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Pinski AN, Gan T, Lin SC, Droit L, Diamond M, Barouch DH, Wang D. Isolation of a recombinant simian adenovirus encoding the human adenovirus G52 hexon suggests a simian origin for human adenovirus G52. J Virol 2024; 98:e0004324. [PMID: 38497664 PMCID: PMC11019922 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00043-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are causative agents of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. These double-stranded DNA viruses are phylogenetically classified into seven different species (A-G). HAdV-G52, originally isolated in 2008 from a patient presenting with gastroenteritis, is the sole human-derived member of species G. Phylogenetic analysis previously suggested that HAdV-G52 may have a simian origin, indicating a potential zoonotic spillover into humans. However, evidence of HAdV-G52 in either human or simian populations has not been reported since. Here, we describe the isolation and in vitro characterization of rhesus (rh)AdV-69, a novel simian AdV with clear evidence of recombination with HAdV-G52, from the stool of a rhesus macaque. Specifically, the rhAdV-69 hexon capsid protein is 100% identical to that of HAdV-G52, whereas the remainder of the genome is most similar to rhAdV-55, sharing 95.36% nucleic acid identity. A second recombination event with an unknown adenovirus (AdV) is evident at the short fiber gene. From the same sample, we also isolated a second, highly related recombinant AdV (rhAdV-68) that harbors a distinct hexon gene but nearly identical backbone compared to rhAdV-69. In vitro, rhAdV-68 and rhAdV-69 demonstrate comparable growth kinetics and tropisms in human cell lines, nonhuman cell lines, and human enteroids. Furthermore, we show that coinfection of highly related AdVs is not unique to this sample since we also isolated coinfecting rhAdVs from two additional rhesus macaque stool samples. Our data collectively contribute to elucidating the origins of HAdV-G52 and provide insights into the frequency of coinfections and subsequent recombination in AdV evolution.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the host origins of adenoviruses (AdVs) is critical for public health as transmission of viruses from animals to humans can lead to emergent viruses. Recombination between animal and human AdVs can also produce emergent viruses. HAdV-G52 is the only human-derived member of the HAdV G species. It has been suggested that HAdV-G52 has a simian origin. Here, we isolated from a rhesus macaque, a novel rhAdV, rhAdV-69, that encodes a hexon protein that is 100% identical to that of HAdV-G52. This observation suggests that HAdV-G52 may indeed have a simian origin. We also isolated a highly related rhAdV, differing only in the hexon gene, from the same rhesus macaque stool sample as rhAdV-69, illustrating the potential for co-infection of closely related AdVs and recombination at the hexon gene. Furthermore, our study highlights the critical role of whole-genome sequencing in understanding AdV evolution and monitoring the emergence of pathogenic AdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Pinski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tianyu Gan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shih-Ching Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lindsay Droit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Park A, Lee C, Lee JY. Genomic Evolution and Recombination Dynamics of Human Adenovirus D Species: Insights from Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00112-5. [PMID: 38451451 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can infect various epithelial mucosal cells, ultimately causing different symptoms in infected organ systems. With more than 110 types classified into seven species (A-G), HAdV-D species possess the highest number of viruses and are the fastest proliferating. The emergence of new adenovirus types and increased diversity are driven by homologous recombination (HR) between viral genes, primarily in structural elements such as the penton base, hexon and fiber proteins, and the E1 and E3 regions. A comprehensive analysis of the HAdV genome provides valuable insights into the evolution of human adenoviruses and identifies genes that display high variation across the entire genome to determine recombination patterns. Hypervariable regions within genetic sequences correlate with functional characteristics, thus allowing for adaptation to new environments and hosts. Proteotyping of newly emerging and already established adenoviruses allows for prediction of the characteristics of novel viruses. HAdV-D species evolved in a direction that increased diversity through gene recombination. Bioinformatics analysis across the genome, particularly in highly variable regions, allows for the verification or re-evaluation of recombination patterns in both newly introduced and pre-existing viruses, ultimately aiding in tracing various biological traits such as virus tropism and pathogenesis. Our research does not only assist in predicting the emergence of new adenoviruses but also offers critical guidance in regard to identifying potential regulatory factors of homologous recombination hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyeseu Park
- The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Lee
- The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.
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Kajon AE, Lamson DM, George KS. Characterization of Human Adenoviruses of Medical Importance: Isolation of Infectious Virus from Clinical Specimens and Molecular Typing. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e916. [PMID: 37971417 PMCID: PMC10659126 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) constitute a group of ubiquitous viruses that currently comprises 51 well-defined serotypes and more than 113 genotypes classified into seven species, HAdV-A through HAdV-G. The members of these species differ considerably in their genomic characteristics and also in their tropism and pathogenicity. Virus isolation in cell culture remains critical for the preservation and comprehensive characterization of viruses of biomedical interest but has been almost completely abandoned by diagnostic laboratories. Currently, the most frequently used approach for the detection of HAdV in clinical specimens is real-time qPCR targeting a region of the hexon gene, conserved among all genotypes described to the present. In the absence of typing, the detection of an HAdV in association with disease provides limited information. Molecular typing is therefore highly desirable and required in the epidemiological investigation of HAdV-associated disease. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Virus isolation from plasma and whole blood Alternate Protocol 1: Virus isolation from stool Alternate Protocol 2: Virus isolation from respiratory specimens and urine Alternate Protocol 3: Virus isolation from tissue specimens Support Protocol: Inoculation of shell vials Basic Protocol 2: Extraction of highly pure viral genomic DNA from infected cells Basic Protocol 3: Molecular detection of human adenovirus by real-time PCR Basic Protocol 4: Molecular typing for basic identification of species and hexon type Basic Protocol 5: Typing human adenoviruses by next-generation whole-genome sequencing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E. Kajon
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA +1(505) 348-9159
| | - Daryl M. Lamson
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, David Axelrod Institute, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York, USA +1 (518) 402-4707
| | - Kirsten St. George
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, David Axelrod Institute, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, New York, USA +1 (518) 402-4707
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Seo JW, Lee SK, Hong IH, Choi SH, Lee JY, Kim HS, Kim HS. Molecular Epidemiology of Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:683-687. [PMID: 35765877 PMCID: PMC9277046 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.6.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a major cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. We investigated the types of adenoviruses responsible for the recent epidemic of keratoconjunctivitis in Korea. From January to November 2019, 218 conjunctival swab samples were collected from patients clinically suspected as having adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Genotyping targeting of adenovirus capsid hexon genes was performed using PCR and sequencing. Of the 218 samples collected, 128 (58.7%) were positive for the adenovirus genes by PCR, and 126 samples were successfully genotyped. Adenovirus type 8 (HAdV-D8) was the most common type (67.5%), followed by HAdV-D64 (11.1%), HAdV-D37 (9.5%), HAdV-B3 (5.6%), HAdV-D53 (4.0%), HAdV-E4 (1.6%), and HAdV-D56 (0.8%). Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis cases were the most frequent in July and August 2019, which were mainly caused by type 8. Phylogenetic analyses revealed little genetic distance among adenoviruses of the same type detected in our study. Our results provide basic data for further studies of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Su Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - In Hwan Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Se Hyun Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Joo Youn Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
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Wu X, Zhang J, Lan W, Quan L, Ou J, Zhao W, Wu J, Woo PCY, Seto D, Zhang Q. Molecular Typing and Rapid Identification of Human Adenoviruses Associated With Respiratory Diseases Using Universal PCR and Sequencing Primers for the Three Major Capsid Genes: Penton Base, Hexon, and Fiber. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:911694. [PMID: 35633710 PMCID: PMC9133664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) within species B, C, and E are responsible for highly contagious and potentially severe respiratory disease infections. The traditional method to type these pathogens was based on virus neutralization and hemagglutination assays, which are both time-consuming and difficult, particularly due to the nonavailability of reagents. Subsequent molecular typing based on the partial characterization of the hexon gene and/or the restriction enzyme analysis (REA) of the genomes is inadequate, particularly in identifying recombinants. Here, a rapid, simple, and cost-effective method for molecular typing HAdV respiratory pathogens is presented. This incorporates three pairs of universal PCR primers that target the variable regions of the three major capsid genes, i.e., hexon, penton base, and fiber genes, that span the genome. The protocol enables typing and characterization of genotypes within species B, C, and E, as well as of some genotypes within species D and F. To validate this method, we surveyed 100 children with HAdV-associated acute respiratory infections identified by direct immunofluorescence (Hong Kong; July through October, 2014). Throat swab specimens were collected and analyzed by PCR amplification and sequencing; these sequences were characterized by BLAST. HAdVs were detected in 98 out of 100 (98%) samples, distributing as follows: 74 HAdV-B3 (74%); 10 HAdV-E4 (10%); 7 HAdV-C2 (7%); 2 HAdV-C6 (2%); 1 HAdV-B7 (1%); 1 HAdV-C1 (1%); 2 co-infection (2%); and 1 novel recombinant (1%). This study is the first detailed molecular epidemiological survey of HAdVs in Hong Kong. The developed method allows for the rapid identification of HAdV respiratory pathogens, including recombinants, and bypasses the need for whole genome sequencing for real-time surveillance of circulating adenovirus strains in outbreaks and populations by clinical virologists, public health officials, and epidemiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendong Lan
