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Kale S, Phugare S, Sharma P, Goel SK, Gairola S. Method development and validation of unbound saccharide content (serogroup A, C, Y, W, X) in novel pentavalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with two different carrier proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115679. [PMID: 37660546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Exclusive DOC-HCl formulations were developed for free polysaccharide content estimation in Meningococcal serogroup A, C, Y, W and X from pentavalent meningococcal vaccine (A, C, Y, W, X). The DOC precipitation method reported herein stands as an alternative to the ultra-filtration method for free polysaccharide estimation. DOC content was optimized for all the serogroups at a single concentration, where as effective acid concentration was altered as per serogroup. Briefly, two DOC-HCl formulations were developed for intended purpose, one for TT conjugated serogroups Men A & Men X where as other for CRM conjugated serogroups Men C, Men Y and Men W with effective HCl concentration of 23 mM and 193 mM for precipitation of Protein-DOC complex respectively. Furthermore, an exclusive buffer/DOC-HCl formulation for estimation of Men X free polysaccharide in fill finished product was developed. Accuracy of the method was proven at 12.5 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 % of test specification where recoveries were found in the range of 70-130 %. In case of repeatability, intra assay variation ranged from 2 % to 7 % whereas inter assay variation was noted to be 2-14 %. Specificity studied revealed no interference of assay components such as sample excipients, DOC, acids. Critical quality and stability-indicating characteristics were measured. Monovalent polysaccharide standards of Men A, C, Y, W and X were developed and assigned the unitage concentration 1.01, 1.10, 1.09, 1.08 and 1.00 mg/mL respectively. Linearity curve was optimized from 0.17 to 27 µg/mL for Men A and C whereas from 0.33 to 27 µg/mL for Men Y and W considering free polysaccharide content estimation. The study suggests that DOC-HCl method meets all the criteria for free polysaccharide estimation in multivalent vaccines with additional advantages of high throughput and sized independent separation hence can be used for quality control testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Kale
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411028, India
| | | | - Pankaj Sharma
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411028, India
| | | | - Sunil Gairola
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411028, India.
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Vir Singh P, Tiberi P, Di Domenico GF, Romolini V, Mzolo T, Costantini M, Akhund T, Basile V, Lattanzi M, Pellegrini M. Fully Liquid MenACWY-CRM Vaccine: Results from an Integrated Safety Analysis. Drug Saf 2023; 46:99-108. [PMID: 36369456 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The currently licensed quadrivalent MenACWY-CRM conjugate vaccine presentation consists of two vials (lyophilized MenA and liquid MenCWY) to be reconstituted before injection. A new fully liquid, single-vial formulation has been developed to simplify administration and prevent reconstitution errors. We present pooled safety data from two randomized, controlled, observer-blind phase 2b clinical trials, in which the fully liquid presentation was compared with the licensed presentation. METHODS This is a post hoc analysis of two studies, in which safety data from participants aged 10-40 years who received one dose of either liquid MenACWY-CRM (1337 participants; MenACWY liquid group) or licensed MenACWY-CRM (1332 participants; MenACWY licensed group) were pooled. Frequencies were calculated for solicited adverse events (AEs) during 7 days post-vaccination and unsolicited AEs, including medically attended AEs and serious AEs (SAEs), during the 6-month safety follow-up period. Analysis results are presented by vaccine group, overall and by age category (10-17 and 18-40 years). RESULTS Overall, AEs solicited for collection during the first 7 days after vaccination were reported by similar percentages of participants (69.2%, MenACWY liquid; 68.2%, MenACWY licensed), and were generally mild/moderate in intensity. Solicited local AEs were reported by 46.0% of the MenACWY liquid group and 43.5% of the MenACWY licensed group and solicited systemic AEs by 55.2 and 54.1%, respectively. During the 6-month post-vaccination period, unsolicited AEs were reported by 32.2 and 31.2% of the MenACWY liquid group and MenACWY licensed group, respectively, and medically attended AEs by 18.6 and 17.3%, respectively. Overall, 14 participants in each group (1.0 and 1.1%, respectively) reported SAEs, none of which was considered vaccine-related by the investigator. The safety profiles of both MenACWY-CRM presentations were similar for each age group and overall. CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis shows the safety profile of fully liquid MenACWY-CRM is comparable with that of the currently licensed vaccine presentation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03652610 (August 29, 2018), NCT03433482 (14 February 2018).
