1
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Gallichotte EN, Henein S, Nivarthi U, Delacruz M, Scobey T, Bonaparte M, Moser J, Munteanu A, Baric R, de Silva AM. Vaccine-induced antibodies to contemporary strains of dengue virus type 4 show a mechanistic correlate of protective immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110930. [PMID: 35675766 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses of humans. Several live-attenuated tetravalent DENV vaccines are at different stages of clinical development and approval. In children with no baseline immunity to DENVs, a leading vaccine (Dengvaxia) is efficacious against vaccine-matched DENV4 genotype II (GII) strains but not vaccine-mismatched DENV4 GI viruses. We use a panel of recombinant DENV4 viruses displaying GI or GII envelope (E) proteins to map Dengvaxia-induced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) linked to protection. The vaccine stimulated antibodies that neutralize the DENV4 GII virus better than the GI virus. The neutralization differences map to 5 variable amino acids on the E protein located within a region targeted by DENV4 NAbs, supporting a mechanistic role for these epitope-specific NAbs in protection. In children with no baseline immunity to DENVs, levels of DENV4 serotype- and genotype-specific NAbs induced by vaccination are predictive of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sandra Henein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Usha Nivarthi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Delacruz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Huang Y, Williamson BD, Moodie Z, Carpp LN, Chambonneau L, DiazGranados CA, Gilbert PB. Analysis of Neutralizing Antibodies as a Correlate of Instantaneous Risk of Hospitalized Dengue in Placebo Recipients of Dengue Vaccine Efficacy Trials. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:332-340. [PMID: 34174082 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the CYD14 (NCT01373281) and CYD15 (NCT01374516) dengue vaccine efficacy trials, Month 13 neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers correlated inversely with risk of symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) between Month 13 (one month post-final-dose) and Month 25. We assessed nAb titer as a correlate of instantaneous risk of hospitalized VCD (HVCD), for which participants were continually surveilled for 72 months. METHODS Using longitudinal nAb titers from the per-protocol immunogenicity subsets, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of HVCD by current nAb titer value for three correlate/endpoint pairs: average titer across all four serotypes/HVCD of any serotype (HVCD-Any), serotype-specific titer/homologous HVCD, and serotype-specific titer/heterologous HVCD. RESULTS Baseline-seropositive placebo recipients with higher average titer had lower instantaneous risk of HVCD-Any in 2-16-year-olds and in 9-16-year-olds (HR 0.26 or 0.15 per 10-fold increase in average titer by two methods, 95% CIs 0.14 to 0.45 and 0.07 to 0.34, respectively) pooled across both trials. Results were similar for homologous HVCD. There was evidence suggesting increased HVCD-Any risk in participants with low average titer (1:10 to 1:100) compared to seronegative participants (HR 1.85, 95% CI 0.93 to 3.68). CONCLUSIONS Natural infection-induced nAbs were inversely associated with hospitalized dengue, upon exceeding a relatively low threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, United States of America
| | - Brian D Williamson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | - Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America
| | | | - Carlos A DiazGranados
- Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, United States of America.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, United States of America
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3
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Ding X, Cao K, Wang J, Wan Y, Chen Q, Ren Y, Zheng Y, Zhu M, Tian R, Wang W, Zhao C, Zhang X, Xu J. Exploration of a Sequential Gp140-Gp145 Immunization Regimen with Heterologous Envs to Induce a Protective Cross-Reactive HIV Neutralizing Antibody Response In Non-human Primates. Virol Sin 2021; 36:784-795. [PMID: 33723807 PMCID: PMC7959301 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Raising a heterologous tier 2 neutralizing antibody (nAb) response remains a daunting task for HIV vaccine development. In this study, we explored the utility of diverse HIV-1 envelope (Env) immunogens in a sequential immunization scheme as a solution to this task. This exploration stemmed from the rationale that gp145, a membrane-bound truncation form of HIV Env, may facilitate the focusing of induced antibody response on neutralizing epitopes when sequentially combined with the soluble gp140 form as immunogens in a prime-boost mode. We first showed that gp140 DNA prime-gp145 Tiantan vaccinia (TV) boost likely represents a general format for inducing potent nAb response in mice. However, when examined in rhesus macaque, this modality showed little effectiveness. To improve the efficacy, we extended the original modality by adding a strong protein boost, namely native-like SOSIP.664 trimer displayed on ferritin-based nanoparticle (NP), which was generated by a newly developed click approach. The resulting three-immunization regimen succeeded in eliciting tier-2 nAb response with substantial breadth when implemented in rhesus macaque over a short 8-week schedule. Importantly, the elicited nAb response was able to effectively contain viremia upon a heterologous SHIV challenge. Collectively, our studies highlighted that diversification of Env immunogens, in both types and formulations, under the framework of a sequential immunization scheme might open new opportunity toward HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Ding
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Kangli Cao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qinyun Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yanqin Ren
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yongtang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Renrong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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4
