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Yang CS, Yang CY, Ayanniyi OO, Chen YQ, Lu ZX, Zhang JY, Liu LY, Hong YH, Cheng RR, Zhang X, Zong QQ, Zhao HX, Xu QM. Development and application of an indirect ELISA to detect antibodies to Neospora caninum in cattle based on a chimeric protein rSRS2-SAG1-GRA7. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1028677. [PMID: 36590802 PMCID: PMC9797966 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1028677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an important apicomplexan parasite causing neosporosis in cattle. The disease is recognized as one of the most important cause of reproductive problems and abortion in cattle worldwide. In this context, we developed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with chimeric protein rSRS2-SAG1-GRA7 to diagnose antibodies to Neospora-infection. This indirect ELISA was compared to indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and western blotting (WB), and the sensitivity and specificity results of ELISA were calculated to be 86.7 and 96.1%, respectively. The overall coincidence rate was 92.6% using IFAT and WB. Additionally, 329 aborting dairy cattle serum samples were tested using this ELISA to evaluate the prevalence of N. caninum in Ningxia, China. The positive rate of N. caninum in these farms was from 19.05 to 57.89%, and the mean rate was 41.64% (±11.01%), indicating that infection with N. caninum may be one of the important causes of cattle abortion in this region. This established rSRS2-SAG1-GRA7 indirect ELISA is capable for detecting the antibodies against N. caninum, and it could be a useful screening tool for monitoring the epidemiology of neosporosis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Shan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuan-Yin Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Olalekan-Opeyemi Ayanniyi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Qian Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen-Xiao Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Yi Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lu-Yao Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Hang Hong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong-Rong Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qin-Qin Zong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Xi Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China,*Correspondence: Hong-Xi Zhao
| | - Qian-Ming Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Qian-Ming Xu
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Dos Santos EO, Klain VF, Manrique SB, Roman IJ, Dos Santos HF, Sangioni LA, Vogel FSF, Reck J, Webster A, Padilha TC, de Almeida MAB, Dos Santos E, Born LC, Botton SA. The Influence of Landscape Structure on the Occurrence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis spp. in Free-Living Neotropical Primates. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1680-1696. [PMID: 36178615 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Habitat fragmentation is the main threat to primate survival in the world. Additionally, changes in the environments in which they live can also contribute to exposure to pathogens. To investigate some pathogens that free-living primates may be exposed to in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS; southern Brazil) and characterize the forest remnants in which they live, we investigated anti-Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis spp. antibodies in the serum of the animals. METHODS We analyzed 105 serum samples from 63 black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya), 39 southern brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans), and 03 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus cucullatus), which were captured in forest fragments of RS. Indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) were used to detect antibodies to the agents. We then characterized the landscapes in a multiscale approach in radii from 200 to 1400 m to investigate the relationship of the presence of the agents with landscape elements. RESULTS In the IFAT-IgG, 13.3% (14/105) of the samples were seropositive for N. caninum, 4.8% (5/105) for T. gondii, and 5.7% (6/105) for Sarcocystis spp. In the IHA-IgM/IgG, 24.8% (26/105) were seropositive for T. gondii. The metrics that best explained exposure to agents were edge and patch density, forest cover, urban cover, and average Euclidean distance to the nearest patch. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the primates were exposed to the agents studied, demonstrating that some landscape features are associated with exposures to the investigated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisandro O Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Roraima 1000, Prédio 63C, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius F Klain
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida da Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Rio Grande Do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Sebastián B Manrique
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida da Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Rio Grande Do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Isac Junior Roman
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Roraima 1000, Prédio 63C, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Helton F Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos E Pesquisas Em Animais Silvestres, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Laboratório Central de Diagnóstico de Patologias Aviárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Prédio 63C, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Antônio Sangioni
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Roraima 1000, Prédio 63C, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S F Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Roraima 1000, Prédio 63C, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - José Reck
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Do Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Estrada Do Conde, 6000 - Sans Souci, Eldorado Do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Anelise Webster
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Do Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Estrada Do Conde, 6000 - Sans Souci, Eldorado Do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Thamiris C Padilha
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Do Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado Do Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, Estrada Do Conde, 6000 - Sans Souci, Eldorado Do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio B de Almeida
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental Em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância Em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 5400 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90450-190, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental Em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância Em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 5400 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90450-190, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Born
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental Em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância Em Saúde, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul. Av. Ipiranga, 5400 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90450-190, Brazil
| | - Sônia A Botton
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Roraima 1000, Prédio 63C, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum Infection in Dog Population Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:273-290. [PMID: 31919799 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan protozoan that causes neurological disorders in dogs. This systematic review and meta-analysis targeted at evaluating the worldwide seroprevalence rate of N. caninum in dogs. METHODS Five electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, until December 2018 were thoroughly searched for relevant English language articles. Papers were selected based on inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed in StatsDirect statistical software (version 2.7.9). RESULTS The searching process yielded a total number of 156 papers. The total prevalence (95% confidence intervals) of N. caninum infection in dog population worldwide was measured as 17.14% in data analyses (15.25-19.10). In addition, a significant association was also detected between neosporosis infection in dogs and continent, country, year, WHO regions, sample size and diagnostic method (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dogs are a matter of concern to public health officials as a source of N. caninum infection. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to provide comprehensive data and systematically analyze the prevalence of N. caninum infection in dogs. Accordingly, it is recommended that researchers carry out further studies to prevent and control neosporosis among dog population worldwide.