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Arunachalam AB, Vile S, Rosas A. A Mouse Immunogenicity Model for the Evaluation of Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814088. [PMID: 35126397 PMCID: PMC8812382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of an appropriate animal model for use in the development of meningococcal vaccines has been a challenge as humans are the only natural host for Neisseria meningitidis. Small animal models have been developed and are widely used to study the efficacy or immunogenicity of vaccine formulations generated against various diseases. Here, we describe the development and optimization of a mouse model for assessing the immunogenicity of candidate tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide (MenACYW-TT) protein conjugate vaccines. Three inbred (BALB/c [H-2d], C3H/HeN [H-2k], or C57BL/6 [H-2b]) and one outbred (ICR [H-2g7]) mouse strains were assessed using serial two-fold dose dilutions (from 2 µg to 0.03125 µg per dose of polysaccharide for each serogroup) of candidate meningococcal conjugate vaccines. Groups of 10 mice received two doses of the candidate vaccine 14 days apart with serum samples obtained 14 days after the last dose for the evaluation of serogroup-specific anti-polysaccharide IgG by ELISA and bactericidal antibody by serum bactericidal assay (SBA). C3H/HeN and ICR mice had a more dose-dependent antibody response to all four serogroups than BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice. In general, ICR mice had the greatest antibody dose-response range (both anti-polysaccharide IgG and bactericidal antibodies) to all four serogroups and were chosen as the model of choice. The 0.25 µg per serogroup dose was chosen as optimal since this was in the dynamic range of the serogroup-specific dose-response curves in most of the mouse strains evaluated. We demonstrate that the optimized mouse immunogenicity model is sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between conjugated polysaccharides, against unconjugated free polysaccharides and, to degradation of the vaccine formulations. Following optimization, this optimized mouse immunogenicity model has been used to assess the impact of different conjugation chemistries on immunogenicity, and to screen and stratify various candidate meningococcal conjugate vaccines to identify those with the most desirable profile to progress to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B. Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Arun B. Arunachalam,
| | - Stacey Vile
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, United States
| | - Angel Rosas
- Sanofi Medical Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, United States
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Neyra C, Clénet D, Bright M, Kensinger R, Hauser S. Predictive modeling for assessing the long-term thermal stability of a new fully-liquid quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid conjugated vaccine. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121143. [PMID: 34600051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Establishing product stability is critical for pharmaceuticals. We used a modeling approach to predict the thermal stability of a fully-liquid quadrivalent meningococcal (serogroups A, C, W, Y) conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT; MenQuadfi®) at potential transportation and storage temperatures. Vaccine degradation was determined by measuring the rate of hydrolysis through an increase of free polysaccharide (de-conjugated or unconjugated polysaccharide) content during six months storage at 25 °C, 45 °C and 56 °C. A procedure combining advanced kinetics and statistics was used to screen and compare kinetic models describing observed free polysaccharide increase as a function of time and temperature for each serogroup. Statistical analyses were used to quantify prediction accuracy. A two-step kinetic model described the increase in free polysaccharide content for serogroup A; whereas, one-step kinetic models were found suitable to describe the other serogroups. The models were used to predict free polysaccharide increases for each serogroup during long-term storage under recommended conditions (2-8 °C), and during temperature excursions to 25 °C or 40 °C. In both cases, serogroup-specific simulations accurately predict the respective observed experimental data. Experimental data collected to 48 months at 5 °C were within 99% predictive bands. The models described here can be used with confidence to establish shelf-life for this fully-liquid quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine; as well as, monitor in real-time free polysaccharide increase for vaccines experiencing temperature excursions during shipment/storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Neyra
- Manufacturing Technology Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA.
| | - Didier Clénet
- Bioprocess R&D Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Marcia Bright
- Quality Control Stability, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA.
| | | | - Steven Hauser
- Manufacturing Technology Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA.
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Vandermeulen C, Leroux-Roels I, Vandeleur J, Staniscia T, Girard G, Ferguson M, Icardi G, Schwarz TF, Neville AM, Nolan T, Cinquetti S, Akhund T, Van Huyneghem S, Aggravi M, Kunnel B, de Wergifosse B, Domenico GFD, Costantini M, Vir Singh P, Fragapane E, Lattanzi M, Pellegrini M. A new fully liquid presentation of MenACWY-CRM conjugate vaccine: Results from a multicentre, randomised, controlled, observer-blind study. Vaccine 2021; 39:6628-6636. [PMID: 34635373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The currently licensed quadrivalent MenACWY-CRM conjugate vaccine presentation consists of two vials (lyophilised MenA and liquid MenCWY) to be reconstituted before injection. A new fully liquid formulation in a single vial has been developed to further improve the vaccine presentation. Since the MenA structure is subject to hydrolytic degradation, this study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the investigational MenACWY-CRM liquid vaccine with the licensed vaccine. METHODS In this multicentre, randomised, controlled, observer-blind, phase 2b study, 979 healthy adults were administered a single dose of MenACWY-CRM liquid presentation or the currently licensed MenACWY-CRM vaccine. MenA free saccharide generation was accelerated to approximately 30% in the liquid presentation and MenA polysaccharide O-acetylation was reduced to approximately 40%, according to a controlled procedure. Immunological non-inferiority of the MenACWY-CRM liquid to the licensed vaccine, as measured by human serum bactericidal assay (hSBA) geometric mean titres (GMTs) against MenA 1 month post-vaccination, was the primary study objective. Safety assessment was among the secondary objectives. RESULTS Immune responses against each serogroup were similar between the two vaccine groups and was non-inferior for MenA. Adjusted hSBA GMTs for MenA were 185.16 and 211.33 for the MenACWY-CRM liquid presentation and currently licensed vaccine presentation, respectively. The between-group ratio of hSBA GMTs for MenA was 0.88, with a two-sided 95% confidence interval lower limit of 0.64, greater than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 0.5, thus meeting the primary study objective. Both vaccines were well tolerated. No serious adverse events were considered related to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The levels of MenA free saccharide and polysaccharide O-acetylation did not affect the immunogenicity of the fully liquid presentation, which was demonstrated to be non-inferior to the immunogenicity of the currently licensed MenACWY-CRM vaccine against MenA. The immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety profiles of the two vaccine presentations were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Vandermeulen
- Leuven University Vaccinology Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, PO 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - James Vandeleur
- Paratus Clinical Blacktown Clinic, Main Street, Blacktown, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Tommaso Staniscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Ginette Girard
- Diex Research, 15 J.-A. Bombardier, Sherbrooke, Québec J1L 0H8, Canada.