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Lan Q, Shu Y, Li L, Shan X, Ma D, Li T, Wang X, Pan Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Liu P, Sun Q. Molecular characterization of structural protein genes of dengue virus serotype 1 epidemic in Yunnan, Southwest China, in 2018. Arch Virol 2021; 166:863-870. [PMID: 33495898 PMCID: PMC7831630 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) epidemic occurred from October to December 2018 in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, Southwest China, neighboring Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics, evolution, and potential source of DENV from Xishuangbanna. The C (capsid), prM (premembrane), and E (envelope) genes of DENV isolated from 87 serum samples obtained from local patients were amplified and sequenced, and the sequences were evaluated by identification of mutations, phylogenetic and homologous recombination analysis, and secondary structure prediction. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the epidemic DENV strains from Xishuangbanna could be grouped in a branch with DENV-1 isolates, and were most similar to the Fujian 2005 (China, DQ193572) and Singapore 2016 (MF314188) strains. When compared with DENV-1SS (the standard strain), there were 31 non-synonymous mutations, but no obvious homologous recombination signal was found. Secondary structure prediction showed that some changes had occurred in a helical region in proteins of the MN123849 and MN123854 strains, but there were few changes in the disordered region. This study reveals the molecular characteristics of the structural genes of the Xishuangbanna epidemic strains in 2018 and provides a reference for molecular epidemiology, infection, and pathogenicity research and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Lan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Shu
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Xishuangbanna, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhao Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyun Shan
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Xishuangbanna, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehong Ma
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Xishuangbanna, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Xishuangbanna, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Xishuangbanna, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, People's Republic of China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Infectious Disease, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Hurtado-Monzón AM, Cordero-Rivera CD, Farfan-Morales CN, Osuna-Ramos JF, De Jesús-González LA, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Del Ángel RM. The role of anti-flavivirus humoral immune response in protection and pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2100. [PMID: 32101633 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus infections are a public health threat in the world that requires the development of safe and effective vaccines. Therefore, the understanding of the anti-flavivirus humoral immune response is fundamental to future studies on flavivirus pathogenesis and the design of anti-flavivirus therapeutics. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the function and involvement of flavivirus proteins in the humoral immune response as well as the ability of the anti-envelope (anti-E) antibodies to interfere (neutralizing antibodies) or not (non-neutralizing antibodies) with viral infection, and how they can, in some circumstances enhance dengue virus infection on Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) bearing cells through a mechanism known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the dual role of the antibodies against E protein poses a formidable challenge for vaccine development. Also, we discuss the roles of antibody binding stoichiometry (the concentration, affinity, or epitope recognition) in the neutralization of flaviviruses and the "breathing" of flavivirus virions in the humoral immune response. Finally, the relevance of some specific antibodies in the design and improvement of effective vaccines is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mahely Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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6
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Abstract
Dengue is the world's most prevalent and important arboviral disease. More than 50% of the world's population lives at daily risk of infection and it is estimated more than 95 million people a year seek medical care following infection. Severe disease can manifest as plasma leakage and potential for clinically significant hemorrhage, shock, and death. Treatment is supportive and there is currently no licensed anti-dengue virus prophylactic or therapeutic compound. A single dengue vaccine, Sanofi Pasteur's Dengvaxia®, has been licensed in 20 countries but uptake has been poor. A safety signal in dengue seronegative vaccine recipients stimulated an international re-look at the vaccine performance profile, new World Health Organization recommendations for use, and controversy in the Philippines involving the government, regulatory agencies, Sanofi Pasteur, clinicians responsible for testing and administering the vaccine, and the parents of vaccinated children. In this review, we provide an overview of Dengvaxia's® development and discuss what has been learned about product performance since its licensure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Thomas
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Global Health and Translational Sciences , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- Global Dengue & Aedes-Transmitted Diseases Consortium, International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park , Gwanak-gu , Republic of Korea
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7
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Dias M, Pattabiraman C, Siddappa S, Gowda M, Shet A, Smith D, Muehlemann B, Tamma K, Solomon T, Jones T, Krishna S. Complete assembly of a dengue virus type 3 genome from a recent genotype III clade by metagenomic sequencing of serum. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 3:44. [PMID: 30167467 PMCID: PMC6085601 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14438.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), cause life-threatening diseases, particularly in the tropics. Methods: Here we performed unbiased metagenomic sequencing of RNA extracted from the serum of four patients and the plasma of one patient, all hospitalized at a tertiary care centre in South India with severe or prolonged febrile illness, together with the serum from one healthy control, in 2014. Results: We identified and assembled a complete dengue virus type 3 sequence from a case of severe dengue fever. We also identified a small number of JEV sequences in the serum of two adults with febrile illness, including one with severe dengue. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the dengue sequence belonged to genotype III. It has an estimated divergence time of 13.86 years from the most highly related Indian strains. In total, 11 amino acid substitutions were predicted for this strain in the antigenic envelope protein, when compared to the parent strain used for development of the first commercial dengue vaccine. Conclusions: We demonstrate that both genome assembly and detection of a low number of viral sequences are possible through the unbiased sequencing of clinical material. These methods may help ascertain causal agents for febrile illnesses with no known cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dias
- St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Chitra Pattabiraman
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Shilpa Siddappa
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Malali Gowda
- Trans-Disciplinary University, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Anita Shet
