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the widespread use of the only licensed vaccine, Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). Eradication of TB will require a more effective vaccine, yet evaluation of new vaccine candidates is hampered by lack of defined correlates of protection. Animal and human studies of intracellular pathogens have extensively evaluated polyfunctional CD4+ T cells producing multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) as a possible correlate of protection from infection and disease. In this study, we review the published literature that evaluates whether or not BCG and/or novel TB vaccine candidates induce polyfunctional CD4+ T cells and if these T cell responses correlate with vaccine-mediated protection. Ample evidence suggests that BCG and several novel vaccine candidates evaluated in animal models and humans induce polyfunctional CD4+ T cells. However, while a number of studies utilizing the mouse TB model support that polyfunctional CD4+ T cells are associated with vaccine-induced protection, other studies in mouse and human infants demonstrate no correlation between these T cell responses and protection. We conclude that induction of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells is certainly not sufficient and may not even be necessary to mediate protection and suggest that other functional attributes, such as additional effector functions, T cell differentiation state, tissue homing potential, or long-term survival capacity of the T cell may be equally or more important to promote protection. Thus, a correlate of protection for TB vaccine development remains elusive. Future studies should address polyfunctional CD4+ T cells within the context of more comprehensive immunological signatures of protection that include other functions and phenotypes of T cells as well as the full spectrum of immune cells and mediators that participate in the immune response against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Bo R, Sun Y, Zhou S, Ou N, Gu P, Liu Z, Hu Y, Liu J, Wang D. Simple nanoliposomes encapsulating Lycium barbarum polysaccharides as adjuvants improve humoral and cellular immunity in mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6289-6301. [PMID: 28894367 PMCID: PMC5584898 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of subunit vaccines has been hampered by the problems of weak or short-term immunity and the lack of availability of nontoxic, potent adjuvants. It would be desirable to develop safe and efficient adjuvants with the aim of improving the cellular immune response against the target antigen. In this study, the targeting and sustained release of simple nanoliposomes containing Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) as an efficacious immune adjuvant to improve immune responses were explored. LBP liposome (LBPL) with high entrapment efficiency (86%) were obtained using a reverse-phase evaporation method and then used to encapsulate the model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA). We demonstrated that the as-synthesized liposome loaded with OVA and LBP (LBPL-OVA) was stable for 45 days and determined the encapsulation stability of OVA at 4°C and 37°C and the release profile of OVA from LBPL-OVA was investigated in pH 7.4 and pH 5.0. Further in vivo investigation showed that the antigen-specific humoral response was correlated with antigen delivery to the draining lymph nodes. The LBPL-OVA were also associated with high levels of uptake by key dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes and they efficiently stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation in vivo, further promoting antibody production. These features together elicited a significant humoral and celluar immune response, which was superior to that produced by free antigen alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Bo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Yaqin Sun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Shuzhen Zhou
- Foshan City Nanhai Eastern Along Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Ning Ou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing
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Pradhan B, Guha D, Murmu KC, Sur A, Ray P, Das D, Aich P. Comparative efficacy analysis of anti-microbial peptides, LL-37 and indolicidin upon conjugation with CNT, in human monocytes. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:44. [PMID: 28606090 PMCID: PMC5469186 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the potential to serve as an alternative to antibiotic. AMPs usually exert bactericidal activity via direct killing of microbial pathogens. Reports have proposed that by harnessing innate immune activation, AMPs can regulate pathogen invasion and may control infection. It has been reported that AMPs could be utilized to activate the innate mucosal immune response in order to eliminate pathogenic infections. This way of controlling pathogen infection, by activating host immunity, confers the potential to the select AMPs to alleviate the problem of antibiotic resistance. Among various AMPs tested LL-37 and indolicidin, showed promise to be potential candidates for eliciting enhanced host innate immune responses. LL-37 and indolicidin had exhibited substantial innate immune activation in both human and murine macrophages. Dosage for each of the AMPs, however, was high with adverse side effects. RESULTS In this study, we reported that upon conjugation with carbon nanotubes (CNT), each AMP remained biologically functional at a concentration that was 1000-fold less than the dosage required for free AMP to remain active in the cells. CONCLUSIONS Current study also revealed that while indolicidin induced signalling events mediated through the TNFRSF1A pathway in THP1 cells, followed by activation of NFκB and c-JUN pathways, treatment of cells with LL-37 induced signalling events by activating IL1R, with subsequent activation of NFκB and NFAT2. Thp1 cells, primed with CNT conjugated LL-37 or indolicidin, are protected against Salmonella typhimurium infection at 16 h post challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswaranjan Pradhan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Khurdha, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Dipanjan Guha
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Khurdha, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Krushna Chandra Murmu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Khurdha, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Abhinav Sur
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Khurdha, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Pratikshya Ray
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Khurdha, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Debashmita Das
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Khurdha, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Palok Aich
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Khurdha, Jatni, Odisha, 752050, India.