| | - Murdo Ferguson
- Colchester Research Group, 68 Robie Street, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Department of Health Sciences (Dissal), University of Genoa, and Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Tino F Schwarz
- Klinikum Würzburg Mitte, Standort Juliusspital, Salvatorstr. 7, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - A Munro Neville
- AusTrials, Level 3, Westside Private Hospital, 32 Morrow St, Taringa, QLD 4068, Australia.
| | - Terry Nolan
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Sandro Cinquetti
- Public Health Department, Local Health Unit N. 2 'Marca Trevigiana', Treviso, Veneto Region, Italy.
| | - Tauseefullah Akhund
- GSK, Clinical Research and Development Centre, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Sofie Van Huyneghem
- GSK, Regional Evidence Generation, Avenue Pascal 2, 4, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.
| | - Marianna Aggravi
- GSK, Technical Development, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Barry Kunnel
- GSK, Data Strategy & Management, Global Clinical Operations Development - R&D, Hullenbergweg 83-85, 1101CL Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Marco Costantini
- GSK, Biostatistics and Statistical Programming, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Puneet Vir Singh
- GSK, Safety Evaluation and Risk Management, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Elena Fragapane
- GSK, Clinical Research and Development Centre, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Maria Lattanzi
- GSK, Clinical Research and Development Centre, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Michele Pellegrini
- GSK, Clinical Research and Development Centre, Via Fiorentina 1, Siena 53100, Italy.
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Díez-Domingo J, Tinoco JC, Poder A, Dinleyici EC, Nell H, Salamanca de la Cueva I, Ince T, Moreira ED, Ahmed K, Luz K, Kovshirina Y, Medina Pech CE, Akhund T, Romolini V, Costantini M, Mzolo T, Kunnel B, Lechevin I, Aggravi M, Tiberi P, Narendran K, García-Martínez JA, Basile V, Fragapane E, Lattanzi M, Pellegrini M. Immunological non-inferiority of a new fully liquid presentation of the MenACWY-CRM vaccine to the licensed vaccine: results from a randomized, controlled, observer-blind study in adolescents and young adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 18:1981085. [PMID: 34614379 PMCID: PMC8966988 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1981085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A fully liquid MenACWY-CRM vaccine presentation has been developed, modifying the meningococcal serogroup A (MenA) component from lyophilized to liquid. The safety and immunogenicity of the liquid presentation at the end of the intended shelf-life (aged for 24 or 30 months) were compared to the licensed lyophilized/liquid presentation. This multicenter, randomized (1:1), observer-blind, phase 2b study (NCT03433482) enrolled adolescents and young adults (age 10-40 years). In part 1, 844 participants received one dose of liquid presentation stored for approximately 24 months or licensed presentation. In part 2, 846 participants received one dose of liquid presentation stored for approximately 30 months or licensed presentation. After storage, the MenA free saccharide (FS) level was approximately 25% and O-acetylation was approximately 45%. The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of the liquid presentation to licensed presentation, as measured by human serum bactericidal assay (hSBA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) against MenA, 1-month post-vaccination. Immune responses against each vaccine serogroup were similar between groups. Between-group ratios of hSBA GMTs for MenA were 1.21 (part 1) and 1.11 (part 2), with two-sided 95% confidence interval lower limits (0.94 and 0.87, respectively) greater than the prespecified non-inferiority margin (0.5), thus meeting the primary study objective. No safety concerns were identified. Despite reduced O-acetylation of MenA and increased FS content, serogroup-specific immune responses induced by the fully liquid presentation were similar to those induced by the licensed MenACWY-CRM vaccine, with non-inferior anti-MenA responses. The safety profiles of the vaccine presentations were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Airi Poder
- Kliiniliste Uuringute Keskus, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Haylene Nell
- Tiervlei Trial Centre, Karl Bremer Hospital, Bellville, South Africa
| | | | - Tolga Ince
- Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Edson Duarte Moreira
- Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Khatija Ahmed
- Setshaba Research Centre, Tshwane, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kleber Luz
- Centro de Pesquisas Clinicas de Natal, Rio Grande do Norta, Brazil
| | - Yulia Kovshirina
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Barry Kunnel
- Data Strategy & Management, Global Clinical Operations Development - R&D, GSK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Paola Tiberi
- Safety Evaluation and Risk Management, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - K Narendran
- Global Clinical Operations, GSK, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Venere Basile
- Global Clinical Delivery, Global Clinical Operations Development, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Lattanzi
- Clinical Research and Development Centre, GSK, Siena, Italy