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Barbara Muehlemann
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Tom Solomon
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, and National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Terry Jones
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
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8
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Keasey SL, Smith JL, Fernandez S, Durbin AP, Zhao BM, Ulrich RG. Impact of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Strain Diversity on Serological Immune Responses to Dengue. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1705-1717. [PMID: 30347144 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) that are loosely categorized by sequence commonalities and antibody recognition profiles. The highly variable envelope protein (E) that is prominently displayed on the surface of DENV is an essential component of vaccines currently under development, yet the impact of using single strains to represent each serotype in tetravalent vaccines has not been adequately studied. We synthesized chimeric E by replacing highly variable residues from a dengue virus serotype 2 vaccine strain (PUO-218) with those from 16 DENV2 lineages spanning 60 years of antigen evolution. Examining sera from human and rhesus macaques challenged with single strains of DENV2, antibody-E interactions were markedly inhibited or enhanced by residues mainly focused within a 480 Å2 footprint displayed on the E backbone. The striking impact of E diversity on polyclonal immune responses suggests that frequent antigen updates may be necessary for vaccines to counter shifts in circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Keasey
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Jessica L. Smith
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway, Room 251, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Bryan M. Zhao
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Robert G. Ulrich
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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9
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Barban V, Mantel N, De Montfort A, Pagnon A, Pradezynski F, Lang J, Boudet F. Improvement of the Dengue Virus (DENV) Nonhuman Primate Model via a Reverse Translational Approach Based on Dengue Vaccine Clinical Efficacy Data against DENV-2 and -4. J Virol 2018; 92:e00440-18. [PMID: 29593041 PMCID: PMC5974474 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00440-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data obtained with the live-attenuated tetravalent dengue CYD-TDV vaccine showed higher protective efficacy against dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) than against DENV-2. In contrast, results from previous studies in nonhuman primates predicted comparable high levels of protection against each serotype. Maximum viral loads achieved in macaques by subcutaneous inoculation of DENV are generally much lower than those observed in naturally dengue virus-infected humans. This may contribute to an overestimation of vaccine efficacy. Using more-stringent DENV infection conditions consisting of the intravenous inoculation of 107 50% cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) in CYD-TDV-vaccinated macaques, complete protection (i.e., undetectable viral RNA) was achieved in all 6 monkeys challenged with DENV-4 and in 6/18 of those challenged with DENV-2, including transiently positive animals. All other infected macaques (12/18) developed sustained DENV-2 RNAemia (defined as detection of viral RNA in serum samples) although 1 to 3 log10 units below the levels achieved in control animals. Similar results were obtained with macaques immunized with either CYD-TDV or monovalent (MV) CYD-2. This suggests that partial protection against DENV-2 was mediated mainly by CYD-2 and not by the other CYDs. Postchallenge induction of strong anamnestic responses, suggesting efficient vaccine priming, likely contributed to the reduction of DENV-2 RNAemia. Finally, an inverse correlation between DENV RNA titers postchallenge and vaccine-induced homotypic neutralizing antibody titers prechallenge was found, emphasizing the key role of these antibodies in controlling DENV infection. Collectively, these data show better agreement with reported data on CYD-TDV clinical vaccine efficacy against DENV-2 and DENV-4. Despite inherent limitations of the nonhuman primate model, these results reinforce its value in assessing the efficacy of dengue vaccines.IMPORTANCE The nonhuman primate (NHP) model is the most widely recognized tool for assessing the protective activity of dengue vaccine candidates, based on the prevention of postinfection DENV viremia. However, its use has been questioned after the recent CYD vaccine phase III trials, in which moderate protective efficacy against DENV-2 was reported, despite full protection against DENV-2 viremia previously being demonstrated in CYD-vaccinated monkeys. Using a reverse translational approach, we show here that the NHP model can be improved to achieve DENV-2 protection levels that show better agreement with clinical efficacy. With this new model, we demonstrate that the injection of the CYD-2 component of the vaccine, in either a monovalent or a tetravalent formulation, is able to reduce DENV-2 viremia in all immunized animals, and we provide clear statistical evidence that DENV-2-neutralizing antibodies are able to reduce viremia in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Barban
- Research and Development Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Nathalie Mantel
- Research and Development Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | | | - Anke Pagnon
- Research and Development Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | | | - Jean Lang
- Research and Development Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Florence Boudet
- Research and Development Department, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L'Etoile, France
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10
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Dias M, Pattabiraman C, Siddappa S, Gowda M, Shet A, Smith D, Muehlemann B, Tamma K, Solomon T, Jones T, Krishna S. Complete assembly of a dengue virus type 3 genome from a recent genotype III clade by metagenomic sequencing of serum. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:44. [PMID: 30167467 PMCID: PMC6085601 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14438.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), cause life-threatening diseases, particularly in the tropics. Methods: Here we performed unbiased metagenomic sequencing of RNA extracted from the serum of four patients and the plasma of one patient, all hospitalized at a tertiary care centre in South India with severe or prolonged febrile illness, together with the serum from one healthy control, in 2014. Results: We identified and assembled a complete dengue virus type 3 sequence from a case of severe dengue fever. We also identified a small number of JEV sequences in the serum of two adults with febrile illness, including one with severe dengue. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the dengue sequence belonged to genotype III. It has an estimated divergence time of 13.86 years from the most highly related Indian strains. In total, 11 amino acid substitutions were predicted for this strain in the antigenic envelope protein, when compared to the parent strain used for development of the first commercial dengue vaccine. Conclusions: We demonstrate that both genome assembly and detection of a low number of viral sequences are possible through the unbiased sequencing of clinical material. These methods may help ascertain causal agents for febrile illnesses with no known cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dias