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Pinto-Ferreira F, Pasquali AKS, Thomaz-Soccol V, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Caldart ET, Leandro ADS, Chiyo L, Pozzolo EM, Cubas P, Giordano LGP, Petterle RR, Navarro IT. Epidemiological relevance of dogs for the prevention of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leptospira spp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 28:383-394. [PMID: 31390432 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leptospira spp. in dogs from Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was used to detect antibodies anti-T.gondii and anti-N. caninum. Immunoenzymatic assay and microscopic serum agglutination were used for screening antibodies anti-T.gondii and anti-Leptospira spp., respectively. The results were: 67.02% of the samples reactive for T.gondii and 1.38% for N. caninum, both without statistically significant variables. For Leptospira spp. the results indicated seroprevalence of 23.11%. The analysis of the variables without distinction of serovar showed association for intrinsic characteristics as breed, age, nutritional status and dog category. The extrinsic variables as city region and access to the street presented association (p<0.05). The most prevalent serovars were: Canicola 59.47%; Bratislava 13.07% and Butembo 15.68%. Variables that make up the adjusted multiple analysis model using Leptospira spp. were: age, breed and nutritional status; serovar Canicola, sex, nutritional status and area (p<0.05); serovar Bratislava, lymphadenomegaly and presence of fleas (p<0.05). Given the results obtained, dogs can be used as sentinels for toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in Foz do Iguaçu and other cities with similar outcomes. In addition, preventive measures should be taken by health authorities because they are zoonoses and humans are also at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Chiyo
- Prefeitura de Foz do Iguaçu, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil
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Gao X, Wang H. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs in rural northeastern mainland China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:32. [PMID: 31145075 PMCID: PMC6542294 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Although Neospora caninum is an important veterinary pathogen, veterinarians in various areas including in Mainland China lack a full understanding of neosporosis distribution in dog populations. This study aims to determine the emergence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in canine populations classified based on breeders, herdsmen, and huntsmen in northeast mainland China. In addition, the risk factors associated with seropositivity were explored. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) was performed on canine serum to determine seroprevalence. Logistic regression models were used to collect and analyze individual and management data, in order to determine high-reliability predictors of seroprevalence as well as the level of anti-N. caninum antibodies. Among the 476 dogs tested, 95 (20%) were seropositive. Mixed breed (OR 1.53), former strays (OR 1.38), dogs living on cattle farms (OR 2.30), hunting dogs (OR 1.22) as well as raw meat feeding (OR 1.66) were correlated (p < 0.05) with N. caninum infection. Interestingly, the seropositivity of dogs on cattle farms was higher (28%) than that of those (24.8%) living in breeding facilities (p < 0.05). A large number of seropositive dogs were found on cattle farms in the study region, suggesting horizontal transmission between dogs and cattle. Therefore, this source of infection should be studied further, and should be a strong consideration in differential diagnoses of dogs raised on cattle farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang, PR China
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Snak A, Garcia FG, Lara AA, Pena HFJ, Osaki SC. Neospora caninum in properties in the west region of Paraná, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:52-60. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612018001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Neospora caninum is a heteroxenous protozoa, whose definitive hosts are canids and intermediate hosts are herbivores, and is of great importance in cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of N. caninum in dairy cattle and dogs, to detect the presence of the protozoa at the molecular level in aborted fetuses, and to identify the risk factors associated with infection in properties in the western region of the state of Paraná. For this study, 600 bovine serum samples from 60 properties, 163 canine serum samples from 52 properties and 17 bovine fetuses from nine properties were collected. Data were collected using an epidemiological questionnaire to verify the risk factors. Serum samples were analyzed using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Fetal tissues were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and subsequent DNA sequencing. Of the bovine samples, 23.67% were positive for N. caninum. Among the canine samples, 11.66% were positive for N. caninum. Risk factors in cattle were history of abortion, low milk production, extensive breeding, and Jersey breed (p<0.05). Protozoan DNA was detected in 52.94% of the 17 fetuses and the sequencing presented high similarity with N. caninum.