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de Souza IM, da Silva MN, Bastos RC, Pereira DDSG, Figueira ECS, Jessouroun E, Leal MDLM, Barreto-Bergter E, da Silveira IAFB. Development and Immunogenicity of a Brazilian Glycoconjugate vaccine against Meningococcal W in a Pilot Scale. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:539-549. [PMID: 34515909 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent changes in the epidemiology of meningococcal have been reported and meningococcal group W (MenW) has become the third most prevalent group isolated in Brazil in the last 10 years. In this study we have developed a conjugate vaccine for MenW using a modified reductive amination conjugation method through a covalent linkage between periodate-oxidized MenW non-O-acetylated polysaccharide and hydrazide-activated monomeric tetanus toxoid. Process control of bulks was done by physicochemical analysis including polysaccharide and protein quantification, high performance liquid chromatography - size exclusion chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance. Conjugate bulks were best produced with concentration of polysaccharide twice as high as protein, at room temperature, and pH approximately 6.0. A scaled-up bulk (100 mg scale) was formulated and inoculated intramuscularly in mice in a dose-response study (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 10.0 µg of polysaccharide/dose). The immunogenicity of conjugate bulks was determined by serum bactericidal assay and ELISA assays of serum from immunized mice. ELISA and SBA titers revealed high titers of IgG and demonstrated the functionality of the antibodies produced in all doses studied 15 days after the third dose. However, significant differences were observed among them by ELISA. In conclusion, this study established the best conditions to produce MenW conjugate bulks and showed the efficacy of the obtained conjugate bulk in induce a good immune response in mice. Further experiments will need to be done to scale up the conjugation reaction and then allow the use of this conjugate in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaralice Medeiros de Souza
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Bacteriana, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Bio-ManguinhosRio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Milton Neto da Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Bacteriana, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Bio-ManguinhosRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Chagas Bastos
- Laboratório de Macromoléculas, Bio-Manguinhos Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ellen Jessouroun
- Programa de Vacinas Bacterianas, Bio-Manguinhos Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Barreto-Bergter
- Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bolgiano B, Moran E, Beresford NJ, Gao F, Care R, Desai T, Nordgren IK, Rudd TR, Feavers IM, Bore P, Patni S, Gavade V, Mallya A, Kale S, Sharma P, Goel SK, Gairola S, Hattarki S, Avalaskar N, Sarma AD, LaForce M, Ravenscroft N, Khandke L, Alderson MR, Dhere RM, Pisal SS. Evaluation of Critical Quality Attributes of a Pentavalent (A, C, Y, W, X) Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Global Use. Pathogens 2021; 10:928. [PMID: 34451392 PMCID: PMC8400332 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Towards achieving the goal of eliminating epidemic outbreaks of meningococcal disease in the African meningitis belt, a pentavalent glycoconjugate vaccine (NmCV-5) has been developed to protect against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, W and X. MenA and X polysaccharides are conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) while MenC, Y and W polysaccharides are conjugated to recombinant cross reactive material 197 (rCRM197), a non-toxic genetic variant of diphtheria toxin. This study describes quality control testing performed by the manufacturer, Serum Institute of India Private Limited (SIIPL), and the independent control laboratory of the U.K. (NIBSC) on seven clinical lots of the vaccine to ensure its potency, purity, safety and consistency of its manufacturing. In addition to monitoring upstream-manufactured components, samples of drug substance, final drug product and stability samples were evaluated. This paper focuses on the comparison of the vaccine's critical quality attributes and reviews key indicators of its stability and immunogenicity. Comparable results were obtained by the two laboratories demonstrating sufficient levels of polysaccharide O-acetylation, consistency in size of the bulk conjugate molecules, integrity of the conjugated saccharides in the drug substance and drug product, and acceptable endotoxin content in the final drug product. The freeze-dried vaccine in 5-dose vials was stable based on molecular sizing and free saccharide assays. Lot-to-lot manufacturing consistency was also demonstrated in preclinical studies for polysaccharide-specific IgG and complement-dependent serum bactericidal activity for each serogroup. This study demonstrates the high quality and stability of NmCV-5, which is now undergoing Phase 3 clinical trials in Africa and India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bolgiano
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Eilís Moran
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Nicola J. Beresford
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Fang Gao
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Rory Care
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Trusha Desai
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Ida Karin Nordgren
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Timothy R. Rudd
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Ian M. Feavers
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK; (E.M.); (N.J.B.); (F.G.); (R.C.); (T.D.); (I.K.N.); (T.R.R.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Prashant Bore
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sushil Patni
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Vinay Gavade
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Asha Mallya
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sameer Kale
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sunil K. Goel
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sunil Gairola
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Suhas Hattarki
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Nikhil Avalaskar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Annamraju D. Sarma
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Marc LaForce
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa;
| | - Lakshmi Khandke
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (L.K.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Mark R. Alderson
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121, USA; (L.K.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Rajeev M. Dhere
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sambhaji S. Pisal
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Hadapsar, Pune 411028, India; (P.B.); (S.P.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (S.K.G.); (S.G.); (S.H.); (N.A.); (A.D.S.); (M.L.); (R.M.D.); (S.S.P.)