- St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Chitra Pattabiraman
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Shilpa Siddappa
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Malali Gowda
- Trans-Disciplinary University, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Anita Shet
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Derek Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Barbara Muehlemann
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Tom Solomon
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, and National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Terry Jones
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of
Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
- World Health Organization
Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
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11
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Diversity of Dengue Virus Serotype in Endemic Region of South Sulawesi Province. J Trop Med 2018; 2018:9682784. [PMID: 29849667 PMCID: PMC5937431 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9682784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate serotype diversity pattern of dengue hemorrhagic fever virus by using real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. It was an explorative laboratory research in endemic dengue fever area in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, that is, Makassar municipality and Maros and Gowa region. Serological examination was carried out using real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to determine the serotype of dengue virus. The data showed that, of 30 patients, 20 patients (66.67%) were from Makassar municipality: 10 patients (33.33%) from Gowa region and 10 patients (33.33%) from Maros region. The serotypes found were DENV-2 and DENV-4 and no DENV-1 and DENV-3 serotypes were found. Makassar municipality and Gowa region have higher infection with serotype DENV-2, that is, 40% of cases compared with Maros, which is 20.0%. Statistical test results showed no significant differences between the three endemic areas. Maros region has the highest infection with serotype DENV-4, that is, 40% of cases compared with Makassar municipality (5.0%) and Gowa region (0%). Statistical test results showed significant differences between the three endemic areas. This result revealed that serotypes obtained in endemic areas of dengue fever in South Sulawesi are DENV-2 and DENV-4 and not serotypes DENV-1 and DENV-3. Makassar municipality has DENV-2 and DENV-4 serotype, infection dominated by DENV-2, while Maros region also has DENV-2 and DENV-4, but DENV-4 is the dominant serotype. Gowa municipality only has DENV-2 serotype infection.
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12
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Rabaa MA, Girerd-Chambaz Y, Duong Thi Hue K, Vu Tuan T, Wills B, Bonaparte M, van der Vliet D, Langevin E, Cortes M, Zambrano B, Dunod C, Wartel-Tram A, Jackson N, Simmons CP. Genetic epidemiology of dengue viruses in phase III trials of the CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine and implications for efficacy. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28871961 PMCID: PMC5584992 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study defined the genetic epidemiology of dengue viruses (DENV) in two pivotal phase III trials of the tetravalent dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV, and thereby enabled virus genotype-specific estimates of vaccine efficacy (VE). Envelope gene sequences (n = 661) from 11 DENV genotypes in 10 endemic countries provided a contemporaneous global snapshot of DENV population genetics and revealed high amino acid identity between the E genes of vaccine strains and wild-type viruses from trial participants, including at epitope sites targeted by virus neutralising human monoclonal antibodies. Post-hoc analysis of all CYD14/15 trial participants revealed a statistically significant genotype-level VE association within DENV-4, where efficacy was lowest against genotype I. In subgroup analysis of trial participants age 9–16 years, VE estimates appeared more balanced within each serotype, suggesting that genotype-level heterogeneity may be limited in older children. Post-licensure surveillance is needed to monitor vaccine performance against the backdrop of DENV sequence diversity and evolution. Each year, about 100 million people—mostly children in tropical parts of Asia and Latin America—are infected with the dengue virus. It has been difficult to produce a vaccine against the virus, because there are four different types of the virus, and people respond to infections with different types in an unusual way. Once a person is infected with one type of dengue, they are protected from future infections with that type. However, if that person later becomes infected with a different type, they are more likely to experience severe illness. As a result, a dengue vaccine must simultaneously protect against all four types of the virus to be safe and effective. The first dengue vaccine has recently become available. Clinical studies of the vaccine show that it can protect against all four virus types, but that the protection against certain types and in some age groups varies. Complicating matters, the four types of the dengue virus have continued to evolve since scientists first began developing the vaccine. Therefore, scientists are concerned that the vaccine may not be as effective against the newly evolved subtypes. To find out, scientists would have to carefully compare the genetics of the strains used to develop the vaccine with the strains currently circulating. They would also have to see how well the vaccine protects against current strains. Now, Rabaa et al. show that there is a high level of genetic similarity between the viruses used to create the vaccine, and dengue viruses that caused infections in people participating in clinical studies of the vaccines. The analyses also showed that in children between the ages of 2 and 16, the vaccine is more effective against one subtype of the dengue type-4, compared to the other circulating subtype. In children between the ages of 9 and 16, who are eligible to receive the vaccine in some countries, the vaccine was largely equally effective across the various subtypes. In addition to providing reassurance that the vaccine is working against currently circulating types, Rabaa et al. provide a valuable snapshot of the genetic diversity of dengue viruses. This snapshot will help scientists develop more effective dengue vaccines and treatments. More studies following vaccinated people are needed to ensure that the current vaccine remains effective as circulating strains of the virus evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia A Rabaa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kien Duong Thi Hue