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Quan
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxian Ou
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
- Donald Seto,
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiwei Zhang,
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Nestić D, Božinović K, Drašković I, Kovačević A, van den Bosch J, Knežević J, Custers J, Ambriović-Ristov A, Majhen D. Human Adenovirus Type 26 Induced IL-6 Gene Expression in an αvβ3 Integrin- and NF-κB-Dependent Manner. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040672. [PMID: 35458402 PMCID: PMC9028149 DOI: 10.3390/v14040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The low seroprevalent human adenovirus type 26 (HAdV26)-based vaccine vector was the first adenovirus-based vector to receive marketing authorization from European Commission. HAdV26-based vaccine vectors induce durable humoral and cellular immune responses and, as such, represent a highly valuable tool for fighting infectious diseases. Despite well-described immunogenicity in vivo, the basic biology of HAdV26 still needs some refinement. The aim of this study was to determine the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile of epithelial cells infected with HAdV26 and then investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. The expression of studied genes and proteins was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize HAdV26 cell uptake. We found that HAdV26 infection in human epithelial cells triggers the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, namely IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α, with the most pronounced difference shown for IL-6. We investigated the underlying molecular mechanism and observed that HAdV26-induced IL-6 gene expression is αvβ3 integrin dependent and NF-κB mediated. Our findings provide new data regarding pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in HAdV26-infected epithelial cells, as well as details concerning HAdV26-induced host signaling pathways. Information obtained within this research increases our current knowledge of HAdV26 basic biology and, as such, can contribute to further development of HAdV26-based vaccine vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Nestić
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Ksenija Božinović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Isabela Drašković
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Alen Kovačević
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Jolien van den Bosch
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty for Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jerome Custers
- Janssen Vaccines and Preventions BV, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signalling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.N.); (K.B.); (I.D.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.B.); (A.A.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Rajaiya J, Saha A, Zhou X, Chodosh J. Human Adenovirus Species D Interactions with Corneal Stromal Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:2505. [PMID: 34960773 PMCID: PMC8709199 DOI: 10.3390/v13122505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notable among the many communicable agents known to infect the human cornea is the human adenovirus, with less than ten adenoviruses having corneal tropism out of more than 100 known types. The syndrome of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), caused principally by human adenovirus, presents acutely with epithelial keratitis, and later with stromal keratitis that can be chronic and recurrent. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular biology of adenovirus infection of corneal stromal cells, among which the fibroblast-like keratocyte is the most predominant, in order to elucidate basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of stromal keratitis in the human patient with EKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Rajaiya
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.S.); (X.Z.)
| | | | | | - James Chodosh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.S.); (X.Z.)
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Huang Y, Wang C, Ma F, Guo Q, Yao L, Chen A, Luo X, Zheng L. Human adenoviruses in paediatric patients with respiratory tract infections in Beijing, China. Virol J 2021; 18:191. [PMID: 34556127 PMCID: PMC8460180 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenoviruse (HAdV) is a major pathogen of paediatric respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Mutation or recombination of HAdV genes may cause changes in its pathogenicity and transmission. We described the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of HAdV in hospitalized children with RTIs in Beijing, China. Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from hospitalized children with RTIs from April 2018 to March 2019. HAdVs were detected by a quantitative real-time PCR, and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. Results Among 1572 samples, 90 (5.72%) were HAdV-positive. The HAdV detection rate was highest in November and July. Among HAdV-positive children, 61.11% (55/90) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, the most common of which were human respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus. The main diagnosis was bronchopneumonia, most patient have cough and fever. Children with a high viral load were more likely to have a high fever (P = 0.041) and elevated WBC count (P = 0.000). Of 55 HAdV-positive specimens, HAdV-B (63.64%), HAdV-C (27.27%), and HAdV-E (9.09%) were main epidemic species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that hexon sequences of three samples were on the same branch with the recombinant HAdV strain (CBJ113), which was circulating in Beijing since 2016. Conclusion The HAdV-B3 and HAdV-B7 are the main epidemic strains in Beijing, and the recombinant HAdV-C strain CBJ113 has formed an epidemic trend. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-021-01661-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Fenlian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Lishu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China. .,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Fatal Neonatal Sepsis Associated with Human Adenovirus Type 56 Infection: Genomic Analysis of Three Recent Cases Detected in the United States. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061105. [PMID: 34207791 PMCID: PMC8228069 DOI: 10.3390/v13061105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV)-D56 was first described in 2011 by genomics analysis of a strain isolated in France in 2008 from a fatal case of neonatal infection. Since then, it has been reported in cases of keratoconjunctivitis and male urethritis. Three epidemiologically unrelated fatal cases of neonatal sepsis associated with infection by HAdV-D strains with a similar genetic makeup were documented in the United States between 2014 and 2020. Methods: Whole genome sequences were obtained for the isolated strains, and genomics analyses were conducted to compare them to phylogenetically related HAdV-D genomic sequences available in GenBank. Results: The three new US strains were indistinguishable by in silico restriction enzyme analysis. Their genome sequences were 99.9% identical to one another and to the prototype strain isolated in 2008 from a similar context of disease. The phylogenetic reconstruction revealed a highly supported clustering of all HAdV-D56 strains isolated in various countries since 1982. Our comparison to serologically intermediate strains 15/H9 described in the literature indicated that HAdV-D56-like viruses have circulated worldwide since the late 1950s. Conclusion: As with other HAdV-D genotypes with the ability to infect ocular and genital mucosae, the risk of severe prenatal or perinatal HAdV-D56 infection must be considered.
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Adenovirus and the Cornea: More Than Meets the Eye. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020293. [PMID: 33668417 PMCID: PMC7917768 DOI: 10.3390/v13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses cause disease at multiple mucosal sites, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, and are common agents of conjunctivitis. One site of infection that has received sparse attention is the cornea, a transparent tissue and the window of the eye. While most adenovirus infections are self-limited, corneal inflammation (keratitis) due to adenovirus can persist or recur for months to years after infection, leading to reduced vision, discomfort, and light sensitivity. Topical corticosteroids effectively suppress late adenovirus keratitis but are associated with vision-threatening side effects. In this short review, we summarize current knowledge on infection of the cornea by adenoviruses, including corneal epithelial cell receptors and determinants of corneal tropism. We briefly discuss mechanisms of stromal keratitis due to adenovirus infection, and review an emerging therapy to mitigate adenovirus corneal infections based on evolving knowledge of corneal epithelial receptor usage.
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Direct costs and clinical impact of adenovirus genotype 8 conjunctivitis outbreak in a neonatology unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020; 42:142-148. [PMID: 32900393 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a conjunctivitis outbreak in a neonatology intensive care unit (NICU) and determine the associated economic impact. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC) University Hospital, a private, tertiary-care healthcare institution in Buenos Aires, Argentina. PARTICIPANTS The study included 52 NICU neonates and 59 NICU-related healthcare workers (HCWs) from CEMIC hospital. METHODS Neonates and HCWs were swabbed for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, viral culture, and typing by sequencing. Infection control measures, structural and logistic changes were implemented. Billing records were analyzed to determine costs. RESULTS From January 30 to April 28, 2018, 52 neonates were hospitalized in the NICU. Among them, 14 of 52 (21%) had bilateral conjunctivitis with pseudomembranes. Symptomatic neonates and HCWs were HAdV-D8 positive. Ophthalmological symptoms had a median duration of 18 days (IQR, 13-24.5). PCR positivity and infectious range had a median duration of 18.5 days. As part of containment measures, the NICU and the high-risk pregnancy unit were closed to new patients. The NICU was divided into 2 areas for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients; a new room was assigned for the general nursery, and all deliveries from the high-risk pregnancy unit were redirected to other hospitals. The outbreak cost the hospital US$205,000: implementation of a new nursery room and extra salaries cost US$30,350 and estimated productivity loss during 1 month cost US$175,000. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory diagnosis confirmed the cause of this outbreak as HAdV-D8. The immediate adoption and reinforcement of rigorous infection control measures limited the nosocomial viral spread. This outbreak represented a serious institutional problem, causing morbidity, significant economic loss, and absenteeism.