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9
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Findlow J, Lucidarme J, Taha MK, Burman C, Balmer P. Correlates of protection for meningococcal surface protein vaccines: lessons from the past. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 21:739-751. [PMID: 34287103 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1940144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recombinant surface protein meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) vaccines are available but with different antigen compositions, leading to differences between vaccines in their immunogenicity and likely breadth of coverage. The serology and breadth of coverage assessment for MenB vaccines are multifaceted areas, and a comprehensive understanding of these complexities is required to appropriately compare licensed vaccines and those under development. AREAS COVERED In the first of two companion papers that comprehensively review the serology and breadth of coverage assessment for MenB vaccines, the history of early meningococcal vaccines is considered in this narrative review to identify transferable lessons applicable to the currently licensed MenB vaccines and those under development, as well as their serology. EXPERT OPINION Understanding correlates of protection and the breadth of coverage assessment for meningococcal surface protein vaccines is significantly more complex than that for capsular polysaccharide vaccines. Determination and understanding of the breadth of coverage of surface protein vaccines are clinically important and unique to each vaccine formulation. It is essential to estimate the proportion of MenB cases that are preventable by a specific vaccine to assess its overall potential impact and to compare the benefits and limitations of different vaccines in preventing invasive meningococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Findlow
- Vaccine Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Ltd, Tadworth, UK
| | - Jay Lucidarme
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, Public Health England, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Cynthia Burman
- Vaccine Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Paul Balmer
- Vaccine Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
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10
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Bazhenova A, Gao F, Bolgiano B, Harding SE. Glycoconjugate vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovars and Shigella species: existing and emerging methods for their analysis. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:221-246. [PMID: 33868505 PMCID: PMC8035613 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of enteric disease, the increasingly limited options for antimicrobial treatment and the need for effective eradication programs have resulted in an increased demand for glycoconjugate enteric vaccines, made with carbohydrate-based membrane components of the pathogen, and their precise characterisation. A set of physico-chemical and immunological tests are employed for complete vaccine characterisation and to ensure their consistency, potency, safety and stability, following the relevant World Health Organization and Pharmacopoeia guidelines. Variable requirements for analytical methods are linked to conjugate structure, carrier protein nature and size and O-acetyl content of polysaccharide. We investigated a key stability-indicating method which measures the percent free saccharide of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi capsular polysaccharide, by detergent precipitation, depolymerisation and HPAEC-PAD quantitation. Together with modern computational approaches, a more precise design of glycoconjugates is possible, allowing for improvements in solubility, structural conformation and stability, and immunogenicity of antigens, which may be applicable to a broad spectrum of vaccines. More validation experiments are required to establish the most effective and suitable methods for glycoconjugate analysis to bring uniformity to the existing protocols, although the need for product-specific approaches will apply, especially for the more complex vaccines. An overview of current and emerging analytical approaches for the characterisation of vaccines against Salmonella Typhi and Shigella species is described in this paper. This study should aid the development and licensing of new glycoconjugate vaccines aimed at the prevention of enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bazhenova
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Fang Gao
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG UK
| | - Barbara Bolgiano
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG UK
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
- Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Postboks 6762 St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Zhao J, Hu G, Huang Y, Huang Y, Wei X, Shi J. Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine: A kind of vaccine with great development potential. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Stark JC, Jaroentomeechai T, Moeller TD, Hershewe JM, Warfel KF, Moricz BS, Martini AM, Dubner RS, Hsu KJ, Stevenson TC, Jones BD, DeLisa MP, Jewett MC. On-demand biomanufacturing of protective conjugate vaccines. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabe9444. [PMID: 33536221 PMCID: PMC7857678 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Conjugate vaccines are among the most effective methods for preventing bacterial infections. However, existing manufacturing approaches limit access to conjugate vaccines due to centralized production and cold chain distribution requirements. To address these limitations, we developed a modular technology for in vitro conjugate vaccine expression (iVAX) in portable, freeze-dried lysates from detoxified, nonpathogenic Escherichia coli. Upon rehydration, iVAX reactions synthesize clinically relevant doses of conjugate vaccines against diverse bacterial pathogens in 1 hour. We show that iVAX-synthesized vaccines against Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) strain Schu S4 protected mice from lethal intranasal F. tularensis challenge. The iVAX platform promises to accelerate development of new conjugate vaccines with increased access through refrigeration-independent distribution and portable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Stark
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
| | - Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tyler D Moeller
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jasmine M Hershewe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
| | - Katherine F Warfel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
| | - Bridget S Moricz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd 3-403 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Anthony M Martini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd 3-403 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rachel S Dubner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive Hogan Hall 2144, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA
| | - Karen J Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute B224, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
| | - Taylor C Stevenson
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Bradley D Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd 3-403 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, 431 Newton Rd, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA.
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3120, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair St, Suite 1200, Chicago, IL 60611-3068, USA
- Simpson-Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St, Suite 11-131 Chicago, IL 60611-2875, USA