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trung Vu Tuan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bridget Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Bonaparte
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Corinne Dunod
- Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - Anh Wartel-Tram
- Medical Affairs and Public Policy Asia AP, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Cameron P Simmons
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Lauretti F, Chattopadhyay A, de Oliveira França RF, Castro-Jorge L, Rose J, Fonseca BALD. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based dengue-2 vaccine candidate induces humoral response and protects mice against lethal infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2327-33. [PMID: 27185081 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1183857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most important arbovirus disease throughout the world and it is responsible for more than 500,000 dengue hemorrhagic cases and 22,000 deaths every year. One vaccine was recently licensed for human use in Brazil, Mexico and Philippines and although at least seven candidates have been in clinical trials the results of the most developed CYD vaccine have demonstrated immunization problems, such as uneven protection and interference between serotypes. We constructed a vaccine candidate based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expression of pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of dengue-2 virus (DENV-2) and tested it in mice to evaluate immunogenicity and protection against DENV-2 infection. VSV has been successfully used as vaccine vectors for several viruses to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The VSV-DENV-2 recombinant was constructed by inserting the DENV-2 structural proteins into a VSV plasmid DNA for recombinant VSV-DENV-2 recovery. Infectious recombinant VSV viruses were plaque purified and prM and E expression were confirmed by immunofluorescence and radiolabeling of proteins of infected cells. Forty Balb/C mice were inoculated through subcutaneous (s.c.) route with VSV-DENV-2 vaccine in a two doses schedule 15 d apart and 29 d after first inoculation, sera were collected and the mice were challenged with 50 lethal doses (LD50) of a neurovirulent DENV-2. The VSV-DENV-2 induced anti-DENV-2 antibodies and protected animals in the challenge experiment comparable to DENV-2 immunization control group. We conclude that VSV is a promising platform to test as a DENV vaccine and perhaps against others Flaviviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Lauretti
- a Department of Internal Medicine , School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto - SP , Brazil
| | - Anasuya Chattopadhyay
- b Department of Pathology , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | | | - Luiza Castro-Jorge
- a Department of Internal Medicine , School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto - SP , Brazil
| | - John Rose
- b Department of Pathology , Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Benedito A L da Fonseca
- a Department of Internal Medicine , School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto - SP , Brazil
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14
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Development of the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine: One more step forward. Vaccine 2015; 33:7100-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Vaccines already developed have been enormously successful. However, the development of future vaccines requires solution of a number of immunologic problems, including pathogen variability, short effector memory, evoking functional responses, and identification of antigens that generate protective responses. In addition, different populations may respond differently to the same vaccine because of genetic, age, or environmental factors.
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16
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Sariol CA, White LJ. Utility, limitations, and future of non-human primates for dengue research and vaccine development. Front Immunol 2014; 5:452. [PMID: 25309540 PMCID: PMC4174039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is considered the most important emerging, human arboviruses, with worldwide distribution in the tropics. Unfortunately, there are no licensed dengue vaccines available or specific anti-viral drugs. The development of a dengue vaccine faces unique challenges. The four serotypes co-circulate in endemic areas, and pre-existing immunity to one serotype does not protect against infection with other serotypes, and actually may enhance severity of disease. One foremost constraint to test the efficacy of a dengue vaccine is the lack of an animal model that adequately recapitulates the clinical manifestations of a dengue infection in humans. In spite of this limitation, non-human primates (NHP) are considered the best available animal model to evaluate dengue vaccine candidates due to their genetic relatedness to humans and their ability to develop a viremia upon infection and a robust immune response similar to that in humans. Therefore, most dengue vaccines candidates are tested in primates before going into clinical trials. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of published studies on dengue vaccine evaluations using the NHP model, and discuss critical parameters affecting the usefulness of the model. In the light of recent clinical data, we assess the ability of the NHP model to predict immunological parameters of vaccine performances in humans and discuss parameters that should be further examined as potential correlates of protection. Finally, we propose some guidelines toward a more standardized use of the model to maximize its usefulness and to better compare the performance of vaccine candidates from different research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus , San Juan, PR , USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus , San Juan, PR , USA
| | - Laura J White
- Global Vaccine Incorporation , Research Triangle Park, NC , USA
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17