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Cerqueira-Cézar CK, Calero-Bernal R, Dubey JP, Gennari SM. All about neosporosis in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:253-279. [PMID: 28876360 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is protozoan parasite with domestic and wild dogs, coyotes and grey wolves as the definitive hosts and many warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. It was cultivated and named in 1988. Neosporosis is a major disease of cattle and has no public health significance. Since 1990's N. caninum has emerged as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, including in Brazil. N. caninum also causes clinical infections in several other animal species. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the biology of N. caninum and there are more than 200 papers on this subject from Brazil. However, most of the reports on neosporosis from Brazil are serological surveys. Overall, little is known of clinical neosporosis in Brazil, particularly cattle. The few reports pertain to sporadic cases of abortion with no information on epidemics or storms of abortion. The objective of the present review is to summarize all reports from Brazil and suggest topic for further research, including prevalence of N. caninum oocysts in soil or in canine feces, and determining if there are additional definitive hosts, other than the domestic dog. There is need for a national survey in cattle using defined parameters. Future researches should focus on molecular characterization of N. caninum strains, possibility of vaccine production and relationship between wildlife and livestock epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Koutsodontis Cerqueira-Cézar
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Rafael Calero-Bernal
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jitender Prakash Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Robbe D, Passarelli A, Gloria A, Di Cesare A, Capelli G, Iorio R, Traversa D. Neospora caninum seropositivity and reproductive risk factors in dogs. Exp Parasitol 2016; 164:31-5. [PMID: 26873272 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of Neospora caninum in veterinary medicine, knowledge of distribution of neosporosis in dog populations in some countries is still poor. The aims of the present study were to determine the occurrence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in one-hundred dogs living in cattle farms or dog breedings in central Italy and to evaluate the risk factors associated with seropositivity. The incidence of reproductive system disorders (e.g. infertility after first pregnancy) was also evaluated. Serum from breeding and farm dogs was tested to an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to assess the occurrence of seropositivity. Management and individual data were collected and analysed both by linear and logistic multiple-regression models to find reliable predictors of seroprevalence and anti-N. caninum antibody level. The seropositivity for N. caninum was 32%. Dogs reared for breeding and presence of cattle on the farm were associated with seropositivity for N. caninum. Dogs living in the cattle farms showed a higher seropositivity for N. caninum (46%) compared with those living in dogs breeding (18%) (P < 0.05). The high presence of seropositive dogs in cattle farms of the study region demonstrates the potential risk of horizontal transmission of N. caninum between dogs and cattle, regardless the occurrence of reproductive system disorders or with infectious bovine tissues contact. Although the Neospora seropositivity in dog breedings may appear relatively low if compared with that found in dogs living with livestock, this infection, apparently underestimated, should be considered as a potential serious problem in canine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Robbe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Passarelli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessia Gloria
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Angela Di Cesare
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Gioia Capelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10-35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Raffaella Iorio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Donato Traversa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Seabra NMD, Pereira VF, Kuwassaki MV, Benassi JC, Oliveira TMFDS. Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania spp. serology and Leishmania spp. PCR in dogs from Pirassununga, SP. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2015; 24:454-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612015046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract We examined the presence of antibodies against the parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leishmania spp., as well the presence of DNA from Leishmania spp., in dogs from Pirassununga - SP. The seropositivity rate was compared with the animals’ originating location. Three hundred seventy-three blood samples from the county’s kennel and local veterinary clinics were collected and analyzed. A total of 300 samples were tested for T. gondii and N. caninum using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT); 45% (135/300) were positive for T. gondii and 24.3% (73/300) were positive for N. caninum. Three hundred seventy-three samples were tested for Leishmania spp. using the IFAT. Of these, 4.6% (17/373) were positive. Additionally, 145 samples were tested using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR); of these samples, 0.7% (1/145) was positive. Considering the results, we conclude that these parasites are present in the city of Pirassununga - SP and that the animals have contact with the protozoan. It is therefore necessary to create methods for disease prevention to maintain both animal and human health in regard to leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis.
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Raimundo JM, Guimarães A, Moraes LMDB, Santos LA, Nepomuceno LL, Barbosa SM, Pires MS, Santos HA, Massard CL, Machado RZ, Baldani CD. Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs from the state of Tocantins: serology and associated factors. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2015; 24:475-81. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612015068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study investigated occurrences of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFAT), along with risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, in 204 dogs from urban and rural areas of the municipality of Araguaína, state of Tocantins, Brazil. One hundred and thirty samples (63.7%) were positive for T. gondii using ELISA: 57.1% and 70.7% in the urban and rural areas, respectively. The seropositivity frequency for T. gondii observed through IFAT was 57.4%, distributed between rural and urban areas as 62.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The factors associated with canine toxoplasmosis were age and breed (p<0.05). In relation to N. caninum, 88 samples (43.1%) were positive, according to ELISA, distributed as 42.9% in urban areas and 43.3% in rural areas. Anti - N. caninum antibodies were detected through IFAT in 62 dogs (30.4%), distributed as 31.3% and 29.5% between rural and urban areas, respectively. Age and breed were associated with neosporosis occurrence (p<0.05) by IFAT. This study provides the first detection of IgG antibodies for canine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the state of Tocantins and highlights the importance of dogs in the epidemiological chain of these diseases.