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Gao F, Beresford N, Lockyer K, Burkin K, Rigsby P, Bolgiano B. Saccharide dosage content of meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines determined using WHO International Standards for serogroup A, C, W, Y and X polysaccharides. Biologicals 2021; 70:53-58. [PMID: 33518432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potency of meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines relies on the polysaccharide content to prevent meningitis. NIBSC, as the official national control laboratory in UK, analysed ten different mono- and multi-meningococcal conjugate vaccines, using established International Standards for meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, Y and X, by resorcinol or HPAEC-PAD assay. Most saccharide contents were within ±20% of their claimed content for licensure with taking different O-acetylation levels into consideration, with only MenC content in two vaccines below (by 60% and 54%) the labelled value, however, previous study showed different dosage was not necessarily correlated to the immunogenicity of those vaccines. This study demonstrated the use of International Standards to quantify saccharide content in polysaccharide-based vaccines with different percentage of O-acetylation. These International Standards are suitable to serve as either quantitative standard or calibrator of in-house standards, with supplied stability data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Nicola Beresford
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Kay Lockyer
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Karena Burkin
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Peter Rigsby
- Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Barbara Bolgiano
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
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Fiebig T, Cramer JT, Bethe A, Baruch P, Curth U, Führing JI, Buettner FFR, Vogel U, Schubert M, Fedorov R, Mühlenhoff M. Structural and mechanistic basis of capsule O-acetylation in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4723. [PMID: 32948778 PMCID: PMC7501274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-Acetylation of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (NmA) is critical for the induction of functional immune responses, making this modification mandatory for CPS-based anti-NmA vaccines. Using comprehensive NMR studies, we demonstrate that O-acetylation stabilizes the labile anomeric phosphodiester-linkages of the NmA-CPS and occurs in position C3 and C4 of the N-acetylmannosamine units due to enzymatic transfer and non-enzymatic ester migration, respectively. To shed light on the enzymatic transfer mechanism, we solved the crystal structure of the capsule O-acetyltransferase CsaC in its apo and acceptor-bound form and of the CsaC-H228A mutant as trapped acetyl-enzyme adduct in complex with CoA. Together with the results of a comprehensive mutagenesis study, the reported structures explain the strict regioselectivity of CsaC and provide insight into the catalytic mechanism, which relies on an unexpected Gln-extension of a classical Ser-His-Asp triad, embedded in an α/β-hydrolase fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Fiebig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Andrea Bethe
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Baruch
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Curth
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana I Führing
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roman Fedorov
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Mühlenhoff
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Krone M, Gray S, Abad R, Skoczyńska A, Stefanelli P, van der Ende A, Tzanakaki G, Mölling P, João Simões M, Křížová P, Emonet S, Caugant DA, Toropainen M, Vazquez J, Waśko I, Knol MJ, Jacobsson S, Rodrigues Bettencourt C, Musilek M, Born R, Vogel U, Borrow R. Increase of invasive meningococcal serogroup W disease in Europe, 2013 to 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30968827 PMCID: PMC6462787 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.14.1800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe total incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Europe has been declining in recent years; however, a rising incidence due to serogroup W (MenW), predominantly sequence type 11 (ST-11), clonal complex 11 (cc11), was reported in some European countries.AimThe aim of this study was to compile the most recent laboratory surveillance data on MenW IMD from several European countries to assess recent trends in Europe.MethodsIn this observational, retrospective study, IMD surveillance data collected from 2013-17 by national reference laboratories and surveillance units from 13 European countries were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe overall incidence of IMD has been stable during the study period. Incidence of MenW IMD per 100,000 population (2013: 0.03; 2014: 0.05; 2015: 0.08; 2016: 0.11; 2017: 0.11) and the proportion of this serogroup among all invasive cases (2013: 5% (116/2,216); 2014: 9% (161/1,761); 2015: 13% (271/2,074); 2016: 17% (388/2,222); 2017: 19% (393/2,112)) continuously increased. The most affected countries were England, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Sweden. MenW was more frequent in older age groups (≥ 45 years), while the proportion in children (< 15 years) was lower than in other age groups. Of the culture-confirmed MenW IMD cases, 80% (615/767) were caused by hypervirulent cc11.ConclusionDuring the years 2013-17, an increase in MenW IMD, mainly caused by MenW cc11, was observed in the majority of European countries. Given the unpredictable nature of meningococcal spread and the epidemiological potential of cc11, European countries may consider preventive strategies adapted to their contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Krone
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steve Gray
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Abad
- Spanish Reference Laboratory for Meningococci, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Skoczyńska
- National Reference Centre for Bacterial Meningitis, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Arie van der Ende
- The Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georgina Tzanakaki
- National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Paula Mölling
- National Reference Laboratory for Neisseria meningitidis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria João Simões
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pavla Křížová
- National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcal Infections, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stéphane Emonet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique A Caugant
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maija Toropainen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julio Vazquez
- Spanish Reference Laboratory for Meningococci, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Izabela Waśko
- National Reference Centre for Bacterial Meningitis, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirjam J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Jacobsson
- National Reference Laboratory for Neisseria meningitidis, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Musilek
- National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcal Infections, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rita Born
- Division of Communicable Diseases, Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ray Borrow
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, Public Health England, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Parikh SR, Campbell H, Bettinger JA, Harrison LH, Marshall HS, Martinon-Torres F, Safadi MA, Shao Z, Zhu B, von Gottberg A, Borrow R, Ramsay ME, Ladhani SN. The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination. J Infect 2020; 81:483-498. [PMID: 32504737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and septicaemia worldwide and is associated with high case fatality rates and serious life-long complications among survivors. Twelve serogroups are recognised, of which six (A, B, C, W, X and Y) are responsible for nearly all cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The incidence of IMD and responsible serogroups vary widely both geographically and over time. For the first time, effective vaccines against all these serogroups are available or nearing licensure. Over the past two decades, IMD incidence has been declining across most parts of the world through a combination of successful meningococcal immunisation programmes and secular trends. The introduction of meningococcal C conjugate vaccines in the early 2000s was associated with rapid declines in meningococcal C disease, whilst implementation of a meningococcal A conjugate vaccine across the African meningitis belt led to near-elimination of meningococcal A disease. Consequently, other serogroups have become more important causes of IMD. In particular, the emergence of a hypervirulent meningococcal group W clone has led many countries to shift from monovalent meningococcal C to quadrivalent ACWY conjugate vaccines in their national immunisation programmes. Additionally, the recent licensure of two protein-based, broad-spectrum meningococcal B vaccines finally provides protection against the most common group responsible for childhood IMD across Europe and Australia. This review describes global IMD epidemiology across each continent and trends over time, the serogroups responsible for IMD, the impact of meningococcal immunisation programmes and future needs to eliminate this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydel R Parikh