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Virus-like particle secretion and genotype-dependent immunogenicity of dengue virus serotype 2 DNA vaccine. J Virol 2014; 88:10813-30. [PMID: 25008922 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00810-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dengue virus (DENV), composed of four distinct serotypes, is the most important and rapidly emerging arthropod-borne pathogen and imposes substantial economic and public health burdens. We constructed candidate vaccines containing the DNA of five of the genotypes of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and evaluated the immunogenicity, the neutralizing (Nt) activity of the elicited antibodies, and the protective efficacy elicited in mice immunized with the vaccine candidates. We observed a significant correlation between the level of in vitro virus-like particle secretion, the elicited antibody response, and the protective efficacy of the vaccines containing the DNA of the different DENV genotypes in immunized mice. However, higher total IgG antibody levels did not always translate into higher Nt antibodies against homologous and heterologous viruses. We also found that, in contrast to previous reports, more than 50% of total IgG targeted ectodomain III (EDIII) of the E protein, and a substantial fraction of this population was interdomain highly neutralizing flavivirus subgroup-cross-reactive antibodies, such as monoclonal antibody 1B7-5. In addition, the lack of a critical epitope(s) in the Sylvatic genotype virus recognized by interdomain antibodies could be the major cause of the poor protection of mice vaccinated with the Asian 1 genotype vaccine (pVD2-Asian 1) from lethal challenge with virus of the Sylvatic genotype. In conclusion, although the pVD2-Asian 1 vaccine was immunogenic, elicited sufficient titers of Nt antibodies against all DENV-2 genotypes, and provided 100% protection against challenge with virus of the homologous Asian 1 genotype and virus of the heterologous Cosmopolitan genotype, it is critical to monitor the potential emergence of Sylvatic genotype viruses, since vaccine candidates under development may not protect vaccinated humans from these viruses. IMPORTANCE Five genotype-specific dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) DNA vaccine candidates were evaluated for their immunogenicity, homologous and heterologous neutralizing (Nt) antibody titers, and cross-genotype protection in a murine model. The immunity elicited by our prototype vaccine candidate (Asian 1 genotype strain 16681) in mice was protective against viruses of other genotypes but not against virus of the Sylvatic genotype, whose emergence and potential risk after introduction into the human population have previously been demonstrated. The underlying mechanism of a lack of protection elicited by the prototype vaccine may at least be contributed by the absence of a flavivirus subgroup-cross-reactive, highly neutralizing monoclonal antibody 1B7-5-like epitope in DENV-2 of the Sylvatic genotype. The DENV DNA vaccine directs the synthesis and assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs) and induces immune responses similar to those elicited by live-attenuated vaccines, and its flexibility permits the fast deployment of vaccine to combat emerging viruses, such as Sylvatic genotype viruses. The enhanced VLP secretion obtained by replacement of ectodomain I-II (EDI-II) of the Cosmopolitan genotype vaccine construct (VD2-Cosmopolitan) with the Asian 1 EDI-II elicited significantly higher total IgG and Nt antibody titers and suggests a novel approach to enhance the immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine. A DENV vaccine capable of eliciting protective immunity against viruses of existing and emerging genotypes should be the focus of future DENV vaccine development.
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18
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A DNA microarray-based assay to detect dual infection with two dengue virus serotypes. SENSORS 2014; 14:7580-601. [PMID: 24776933 PMCID: PMC4063023 DOI: 10.3390/s140507580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here; we have described and tested a microarray based-method for the screening of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. This DNA microarray assay is specific and sensitive and can detect dual infections with two dengue virus serotypes and single-serotype infections. Other methodologies may underestimate samples containing more than one serotype. This technology can be used to discriminate between the four DENV serotypes. Single-stranded DNA targets were covalently attached to glass slides and hybridised with specific labelled probes. DENV isolates and dengue samples were used to evaluate microarray performance. Our results demonstrate that the probes hybridized specifically to DENV serotypes; with no detection of unspecific signals. This finding provides evidence that specific probes can effectively identify single and double infections in DENV samples.
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19
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Live attenuated tetravalent dengue virus host range vaccine is immunogenic in African green monkeys following a single vaccination. J Virol 2014; 88:6729-42. [PMID: 24696467 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00541-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The causative agent of dengue fever, dengue virus (DENV), is transmitted by mosquitoes, and as distribution of these insects has expanded, so has dengue-related disease. DENV is a member of the Flaviviridae family and has 4 distinct serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). No lasting cross protection is afforded to heterologous serotypes following infection by any one of the individual serotypes. The presence of nonneutralizing antibodies to one serotype can facilitate the occurrence of more-severe dengue hemorrhagic fever through immune enhancement upon infection with a second serotype. For this reason, the development of a safe, tetravalent vaccine to produce a balanced immune response to all four serotypes is critical. We have developed a novel approach to produce safe and effective live-attenuated vaccines for DENV and other insect-borne viruses. Host range (HR) mutants of each DENV serotype were created by truncating transmembrane domain 1 of the E protein and selecting for strains of DENV that replicated well in insect cells but not mammalian cells. These vaccine strains were tested for immunogenicity in African green monkeys (AGMs). No vaccine-related adverse events occurred. The vaccine strains were confirmed to be attenuated in vivo by infectious center assay (ICA). Analysis by 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) established that by day 62 postvaccination, 100% of animals seroconverted to DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4. Additionally, the DENV HR tetravalent vaccine (HR-Tet) showed a tetravalent anamnestic immune response in 100% (16/16) of AGMs after challenge with wild-type (WT) DENV strains. IMPORTANCE We have generated a live attenuated viral (LAV) vaccine capable of eliciting a strong immune response in African green monkeys (AGMs) in a single dose. This vaccine is delivered by injecting one of four attenuated serotypes into each limb of the animal. 100% of animals given the vaccine generated antibodies against all 4 serotypes, and this response was found to be balanced in nature. This is also one of the first studies of dengue in AGMs, and our study suggests that viremia and antibody response in AGMs may be similar to those seen in DENV infection in humans.