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12
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Kang J, Ismail AM, Dehghan S, Rajaiya J, Allard MW, Lim HC, Dyer DW, Chodosh J, Seto D. Genomics-based re-examination of the taxonomy and phylogeny of human and simian Mastadenoviruses: an evolving whole genomes approach, revealing putative zoonosis, anthroponosis, and amphizoonosis. Cladistics 2020; 36:358-373. [PMID: 34618969 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of high-resolution and cost-effective genomics and bioinformatics tools and methods contributing to a large database of both human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) adenoviruses, a genomics-based re-evaluation of their taxonomy is warranted. Interest in these particular adenoviruses is growing in part due to the applications of both in gene transfer protocols, including gene therapy and vaccines, as well in oncolytic protocols. In particular, the re-evaluation of SAdVs as appropriate vectors in humans is important as zoonosis precludes the assumption that human immune system may be naïve to these vectors. Additionally, as important pathogens, adenoviruses are a model organism system for understanding viral pathogen emergence through zoonosis and anthroponosis, particularly among the primate species, along with recombination, host adaptation, and selection, as evidenced by one long-standing human respiratory pathogen HAdV-4 and a recent re-evaluation of another, HAdV-76. The latter reflects the insights on amphizoonosis, defined as infections in both directions among host species including "other than human", that are possible with the growing database of nonhuman adenovirus genomes. HAdV-76 is a recombinant that has been isolated from human, chimpanzee, and bonobo hosts. On-going and potential impacts of adenoviruses on public health and translational medicine drive this evaluation of 174 whole genome sequences from HAdVs and SAdVs archived in GenBank. The conclusion is that rather than separate HAdV and SAdV phylogenetic lineages, a single, intertwined tree is observed with all HAdVs and SAdVs forming mixed clades. Therefore, a single designation of "primate adenovirus" (PrAdV) superseding either HAdV and SAdV is proposed, or alternatively, keeping HAdV for human adenovirus but expanding the SAdV nomenclature officially to include host species identification as in ChAdV for chimpanzee adenovirus, GoAdV for gorilla adenovirus, BoAdV for bonobo adenovirus, and ad libitum.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Kang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Ashrafali Mohamed Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shoaleh Dehghan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.,Chemistry Department, American University, Washington, DC, 20016, USA
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Marc W Allard
- Division of Microbiology (HFS-710), Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, US Food & Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Haw Chuan Lim
- Department of Biology, George Mason University Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - David W Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
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13
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Mystery eye: Human adenovirus and the enigma of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 76:100826. [PMID: 31891773 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Known to occur in widespread outbreaks, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe ocular surface infection with a strong historical association with human adenovirus (HAdV). While the conjunctival manifestations can vary from mild follicular conjunctivitis to hyper-acute, exudative conjunctivitis with formation of conjunctival membranes, EKC is distinct as the only form of adenovirus conjunctivitis in which the cornea is also involved, likely due to the specific corneal epithelial tropism of its causative viral agents. The initial development of a punctate or geographic epithelial keratitis may herald the later formation of stromal keratitis, and manifest as subepithelial infiltrates which often persist or recur for months to years after the acute infection has resolved. The chronic keratitis in EKC is associated with foreign body sensation, photophobia, glare, and reduced vision. However, over a century since the first clinical descriptions of EKC, and over 60 years since the first causative agent, human adenovirus type 8, was identified, our understanding of this disorder remains limited. This is underscored by a current lack of effective diagnostic tools and treatments. In part, stasis in our knowledge base has been encouraged by the continued acceptance, and indeed propagation of, inaccurate paradigms pertaining to disease etiology and pathogenesis, particularly with regard to mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity within the cornea. Owing to its often persistent and medically refractory visual sequelae, reconsideration of key aspects of EKC disease biology is warranted to identify new treatment targets to curb its worldwide socioeconomic burden.
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14
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Ismail AM, Zhou X, Dyer DW, Seto D, Rajaiya J, Chodosh J. Genomic foundations of evolution and ocular pathogenesis in human adenovirus species D. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3583-3608. [PMID: 31769017 PMCID: PMC7185199 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human adenovirus commonly causes infections of respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and ocular surface mucosae. Although most adenovirus eye infections are mild and self-limited, specific viruses within human adenovirus species D are associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe and highly contagious ocular surface infection, which can lead to chronic and/or recurrent, visually disabling keratitis. In this review, we discuss the links between adenovirus ontogeny, genomics, immune responses, and corneal pathogenesis, for those viruses that cause EKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafali M. Ismail
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David W. Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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16
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Baker AT, Mundy RM, Davies JA, Rizkallah PJ, Parker AL. Human adenovirus type 26 uses sialic acid-bearing glycans as a primary cell entry receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax3567. [PMID: 31517055 PMCID: PMC6726447 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are clinically important agents. They cause respiratory distress, gastroenteritis, and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. As non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses, they are easily manipulated, making them popular vectors for therapeutic applications, including vaccines. Species D adenovirus type 26 (HAdV-D26) is both a cause of EKC and other diseases and a promising vaccine vector. HAdV-D26-derived vaccines are under investigation as protective platforms against HIV, Zika, and respiratory syncytial virus infections and are in phase 3 clinical trials for Ebola. We recently demonstrated that HAdV-D26 does not use CD46 or Desmoglein-2 as entry receptors, while the putative interaction with coxsackie and adenovirus receptor is low affinity and unlikely to represent the primary cell receptor. Here, we establish sialic acid as a primary entry receptor used by HAdV-D26. We demonstrate that removal of cell surface sialic acid inhibits HAdV-D26 infection, and provide a high-resolution crystal structure of HAdV-D26 fiber-knob in complex with sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Baker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rosie M. Mundy
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James A. Davies
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Pierre J. Rizkallah
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Kosulin K. Intestinal HAdV Infection: Tissue Specificity, Persistence, and Implications for Antiviral Therapy. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090804. [PMID: 31480296 PMCID: PMC6783822 DOI: 10.3390/v11090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) causes infections predominantly in early childhood and the tissue tropism of specific HAdV species determines the clinical manifestation, including infections of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and keratoconjunctivitis. Why HAdV shows such a tropism has not yet been fully elucidated, but in the intestine different mechanisms for virus entry or resistence to immune modulatory factors have been described. Recently identified antiviral strategies by interferons provide evidence about the repression of E1A and maybe even promote HAdV persistence. The presence of HAdV in a persistent status in the gut is of importance in the setting of pediatric stem cell transplant recipients where HAdV detection in stool usually preceds clinical signs and severe infections are related to mortality. The reactivation of persistent intestinal HAdV infections in these patients needs further investigation also with regard to successful therapy options. In addition, several newly identified recombinant HAdV types have been isolated from stool samples, thus raising the question of possible recombination events in the gut. In this review, intestinal HAdV infections are discussed in relation to the tissue tropism, persistence, recombination, and new in-vitro models to enhance the knowledge about virus–host interactions and support the development of new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kosulin
- Molecular Microbiology, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Shaheen MNF, Elmahdy EM, Chawla-Sarkar M. Quantitative PCR-based identification of enteric viruses contaminating fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21619-21628. [PMID: 31129895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fresh produce irrigated with surface water that may contain pathogens such as enteric viruses can lead to outbreaks of foodborne viral illnesses. In the current study, we performed real-time PCR (qPCR) to monitor the presence of enteric viruses such as human adenoviruses (HAdVs), hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus group A (RVA), and norovirus GI (NoV GI) in surface water and fresh produce that were grown using this surface water in Egypt. Samples were collected on four occasions from different sites located in the Delta and in Greater Cairo, Egypt. Of the 32 water samples and 128 fresh produce samples, 27/32 (84.3%) and 99/128 (77.3%), respectively, were positive for at least one virus. HAdV (30/32) with a mean viral load = 1.5 × 107 genome copies/L (GC/L) was the most commonly detected virus in water, followed by RVA (16/32, with a mean viral load = 2.7 × 105 GC/L), HAV (11/32, with a mean viral load = 1.2 × 104 GC /L), and NoV GI (10/32, with a mean viral load = 3.5 × 103 GC/L). Additionally, HAdV (71/128, with a mean viral load = 9.8 × 105 GC/g) was also the most commonly detected virus in the fresh produce, followed by NoV GI (43/128, with a mean viral load = 4.5 × 103 GC/g), HAV (33/128, with a mean viral load = 6.4 × 103 GC/g), and RVA (25/128, with a mean viral load = 1.5 × 104 GC/g). Our results indicate that fresh produce may be contaminated with a wide range of enteric viruses, and these viruses may originate from virus-contaminated irrigation water. Moreover, this fresh produce may serve as a potential vector for the transmission of viral foodborne illnesses. These findings are important for future risk assessment analysis related to water/foodborne viruses. Graphical abstract . Please provide caption for Graphical AbstractGraphical abstract showing sample collection and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N F Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Elmahdy M Elmahdy