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Kelly SH, Shores LS, Votaw NL, Collier JH. Biomaterial strategies for generating therapeutic immune responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:3-18. [PMID: 28455189 PMCID: PMC5606982 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials employed to raise therapeutic immune responses have become a complex and active field. Historically, vaccines have been developed primarily to fight infectious diseases, but recent years have seen the development of immunologically active biomaterials towards an expanding list of non-infectious diseases and conditions including inflammation, autoimmunity, wounds, cancer, and others. This review structures its discussion of these approaches around a progression from single-target strategies to those that engage increasingly complex and multifactorial immune responses. First, the targeting of specific individual cytokines is discussed, both in terms of delivering the cytokines or blocking agents, and in terms of active immunotherapies that raise neutralizing immune responses against such single cytokine targets. Next, non-biological complex drugs such as randomized polyamino acid copolymers are discussed in terms of their ability to raise multiple different therapeutic immune responses, particularly in the context of autoimmunity. Last, biologically derived matrices and materials are discussed in terms of their ability to raise complex immune responses in the context of tissue repair. Collectively, these examples reflect the tremendous diversity of existing approaches and the breadth of opportunities that remain for generating therapeutic immune responses using biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Kelly
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Lucas S Shores
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Nicole L Votaw
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States.
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Rincon-Restrepo M, Mayer A, Hauert S, Bonner DK, Phelps EA, Hubbell JA, Swartz MA, Hirosue S. Vaccine nanocarriers: Coupling intracellular pathways and cellular biodistribution to control CD4 vs CD8 T cell responses. Biomaterials 2017; 132:48-58. [PMID: 28407494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle delivery systems are known to enhance the immune response to soluble antigens (Ags) and are thus a promising tool for the development of new vaccines. Our laboratory has engineered two different nanoparticulate systems in which Ag is either encapsulated within the core of polymersomes (PSs) or decorated onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs). Previous studies showed that PSs are better at enhancing CD4 T cells and antibody titers, while NPs preferentially augment cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Herein, we demonstrate that the differential activation of T cell immunity reflects differences in the modes of intracellular trafficking and distinct biodistribution of the Ag in lymphoid organs, which are both driven by the properties of each nanocarrier. Furthermore, we found that Ags within PSs promoted better CD4 T cell activation and induced a higher frequency of CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. These differences correlated with changes in the frequency of germinal center B cells and plasma cell formation, which reflects the previously observed antibody titers. Our results show that PSs are a promising vector for the delivery of Ags for B cell vaccine development. This study demonstrates that nanocarrier design has a large impact on the quality of the induced adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rincon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Mayer
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Hauert
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel K Bonner
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward A Phelps
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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40
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Luo M, Samandi LZ, Wang Z, Chen ZJ, Gao J. Synthetic nanovaccines for immunotherapy. J Control Release 2017; 263:200-210. [PMID: 28336379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although vaccination is historically one of the most successful strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases, development of vaccines for cancer and many chronic infections, such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis, has remained a challenge. Strong and long-lasting antigen-specific T cell responses are critical for therapy of these diseases. A major challenge in achieving a robust CD8+ T cell response is the requirement of spatio-temporal orchestration of antigen cross-presentation in antigen-presenting cells with innate stimulation. Here, we discuss the development of nanoparticle vaccine (nanovaccine) that modulates the innate immune system and enhances adaptive immunity with reduced toxicity. We address how nanovaccines can integrate multiple functions, such as lymph node targeting, antigen presentation, and stimulation of innate immunity, to achieve a robust T cell response for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Layla Z Samandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhijian J Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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41
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Dykman LA, Khlebtsov NG. Immunological properties of gold nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1719-1735. [PMID: 28451297 PMCID: PMC5396510 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03631g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, gold nanoparticles have attracted strong interest from the nanobiotechnological community owing to the significant progress made in robust and easy-to-make synthesis technologies, in surface functionalization, and in promising biomedical applications. These include bioimaging, gene diagnostics, analytical sensing, photothermal treatment of tumors, and targeted delivery of various biomolecular and chemical cargos. For the last-named application, gold nanoparticles should be properly fabricated to deliver the cargo into the targeted cells through effective endocytosis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the selective penetration of gold nanoparticles into immune cells. The interaction of gold nanoparticles with immune cell receptors is discussed. As distinct from other published reviews, we present a summary of the immunological properties of gold nanoparticles. This review also summarizes