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20
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Sparks JT, Vinyard BT, Dickens JC. Gustatory receptor expression in the labella and tarsi of Aedes aegypti. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:1161-1171. [PMID: 24157615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, infects a growing number of people every year with dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. Contact chemoreception in mosquitoes influences a number of behaviors including host-selection, oviposition and feeding. While these behaviors are in many instances well documented, the molecular mechanisms mediating them are not well understood. Here we report the results of sequencing total messenger RNA in the labella and tarsi of both male and female Ae. aegypti to reveal Gustatory Receptor (GR) gene expression profiles in these major gustatory appendages. Gene expression levels in each tissue were verified by RT-qPCR. We discuss potential functions for the GRs revealed here by considering homologous GRs in other insects. Specific GRs provide molecular targets for modification of gustatory-mediated behaviors in this important disease vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson T Sparks
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Plant Sciences Institute, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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21
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Ratnam I, Leder K, Black J, Torresi J. Dengue fever and international travel. J Travel Med 2013; 20:384-93. [PMID: 24165383 DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a leading public health problem with an expanding global burden. Dengue virus is also a significant cause of illness in international travelers with an increasing number of cases of dengue fever identified in travelers returning from dengue-endemic countries. METHODS This review focuses on the clinical illness of dengue infection in international travelers and provides a summary of the risk of infection for travelers, clinical features of infection, and an overview of dengue vaccines and their potential applicability to travelers. RESULTS Four prospective studies of travelers to dengue-endemic destinations have shown that the dengue infection incidence ranges from 10.2 to 30 per 1,000 person-months. This varies according to travel destination and duration and season of travel. Dengue is also a common cause of fever in returned travelers, accounting for up to 16% of all febrile illnesses in returned travelers. Although the majority of infections are asymptomatic, a small proportion of travelers develop dengue hemorrhagic fever. The diagnosis of dengue in travelers requires a combination of serological testing for IgG and IgM together with either nucleic acid or NS1 antigen testing. Several vaccine candidates have now entered into clinical trials including ChimeriVax Dengue, which is currently in phase 3 trials, live-attenuated chimeric vaccines (DENV-DENV Chimera, Inviragen), live-attenuated viral vaccines, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and DNA vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Dengue infection in international travelers is not infrequent and may be associated with substantial morbidity. Furthermore, an accurate diagnosis of dengue in travelers requires the use of a combination of diagnostic tests. Although a vaccine is not yet available a number of promising candidates are under clinical evaluation. For now travelers should be provided with accurate advice regarding preventive measures when visiting dengue-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irani Ratnam
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victorian Infectious Disease Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The Nossal Institute of Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Durbin AP, Mayer SV, Rossi SL, Amaya-Larios IY, Ramos-Castaneda J, Ooi EE, Cardosa MJ, Munoz-Jordan JL, Tesh RB, Messer WB, Weaver SC, Vasilakis N. Emergence potential of sylvatic dengue virus type 4 in the urban transmission cycle is restrained by vaccination and homotypic immunity. Virology 2013; 439:34-41. [PMID: 23485373 PMCID: PMC3622939 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sylvatic dengue viruses (DENV) are both evolutionarily and ecologically distinct from human DENV and are maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle. Evidence of sylvatic human infections from West Africa and Southeast Asia suggests that sylvatic DENV come into regular contact with humans. Thus, this potential of emergence into the human transmission cycle could limit the potential for eradicating this cycle with vaccines currently in late stages of development. We assessed the likelihood of sylvatic DENV-4 emergence in the face of natural immunity to current human strains and vaccination with two DENV-4 vaccine candidates. Our data indicate homotypic neutralization of sylvatic and human DENV-4 strains by human primary convalescent and vaccinee sera but limited heterotypic immunity. These results suggest that emergence of sylvatic strains into the human cycle would be limited by homotypic immunity mediated by virus neutralizing antibodies produced by natural infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Sandra V. Mayer
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
| | - Irma Y. Amaya-Larios
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62508, Mexico
| | - Jose Ramos-Castaneda
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62508, Mexico
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University Singapore, Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - M. Jane Cardosa
- Institute of Health & Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Jorge L. Munoz-Jordan
- Molecular Virology and Surveillance Laboratory, CDC Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Southeast Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610
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23