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Scheme-XM, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Gong T, Wang HG, Shi Y, Zhou J, Xiao F, Liu SW, Li JX, Xu G, Zhang YN, Liu XQ, Xiong Y. The Epidemic Genotypes of Human Adenovirus in Outpatient Children with Adenoviral Conjunctivitis from 2011 to 2012 in Jiangxi, China. Intervirology 2019; 62:30-36. [PMID: 31117098 DOI: 10.1159/000499963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a common cause of viral conjunctivitis, making surveillance of them from sporadic cases of conjunctivitis important. METHODS To acquire a better understanding of the epidemic genotypes of HAdV in outpatient children with adenoviral conjunctivitis in Jiangxi Province, China (2011-2012), 179 samples from cases with a high suspicion of HAdV were analyzed by PCR. Samples confirmed to be HAdV-positive by PCR were cultured in Hep-2 cells to isolate the viruses, which were then identified through hexon gene sequencing. RESULTS The adenoviral conjunctivitis positivity rate was 74.86% (134/179), from which 71.64% (96/134) were infections in boys, and 92.54% (124/134) were infections in children under 5 years of age. Sixty-nine HAdV strains were isolated from the positive samples and 69 sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 33 strains (47.82%) clustered with HAdV-B7, 21 (30.43%) with HAdV-B3, 6 (8.70%) with HAdV-B55, 6 (8.70%) with HAdV-E4, 1 with HAdV-B21 (1.45%), 1 with HAdV-D37 (1.45%), and 1 with HAdV-D64 (1.45%). CONCLUSIONS This is the first identification of HAdV-B55 relating to adenoviral conjunctivitis in China. These findings provide a firm basis for future surveillance of adenoviral conjunctivitis in China or other East Asian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gong
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua-Gui Wang
- Jiangsu Macro and Micro Test Med-Tech Co., Ltd., Nantong, China.,Beijing Macro and Micro Test Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Shi-Wen Liu
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Li
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Ni Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China,
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20
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Pfortmueller CA, Barbani MT, Schefold JC, Hage E, Heim A, Zimmerli S. Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by human adenovirus B21: Report on 2 cases and literature review. J Crit Care 2019; 51:99-104. [PMID: 30798099 PMCID: PMC7172394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe pneumonia and ARDS caused by human adenovirus B21 infections (HAdV-B21) is a rare, but a devastating disease with rapid progression to multiorgan failure and death. However, only a few cases were reported so far. Infections appear associated with increased disease severity and higher mortality in infected critically ill patients. Possible factors contributing to infection are underlying psychiatric disease resulting in institutionalization of respective patients, and polytoxicomania. Controlled data on the therapy of severe adenovirus infections are lacking and remains experimental. In conclusion, data on HAdV-B21 infections causing severe pneumonia or ARDS are scarce. Controlled clinical trials on the therapy of adenovirus pneumonia are non existent and thus there is no established therapy so far. ICU physicians should be aware of this potentially devastating disease and further studies are needed.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/complications
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/diagnosis
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/diagnostic imaging
- Adenovirus Infections, Human/virology
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification
- Adult
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/complications
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/diagnosis
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/diagnostic imaging
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Andrea Pfortmueller
- Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Teresa Barbani
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbuehlstrasse 51, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joerg Christian Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Elias Hage
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert Heim
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stefan Zimmerli
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbuehlstrasse 51, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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21
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Divergent Evolution of E1A CR3 in Human Adenovirus Species D. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020143. [PMID: 30744049 PMCID: PMC6409611 DOI: 10.3390/v11020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus E1A is the first viral protein expressed during infection. E1A controls critical aspects of downstream viral gene expression and cell cycle deregulation, and its function is thought to be highly conserved among adenoviruses. Various bioinformatics analyses of E1A from 38 human adenoviruses of species D (HAdV-D), including likelihood clade model partitioning, provided highly significant evidence of divergence of HAdV-Ds into two distinct groups for the conserved region 3 (CR3), present only in the E1A 13S isoform. This variance within E1A 13S of HAdV-Ds was not found in any other human adenovirus (HAdV) species. By protein sequence and structural analysis, the zinc finger motif of E1A CR3, previously shown as critical for transcriptional activation, showed the greatest differences. Subsequent codon usage bias analysis revealed substantial divergence in E1A 13S between the two groups of HAdV-Ds, suggesting that these two sub-groups of HAdV-D evolved under different cellular conditions. Hence, HAdV-D E1A embodies a previously unappreciated evolutionary divergence among HAdVs.
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Gonzalez G, Yawata N, Aoki K, Kitaichi N. Challenges in management of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis with emerging recombinant human adenoviruses. J Clin Virol 2019; 112:1-9. [PMID: 30654207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) presents as severe conjunctival inflammations involving the cornea that can lead to the development of corneal opacities and blurred vision, which can persist for months. EKC is highly contagious and responsible for outbreaks worldwide, therefore accurate diagnosis and rapid containment are imperative. EKC is caused by a number of types within Human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D): 8, 37 and 64 (formerly known as 19a) and these types were considered the major causes of EKC for over fifty years. Nonetheless, recent improved molecular typing methodologies have identified recombinant HAdV-D types 53, 54 and 56, as newly emerging etiologic agents of EKC infections worldwide. EKC cases due to these recombinant types have potentially been underdiagnosed and underestimated as a source of new EKC outbreaks. Recombination events among circulating HAdV-D types represent a source of new infectious disease threats. Also, the growing number of adenoviral types enabled genomic and phenotypic comparisons to determine pathological properties related to EKC. This review covers the clinical features of EKC, current challenges in clinical practice and recent progress in EKC-related HAdV research, which focuses on the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonzalez
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Yawata
- Department of Medicine, Ophthalmology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University, Japan; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Koki Aoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan.
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23
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Wu T, Wu H, Zhao K, Hu C, Ge Y, Zhu X, Zhang X, Zhou M, Zhu F, Cui L. Rapid detection of human mastadenovirus species B by recombinase polymerase amplification assay. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:8. [PMID: 30621594 PMCID: PMC6325725 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an important component of the causative agent of respiratory tract infections, enteric and eye infections, Human mastadenoviruses (HAdVs) species B spread easily in the crowd. In this study, we developed a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for rapidly detecting HAdVs species B which was comprised of two different formats (real-time and lateral-flow device). Results This assay was confirmed to be able to detect 5 different HAdVs species B subtypes (HAdV-B3, HAdV-B7, HAdV-B11, HAdV-B14 and HAdV-B55) without cross-reactions with other subtypes and other respiratory tract pathogens. This RPA assay has not only highly sensitivity with low detection limit of 50 copies per reaction but also short reaction time (< 15 min per detection). Furthermore, the real-time RPA assay has excellent correlation with real-time PCR assay for detection of HAdVs species B presented in clinical samples. Conclusions Thus, the RPA assay developed in this study provides an effective and portable approach for the rapid detection of HAdVs species B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- Kunshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Kangchen Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chaoyou Hu
- Kunshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Yiyue Ge
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xingchen Zhang
- Kunshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology, Key Laboratories of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Ministry of Health), Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 172 JiangSu Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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αvβ3 Integrin Is Required for Efficient Infection of Epithelial Cells with Human Adenovirus Type 26. J Virol 2018; 93:JVI.01474-18. [PMID: 30333171 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01474-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are being explored as vectors for gene transfer and vaccination. Human adenovirus type 26 (HAdV26), which belongs to the largest subgroup of adenoviruses, species D, has a short fiber and a so-far-unknown natural tropism. Due to its low seroprevalence, HAdV26 has been considered a promising vector for the development of vaccines. Despite the fact that the in vivo safety and immunogenicity of HAdV26 have been extensively studied, the basic biology of the virus with regard to receptor use, cell attachment, internalization, and intracellular trafficking is poorly understood. In this work, we investigated the roles of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), CD46, and αv integrins in HAdV26 infection of human epithelial cell lines. By performing different gain- and loss-of-function studies, we found that αvβ3 integrin is required for efficient infection of epithelial cells by HAdV26, while CAR and CD46 did not increase the transduction efficiency of HAdV26. By studying intracellular trafficking of fluorescently labeled HAdV26 in A549 cells and A549-derived cell clones with stably increased expression of αvβ3 integrin, we observed that HAdV26 colocalizes with αvβ3 integrin and that increased αvβ3 integrin enhances internalization of HAdV26. Thus, we conclude that HAdV26 uses αvβ3 integrin as a receptor for infecting epithelial cells. These results give us new insight into the HAdV26 infection pathway and will be helpful in further defining HAdV-based vector manufacturing and vaccination strategies.IMPORTANCE Adenovirus-based vectors are used today for gene transfer and vaccination. HAdV26 has emerged as a promising candidate vector for development of vaccines due to its relatively low seroprevalence and its ability to induce potent immune responses against inserted transgenes. However, data regarding the basic biology of the virus, like receptor usage or intracellular trafficking, are limited. In this work, we found that efficient infection of human epithelial cell lines by HAdV26 requires the expression of the αvβ3 integrin. By studying intracellular trafficking of fluorescently labeled HAdV26 in a cell clone with stably increased expression of αvβ3 integrin, we observed that HAdV26 colocalizes with αvβ3 integrin and confirmed that αvβ3 integrin expression facilitates efficient HAdV26 internalization. These results will allow further improvement of HAdV26-based vectors for gene transfer and vaccination.