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| | - Helen Campbell
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| | - Julie A Bettinger
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lee H Harrison
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helen S Marshall
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Galicia, Spain
| | - Marco Aurelio Safadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhujun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ray Borrow
- Meningococcal Reference Unit, Public Health England, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E Ramsay
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK
| | - Shamez N Ladhani
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, UK; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group (PIDRG), St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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17
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Moriconi A, Onnis V, Aggravi M, Parlati C, Bufali S, Cianetti S, Egan W, Khan A, Fragapane E, Meppen M, Paludi M, Berti F. A new strategy for preparing a tailored meningococcal ACWY conjugate vaccine for clinical testing. Vaccine 2020; 38:3930-3933. [PMID: 32299720 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amin Khan
- Technical R&D, GSK Vaccines, Siena, Italy
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18
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Qian W, Huang Z, Chen Y, Yang J, Wang L, Wu K, Chen M, Chen N, Duan Y, Shi J, Zhang Y, Li Q. Elicitation of integrated immunity in mice by a novel pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine conjugated with HBV surface antigen. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6470. [PMID: 32286332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of polysaccharides with an effective carrier protein is critical for the development of effective bacterial polysaccharide vaccines. Therefore, the identification and optimization of carrier proteins to induce an effective immune response is necessary for developing a combined vaccine. In the current study, we utilized hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) as a novel carrier protein combined with a capsular polysaccharide molecule to develop a new pneumococcal conjugated vaccine. The specific antibodies and T cell immune response against the capsular polysaccharide and HBsAg in the mice immunized with this conjugated vaccine were evaluated. In addition, the unique gene profiles of immune cells induced by this conjugated vaccine in the immunized mice were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that the vaccine consisting of pneumonia type 33 F capsular polysaccharide (Pn33Fps) conjugated with HBsAg can induce strong specific immune responses against both antigens in vivo in immunized mice. Furthermore, the conjugated vaccine induced higher expression of genes related to the activation of immunity and higher antibody titers against Pn33Fps and HBsAg in mice than those obtained via vaccination with a single antigen. Analyses of the dynamic expression changes in immunity-related genes in mice immunized with Pn33Fps_HBs, Pn33Fps, or HBsAg indicated the potent immunogenicity of the conjugated vaccine. In addition, a pathological evaluation of the organs from immunized mice further suggested that the conjugated vaccine is safe. Together, these results indicate that a conjugated vaccine consisting of Pn33Fps with HBsAg is a novel and effective vaccine.
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19
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Chang LJ, Hedrick J, Christensen S, Pan J, Jordanov E, Dhingra MS. A Phase II, randomized, immunogenicity and safety study of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenACYW-TT, in healthy adolescents in the United States. Vaccine 2020; 38:3560-3569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Lockyer K, Gao F, Francis RJ, Eastwood D, Khatri B, Stebbings R, Derrick JP, Bolgiano B. Higher mass meningococcal group C-tetanus toxoid vaccines conjugated with carbodiimide correlate with greater immunogenicity. Vaccine 2020; 38:2859-2869. [PMID: 32089463 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To examine the link between meningococcal C (MenC) vaccine size and immunogenic response, a panel of MenC glycoconjugate vaccines were prepared differing in chain length, molar mass and hydrodynamic volume. The preparations consisted of different lengths of MenC polysaccharide (PS) covalently linked to monomeric purified tetanus toxoid (TT) carrier protein using the coupling reagent ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and viscometry analysis confirmed that the panel of MenC-TT conjugates spanned masses of 191,500 to 2,348,000 g/mol, and hydrodynamic radii ranging from 12.1 to 47.9 nm. The two largest conjugates were elliptical in shape, whereas the two smallest conjugates were more spherical. The larger conjugates appeared to fit a model described by multiple TTs with cross-linked PS, typical of lattice-like networks described previously for TT conjugates, while the smaller conjugates were found to fit a monomeric or dimeric TT configuration. The effect of vaccine conjugate size on immune responses was determined using a two-dose murine immunization. The two larger panel vaccine conjugates produced higher anti-MenC IgG1 and IgG2b titres after the second dose. Larger vaccine conjugate size also stimulated greater T-cell proliferative responses in an in vitro recall assay, although cytokines indicative of a T-helper response were not measurable. In conclusion, larger MenC-TT conjugates up to 2,348,000 g/mol produced by EDC chemistry correlate with greater humoral and cellular murine immune responses. These observations suggest that conjugate size can be an important modulator of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Lockyer
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Fang Gao
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Robert J Francis
- Division of Analytical Biological Services, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - David Eastwood
- Division of Biotherapeutics, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Bhagwati Khatri
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Richard Stebbings
- Division of Biotherapeutics, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Barbara Bolgiano
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
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21
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Abstract
Many important vaccines use bacterial capsular polysaccharides, or shorter polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, derived from the capsular polysaccharides, conjugated to protein. It is imperative that manufacturers understand the carbohydrate composition of these vaccines and deliver a product with a consistent polysaccharide or polysaccharide conjugate composition and content. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD) is a major technique used to understand the carbohydrate composition of these vaccines and ensure product quality. HPAE-PAD separates and detects carbohydrates without analyte derivatization. This paper describes the basics of the HPAE-PAD technique and then reviews how it has been applied to Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal, meningococcal, group B streptococcal, and Salmonella polysaccharide and corresponding conjugate vaccines.