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Nazir MM, Maqbool A, Akhtar M, Ayaz M, Ahmad AN, Ashraf K, Ali A, Alam MA, Ali MA, Khalid AR, Lindsay DS. Neospora caninum prevalence in dogs raised under different living conditions. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:364-8. [PMID: 24957000 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. Dogs are important in the epidemiology of N. caninum because they act as definitive hosts shedding oocysts in the environment. Vertical transmission of the parasite is well recognized as an important aspect of the epidemiology of the parasite but the importance of horizontal transmission has been less studied. A N. caninum competitive ELISA was used to examine serum samples from 600 dogs that were raised under 4 different living conditions. Samples from 138 dogs living on 24 dairies with a prevalence (0-70%) of anti-N. caninum antibodies in the cattle, 294 pet dogs without neurological signs, 76 from pet dogs exhibiting neurological signs, and 92 stray dogs were examined. The overall seroprevalence of N. caninum was 23.5% (95% CI = ± 2.99) in the 600 dogs. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed between the 4 different populations of dogs. The number of N. caninum positive samples were: 51 (36.9%, 95% CI = ± 3.09) of 138 dogs from dairies, 31 (10.5%, 95% CI = ± 6.38) of 294 pet dogs without neurological signs, disorders, 22 (28.9%, 95% CI = ± 6.70) of 76 pet dogs with neurological signs, and 37 (40.2%, 95% CI = ± 2.83) of 92 stray dogs. Seropositivity to N. caninum in dogs from dairies was associated with a high prevalence of N. caninum antibodies in the cattle. At the 3 dairies where no dogs were present, the seroprevalence to N. caninum in the cattle was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the 21 dairies where dogs were present. Seroprevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in male dogs (97 of 366; 26.5%, 95% CI = ± 3.40) than in female dogs (44 of 234; 18.8%, 95% CI = ± 5.65). Seroprevalence in dogs increased with age suggesting postnatal exposure to N. caninum infection however, this increase was not significant (P > 0.05). The prevalence of N. caninum antibodies was not significantly (P>0.05) different in dogs based on breed. These findings suggest a relationship between N. caninum infection of dogs from dairies and cattle on these dairies. However, further research is required to determine what is the most important way dogs acquire infection and how to prevent dogs from shedding oocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mudasser Nazir
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Azhar Maqbool
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Masood Akhtar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, B.Z. University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ayaz
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, B.Z. University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Atif Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, B.Z. University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar Alam
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, B.Z. University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf Khalid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, B.Z. University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - David S Lindsay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Langoni H, Fornazari F, da Silva RC, Monti ET, Villa FB. Prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in dogs. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:1327-30. [PMID: 24688530 PMCID: PMC3958206 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are parasitic diseases of global importance. The present study had the objective to determine the influence of age, sex and breed in the prevalence of antibodies against both diseases in dogs from Brotas city, São Paulo State, Brazil. Blood samples of 342 dogs were collected, and the age, sex and breed of each animal were recorded. The serological diagnosis for toxoplasmosis and neosporosis were performed using the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The Fischer's test was used to calculate the association probability of the variables, with α = 5%. For toxoplasmosis the prevalence of antibodies was 26.9% (CI 95% 22.4-31.8%), and for neosporosis 4.97% (CI 95% 3.1-7.8%). The statistical analysis revealed a higher risk of infection for T. gondii in dogs with more than five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Langoni
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Zoonoses, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fornazari
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Zoonoses, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Zoonoses, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elis Talita Monti
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Zoonoses, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fausto Baptista Villa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Zoonoses, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Minervino AHH, Cassinelli ABM, de Lima JTR, Soares HS, Malheiros AF, Marcili A, Gennari SM. Prevalence of Anti-Neospora caninumand Anti-Toxoplasma gondiiAntibodies in Dogs From Two Different Indigenous Communities in the Brazilian Amazon Region. J Parasitol 2012; 98:1276-8. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3151.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Sousa ME, Wagnner JP, Albuquerque PP, Souza Neto OL, Faria EB, Pinheiro Júnior JW, Mota RA. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection by Neospora caninum of dairy cattle in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012001000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle from milk producing farms of the microregion of Batalha, state of Alagoas, Brazil, as well as to identify the risk factors associated with the infection. Blood samples were collected from 1,004 cattle of 17 farms for the serological investigation regarding the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies by the Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction Technique (IMRT). From the total amount of samples analyzed, 77/1,004 (7.67%) were positive and 927/1,004 (92.33%) were negative. The logistical regression identified that cattle from farms without consortium breeding have an infection risk 6.33 (p<0.001; C.I. 2.89-13.10) times higher than cattle from farms with that type of breeding. Cattle from farms where the aborted fetuses are not adequately buried have an infection risk 3.04 (p<0.001; C.I. 1.64-5.63) times higher than cattle from farms with adequate destination of these fetuses. Infection by N. caninum occurs in cattle of the investigated region. The factors identified in our study can be used as risk indicators, so that control measures could be implemented to avoid infection by N. caninum in the herds of this region.