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25
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Primo D, Pacheco GT, Timenetsky MDCST, Luchs A. Surveillance and molecular characterization of human adenovirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis in the era of rotavirus vaccine, Brazil, 2012–2017. J Clin Virol 2018; 109:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Li D, Tian G, Wang J, Zhao LY, Co O, Underill ZC, Mymryk JS, Claessens F, Dehm SM, Daaka Y, Liao D. Inhibition of androgen receptor transactivation function by adenovirus type 12 E1A undermines prostate cancer cell survival. Prostate 2018; 78:1140-1156. [PMID: 30009471 PMCID: PMC6424568 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations or truncation of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of androgen receptor (AR) underlie treatment resistance for prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, targeting the AR N-terminal domain (NTD) could overcome such resistance. METHODS Luciferase reporter assays after transient transfection of various DNA constructs were used to assess effects of E1A proteins on AR-mediated transcription. Immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation were applied to assess intracellular protein localization. Immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assays were used to detect protein-protein interactions. qRT-PCR was employed to determine RNA levels. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression in cells. Effects of adenoviruses on prostate cancer cell survival were evaluated with CellTiter-Glo assays. RESULTS Adenovirus 12 E1A (E1A12) binds specifically to the AR. Interestingly, the full-length E1A12 (266 aa) preferentially binds to full-length AR, while the small E1A12 variant (235 aa) interacts more strongly with AR-V7. E1A12 promotes AR nuclear translocation, likely through mediating intramolecular AR NTD-LBD interactions. In the nucleus, AR and E1A12 co-expression in AR-null PCa cells results in E1A12 redistribution from nuclear foci containing CBX4 (also known as Pc2), suggesting a preferential AR-E1A12 interaction over other E1A12 interactors. E1A12 represses AR-mediated transcription in reporter gene assays and endogenous AR target genes such as ATAD2 and MYC in AR-expressing PCa cells. AR-expressing PCa cells are more sensitive to death induced by a recombinant adenovirus expressing E1A12 (Ad-E1A12) than AR-deficient PCa cells, which could be attributed to the increased viral replication promoted by androgen stimulation. Targeting the AR by E1A12 promotes apoptosis in PCa cells that express the full-length AR or C-terminally truncated AR variants. Importantly, inhibition of mTOR signaling that blocks the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins markedly augments Ad-E1A12-induced apoptosis of AR-expressing cells. Mechanistically, Ad-E1A12 infection triggers apoptotic response while activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis; thus, mTOR inhibition enhances apoptosis in AR-expressing PCa cells infected by Ad-E1A12. CONCLUSION Ad12 E1A inhibits AR-mediated transcription and suppresses PCa cell survival, suggesting that targeting the AR by E1A12 might have therapeutic potential for treating advanced PCa with heightened AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Guimei Tian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
- Affiliated Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lisa Y. Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
- Present address: Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Olivia Co
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Zoe C. Underill
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 PO box 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Yehia Daaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Daiqing Liao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UF Health Cancer Center and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
- Corresponding author: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0235, , Phone: 352-273-8188, Fax: 352-846-1248
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27
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Kenmoe S, Vernet MA, Le Goff J, Penlap VB, Vabret A, Njouom R. Molecular characterization of human adenovirus associated with acute respiratory infections in Cameroon from 2011 to 2014. Virol J 2018; 15:153. [PMID: 30285778 PMCID: PMC6171299 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of diseases worldwide, including respiratory infections. Studies on HAdV molecular epidemiology are limited in Cameroon. The purpose of this study is to document the different types HAdV circulating in Cameroon in children with acute respiratory infections. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 811 children under 15 years from 2011 to 2014. The HAdV detection was assessed by semi-quantitative generic PCR r-gene®. The HAdV-positive samples were typed by amplification and sequencing of partial hexon gene and a real-time PCR. Demographic data were collected and analyzed. The infection and hospitalization risk factors were assessed thought the Chi-square test. Results A total of 137/220 HAdV-positive samples were amplified successfully. Six species of HAdV (Mastadenovirus A to F) were detected with B (108/220) and C (47/220) being the predominant strains. Hospitalization and age were significantly associated to HAdV-B and HAdV-C respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of HAdV-B3 virus (18) and B7 (5) shows a conserved and a significant temporal stability in relation to the reference sequence (99.1 to 100% of similarity). Conclusion This study reported HAdV species and types detected in children with acute respiratory infections in Cameroon between September 2011 and July 2014. These results support further evaluation of the spatio-temporal circulation pattern of HAdV species and types in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Kenmoe
- Virology Department, "Centre Pasteur du Cameroun", P.O.Box 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Département de Biochimie, Université de Yaoundé 1, BP 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.,UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, GRAM, 14000, Caen, France.,University Hospital of Caen, Department of Virology, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Marie-Astrid Vernet
- Virology Department, "Centre Pasteur du Cameroun", P.O.Box 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Astrid Vabret
- Normandie Université, 14032, Caen, France.,UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, GRAM, 14000, Caen, France.,University Hospital of Caen, Department of Virology, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, "Centre Pasteur du Cameroun", P.O.Box 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon.
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28
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Ismail AM, Lee JS, Lee JY, Singh G, Dyer DW, Seto D, Chodosh J, Rajaiya J. Adenoviromics: Mining the Human Adenovirus Species D Genome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2178. [PMID: 30254627 PMCID: PMC6141750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) infections cause disease world-wide. Whole genome sequencing has now distinguished 90 distinct genotypes in 7 species (A-G). Over half of these 90 HAdVs fall within species D, with essentially all of the HAdV-D whole genome sequences generated in the last decade. Herein, we describe recent new findings made possible by mining of this expanded genome database, and propose future directions to elucidate new functional elements and new functions for previously known viral components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafali M Ismail
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ji Sun Lee
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeong Yoon Lee
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Molecular Virology Laboratory, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David W Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Donald Seto
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VI, United States
| | - James Chodosh
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Howe Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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29
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Bacterial RecA Protein Promotes Adenoviral Recombination during In Vitro Infection. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00105-18. [PMID: 29925671 PMCID: PMC6010623 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00105-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are common human mucosal pathogens of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts and ocular surface. Here, we report finding Chi-like sequences in adenovirus recombination hot spots. Adenovirus coinfection in the presence of bacterial RecA protein facilitated homologous recombination between viruses. Genetic recombination led to evolution of an important external feature on the adenoviral capsid, namely, the penton base protein hypervariable loop 2, which contains the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif critical to viral internalization. We speculate that free Rec proteins present in gastrointestinal secretions upon bacterial cell death facilitate the evolution of human adenoviruses through homologous recombination, an example of viral commensalism and the complexity of virus-host interactions, including regional microbiota. Adenovirus infections in humans are common and sometimes lethal. Adenovirus-derived vectors are also commonly chosen for gene therapy in human clinical trials. We have shown in previous work that homologous recombination between adenoviral genomes of human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D), the largest and fastest growing HAdV species, is responsible for the rapid evolution of this species. Because adenovirus infection initiates in mucosal epithelia, particularly at the gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, and ocular surfaces, we sought to determine a possible role for mucosal microbiota in adenovirus genome diversity. By analysis of known recombination hot spots across 38 human adenovirus genomes in species D (HAdV-D), we identified nucleotide sequence motifs similar to bacterial Chi sequences, which facilitate homologous recombination in the presence of bacterial Rec enzymes. These motifs, referred to here as ChiAD, were identified immediately 5′ to the sequence encoding penton base hypervariable loop 2, which expresses the arginine-glycine-aspartate moiety critical to adenoviral cellular entry. Coinfection with two HAdV-Ds in the presence of an Escherichia coli lysate increased recombination; this was blocked in a RecA mutant strain, E. coli DH5α, or upon RecA depletion. Recombination increased in the presence of E. coli lysate despite a general reduction in viral replication. RecA colocalized with viral DNA in HAdV-D-infected cell nuclei and was shown to bind specifically to ChiAD sequences. These results indicate that adenoviruses may repurpose bacterial recombination machinery, a sharing of evolutionary mechanisms across a diverse microbiota, and unique example of viral commensalism. IMPORTANCE Adenoviruses are common human mucosal pathogens of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts and ocular surface. Here, we report finding Chi-like sequences in adenovirus recombination hot spots. Adenovirus coinfection in the presence of bacterial RecA protein facilitated homologous recombination between viruses. Genetic recombination led to evolution of an important external feature on the adenoviral capsid, namely, the penton base protein hypervariable loop 2, which contains the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif critical to viral internalization. We speculate that free Rec proteins present in gastrointestinal secretions upon bacterial cell death facilitate the evolution of human adenoviruses through homologous recombination, an example of viral commensalism and the complexity of virus-host interactions, including regional microbiota.