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Degrève L, Fuzo CA, Caliri A. Extensive structural change of the envelope protein of dengue virus induced by a tuned ionic strength: conformational and energetic analyses. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1311-25. [PMID: 23160852 PMCID: PMC3532723 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Dengue has become a global public health threat, with over 100 million infections annually; to date there is no specific vaccine or any antiviral drug. The structures of the envelope (E) proteins of the four known serotype of the dengue virus (DENV) are already known, but there are insufficient molecular details of their structural behavior in solution in the distinct environmental conditions in which the DENVs are submitted, from the digestive tract of the mosquito up to its replication inside the host cell. Such detailed knowledge becomes important because of the multifunctional character of the E protein: it mediates the early events in cell entry, via receptor endocytosis and, as a class II protein, participates determinately in the process of membrane fusion. The proposed infection mechanism asserts that once in the endosome, at low pH, the E homodimers dissociate and insert into the endosomal lipid membrane, after an extensive conformational change, mainly on the relative arrangement of its three domains. In this work we employ all-atom explicit solvent Molecular Dynamics simulations to specify the thermodynamic conditions in that the E proteins are induced to experience extensive structural changes, such as during the process of reducing pH. We study the structural behavior of the E protein monomer at acid pH solution of distinct ionic strength. Extensive simulations are carried out with all the histidine residues in its full protonated form at four distinct ionic strengths. The results are analyzed in detail from structural and energetic perspectives, and the virtual protein movements are described by means of the principal component analyses. As the main result, we found that at acid pH and physiological ionic strength, the E protein suffers a major structural change; for lower or higher ionic strengths, the crystal structure is essentially maintained along of all extensive simulations. On the other hand, at basic pH, when all histidine residues are in the unprotonated form, the protein structure is very stable for ionic strengths ranging from 0 to 225 mM. Therefore, our findings support the hypothesis that the histidines constitute the hot points that induce configurational changes of E protein in acid pH, and give extra motivation to the development of new ideas for antivirus compound design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Degrève
- Departamento de Química, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
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24
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Sabchareon A, Wallace D, Sirivichayakul C, Limkittikul K, Chanthavanich P, Suvannadabba S, Jiwariyavej V, Dulyachai W, Pengsaa K, Wartel TA, Moureau A, Saville M, Bouckenooghe A, Viviani S, Tornieporth NG, Lang J. Protective efficacy of the recombinant, live-attenuated, CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine in Thai schoolchildren: a randomised, controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet 2012; 380:1559-67. [PMID: 22975340 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly half the world's population live in dengue-endemic countries, but no vaccine is licensed. We investigated the efficacy of a recombinant, live, attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine. METHODS In this observer-masked, randomised, controlled, monocentre, phase 2b, proof-of-concept trial, healthy Thai schoolchildren aged 4-11 years were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive three injections of dengue vaccine or control (rabies vaccine or placebo) at months 0, 6, and 12. Randomisation was by computer-generated permuted blocks of six and participants were assigned with an interactive response system. Participants were actively followed up until month 25. All acute febrile illnesses were investigated. Dengue viraemia was confirmed by serotype-specific RT-PCR and non-structural protein 1 ELISA. The primary objective was to assess protective efficacy against virologically confirmed, symptomatic dengue, irrespective of severity or serotype, occurring 1 month or longer after the third injection (per-protocol analysis). This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00842530. FINDINGS 4002 participants were assigned to vaccine (n=2669) or control (n=1333). 3673 were included in the primary analysis (2452 vaccine, 1221 control). 134 cases of virologically confirmed dengue occurred during the study. Efficacy was 30·2% (95% CI -13·4 to 56·6), and differed by serotype. Dengue vaccine was well tolerated, with no safety signals after 2 years of follow-up after the first dose. INTERPRETATION These data show for the first time that a safe vaccine against dengue is possible. Ongoing large-scale phase 3 studies in various epidemiological settings will provide pivotal data for the CYD dengue vaccine candidate. FUNDING Sanofi Pasteur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Sabchareon
- Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Austin SK, Dowd KA, Shrestha B, Nelson CA, Edeling MA, Johnson S, Pierson TC, Diamond MS, Fremont DH. Structural basis of differential neutralization of DENV-1 genotypes by an antibody that recognizes a cryptic epitope. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002930. [PMID: 23055922 PMCID: PMC3464233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously developed a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Dengue virus (DENV)-1, of which few exhibited inhibitory activity against all DENV-1 genotypes. This finding is consistent with reports observing variable neutralization of different DENV strains and genotypes using serum from individuals that experienced natural infection or immunization. Herein, we describe the crystal structures of DENV1-E111 bound to a novel CC' loop epitope on domain III (DIII) of the E protein from two different DENV-1 genotypes. Docking of our structure onto the available cryo-electron microscopy models of DENV virions revealed that the DENV1-E111 epitope was inaccessible, suggesting that this antibody recognizes an uncharacterized virus conformation. While the affinity of binding between DENV1-E111 and DIII varied by genotype, we observed limited correlation with inhibitory activity. Instead, our results support the conclusion that potent neutralization depends on genotype-dependent exposure of the CC' loop epitope. These findings establish new structural complexity of the DENV virion, which may be relevant for the choice of DENV strain for induction or analysis of neutralizing antibodies in the context of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kyle Austin
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A. Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bimmi Shrestha
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Nelson
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Edeling
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Syd Johnson
- MacroGenics, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MSD); (DHF)
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MSD); (DHF)
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