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Gavrea R, Mircean V, Pastiu A, Cozma V. Epidemiological survey of Neospora caninum infection in dogs from Romania. Vet Parasitol 2012; 188:382-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sousa MED, Porto WJN, Albuquerque PPFD, Souza Neto OLD, Pinheiro Júnior JW, Mota RA. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2012; 21:287-90. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated occurrences of antibodies to anti-Neospora caninum in dogs in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, and the risk factors associated with the infection. To investigate antibodies against N. caninum, an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used. To identify risk factors associated with infection by N. caninum, univariate analyses on variables of interest were conducted. The study analyzed 237 samples from dogs of both sexes and different breeds and ages, both from rural and from urban areas. Ten animals (4.2%) were seropositive: five (4.8%) from rural areas and five (3.8%) from urban areas. Regarding sex, five (4.0%) were male and five (4.5%) were female. In relation to breed, four animals of undefined breed and six of defined breed were positive. The ages of the seropositive animals ranged from two months to eleven years. Results show there are no significant associations between seropositivity and the variables analyzed. Results indicate neosporosis must be included in differential diagnosis of dog neurological disorders.
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Mitrea IL, Enachescu V, Ionita M. Neospora caninum infection in dogs from Southern Romania: coproparasitological study and serological follow-up. J Parasitol 2012; 99:365-7. [PMID: 22931541 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3230.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an important cause of bovine abortion worldwide for which dogs are the definitive host. The present study was aimed at investigating the exposure to N. caninum infection based on lifestyle categories of dogs from southern Romania. For this purpose, randomly selected rural and urban dogs were examined for fecal N. caninum -like oocysts and were serologically tested for the presence of anti- N. caninum IgG antibodies. Of the 386 dog fecal samples, N. caninum -like oocysts were found in 19 (4.9%; 95% CI = 2.89-7.59) as follows: rural guard dogs (4/41; 9.8%), cattle farm dogs (6/118; 5.1%), and stray dogs (9/192; 4.7%) (P > 0.05). None of the 35 urban guard dogs was positive. Serum samples (n = 84) from all of the 19 N. caninum -like oocysts-positive dogs and another 65 randomly selected canines (15 cattle farm dogs, 21 rural guard dogs, and 29 strays) were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). None of these dogs exhibited any symptoms of clinical neosporosis. However, IgG antibodies against N. caninum were detected in 17/84 (20.2%) (P < 0.05) serum samples. The highest prevalence was registered in cattle farm dogs (38.1%) followed by strays (18.4%) and rural guard dogs (8.0%). The seropositivity to N. caninum increased significantly with age (P < 0.05), reaching 66.7% in dogs >10 yr of age, suggesting post-natal exposure to N. caninum is the predominant mechanism of N. caninum recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Liviu Mitrea
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 105, sector 5, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
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Bruhn FRP, Figueiredo VC, Andrade GDS, Costa-Júnior LM, Rocha CMBMD, Guimarães AM. Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodiesin dogs in rural areas in Minas Gerais, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2012; 21:161-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and risk factors associated with seropositivity in 240 dogs from rural areas of the Lavras, Belo Horizonte and Nanuque regions, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) with a cutoff of 50 was used to assess the frequency of seropositive dogs. The risk factor analysis was performed using the Chi-square test (χ2) and multiple logistic regression. The frequency of seropositivity for N. caninum was 15% of the dogs (36/240). Presence of dogs without defined breed (p = 0.018; OR = 5.9) and presence of cattle on the farm (p = 0.053, OR = 4.3) were associated with N. caninum seropositivity. Dogs in the Nanuque region had higher seropositivity for N. caninum (29.9%) than did those in the Lavras (6.2%) and Belo Horizonte (2.2%) regions (p < 0.05). The presence of seropositive dogs in rural areas of Minas Gerais demonstrates the potential risk of horizontal transmission of N. caninum to cattle, especially from dogs without defined breed, which were four times more likely to be seropositive than purebred dogs were.
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Ribeiro RR, Silva ME, Silva SM, Fulgêncio GO, Pena HF, Frézard F, Michalick MS, Gennari SM. Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2011000600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uninfected dogs and those naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi exhibiting different clinical forms of disease were evaluated for the presence of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Blood samples were collected from 110 mongrel dogs. Sera were tested using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and the animals with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (n=60) were classified clinically. Out of the 110 sera investigated, 5 (4.5%) were positive for N. caninum (IFAT>50) and 36 (32.7%) for T. gondii (IFAT>16). Anti-L. chagasi antibody titers in asymptomatic dogs (n=10) were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in oligosymptomatic ones (n=22), which were in turn significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in symptomatic ones (n=28). No association between Leishmania and N. caninum infections was observed. Among dogs infected with L. chagasi, a tendency (P=0.053) towards an association between the infection with T. gondii and the appearance of VL symptoms was observed, suggesting that the clinical manifestation of VL in dogs may enhance their susceptibility to T. gondii. The possible influence of the immunosuppressive status of canine leishmaniasis in the different clinical forms of the disease is discussed.