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22
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Hassan WS, Giaretta PR, Rech R, Ollivault-Shiflett M, Esteve-Gasent MD. Enhanced protective efficacy of Borrelia burgdorferi BB0172 derived-peptide based vaccine to control Lyme disease. Vaccine 2019; 37:5596-606. [PMID: 31387750 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) accounts for over 70% of tick-borne disease reported in the United States. The disease in humans is characterized by skin rash, arthritis, cardiac and neurological signs. Vaccination is the most efficient preventive measure that could be taken to reduce the incidence of the LD worldwide; however, at present no vaccine is available. In this study, evaluation of the Borrelia burgdorferi BB0172-derived peptide (PepB) in conjugated formulations was investigated as a vaccine candidate in murine model of LD. In brief, PepB was conjugated to the Cross-Reacting Material 197 (CRM197) and to Tetanus Toxoid heavy chain (TTHc) molecules, and subsequently used to immunize C3H/HeN mice. Following the challenge with 105 spirochetes/mouse via subcutaneous inoculation, TTHc:PepB construct showed protection in 66% of the immunized animals. Hence, to further evaluate the efficacy of TTHc:PepB, immunized mice were challenged with B. burgdorferi using the tick model of infection. The outcome of this experiment revealed that serum from TTHc:PepB immunized mice was borrelicidal. After tick infection, bacterial burden was significantly reduced (over 70%) in vaccinated animals when compared with the control groups regardless of whether the mice were infested 8 or 12-weeks post-priming. Therefore, we conclude that PepB conjugated antigens can serve as an alternative to prevent LD; nevertheless, further studies will be needed to dissect the mechanisms by which anti-PepB IgG antibodies are able to kill B. burgdorferi in vitro and in vivo to further advance in the development of formulations and delivery alternative to generate a safe anti-LD vaccine.
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23
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Sharma N, Hanif S, Rana R, Upadhyay D, Chhikara MK. Evaluation of impact of temperature and pH alterations on the size and antigenicity of meningococcal serogroup A and X polysaccharides and conjugates. Vaccine 2019; 37:965-72. [PMID: 30651197 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The changes in the recommended storage conditions of the glycoconjugate vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis (Men) serogroup A and serogroup X can affect its activity or potency. Elevated temperature and the change in pH may result in the physical instability leading to the size degradation of the polysaccharide (PS) and subsequent loss of PS epitopes. Moreover, high temperature may also result in protein aggregation and altered tertiary structure of the protein in the conjugate. Consequently, the construction of a potent glycoconjugate is dependent on optimal temperature and pH. The changes in both these conditions can also affect the production of a capsular polysaccharide (PS) and its conjugation to a protein carrier and may also affect the integrity of the vaccine molecule including the maintenance of the protective epitopes. In our study we have used inhibition ELISA as a tool to assess the impact of temperature and pH alterations on the antigenicity of N. meningitidis serogroup A and X, PS and conjugates and their correlation with the size distribution analysis using high pressure size exclusion chromatography. The studies on pH alterations from 5 to 9 led to minimal impact on size and antigenicity of all antigens, however, an elevated temperature adversely impacted the antigen size as well as antigenicity to varying extent. Results indicate the higher stability of MenX PS and conjugate as compared to that for MenA counterparts at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, both the MenA and MenX conjugates appears to be more stable as compared to the corresponding PSs.
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24
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Rhodes SJ, Guedj J, Fletcher HA, Lindenstrøm T, Scriba TJ, Evans TG, Knight GM, White RG. Using vaccine Immunostimulation/Immunodynamic modelling methods to inform vaccine dose decision-making. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:36. [PMID: 30245860 PMCID: PMC6141590 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-018-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike drug dose optimisation, mathematical modelling has not been applied to vaccine dose finding. We applied a novel Immunostimulation/Immunodynamic mathematical modelling framework to translate multi-dose TB vaccine immune responses from mice, to predict most immunogenic dose in humans. Data were previously collected on IFN-γ secreting CD4+ T cells over time for novel TB vaccines H56 and H1 adjuvanted with IC31 in mice (1 dose groups (0.1-1.5 and 15 μg H56 + IC31), 45 mice) and humans (1 dose (50 μg H56/H1 + IC31), 18 humans). A two-compartment mathematical model, describing the dynamics of the post-vaccination IFN-γ T cell response, was fitted to mouse and human data, separately, using nonlinear mixed effects methods. We used these fitted models and a vaccine dose allometric scaling assumption, to predict the most immunogenic human dose. Based on the changes in model parameters by mouse H56 + IC31 dose and by varying the H56 dose allometric scaling factor between mouse and humans, we established that, at a late time point (224 days) doses of 0.8-8 μg H56 + IC31 in humans may be the most immunogenic. A 0.8-8 μg of H-series TB vaccines in humans, may be as, or more, immunogenic, as larger doses. The Immunostimulation/Immunodynamic mathematical modelling framework is a novel, and potentially revolutionary tool, to predict most immunogenic vaccine doses, and accelerate vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J. Rhodes
- TB Modelling Group, CMMID, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jeremie Guedj
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Helen A. Fletcher
- Immunology and Infection Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Gwenan M. Knight
- TB Modelling Group, CMMID, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard G. White
- TB Modelling Group, CMMID, TB Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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25
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Yu H, An Y, Battistel MD, Cipollo JF, Freedberg DI. Improving Analytical Characterization of Glycoconjugate Vaccines through Combined High-Resolution MS and NMR: Application to Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Oligosaccharide-Peptide Glycoconjugates. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5040-5047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yanming An
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Marcos D. Battistel
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - John F. Cipollo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Darón I. Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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