what is known about the application of gold nanoparticles as an antigen carrier and adjuvant in immunization for the preparation of antibodies in vivo. For each of the above topics, the basic principles, recent advances, and current challenges are discussed. Thus, this review presents a detailed analysis of data on interaction of gold nanoparticles with immune cells. Emphasis is placed on the systematization of data over production of antibodies by using gold nanoparticles and adjuvant properties of gold nanoparticles. Specifically, we start our discussion with current data on interaction of various gold nanoparticles with immune cells. The next section describes existing technologies to improve production of antibodies in vivo by using gold nanoparticles conjugated with specific ligands. Finally, we describe what is known about adjuvant properties of bare gold or functionalized nanoparticles. In the Conclusion section, we present a short summary of reported data and some challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev A Dykman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms , Russian Academy of Sciences , 13 Prospekt Entuziastov , Saratov 410049 , Russia . ;
| | - Nikolai G Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms , Russian Academy of Sciences , 13 Prospekt Entuziastov , Saratov 410049 , Russia . ;
- Saratov National Research State University , 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya , Saratov 410012 , Russia
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42
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Costa-Gouveia J, Aínsa JA, Brodin P, Lucía A. How can nanoparticles contribute to antituberculosis therapy? Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:600-607. [PMID: 28137645 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches using nanoparticles are being successfully used in foods and in several fields of medicine, including infectious diseases. Regarding tuberculosis (TB) treatment, nanoparticles can be a useful strategy for two distinct applications: (i) for their intrinsic antimycobacterial activity; (ii) as vehicles for known antitubercular drugs to allow reduction of dose- and drug-associated side-effects and administration via user-friendly administration routes such as pulmonary or oral ones. Promising results were obtained in vitro and in animal Mycobacterium tuberculosis models and need now to be translated into clinical drug candidates. Such a prospect can provide an opportunity regarding the current limited therapeutic options for drug-resistant TB and the scarcity of novel antituberculosis drugs in the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa-Gouveia
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, University Hospital Center of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - José A Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología (Facultad de Medicina), and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Priscille Brodin
- University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, University Hospital Center of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Departamento de Microbiología (Facultad de Medicina), and BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS-Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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43
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Genta I, Colonna C, Conti B, Caliceti P, Salmaso S, Speziale P, Pietrocola G, Chiesa E, Modena T, Dorati R. CNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles improve humoral response againstS. aureus-mediated infections in a mouse model: subcutaneous vs. nasal administration strategy. J Microencapsul 2016; 33:750-762. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2016.1260661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Colonna
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Modena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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44
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Agger EM. Novel adjuvant formulations for delivery of anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:73-82. [PMID: 26596558 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a new and improved vaccine against tuberculosis for controlling this disease that continues to pose a global health threat. The current research strategy is to replace the present BCG vaccine or boost BCG-immunity with subunit vaccines such as viral vectored- or protein-based vaccines. The use of recombinant proteins holds a number of production advantages including ease of scalability, but requires an adjuvant inducing cell-mediated immune responses. A number of promising novel adjuvant formulations have recently been designed and show evidence of induction of cellular immune responses in humans. A common trait of effective TB adjuvants including those already in current clinical testing is a two-component approach combining a delivery system with an appropriate immunomodulator. This review summarizes the status of current TB adjuvant research with a focus on the division of labor between delivery systems and immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Marie Agger
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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Xu L, Cui G, Jia H, Zhu Y, Ding Y, Chen J, Lu C, Ye P, Gao H, Li L, Ma W, Lyu J, Diao H. Decreased IL-17 during treatment of sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis due to increased regulatory T cells and IL-10. J Transl Med 2016; 14:179. [PMID: 27311307 PMCID: PMC4911683 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that IL-17 plays an important role in initial immune response and is involved in both immune-mediated protection and pathology following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, the alterations and regulation of plasma IL-17 level during TB treatment remain unclear. Moreover, the cell type responsible for the production of IL-17 in TB patients requires further study. METHODS A total of 20 acid-fast bacilli smear-positive (AFB-positive) pulmonary TB patients and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included in our study. Blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes at the time of diagnosis (AFB-positive group) and 3 weeks after the initiation of therapy, when the sputum smear conversion (AFB-negative group) occurred, followed by symptomatic improvement. IL-17 levels and IL-17-producing cells in PBMCs were detected. Lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood between the AFB-positive and AFB-negative groups were compared