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Regidor-Cerrillo J, Pedraza-Diaz S, Rojo-Montejo S, Vazquez-Moreno E, Arnaiz I, Gomez-Bautista M, Jimenez-Palacios S, Ortega-Mora L, Collantes-Fernandez E. Neospora caninum infection in stray and farm dogs: Seroepidemiological study and oocyst shedding. Vet Parasitol 2010; 174:332-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Valadas S, Minervino AHH, Lima VMF, Soares RM, Ortolani EL, Gennari SM. Occurrence of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum, anti-Toxoplasma gondii, and anti-Leishmania chagasi in serum of dogs from Pará State, Amazon, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:453-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yakhchali M, Javadi S, Morshedi A. Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in stray dogs of Urmia, Iran. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:1455-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ghalmi F, China B, Kaidi R, Losson B. First epidemiological study on exposure to Neospora caninum in different canine populations in the Algiers District (Algeria). Parasitol Int 2009; 58:444-50. [PMID: 19723590 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. Dogs act as final hosts shedding oocysts in the environment. They can also harbour the extraintestinal stage of the parasite and this may be associated with a fairly rare neuromuscular condition. The sera of 781 dogs from the Algiers District were screened by IFAT for the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies. These dogs were distributed into four populations: local stray dogs, police dogs, dogs from breeding kennels and farm dogs. The overall seroprevalence was 21.90%. Significant differences were observed between the different populations, the highest prevalence being observed in farm (44.44%) and stray dogs (22.55%). Additionally, the highest titres were observed in farm dogs. Among studied epidemiological parameters, breed, dog origin, season and vaccination status were significantly associated with IFAT results. Additionally, a recently described real time PCR was used on the blood of 100 pound dogs and the results were compared with the serological data. A higher proportion of dogs was found to be positive by PCR when compared to the IFAT results. There was only a fairly low agreement between PCR and IFAT results which suggests that these techniques measured different aspects of the host-parasite relationship. This study indicates that the level of exposure of the canine population of Algiers area to N. caninum is very high. This would indicate a potentially high risk for N. caninum induced abortion in cattle in this region and in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ghalmi
- University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Liège, Belgium
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Fridlund-Plugge N, Montiani-Ferreira F, Richartz RRTB, Dal Pizzol J, Machado Jr PC, Patrício LFL, Rosinelli AS, Locatelli-Dittrich R. Frequency of antibodies against Neospora caninum in stray and domiciled dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas from Paraná State, Southern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2008; 17:222-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612008000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to Neospora caninum were analyzed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), in stray and domiciled dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Of the total of 556 dogs, 18.17% (101) were positive for N. caninum (titer 50). Frequency of antibody was 12.71 in urban, 15.73 in periurban, and 25.38% in rural dogs. Rural dogs had a significantly higher frequency of antibodies than urban dogs (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences between the frequencies of antibodies in urban and periurban dogs (P>0.05), and between dogs from periurban and rural areas (P>0.05). Antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 34 of 233 domiciled dogs (14.59%) and in 17 of 126 stray dogs (13.49%). No statistical differences were observed considering life-style and geographic location of origin (P>0.05). Neospora caninum is widespread among dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas of the municipal district of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Seroepidemiological study of Neospora caninum infection in dogs found in dairy farms and urban areas of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Vet Parasitol 2008; 157:139-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Figueredo LA, Dantas-Torres F, de Faria EB, Gondim LFP, Simões-Mattos L, Brandão-Filho SP, Mota RA. Occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs from Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2008; 157:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in different dog populations in Spain. Vet Parasitol 2008; 152:148-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Moraes CCGD, Megid J, Pituco EM, Okuda LH, Del Fava C, Stefano ED, Crocci AJ. Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em cães da microrregião da Serra de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2008; 17:1-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612008000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neosporose é uma enfermidade parasitária causada pelo protozoário Neospora caninum reconhecido como importante causa de abortamento bovino e neuropatia canina. Considerando o isolamento de N. caninum e a sorologia freqüente em bovinos em nossa região, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-N. caninum em cães da Microrregião da Serra de Botucatu, Estado de SãoPaulo, e sua associação ao sexo, idade e procedência quanto à zona urbana (exclusivamente cidade), rural (somente chácaras e sítios) e peri-urbana (acesso à zona urbana e rural) dos cães estudados. Foram analisados 963 cães, com ou sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos e diferentes idades, sem apresentação de qualquer sintomatologia clínica. Os animais foram selecionados aleatoriamente durante a campanha de vacinação anti-rábica da microrregião da Serra de Botucatu, no período de maio a setembro de 1998. O soro obtido dos animais foi avaliado por meio da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) utilizando como antígeno a cepa padrão NC-1 deN. caninum. Observaram-se 245 animais reagentes (25,4% de positividade), sendo 161 (27,5%) machos e, 84 (22,3%) fêmeas. Dos animais de zona urbana, rural e mista 223 (25,8%),11(16,9%) e 11(33,3%), respectivamente, foram reagentes à prova de RIFI. Todos os 11 municípios apresentaram cães soropositivos com valores de ocorrência que variaram de 8,9% a 53,5%. Observou-se percentual de positividade menor em cães até um ano (16,2%) quando comparados àqueles entre 1 a 4 anos e superior a 4 anos (28,4 % e 28,0%, respectivamente) que não apresentaram diferença entre si. Os resultados obtidos caracterizaram soropositividade para N. caninum em cães pertencentes a todos os municípios da Microrregião da Serra de Botucatu evidenciando a ampla distribuição do agente na região.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Megid