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30
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Cheng Z, Yan Y, Jing S, Li WG, Chen WW, Zhang J, Li M, Zhao S, Cao N, Ou J, Zhao S, Wu X, Cao B, Zhang Q. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Re-emergent Human Adenovirus Type 55 Pathogens Associated With Adult Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia Reveals Conserved Genomes and Capsid Proteins. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1180. [PMID: 29922263 PMCID: PMC5996824 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-B55) is a recently identified acute respiratory disease (ARD) pathogen in HAdV species B with a recombinant genome between renal HAdV-B11 and respiratory HAdV-B14. Since HAdV-B55 first appeared in China school in 2006, no more ARD cases associated with it had been reported until 2011, when there was an outbreak of adult severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Beijing, China. Reported here is the bioinformatics analysis of the re-emergent HAdV-B55 responsible for this outbreak. Recombination and protein sequence analysis re-confirmed that this isolate (BJ01) was a recombinant virus with the capsid hexon gene from HAdV-B11. The selection pressures for the three capsid proteins, i.e., hexon, penton base, and fiber genes, were all negative, along with very low non-synonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitutions/site (<0.0007). Phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome and the three major capsid genes of HAdV-B55 revealed the close phylogenetic relationship among all HAdV-B55 strains. Comparative genomic analysis of this re-emergent HAdV-B55 strain (BJ01; 2011) with the first HAdV-B55 strain (QS-DLL; 2006) showed the high genome identity (99.87%), including 10 single-nucleotide non-synonymous substitutions, 11 synonymous substitutions, 3 insertions, and one deletion in non-coding regions. The major non-synonymous substitutions (6 of 10) occurred in the protein pVI in its L3 region, which protein has different functions at various stages of an adenovirus infection, and may be associated with the population distribution of HAdV-B55 infection. No non-synonymous substitutions were found in the three major capsid proteins, which proteins are responsible for type-specific neutralizing antibodies. Comparative genomic analysis of the re-emergent HAdV-B55 strains associated with adult severe CAP revealed conserved genome and capsid proteins, providing the foundation for the development of effective vaccines against this pathogen. This study also facilitates the further investigation of HAdV-B55 epidemiology, molecular evolution, patterns of pathogen emergence and re-emergence, and the predication of genome recombination between adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Cheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuping Jing
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Gang Li
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Cao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxian Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhui Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbo Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Lamson BS DM, Kajon AE, Shudt M, Quinn M, Newman A, Whitehouse J, Greenko J, Adams E, St. George K. Molecular typing and whole genome next generation sequencing of human adenovirus 8 strains recovered from four 2012 outbreaks of keratoconjunctivitis in New York State. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1471-1477. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana E. Kajon
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute; Infectious Disease Program; Albuquerque New Mexico
| | - Matthew Shudt
- Wadsworth Center; New York State Department of Health; Albany New York
| | - Monica Quinn
- Healthcare Epidemiology and Infection Control Program; New York State Department of Health; Albany New York
| | - Alexandra Newman
- Bureau of Communicable Disease Control; New York State Department of Health; Albany New York
| | - Joan Whitehouse
- Healthcare Epidemiology and Infection Control Program; New York State Department of Health; New Rochelle New York
| | - Jane Greenko
- Healthcare Epidemiology and Infection Control Program; New York State Department of Health; Long Island New York
| | - Eleanor Adams
- Healthcare Epidemiology and Infection Control Program; New York State Department of Health; New Rochelle New York
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Li J, Lu X, Jiang B, Du Y, Yang Y, Qian H, Liu B, Lin C, Jia L, Chen L, Wang Q. Adenovirus-associated acute conjunctivitis in Beijing, China, 2011-2013. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:135. [PMID: 29558885 PMCID: PMC5859447 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adenovirus (HAdV)-associated acute conjunctivitis is a common infectious disease and causes significant morbidity among residents in Beijing, China. However, little is known about the epidemiology and type distribution of acute adenoviral conjunctivitis in Beijing. METHODS Acute conjunctivitis surveillance was conducted in 18 hospitals in Beijing from July through October during 2011-2013. HAdVs were detected by PCR from eye swab and types were determined by partial hexon and fiber gene sequencing. Risk factors associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis were analyzed. RESULTS Of 876 conjunctivitis cases, 349 (39.8%) were HAdV positive. HAdV detection was most common in conjunctivitis patients aged 18-40 years; patients with contact history with a conjunctivitis case; patients with specimen collected on days 4-6 post symptom onset and patients who worked in food service as catering attendants. Fifteen types were identified among adenoviral conjunctivitis cases. Five HAdV types (HAdV-4, - 37, - 53, - 64 and - 8) accounted for 81.1% of all adenoviral conjunctivitis cases. HAdV-37, - 4 and - 53 were the most common types associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. CONCLUSION Multiple HAdV types were associated with acute conjunctivitis in Beijing. Predominant types associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis circulating in Beijing varied from year to year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Yiwei Du
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haikun Qian
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiwei Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Changying Lin
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China. .,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China. .,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Genomic analysis of a large set of currently-and historically-important human adenovirus pathogens. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:10. [PMID: 29410402 PMCID: PMC5837155 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-017-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are uniquely important “model organisms” as they have been used to elucidate fundamental biological processes, are recognized as complex pathogens, and are used as remedies for human health. As pathogens, HAdVs may effect asymptomatic or mild and severe symptomatic disease upon their infection of respiratory, ocular, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. High-resolution genomic data have enhanced the understanding of HAdV epidemiology, with recombination recognized as an important and major pathway in the molecular evolution and genesis of emergent HAdV pathogens. To support this view and to actualize an algorithm for identifying, characterizing, and typing novel HAdVs, we determined the DNA sequence of 95 isolates from archives containing historically important pathogens and collections housing currently circulating strains to be sequenced. Of the 85 samples that were completely sequenced, 18 novel recombinants within species HAdV-B and D were identified. Two HAdV-D genomes were found to contain novel penton base and fiber genes with significant divergence from known molecular types. In this data set, we found additional isolates of HAdV-D53 and HAdV-D58, two novel genotypes recognized recently using genomics. This supports the thesis that novel HAdV genotypes are not limited to “one-time” appearances of the prototype but are of importance in HAdV epidemiology. These data underscore the significance of lateral genomic transfer in HAdV evolution and reinforce the potential public health impact of novel genotypes of HAdVs emerging in the population.