by flow-cytometry. A549 cells, a cell line of alveolar epithelial cells, were applied to determine the extent of the pathological damage mediated by IL-17 following MTB infection. Recombinant human IL-10 was used to investigate the regulation of IL-17 expression after sputum smear conversion in AFB-positive pulmonary TB patients. RESULTS Plasma IL-17 level were elevated in patients with sputum AFB-positive pulmonary TB, but substantially decreased after TB treatment and smear conversion. Our data indicate that NKT-like cells might be the main source of IL-17, in addition to conventional T cells in AFB-positive pulmonary TB patients. The secretion of IL-17 may be suppressed by regulatory T (Treg) cells and IL-10 during TB treatment. Moreover, the IL-17 levels were positively correlated to both the C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Therefore, IL-17 was capable of alveolar epithelial cell damage following MTB infection. CONCLUSION The increase in the frequency of Treg cells and IL-10 levels was associated with a decrease in IL-17 in patients receiving TB treatment. Thus, IL-10 and Tregs may function to inhibit immune-mediated pathology in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The 3rd People's Hospital Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongyan Diao
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Thomas SN, Rohner NA, Edwards EE. Implications of Lymphatic Transport to Lymph Nodes in Immunity and Immunotherapy. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 18:207-33. [PMID: 26928210 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-101515-014413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune response consists of many highly regulated, multistep cascades that protect against infection while preserving the health of autologous tissue. The proper initiation, maintenance, and resolution of such responses require the precise coordination of molecular and cellular signaling over multiple time and length scales orchestrated by lymphatic transport. In order to investigate these functions and manipulate them for therapy, a comprehensive understanding of how lymphatics influence immune physiology is needed. This review presents the current mechanistic understanding of the role of the lymphatic vasculature in regulating biomolecule and cellular transport from the interstitium, peripheral tissue immune surveillance, the lymph node stroma and microvasculature, and circulating lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes. This review also discusses the ramifications of lymphatic transport in immunity as well as tolerance and concludes with examples of how lymphatic-mediated targeting of lymph nodes has been exploited for immunotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan N Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Nathan A Rohner
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
| | - Erin E Edwards
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Yang L, Li W, Kirberger M, Liao W, Ren J. Design of nanomaterial based systems for novel vaccine development. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:785-802. [PMID: 26891972 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With lower cell toxicity and higher specificity, novel vaccines have been greatly developed and applied to emerging infectious and chronic diseases. However, due to problems associated with low immunogenicity and complicated processing steps, the development of novel vaccines has been limited. With the rapid development of bio-technologies and material sciences, nanomaterials are playing essential roles in novel vaccine design. Incorporation of nanomaterials is expected to improve delivery efficiency, to increase immunogenicity, and to reduce the administration dosage. The purpose of this review is to discuss the employment of nanomaterials, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, virus-like particles, peptide amphiphiles micelles, peptide nanofibers and microneedle arrays, in vaccine design. Compared to traditional methods, vaccines made from nanomaterials display many appealing benefits, including precise stimulation of immune responses, effective targeting to certain tissue or cells, and desirable biocompatibility. Current research suggests that nanomaterials may improve our approach to the design and delivery of novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Uangzhou 510640, China.
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Brubaker CE, Panagiotou V, Demurtas D, Bonner DK, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA. A Cationic Micelle Complex Improves CD8+ T Cell Responses in Vaccination Against Unmodified Protein Antigen. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:231-240. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Melody A. Swartz
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Trevaskis NL, Kaminskas LM, Porter CJH. From sewer to saviour — targeting the lymphatic system to promote drug exposure and activity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:781-803. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Strategies to enhance, suppress, or qualitatively shape the immune response are of importance for diverse biomedical applications, such as the development of new vaccines, treatments for autoimmune diseases and allergies, strategies for regenerative medicine, and immunotherapies for cancer. However, the intricate cellular and molecular signals regulating the immune system are major hurdles to predictably manipulating the immune response and developing safe and effective therapies. To meet this challenge, biomaterials are being developed that control how, where, and when immune cells are stimulated in vivo, and that can finely control their differentiation in vitro. We review recent advances in the field of biomaterials for immunomodulation, focusing particularly on designing biomaterials to provide controlled immunostimulation, targeting drugs and vaccines to lymphoid organs, and serving as scaffolds to organize immune cells and emulate lymphoid tissues. These ongoing efforts highlight the many ways in which biomaterials can be brought to bear to engineer the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Hotaling
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Biological Engineering, and
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Biological Engineering, and
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815
| | - Julia E Babensee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and
- Center for Immunoengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
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