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
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Haddadzadeh HR, Sadrebazzaz A, Malmasi A, Talei Ardakani H, Khazraii Nia P, Sadreshirazi N. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dogs from rural and urban environments in Tehran, Iran. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:1563-5. [PMID: 17687566 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
103 serum samples were taken from owned dogs in Tehran (53 urban dogs and 50 farm dogs) from February to May 2005 and tested for IgG antibody against Neospora caninum using the immunofluorescence antibody test. Urban dogs were selected from apparent healthy dogs referred to the Small Animal Hospital of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, for routine operation, and the farm dogs were selected from the sheepdogs in sheep flocks around Tehran randomly. The titer of 1:50 was selected as cutoff. In total, 20 of 103 cases (19.4%) were identified as positive. The infection rate in farm dogs (28%) was higher than in urban dogs (11.3%), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The infection rates in different genders and age groups were determined. The differences between seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in different sexes were not significant. A high correlation was observed between the infection rate and age (r (2) = 0.97, p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Haddadzadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The dog is a definitive host of the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum, and in many parts of the world, infection is relatively common as determined by serology. Reported seroprevalences usually range from 0 to 20 per cent, however, reports of clinically affected dogs are infrequent. Affected dogs are generally less than six months old and predominantly have signs of an ascending hindleg paralysis, with the associated lesions of polyradiculoneuritis and granulomatous polymyositis. Although any organ may be affected, infections are more common in the central nervous system, muscles, lungs and skin. Ante-mortem diagnosis is difficult but serology and cytology can aid diagnosis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by histology, immunohistochemistry, the use of molecular techniques on biopsy material, or on post-mortem examination. Neospora caninum oocysts are rarely found in faeces and must be differentiated from oocysts of related coccidians such as Hammondia heydorni and Toxoplasma gondii. Hammondia heydorni can cause diarrrhoea in immunosuppressed dogs. Neosporosis should be suspected in young pups with an ascending paralysis of the hindlegs. Treatment with clindamycin and potentiated sulphonamides may be useful in cases where muscular atrophy and fibrosis are absent. Feeding of raw meat is a potential risk factor for infection of dogs and should be discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Reichel
- Gribbles Veterinary Parthology, 840 Tremaine Avenue, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Ferroglio E, Pasino M, Ronco F, Benà A, Trisciuoglio A. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Neospora caninum in Urban and Rural Dogs in north-west Italy. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54:135-9. [PMID: 17456144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sera were collected from 490 dogs from north-west Italy. One hundred and eighty-eight dogs were urban, while 302 dogs were rural. Among the latter, 190 were shepherd dogs and 112 were cattle farm dogs. Sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against Neospora caninum using the Neospora agglutination test. Seroprevalence at 1/40, 1/80, 1/160 dilution titres was significantly higher in rural (36.4%, 19.5%, 9.9% respectively) than in urban dogs (20.2%, 10.6%, 4.8% respectively). Seroprevalence did not differ significantly in males and females. In shepherd dogs, prevalence increased according to dogs' age, thus suggesting a post-natal exposure by horizontal transmission. The observed higher seroprevalence in rural dogs suggests the importance of lifestyle and alimentary habits (i.e. aborted foetuses, placentas and small mammals) in the acquisition of N. caninum infection. Our results confirm that dogs are exposed to N. caninum and play an important role in the epidemiology of N. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferroglio
- Department of Animal Production, Epidemiology and Ecology, University of Turin, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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Dubey JP, Schares G, Ortega-Mora LM. Epidemiology and control of neosporosis and Neospora caninum. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20:323-67. [PMID: 17428888 PMCID: PMC1865591 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00031-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. Until 1988, it was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species Neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. Abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. Although antibodies to N. caninum have been reported, the parasite has not been detected in human tissues. Thus, the zoonotic potential is uncertain. This review is focused mainly on the epidemiology and control of neosporosis in cattle, but worldwide seroprevalences of N. caninum in animals and humans are tabulated. The role of wildlife in the life cycle of N. caninum and strategies for the control of neosporosis in cattle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Malmasi A, Hosseininejad M, Haddadzadeh H, Badii A, Bahonar A. Serologic study of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in household dogs and dogs living in dairy and beef cattle farms in Tehran, Iran. Parasitol Res 2006; 100:1143-5. [PMID: 17120042 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A few studies have been done on the seroepidemiology of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy and beef cattle farms in Iran, which suggested the presence of N. caninum in these areas, but there is no published information directed on the presence or epidemiology of this organism in the dogs in Iran. To investigate