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Duffy MR, Alonso-Padilla J, John L, Chandra N, Khan S, Ballmann MZ, Lipiec A, Heemskerk E, Custers J, Arnberg N, Havenga M, Baker AH, Lemckert A. Generation and characterization of a novel candidate gene therapy and vaccination vector based on human species D adenovirus type 56. J Gen Virol 2017; 99:135-147. [PMID: 29154744 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The vectorization of rare human adenovirus (HAdV) types will widen our knowledge of this family and their interaction with cells, tissues and organs. In this study we focus on HAdV-56, a member of human Ad species D, and create ease-of-use cloning systems to generate recombinant HAdV-56 vectors carrying foreign genes. We present in vitro transduction profiles for HAdV-56 in direct comparison to the most commonly used HAdV-5-based vector. In vivo characterizations demonstrate that when it is delivered intravenously (i.v.) HAdV-56 mainly targets the spleen and, to a lesser extent, the lungs, whilst largely bypassing liver transduction in mice. HAdV-56 triggered robust inflammatory and cellular immune responses, with higher induction of IFNγ, TNFα, IL5, IL6, IP10, MCP1 and MIG1 compared to HAdV-5 following i.v. administration. We also investigated its potential as a vaccine vector candidate by performing prime immunizations in mice with HAdV-56 encoding luciferase (HAdV-56-Luc). Direct comparisons were made to HAdV-26, a highly potent human vaccine vector currently in phase II clinical trials. HAdV-56-Luc induced luciferase 'antigen'-specific IFNγ-producing cells and anti-HAdV-56 neutralizing antibodies in Balb/c mice, demonstrating a near identical profile to that of HAdV-26. Taken together, the data presented provides further insight into human Ad receptor/co-receptor usage, and the first report on HAdV-56 vectors and their potential for gene therapy and vaccine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Duffy
- Batavia Biosciences BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Present address: Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in International Health (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona -University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lijo John
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Naresh Chandra
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Selina Khan
- Viral Vaccine Discovery and Early Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jerome Custers
- Viral Vaccine Discovery and Early Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | - Andrew H Baker
- Present address: Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Espínola EE, Barrios JC, Russomando G, Mirazo S, Arbiza J. Computational analysis of a species D human adenovirus provides evidence of a novel virus. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2810-2820. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio E. Espínola
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Julio C. Barrios
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Graciela Russomando
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Kaján GL, Kajon AE, Pinto AC, Bartha D, Arnberg N. The complete genome sequence of human adenovirus 84, a highly recombinant new Human mastadenovirus D type with a unique fiber gene. Virus Res 2017; 242:79-84. [PMID: 28923509 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel human adenovirus was isolated from a pediatric case of acute respiratory disease in Panama City, Panama in 2011. The clinical isolate was initially identified as an intertypic recombinant based on hexon and fiber gene sequencing. Based on the analysis of its complete genome sequence, the novel complex recombinant Human mastadenovirus D (HAdV-D) strain was classified into a new HAdV type: HAdV-84, and it was designated Adenovirus D human/PAN/P309886/2011/84[P43H17F84]. HAdV-D types possess usually an ocular or gastrointestinal tropism, and respiratory association is scarcely reported. The virus has a novel fiber type, most closely related to, but still clearly distant from that of HAdV-36. The predicted fiber is hypothesised to bind sialic acid with lower affinity compared to HAdV-37. Bioinformatic analysis of the complete genomic sequence of HAdV-84 revealed multiple homologous recombination events and provided deeper insight into HAdV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző L Kaján
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden; Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
| | - Alexis Castillo Pinto
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Calle 36 Este, Panamá, Panama
| | - Dániel Bartha
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden
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Staggemeier R, Heck TMS, Demoliner M, Ritzel RGF, Röhnelt NMS, Girardi V, Venker CA, Spilki FR. Enteric viruses and adenovirus diversity in waters from 2016 Olympic venues. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:304-312. [PMID: 28185736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rio de Janeiro's inner and coastal waters are heavily impacted by human sewage pollution for decades. Enteric viruses, including human adenoviruses (HAdV), human enterovirus (EV), group A rotavirus (RV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are more likely to be found in contaminated surface waters. The present work aimed to assess the frequency and loads of EV, HAdV-C and -F species, RV and HAV in sand and water samples from venues used during the 2016 Summer Olympics and by tourists attending the event. Sixteen monthly collections were carried out from March 2015 to July 2016 in 12 different sites from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Total and thermotolerant coliform counting was performed along molecular detection of virus was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Analyses of all samples were further investigated by integrated cell culture PCR to check about the presence of HAdV infectious virus particles. The results show that 95.9% of water samples showed contamination with at least one type of virus. Regarding the viruses individually (% for water and sand respectively): HAdV-C (93.1%-57.8%), HAdV-F (25.3%-0%), RV (12.3%-4.4%), EV (26.7%-8.8%) and HAV (0%). The viral loads ranged from 103gc/L up to 109gc/L (water), and 103gc/g to 106gc/g (sand). In the phylogenetic tree, were classified into four main clusters, referring to species C, D, F and BAdV. And up to 90% of sites studied presented at least once presence of infectious HAdV-C. The most contaminated points were the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, where Olympic rowing took place, and the Marina da Glória, the starting point for the sailing races, demonstrating serious problem of fecal contamination of water resources and threatens the health of Olympic athletes, tourists and residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Staggemeier
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M S Heck
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Meriane Demoliner
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Rute G F Ritzel
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Nicole M S Röhnelt
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Viviane Girardi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina A Venker
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, ERS 239 no. 2755, Novo Hamburgo, RS 93352-000, Brazil.
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Wong M, Woolford L, Hasan NH, Hemmatzadeh F. A Novel Recombinant Canine Adenovirus Type 1 Detected from Acute Lethal Cases of Infectious Canine Hepatitis. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:258-263. [PMID: 28426340 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) from two acute fatal cases of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were analyzed using molecular detection and sequencing of the pVIII, E3, and fiber protein genes. Pathological findings in affected dogs were typical for CAdV-1 associated disease, characterized by severe centrilobular to panlobular necrohemorrhagic hepatitis and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the terminal stages of disease. Comparison of partial genome sequences revealed that although these newly detected viruses mainly had CAdV-1 genome characteristics, their pVIII gene was more similar to that of CAdV-2. This likely suggests that a recombination has occurred between CAdV-1 and CAdV-2, which possibly explains the cause of vaccine failure or increased virulence of the virus in the observed ICH cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdelene Wong
- 1 School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- 1 School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Noor Haliza Hasan
- 1 School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia .,2 Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah , Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Farhid Hemmatzadeh
- 1 School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia
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Shah MS, Ashraf A, Khan MI, Rahman M, Habib M, Chughtai MI, Qureshi JA. Fowl adenovirus: history, emergence, biology and development of a vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1833-1843. [PMID: 28283816 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The poultry industry has emerged as one of the largest and fastest growing public sectors in the developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, this industry is under a major threat from diseases that are viral (Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, influenza, hydropericardium syndrome), bacterial (colibacillosis, pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, mycoplasmosis), parasitic (coccidiosis, histoplasmosis) or nutritional (dyschondroplasia, osteoporosis). Among these diseases, hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) is one of the important emerging diseases occurring in the specific areas of the world where broilers (chickens) are reared under intensive conditions. HPS was first observed in 1987 at Angara Goth, an area near Karachi, Pakistan, where broilers are raised. Since then, HPS has been reported in many countries of the world. From these reported cases, an adenovirus that was either isolated from or visualized electron microscopically in the liver of affected broilers has been implicated in the syndrome. The syndrome has been reproduced by inoculation of isolated fowl adenovirus (FAdV) strains, and hence, the syndrome is also called infectious hydropericardium syndrome. To our knowledge, HPS has not been observed in humans, so it is not considered a zoonotic disease, but it is of economic importance and causes huge losses to the poultry industry. Efforts have been made to develop conventional vaccines against this disease, which were formulated from infected liver homogenate. Formalin-inactivated liver organ vaccines have failed to protect the poultry industry. Hence, there is a dire need to develop a suitable vaccine to combat this disease. Currently, recombinant vaccine candidates are being developed by using molecular biology and biotechnological approaches for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including HPS. Therefore, it is suggested that the immunogenicity of these recombinant proteins should be evaluated for their use as subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Shah
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - A Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, G.C University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M I Khan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - M Rahman
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Habib
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M I Chughtai
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - J A Qureshi
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- University of Lahore, Defense Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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A bioinformatics pipeline to search functional motifs within whole-proteome data: a case study of poxviruses. Virus Genes 2016; 53:173-178. [PMID: 28000080 PMCID: PMC5357487 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteins harbor domains or short linear motifs, which facilitate their functions and interactions. Finding functional motifs in protein sequences could predict the putative cellular roles or characteristics of hypothetical proteins. In this study, we present Shetti-Motif, which is an interactive tool to (i) map UniProt and PROSITE flat files, (ii) search for multiple pre-defined consensus patterns or experimentally validated functional motifs in large datasets protein sequences (proteome-wide), (iii) search for motifs containing repeated residues (low-complexity regions, e.g., Leu-, SR-, PEST-rich motifs, etc.). As proof of principle, using this comparative proteomics pipeline, eleven proteomes encoded by member of Poxviridae family were searched against about 100 experimentally validated functional motifs. The closely related viruses and viruses infect the same host cells (e.g. vaccinia and variola viruses) show similar motif-containing proteins profile. The motifs encoded by these viruses are correlated, which explains why poxviruses are able to interact with wide range of host cells. In conclusion, this in silico analysis is useful to establish a dataset(s) or potential proteins for further investigation or compare between species.
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Genome Sequence of a Cynomolgus Macaque Adenovirus (CynAdV-1) Isolate from a Primate Colony in the United Kingdom. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01193-16. [PMID: 27811094 PMCID: PMC5095464 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01193-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The genome sequence of a simian adenovirus from a cynomolgus macaque, denoted CynAdV-1, is presented here. Phylogenetic analysis supports CynAdV-1 in an independent clade, comprising a new simian adenovirus (SAdV) species. These genome data are critical for understanding the evolution and relationships of primate adenoviruses, including zoonosis and emergent human pathogens.