anti-N. caninum antibodies in household dogs and dogs living in cattle farms, 100 blood samples were collected: 50 from dogs living in dairy and beef cattle farms and 50 from household dogs. Serum samples were screened for detection of anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT; > or = 50). Antibodies were seen in 10 (20%) of 50 household dogs and in 23 (46%) of 50 farm dogs. There were significant statistical differences in seropositivity between these two groups (P = 0.005). The IFAT antibody titers were as follows: 1:50 in seven dogs, 1:100 in eight dogs, 1:200 in six dogs, 1:400 in seven dogs, 1:800 in three dogs, 1:1,600 in one dog, and 1:12,800 in one dog. There were no significant differences in seropositivity between males and females. The positive results were increasing with age, and positive results were significantly different in the age group of older than 2 years compared to the dogs of age group under 1 year (P = 0.000) and 1-2 years (P = 0.007). The results confirm the exposure of household and farm dogs to N. caninum in Tehran and the higher rate of exposure for the dogs of dairy and cattle farms around Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malmasi
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Aguiar DM, Cavalcante GT, Rodrigues AAR, Labruna MB, Camargo LMA, Camargo EP, Gennari SM. Prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle and dogs from Western Amazon, Brazil, in association with some possible risk factors. Vet Parasitol 2006; 142:71-7. [PMID: 16857319 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For evaluation of the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and its associated risk factors, serum samples from 2109 cattle (11 beef, 50 dairy and 25 mixed farms) and 174 dogs were examined in the State of Rondônia, Western Amazon, Brazil. An inquiry was applied in each farm. Sera were examined by the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) using cut off dilution of 1:25 for cattle and 1:50 for dogs. Statistical association between the serologic status and several variables were analyzed by linear and logistic regression. The overall herd prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies for 86 farms was 72% (61.3-81.2%). Prevalence values were 100, 70 and 64% in beef, dairy and mixed herds, respectively. Herd prevalence in beef herds was significantly different (P<0.05) from dairy and mixed herds. The overall animal prevalence of N. caninum in cattle was 8.8%. Prevalence values by animal were similar in different production types (P>0.05), with values of 9.5, 11.2 and 9.7% for beef, dairy or mixed cattle, respectively. Antibodies were found in 12.6% of the 174 examined dogs. Sixteen (22.8%) out of 70 farms with dogs had at least one dog with anti-N. caninum antibodies. The occurrence of antibodies in cattle was statistically associated with farms having more than 25 cows (OR 9.7, 95% IC 2.9-32.2; P=0.0002). There was no significant association between the presence of the dogs, jungle contact or reproductive variables with the occurrence of antibodies in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Aguiar
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Teixeira W, Silva M, Pereira J, Pinheiro A, Almeida M, Gondim L. Freqüência de cães reagentes para Neospora caninum em São Luís, Maranhão. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352006000400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sager H, Moret CS, Müller N, Staubli D, Esposito M, Schares G, Hässig M, Stärk K, Gottstein B. Incidence of Neospora caninum and other intestinal protozoan parasites in populations of Swiss dogs. Vet Parasitol 2006; 139:84-92. [PMID: 16564131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is one of the most important abortifacient organisms in cattle worldwide. The dog is known to act as definitive host although its potential role as infection source for bovines still remains unelucidated. The aim of the present study was to compile initial epidemiological data on the prevalence and incidence of N. caninum in Swiss dogs acting as definitive hosts. Thus, 249 Swiss dogs were investigated coproscopically in monthly intervals over a period of 1 year. A total of 3289 fecal samples was tested by the flotation technique. Among these, 202 were shown to contain Sarcocystis sp. (6.1%), 149 Cystoisospora sp. (=Isospora sp.; 4.5%) and 25 Hammondia/Neospora-like oocysts (HNlO) (0.7%). All but one sample containing HNlO were from different dogs; one dog shed HNlO at two subsequent time points. Calculation of the yearly incidence for HNlO resulted in the surprisingly high value of 9.2%. Farm dogs exhibited a higher incidence for HNlO than urban family dogs. Thirteen out of the 25 HNlO-samples showed sporulation after 5 days incubation at room temperature. HNlO were further differentiated by species-specific PCR. However, all HNlO-samples were negative for N. caninum, Hammondia heydorni and Toxoplasma gondii. One reason may be the low oocyst density found in most fecal samples, which did not permit us to carry out PCR under optimal conditions. Three out of the 25 HNlO-cases contained enough oocysts to allow further enrichment and purification by the flotation technique. Subsequently, twenty to fifty sporulated HNlO-oocysts were orally administered to Meriones unguiculatus. All gerbils were seronegative for N. caninum at 5 weeks p.i. A N. caninum-seroprevalence of 7.8% was determined by ELISA upon 1132 serum samples collected from dogs randomly selected by veterinarians among their clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sager
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3001-Bern, Switzerland.
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Abstract
This work gathers reports about Neospora-infections in South America. Neospora-infections have been reported from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Evidence of exposure to N. caninum was mentioned in cattle, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, water buffaloes, alpacas, llamas, South American opossums, wolves and other wild canids. No antibodies were found in horses. Interesting epidemiological and pathological data were described. Two isolations were performed from dogs, one from cattle, and recently five from water buffaloes. Since the cattle industry is important in South America and reproductive losses caused by Neospora-infection have been identified, more investigations are needed in order to understand its epidemiology and control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Moore
- Fundación Antorchas, Chile 300 (C1098AAF), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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