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Selection Pressure in the Human Adenovirus Fiber Knob Drives Cell Specificity in Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis. J Virol 2016; 90:9598-9607. [PMID: 27512073 PMCID: PMC5068513 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01010-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) contain seven species (HAdV-A to -G), each associated with specific disease conditions. Among these, HAdV-D includes those viruses associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a severe ocular surface infection. The reasons for corneal tropism for some but not all HAdV-Ds are not known. The fiber protein is a major capsid protein; its C-terminal "knob" mediates binding with host cell receptors to facilitate subsequent viral entry. In a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of HAdV-D capsid genes, fiber knob gene sequences of HAdV-D types associated with EKC formed a unique clade. By proteotyping analysis, EKC virus-associated fiber knobs were uniquely shared. Comparative structural modeling showed no distinct variations in fiber knobs of EKC types but did show variation among HAdV-Ds in a region overlapping with the known CD46 binding site in HAdV-B. We also found signature amino acid positions that distinguish EKC from non-EKC types, and by in vitro studies we showed that corneal epithelial cell tropism can be predicted by the presence of a lysine or alanine at residue 240. This same amino acid residue in EKC viruses shows evidence for positive selection, suggesting that evolutionary pressure enhances fitness in corneal infection, and may be a molecular determinant in EKC pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Viruses adapt various survival strategies to gain entry into target host cells. Human adenovirus (HAdV) types are associated with distinct disease conditions, yet evidence for connections between genotype and cellular tropism is generally lacking. Here, we provide a structural and evolutionary basis for the association between specific genotypes within HAdV species D and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, a severe ocular surface infection. We find that HAdV-D fiber genes of major EKC pathogens, specifically the fiber knob gene region, share a distinct phylogenetic clade. Deeper analysis of the fiber gene revealed that evolutionary pressure at crucial amino acid sites has a significant impact on its structural conformation, which is likely important in host cell binding and entry. Specific amino acids in hot spot residues provide a link to ocular cell tropism and possibly to corneal pathogenesis.
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Moallem M, Song E, Jaggi P, Conces MR, Kajon AE, Sánchez PJ. Adenovirus and "Culture-Negative Sepsis" in a Preterm Neonate. AJP Rep 2016; 6:e417-e420. [PMID: 27924246 PMCID: PMC5138071 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory viral infections remain an underrecognized cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Case Report An eight day old, 650 gram birth weight, 23 weeks' gestational age female developed "culture-negative" sepsis manifested by respiratory deterioration, hypoxia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. She was diagnosed with pneumonia and hepatitis due to adenovirus HAdV-D (H29F9) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, but died at the age of 18 days despite treatment with cidofovir and immune globulin intravenous. Conclusion As the ability to diagnosis respiratory viral infections in the NICU has improved greatly with the use of PCR testing, the impact and contribution of these viruses to neonatal disease is now being recognized and the notion of "culture-negative" sepsis needs reassessment. The diagnosis of these infections in high risk infants is important not only for etiologic and epidemiologic reasons but ultimately for informing antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Moallem
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eunkyung Song
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Preeti Jaggi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Miriam R Conces
- Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Infectious Disease Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Pablo J Sánchez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Lynch JP, Kajon AE. Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Serotypes, and Advances in Treatment and Prevention. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37:586-602. [PMID: 27486739 PMCID: PMC7171713 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (AdVs) are DNA viruses that typically cause mild infections involving the upper or lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or conjunctiva. Rare manifestations of AdV infections include hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, nephritis, or meningoencephalitis. AdV infections are more common in young children, due to lack of humoral immunity. Epidemics of AdV infection may occur in healthy children or adults in closed or crowded settings (particularly military recruits). The disease is more severe and dissemination is more likely in patients with impaired immunity (e.g., organ transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus infection). Fatality rates for untreated severe AdV pneumonia or disseminated disease may exceed 50%. More than 50 serotypes of AdV have been identified. Different serotypes display different tissue tropisms that correlate with clinical manifestations of infection. The predominant serotypes circulating at a given time differ among countries or regions, and change over time. Transmission of novel strains between countries or across continents and replacement of dominant viruses by new strains may occur. Treatment of AdV infections is controversial, as prospective, randomized therapeutic trials have not been conducted. Cidofovir is the drug of choice for severe AdV infections, but not all patients require treatment. Live oral vaccines are highly efficacious in reducing the risk of respiratory AdV infection and are in routine use in the military in the United States, but currently are not available to civilians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adriana E Kajon
- Department of Infectious Disease, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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46
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Fedaoui N, Ben Ayed N, Ben Yahia A, Hammami W, Matri L, Nacef L, Triki H. Molecular detection and characterization through analysis of the hexon and fiber genes of Adenoviruses causing conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa. J Med Virol 2016; 89:304-312. [PMID: 27364564 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common causes of conjunctivitis. This study describes the epidemiological features and characterizes by phylogenetic analysis HAdVs isolated from patients with conjunctivitis in Tunisia, North Africa. Data on out-patients presenting with conjunctivitis during 2 years (2012-2013) were analyzed. Conjunctival swabs obtained from 240 patients were assessed for the presence of HAdVs by PCR amplification on the fiber and hexon genes. Positive PCR products, together with those of nine viral isolates from previous years, were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Conjunctivitis represented 11.5% of all reasons of consultations with a slight increase between mid-March and mid-June. Sixty-five percent of samples (n = 156) revealed positive by at least one PCR test. PCR amplification in the hexon gene was slightly more sensitive as compared to the fiber gene. Genotyping in the two genomic regions gave concordant results for almost all isolates. HAdV-D8 was the most predominant genotype (87.6%) and was detected continuously from 2000 to 2013. Minor co-circulating genotypes including HAdV-E4, HAdV-B3, HAdV-B55, and HAdV-D37 were identified; most of them were detected by amplification in the hexon gene. In conclusion, this work reports molecular data on adenoviral conjunctivitis from a region where such information is scarce and contributes to a better knowledge of the worldwide distribution of causative genotypes. It revealed a predominance and endemic circulation of HAdV-D8, a genotype that was mainly reported from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. It shows that PCR amplification in two different genomic regions enhances the sensitivity of HAdV detection in clinical samples and the identification of minor genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 89:304-312, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fedaoui
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Ahlem Ben Yahia
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Hammami
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila Matri
- Institute of Ophtalmology Hedi Raies, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila Nacef
- Institute of Ophtalmology Hedi Raies, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Triki
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Rames E, Roiko A, Stratton H, Macdonald J. Technical aspects of using human adenovirus as a viral water quality indicator. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:308-26. [PMID: 27065054 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in water treatment technologies in developed countries, waterborne viruses are still associated with many of cases of illness each year. These illnesses include gastroenteritis, meningitis, encephalitis, and respiratory infections. Importantly, outbreaks of viral disease from waters deemed compliant from bacterial indicator testing still occur, which highlights the need to monitor the virological quality of water. Human adenoviruses are often used as a viral indicator of water quality (faecal contamination), as this pathogen has high UV-resistance and is prevalent in untreated domestic wastewater all year round, unlike enteroviruses and noroviruses that are often only detected in certain seasons. Standard methods for recovering and measuring adenovirus numbers in water are lacking, and there are many variations in published methods. Since viral numbers are likely under-estimated when optimal methods are not used, a comprehensive review of these methods is both timely and important. This review critically evaluates how estimates of adenovirus numbers in water are impacted by technical manipulations, such as during adenovirus concentration and detection (including culturing and polymerase-chain reaction). An understanding of the implications of these issues is fundamental to obtaining reliable estimation of adenovirus numbers in water. Reliable estimation of HAdV numbers is critical to enable improved monitoring of the efficacy of water treatment processes, accurate quantitative microbial risk assessment, and to ensure microbiological safety of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rames
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Anne Roiko
- School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia; Smart Water Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Edmund Rice Drive, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Helen Stratton
- Smart Water Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Edmund Rice Drive, Queensland, 4222, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Joanne Macdonald
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia; Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Afkhami S, Yao Y, Xing Z. Methods and clinical development of adenovirus-vectored vaccines against mucosal pathogens. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16030. [PMID: 27162933 PMCID: PMC4847555 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses represent the most widely used viral-vectored platform for vaccine design, showing a great potential in the fight against intracellular infectious diseases to which either there is a lack of effective vaccines or the traditional vaccination strategy is suboptimal. The extensive understanding of the molecular biology of adenoviruses has made the new technologies and reagents available to efficient generation of adenoviral-vectored vaccines for both preclinical and clinical evaluation. The novel adenoviral vectors including nonhuman adenoviral vectors have emerged to be the further improved vectors for vaccine design. In this review, we discuss the latest adenoviral technologies and their utilization in vaccine development. We particularly focus on the application of adenoviral-vectored vaccines in mucosal immunization strategies against mucosal pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, flu virus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Afkhami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yushi Yao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Fedaoui N, Ayed NB, Yahia AB, Hammami W, Touzi H, Triki H. Genetic variability of human adenovirus type 8 causing epidemic and sporadic cases of keratoconjunctivitis. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1469-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Oude Munnink BB, van der Hoek L. Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis: The Known, The New and Those Beyond. Viruses 2016; 8:E42. [PMID: 26867198 PMCID: PMC4776197 DOI: 10.3390/v8020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The list of recently discovered gastrointestinal viruses is expanding rapidly. Whether these agents are actually involved in a disease such as diarrhea is the essential question, yet difficult to answer. In this review a summary of all viruses found in diarrhea is presented, together with the current knowledge about their connection to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas B Oude Munnink
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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